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Shenandoah, South Branch Fish Kills Continue Potomac Basin Vol. 63, No. 3 Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin May/June 2007 D. Kain/Va. DEQ A redbreast sunfish taken from the upper James River. The lesion on this fish is typical of the fish kills occurring in the Shenandoah and South Branch Potomac watersheds. Potomac Murder Mystery Shenandoah, South Branch Fish Kills Continue While the Potomac River Ramble satisfaction–five years after the kills began, paddle trip was in Harpers Ferry, W.Va., the culprits have not been identified. one of the Ramblers talked about his The Shenandoah Fish Kill Task Force, livelihood as part of a company that formed in 2004, has worked relentlessly in produces weekend murder mysteries. He studying the kills. The task force, coordinated produces several in Harpers Ferry each by the Virginia Department of Environmental year. They are very popular–people love a Quality (DEQ) and the Virginia Department good murder mystery, he noted. Especially of Game and Inland Fisheries, also includes when the murder is solved at the end of representatives of the U.S. Geological the weekend. Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Biologists and others studying die-offs Forest Service, West Virginia Department of of smallmouth bass and some other Environmental Protection, several species in segments of the Shenandoah universities, and watershed groups. Task and its tributaries, the South Branch force members continue to cooperatively Potomac, and just this season in the examine diseased fish, intensely monitor upper James River basin are similarly water quality, and use sensors to sample trying to solve a murder mystery, but they water for tiny amounts of toxic or hormone- aren’t getting much murder mystery mimicking substances that might lead to an 424071.pmd 1 7/5/2007, 11:56 AM Our mission is to enhance, protect and conserve the water and associated land resources of the answer (see March/April 2007 Reporter). Potomac River and its The scenario has been the same each tributaries through year for the fish, with the locations changing somewhat from year to year. Each spring regional and interstate brings a new outbreak, primarily smallmouth bass, that get burn-like lesions on their cooperation. bodies, and don’t behave normally. As time goes on, researchers find small to ICPRB moderate kills, often just a few fish at a time as a river segment is patrolled. As the COMMISSIONERS season progresses, the situation seems more like a continuous, low-level kill, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Hamid according to some researchers. Unaffected Karimi*, Anne D. Snodgrass, Alternate; fish are found in the same areas as those Lloyd Preslar; John R. Wennersten, with lesions. Later in the summer, the kills Alternate; subside, and fish are captured that show lesions that are healing. MARYLAND: Gov. Martin O’Malley, Many ideas for the causes of the kills Robert M. Summers*, Alternate; James circulate, including a mutated pathogen, H. Gilford, Minny Pohlmann, Alternate; toxic or hormone-like chemicals related to George H. Shoemaker, John Parran agricultural operations or sewage plants Bowling, Alternate that may be hampering fish’s ability to resist bacteria or viruses, or other contamination. PENNSYLVANIA: John T. Hines, Lori Another hypothesis is that because the kills Mohr, Alternate; Rep. Bob Bastian, tend to end in summer, there may be a Alternate; Roger C. Steele, Alternate pathogen that is strong in the cooler spring waters, but dies out or becomes inactive VIRGINIA: John D. Markley, Jr., Andrew when temperatures climb. Research has H. Macdonald*, Alternate; Del. Joe T. proven none of the ideas, nor ruled them May, Del. Marian Van Landingham, out. A general point of agreement is that there Alternate; David K. Paylor, Scott W. probably are multiple stresses that interfere Kudlas, Alternate; with the fishes’ immune response, making them susceptible to infections they might WEST VIRGINIA: Marten R. Jenkins, Jr., otherwise resist. Researchers hope to know Phyllis M. Cole, Alternate; Del. Harold K. more when they have sorted through all the Michael; Stephanie R. Timmermeyer, information collected this spring. William D. Brannon*, Alternate; There are some differences with this year’s event, compared with previous UNITED STATES: J. Winston Porter*, seasons. Task force co-chairman Don Kain Frederick R. Eames, Alternate; George of DEQ has observed that this year’s kills Reiger, Mel M. Baughman, Alternate; are strange in that “They seem to be at one Jane G. Witheridge, Howard Graeffe, place on one day, and at another the next.” Alternate He noted it is hard to determine the persistence of the kills, or the amount of *Executive Committee Member adult fish lost overall. Researchers were surprised when a similar kill was observed in the upper ICPRB Officers: James River system this year, including the Hamid Karimi,Chairman Cowpasture River, a tributary. Early on in Robert M. Summers, Vice Chairman the investigations into the kills, the Joseph K. Hoffman, Executive Director Cowpasture was selected as a control river Robert L. Bolle, General Counsel for study. As a control, the Cowpasture was used as a relatively clean benchmark river to compare with the Shenandoah system. Commissioners and their alternates are “The kills on the Cowpasture threw appointed by the state’s governors, the everybody for a loop,” said Jeff Kelble, the mayor of the District of Columbia, and the Shenandoah Riverkeeper. But in retrospect, President of the United States. it shouldn’t have, he noted. Kelble, who has researched the kills, did some research on 424071.pmd 2 7/6/2007, 9:52 AM the Cowpasture River, and found “a significant number of poultry operations in Anglers Asked to Protect the watershed that weren’t accounted for before,” and that his research has revealed Against Whirling Disease that a significant amount of poultry litter Smallmouth bass in the upper parts of was being imported into the watershed for the basin aren’t the only species spreading on fields. experiencing problems. The Maryland Kain is hopeful that the data collected Department of Natural Resources has this year will help bring an answer for the destroyed more than 150,000 trout being fish kills. He noted that the task force has raised at trout rearing facilities for been looking in a variety of directions, and distribution in the state’s rivers after that the inclusive, open nature of the task whirling disease was found. The disease force keeps the group open to new ideas– is a parasite fatal to trout. It deforms trout especially since an answer is yet to be skeletons, and the fish lose the ability to found. The intensive studying of the swim straight. Shenandoah watershed is also providing a To reduce the likelihood of spreading tremendous baseline for looking at the the spores of the organism, the Maryland watershed, Kain added. “All the attention Department of Natural Resources is also helps to educate about the stresses on asking trout anglers not to move caught the river that we do know about–nutrient fish from one stream to another, not to loadings, development pressures–its all discard carcasses in the stream or on the being discussed to a higher degree,” he stream banks, and to remove mud from said. boots and equipment before moving Virginia is strongly supporting the task from one stream to another. force’s efforts, providing $150,000 so that the investigation can continue. Potomac River Ramble 2007 Through Whitewater, Thunderstorms, and Comradery, Ramblers Get a New View of Potomac C. Dalpra Ramblers arriving at Point of Rocks. Most residents of the basin have some familiarized Ramblers with the river’s fish impression of the Potomac River, often from and aquatic insects, the birds that fly over it newspaper articles about one issue or and the trees and plants that grow along its another, or from the commuting experience banks. of driving over or alongside it. Those The 2007 Potomac River Ramble kicked impressions evolve and blossom when off on Wednesday evening, June 6, at the those same people spend several days on, National Conservation Training Center in and occasionally in the river. Shepherdstown, W.Va. The center graciously Many of the more than 25 people who allowed the group to camp on its riverside signed on for the Potomac River Ramble, property. A leave-no-trace fire was made on which over four days covered nearly 40 a mound of deposited Potomac sediment miles of the Potomac came away from the and ICPRB’s Watershed Coordinator, Adam four-day paddle with a new perspective Griggs attempted to call owls using owl- about the Nation’s River. “I’ll never be able ringtones stored on his cell phone, but it to look at the river, or read about it, without seemed nobody was home. thinking about all the things I’ve learned, On Thursday morning, the group got off to and how important the river is in our daily a good start. Elevated water levels and lives,” noted one paddler after her first trip eager arms helped the group complete the down the river. Her comments eloquently first 10 miles before lunch in only 2.5 hours. summed up much of the feedback offered This section of the river is spotted with about the trip, which featured programs that occasional riffles but is mostly slow, flat, 424071.pmd 3 7/6/2007, 9:53 AM water popular with power boaters and jet unwelcome at the time, but useful for skiers. getting downstream the next day. The group During a lunch stop at the Shepherdstown actually got off easy, as the crackling radio boat launch, the group met with forecast 60 mile-per-hour winds and hail representatives of Mirant Mid-Atlantic, a that thankfully never came.
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