April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12611 complete, and unconditional ownership of Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. REES, Mr. ROSEN 361. Also, a memorial of the House of Rep the 12 Federal Reserve banks; to the Com THAL, Mr. RYAN, and Mr. SCHEUER): resentatives of the Commonwealth of Mas mittee on Banking and CUrrency. H. Res. 942. A resolution creating a select sachusetts, relative to taking certain actions By Mr. SEBELIUS (for himself, Mr. committee to conduct a full and complete in remembrance of the Katyn Forest Mas SHRIVER, Mr. SKUBITZ, and Mr. investigation and study of transportation sacre; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. problems in the United States; to the Com 362. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the MIZE): H.R. 17141. A bill to amend the Internal mittee on Rules. Legislature of the State of Hawaii, relative Revenue Code of 1954 to provide for the con to adopting a policy which would bring the tinuation of the investment tax credit '.for war in Vietnam to an end immediately; to the small businesses, and for other purposes; to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Committee on Foreign Affairs. the Oommittee on Ways and Means. 363. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private the State of Oklahoma, relative to amending By Mr. STEED: bills and resolutions were introduced and the Constitution of the United States to pro H.R. 17142. A bill to provide incentives for severally referred as follows: vide for the selection and retention of Fed the establishment of new or expanded job By Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts: eral judges on a merit basis; to the Commit producing industrial and commercial estab H.R. 17145. A bill for the relief of Branca tee on the Judiciary. lishments in rural areas; to the Committee C. Alvernaz; to the Committee on the Judi 364. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the on Ways and Means. ciary. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relative to By Mr. WHITI'EN: By Mr. McMILLAN: textile imports from countries employing H.R. 17143. A bill to provide for orderly H.R. 17146. A bill supplemental to the act cheap labor; to the Committee on Ways and trade in textile articles and articles of leather of February 9, 1821, incorporating the Co Means. footwear and for other purposes; to the lumbian College, now known as The George Committee on Ways and Means. Washington University, in the District of Co By Mr. WOLD: lumbia and the acts amendatory or supple PETITIONS, ETC. H.R.17144. A bill to improve and modern mental thereof; to the Committee on the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions ize the postal service, to reorganize the Post District of Columbia. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Office Department, and for other purposes; and referred as follows: to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. MEMORIALS 454. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Orville L. Cain, Grass Valley, Calif., relative to re By Mr. FLOWERS: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials dress of grievances (pt. 1); to the Committee H.J. Res. 1183. Joint resolution proposing were presented and referred as follows: on House Administration. an amendment to the Constitution of the 359. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the 455. Also, petition of the mayor of the city United States relative to equal rights for Legislature of the State of Oklahoma, rela of Palatka, Fla., relative to designating Cape men and women; to the Committee on the tive to protecting the continued operation Kennedy as the operational base for the space Judiciary. of small meat slaughtering businesses; to shuttle system; to the Committee on Science By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: the Committee on Agriculture. and Astronautics. H. Con. Res. 581. Concurrent resolution re 360. Also, a memorial of the Legislature 456. Also, petition of the city council of lating to an Atlantic Union delegation; to of the State of Hawaii, relative to increasing the city of Maitland, Fla., relative to desig the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the Federal milk subsidy for Hawati under nating Cape Kennedy as the operational base By Mr. BINGHAM (for himself, Mr. the National School Lunch Act; to the Com for the space shuttle system; to the Com HATHAWAY, Mr. KOCH, Mr. MIKVA, mittee on Education and Labor. mittee on Science and Astronautics.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRIBUTE TO L. STOREY STEMMONS One had to be with him in Tower East at bridge of all eternity. Lord, let Thy servant 2700 Stemmons Freeway to fully appreciate be in peace according to Thy word, for mine and understand this one. There was the view eyes have seen Thy salvation which Thou HON. EARLE CABELL of the city that he loved and one could see hast prepared. Glory be to the Fruth er, and to OF TEXAS the relationship with his staff that was char the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, as it was in acterized by respect, loyalty and genuine the beginning, is now, and ever shall be. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES affection. Amen. Monday, April 20, 1970 No one who has ever been on a fishing or hunting trip With him will forget the per Mr. CABELL. Mr. Speaker, under sonality of Storey Stemmons. By a campfire leave to extend my remarks in the PRIVATE INITIATIVE ON or in a boat, Storey reflected something spe POLLUTION RECORD, I include the following message cial. He would bring this "something special" delivered by Dr. Luther Holcomb, Thurs into every situation. This was true even dur day, April 16, 1970, at the funeral of L. ing the long months of his final illness. When HON. PAUL FINDLEY Storey Stemmons: the doctors told him recently that the end was near, he was still the gracious hos.t want OF ILLINOIS MESSAGE DELIVERED BY DR. LUTHER HOLCOMB ing to offer them refreshments and escort IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Storey Stemmons was a man of many them to the door. Tuesday, April 21, 1970 dimensions. He brought to his work high Yes, the Inspirational qua.litlies of Storey gifts of mind and spirit. Stemmons-his buoyant disposttion, his en Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, private He was trained to be a lawyer. He was a thusiasm for life, his courage and determi initiative to meet air pollution problems man of the law-a warm, vibrant, open man. nation will forever live in our hearts. is especially gratifying in this era when His very being depicted the largeness of the These traiits were a p.art of his being. I be so many people seem to turn automati West. It was natural and comfortable for lieve they came from his heritage, his &bid many of us to call him "Judge." He would ing faith in God, his dedication to the simple, cally to government with every problem. have made a truly great judge. old virtues and his unfa111ng belief in and Accordingly, I was very pleased to read Storey Stemmons was a man of honesty. love for his country. of the progress in air quality control un His honesty was total, complete, simple-a Storey Stemmons had an exceptional ca dertaken by an Illinois private utility, matter of course. pacity for love and devotion for his wife, Central Illinois Public Service Co., He was a man of essential humility-the Grace, and his brother, John. Springfield, Ill. The utility serves much of humility of the brave, free and brilliant. I know Storey would have me say today the central part of the State. Even though possessing a legal mind, the thait the greatest lady ever is the one named appellate robes were not meant for this one. Grace. Grace, you have responded wi·th a Here is the text of the firm's an They would have been like a halter on an love and devotion that ls akin to the nouncement: eagle. greaite&t romance ever. PRIVATE INITIATIVE ON POLLUTION The law gave him a foundation for busi No two brothers could have a greater un A major phase in the air quality control ness. His delight was in putting a business derstanding and respect for each other than program of Central Illinois Public Service Co. transacition together. He would look at them did Storey and John. Their devotion, each for is completed and several others are well un upside-down, inside-out, right-to-left and the other, was a way of life with them. der way, according to D. G. Raymer, of left-to-right. LeMARYLAND dustry. their fighting men. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Hundreds of them want to be salesmen in And when it comes right down to it, the engineering field or handling technical they rally behind their leaders, so long Tuesday, April 21, 1970 products," said one job counselor. "They as their leaders deal forthrightly with Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, Naomi S. feel it's a chance to get big money and have them. President Nixon has dealt this Rovner, of the Baltimore Sun Washing more job security." way-honestly and above board. The ton bureau, in a recent series of articles But, he warns, "These jobs aren't so easy American people have responded. to get. A man has to have the right back has provided a valuable account of the ground and personality to be a good sales Mr. Speaker, it is time now for the discussion of the effects on the Chesa man." North Vietnamese to reassess their poli peake Bay by the enlargement of the Many unemployed professionals are job cies. The President has made it clear Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. With hunting in government agencies at the state they can have peace; they cannot have these articles the Sun has focused atten and city levels. Others are signing up for surrender. tion on an important aspect of the citi federal civil service examinations. zens' concern with preservation of the "My main interests now are job security and a decent wage even if it's not as much H.R. 17099, LEGISLATION PROTECT Chesapeake Bay, one of the east coast's as I was getting before," says a former con ING THE GREAT LAKES most valuable natural resources. tract planner at North American Rockwell. The Sun articles have given proper He has applied for management jobs at the perspective to the importance of the Post Office, the Internal Revenue Service and HON. JOHN C. KLUCZYNSKI growing maritime commerce of the bay, the Los Angeles County Engineering De OF ILLINOIS and at the same time to the delicate bal partment. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance of the bay's precious natural re Aerospace firms are holding job fairs, Tuesday, April 21, 1970 sources of fish and wildlife, and the where representatives of businesses ranging many recreational assets of the bay. As from computer manufacturing to grocery re Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am tailing can pick up packages of resumes and the Nation dedicates itself this week to get a line on the skills now available. pleased to join my distinguished col an environmental emphasis, I commend Hiring ha& been spotty, with no trends leagues on the Public Works Committee to my colleagues this valuable series of apparent on how aerospace professionals will in sponsoring legislation, H.R. 17099, to Naomi Rovner and the editorial of the be absorbed into the economy. create a program and procedures that Baltimore Sun: In aerospace itself, some hiring is going will aid in protecting the Great Lakes. [From the Baltimore Sun, Mar. 21, 1970} on, to take care of normal attrition but the This legislation is a direct outgrowth of new jobs are mostly restricted to specialties hearings and investigations conducted, CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL WORK POSES such as structural engineers. initially at my request, by our Public THREAT TO BAY, GUDE WARNS TIES TO SOUTHLAND Works Committee and the Corps of Engi (By Naomi S. Rovner) An exodus from the southern California neers. WASHINGTON, March 20.-Representative area has not yet begun. Most of the unem We have been concerned for some time Gilbert Gude (R., 8th) warned today that ployed are going through their savings and completion of the Chesapeake and Delaware about the long-range effect on the lakes canal project might spell disaster for the cutting expenditures for everything but of dumping of dredge materials. Much of necessities while they search for work. ecology of the Chesapeake Bay. He angrily the dredgings are not polluted, but some dismissed as "completely unsatisfactory" an "It's very difficult to relocate people," says of it is, and any further pollution of the Army engineer's report minimizing the pol an employment agency executive. "Their kids lakes should be prevented. lution potential of the canal project. are in school, they have 5 % loans on their The 10-year project to widen and deepen homes, and they like living in California. My own city of Chicago has been work ing closely with the Corps of Engineers the canal is scheduled for completion in People don't want to pick up and move. They June, 1972. It is considered of critical im don't want to face an 8.5 % or 9 % loan for to establish diked and other disposal portance to the economic stance of the port a home somewhere else. Many of them say areas for the dredgings. We know we of Baltimore in the East Coast competition the cities in the East are too crowded and cannot jeopardize the economic value of for containership t raffic. uncomfortable." our river and harbor navigation depths. But Mr. Gude warned today that in their Some aerospace workers are getting jobs We also know we must not jeopardize the haste to complete the waterway, Army in the computer and computer peripheral lakes. scientists may have overlooked the possible equipment industries, reports Leo May, tech The program proposed in the legisla impact on the ecology of the Bay. nical manager at V1P Agency, Inc., Los "The potential for environmental disaster Angeles. tion we are introducing today is an out is much greater with the C. & D. Canal en growth and expansion of a pilot program largement than with the atomic reactor at the which has already demonstrated that Calvert Cliffs," Mr. Gude declared. NORTH VIETNAMESE MAKE FATAL this kind of approach can succeed. I realize that it will pose problems in WARNED BY SCIENTISTS MISCALCULATION He said he was first alerted to the possible choices of land use and financial re dangers by four Johns Hopkins University HON. GEORGE BUSH sources, but I am convinced that those scientists, who noted that the canal project problems can be solved. will require a massive diversion of fresh water OF TEXAS This legislation does something else from the Chesapeake Bay to the Delaware IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that I believe is important. It l>Oints up Bay with the resultant increase in the salinity of the Chesapeake. Tuesday, April 21, 1970 the fact that the Corps of Engineers is not the polluter-that the pollution arises The Hopkins professors who alerted Mr. Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, President from the economic development of the Gude to the potential dangers of the project Nixon last night put his finger directly areas involved, and that the Corps is only were John C. Geyer, chairman of the depart on the biggest miscalculation North ment of geography and environmental engi the agent of the Federal Government in neering, Charles E. Renn, and M. Gordon 12616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 Wolman, professors in that department, and The $2 b1llion project has been given the lie Works Committee, which has jurisdiction Owen M. Phillips, chairman of the depart highest priority by Maryland congressmen, over all projects, including the canal, that ment of earth and planetary sciences. reflecting the urgency of Baltimore port in are handled by the Army Corps of Engineers. The scientists had urged the further canal terests which are blocked from using mod His announcement came on the heels of a work be postponed until the proposed hy ern shipping techniques until the comple demand by Representatives Gilbert Gude (R., draulic model of the Chesapeake Bay is com tion of the work to widen and deepen the 8th) and Rogers C. B. Morton (R., 1st) for pleted and the actual impact of the canal canal. an embargo on the canal's construction until could be adequately tested. The canal work is under the jurisdiction the proposed hydraulic model of Chesapeake HARM TO OYSTERS FEARED of the Army Corps of Engineers, which is Bay is constructed by about 1976 and the itself under intensified criticism from anti precise effects of the canal project can be But, Mr. Gude pointed out that the Bay pollution forces who are charging that it has model itself is not scheduled for completion assessed. been permitted to construct dams, bridges, DEEPLY CONCERNED until 1976-long after completion of the canals and other projects on the nation's canal. waterways without proper regard for environ Mr. Gude and Mr. Morton said they were In a letter to the Eighth district Republi "deeply concerned" over the unknown effects mental impact. on the bay's ecology of massive diversions of can, Col. Edwin D. Patterson, deputy divi Mr. Gude and Mr. Morton also wrote today sion engineer, admitted that the Army could to Russell Train, chairman of the President's fresh water from the streams feeding into the not assess the significance of the new flow bay and the subsequent increase of the bay's Environmental Quality Council, and to Rep salt level. patterns, especially during dry periods. He resentative George H. Fallon (D., 4th}, chair wrote: "the effect of these flows during dry man of the House Public Works Committee. Army engineers have minimized the "sta periods on the characteristics of Chesapeake tistical effect," but they admit that they do As head of the committee which author not know what would happen in dry seasons. Bay is not known at this time, and I agree ized the Army engineer project, Mr. Fallon with you that these could be checked out in Mr. Fallon, who plays a powerful role in has been one of the leading proponents of determining priorities for engineering proj the Bay model when it is completed." rapid completion of the canal project. To this, Mr. Gude said today: "the Army ects said today: "Of course we don't want He has also supported the Chesapeake Bay to pollute the bay." thinks the Bay model would be fine to study study and hydraulic model which, Army en what's going to happen after it happens." gineer spokesmen concede, might have pro He said he was aware of the question re The congressman noted that one possible garding water diversions, but added: "No vided accurate data about the canal's poten one can definitely state it would do the effect of the flow and the resultant high salt tial impact on the bay. damage." content of the Bay water, would likely be a However, appropriations for the Bay model, new invasion of the oyster killing protozoan which is scheduled to be built in Mr. Mor INTERESTED PARTIES INVITED paras:ite MSX, which thrives only in water ton's congressional district, have lagged be In any case, he said he would. invite Mr. with a high salinity factor. hind those for the canal, and the date for Morton, Mr. Gude, Interior Department offi The Army letter described the total inflow completion of the Bay model has been tenta cials, Army Corps of Engineers spokesmen, caused by the canal as "not likely to be sig tively set for 1976. ecologists, bay specialists, the Johns Hopkins nificant over the long term of seasonally HALT PENDING OPERATION University professors who warned Mr. Gude varying 'fresh water inflows into the Chesa and "any other interested parties" to testify peake Bay." In their letters, Mr. Gude and Mr. Morton at the hearings. ask that the canal work be stopped until the EARLY IMPACT FEARED He said he hoped the canal work would Bay model is operative. not have to be stopped. "If there is any Mr. Gude said that his concern, however, At the same time, they urged Mr. Pallon danger, we ought to see if we can't correct it was over the damage which could be caused, to provide the Corps of Engineers with the by a lock or something," the veteran legisla for example to the oyster beds, in a single authority to conduct a feasibility study on tor from Baltimore said. dry season. Statistically, viewed over a hun the installation of some kind of barriers in Mr. Morton a.nd Mr. Gude yesterday wrote dred-year period, the Bay could recover, but the canal to prevent the outflow of fresh Walter J. Hickel, Secretary of the Interior, in fact, the immediate damage could be water from the Bay when the canal 1s com Russel Train, the under secretary and chair disastrous, he said. pleted. man of the President's New Environmental The Marylander said he had hoped tha.t the Mr. Morton, chairman of the Republlcan Quality Control Council and Stanley R. dangers of the canal would be explored in National Committee and once a leading can Resor, Secretary of the Army, demanded the hearings on the Bay model authorization re didate to head the Department of the In embargo on the canal project. quests late last year, and has written his terior himself, will be weighing his influence They also wrote Mr. Fallon, urging him request to Representative George Fallon (D., in this matter against that of Mr. Fallon, to help get authorization for the Army to 4th), the chairman of the House Public whose committee controls the priority, and take corrective measures in the matter. Works Committee and a powerful proponent even the very existence, of Corps of Engineers The canal is considered critical to the eco of the canal project. projects. nomic well-being of the port of Baltimore, Mr. Gude said he would urge investigation The question of the canal's impact on the because until its completion, the new giant of 'bhe problem at the "highest levels," before Bay was raised by state Bay experts several container vessels are unable to reach the the project has gone beyond the point of years ago, but then quickly smothered under Baltimore harbor. The $100 Inillion improve saving the Bay. what seemed then to be the more critical ment project has a completion date of 1972. question of what the effect on the economy Only about 15 miles remains to be widened [From the Baltimore Sun, Mar. 25, 1970] of the Port of Baltimore would be if the canal and deepened, but it is this last work that were not improved. could have the most disastrous impact on the MORTON, GUDE DEMAND HALT To WoRK ON But the Interior Department's own report CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL bay. now speaks of the potential dangers not only Mr. Gude noted last week that the bay (By Naomi S. Rovner) to the wildlife in the Bay, but to offshore model will be able to duplicate the bay's WASHINGTON, March 24.-Two Maryland game fish which spawn in the Bay. complicated system of tides and currents legislators demanded today that all work on The report notes that the bottom currents exactly. In addition, it will be able to "speed the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal project move into the Bay from as far as 35 Iniles up time_" so that, for example, 100 years of be halted immediately. offshore. tides and currents could be duplicated in a In letters to the Secretary of the Interior Then, it declares: "Since the Susquehanna few hours, and their exact impact measured and the Secretary of the Army, Representa is the major fresh-water source for the Ches accurately. tive Gilbert Gude (R., 8th) and Representa apeake estuary and it is presently among the He said he is convinced that the canal tive Rogers C. B. Morton (R., 1st) noted that least utilized of all water sources in the poses a much greater potential threat to the a newly released, Interior Department study United States, we can expect there will be an increasing demand for water from the bay's ecology than does the controversial of estuaries throughout the country spe atomic reactor that 1s pla.nned at Calvert cifically warns of disruption to the Chesa Philadelphia and New York City area" with Cliffs. peake Bay's ecology caused by fresh water the canal completion. diversions engendered by the canal. [From the Baltimore Sun, Apr. 8, 1970] The interior study which was completed [From the Baltimore Sun, Mar. 26, 1970] CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE PROTECTION last January but was made available to Mr. HEARINGS PLANNED ON CHESAPEAKE AND DELA CALLED CosTL Y-GENERAL SAYS FRESH Gude only last week, stated in reference to WARE CANAL-FALLON HOPES To FIND IF WATER PLAN WILL COST "TON OF MONEY" the canal project: "The consequences of PROJECT POSES POLLUTION THREAT (By water diversion among river systems within Naomi S. Rovner) the estuary or beyond the Chesapeake basin (By Naomi S. Rovner) WASHINGTON, April 7.-Installation of pro should be clearly understood before diver WASHINGTON, March 25-Representative tective devices on the Chesapeake and Dela sions are planned." George H. Fallon (D., 4th.) said today he ware Canal to prevent loss of fresh water from would hold special hearings "as soon after the upper Chesapeake Bay would "cost a ton SCIENTISTS ALERT Easter as possible" to explore the possible of money," Brig. Gen. Richard M. Groves, of Mr. Gude said last week that four Johns pollution threat posed by the widening and the Army Corps of Engineers, said today. Hopkins University scientists had alerted deepening of the Chesapeake and Delaware General Groves pledged that "we in the him to the potential dangers of the canal, Canal. Corps are thinking positively in this matter," which is expected to be finished in 1972. Mr. Fallon 1s chairman of the House Pub- but he told a congressional panel today that April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12617 "intensive studies" on the project to widen canal drew to a close, it was clear that mem credulous questions from some committee and deepen the canal had shown that "in bers of the House Public Works Committee members, also noted that in the past there general, the beneficial effects outweighed the were leaning toward completion of the proj have been repeated requests for deepening detrimental." ect on which $80 million of a $104 million the canal. He noted that the C.&D. canal General Groves testified during the first authorization has already been spent. began as a 10-foot deep channel in the day of special hearings before the House Pub TOO MUCH AT STAKE Seventeenth Century. lic Works Committee which were prompted Dr. Leslie L. Glasgow, the Interior Depart by charges that the ecology of the Chesapeake [From the Baltimore Sun, Apr. 12, 1970] faced "catastrophe" if the canal were com ment assistant secretary for fish and wild life, said that "there is just too much at stake TON OF MONEY pleted as anticipated. for us to proceed without having the neces CESSATION OF WORK URGED The project to make the Chesapeake and sary information." Delaware Canal wider and deeper, now under Two Maryland congressmen, Representa Two Maryland bay specialists, Dr. L. Eu way, is a vital one for the port of Baltimore. tives Gilbert Gude (R., 8th) and Rogers C. B. gene Cronin, director of the Chesapeake Bio And what is vital for the port is vital for Morton {R., 1st) have demanded the cessa logical Laboratory, and Donald W. Pritchard the economic structure of the state. There tion of work on the nearly completed canal of the Chesapeake Bay Institute of the Johns ls, though, another side of the picture: an until the potential hazards are fully investi Hopkins University, said they believed the other vitality. The Chesapeake Bay and its gated and steps have been taken to avoid canal work should proceed-but only along wildlife also are important to Baltimore and them. with specified research and corrective work. the state's economy. Here we have the rub: Representative William C. Cramer (R., They submitted a preliminary cost esti The claim is made that the canal project will Fla.), a member of the committee, chal mate of almost $1 million for research on the divert fresh water from the upper reaches lenged General Groves' reluctance to slow project. The costs, however, did not include of the bay with an adverse effect on the down the project until the ultimate effects those for their proposals for "reliable struc ecology of the Chesapeake area. can be measured and charged that "as far as tures" to prevent the potentially dangerous diversion of fresh water from the Chesapeake There are those who believe that the wel I'm concerned the Corps of Engineers better fare of the port is more important than the start getting ecology-oriented." Bay. CALLED TOO EXPENSIVE bay's ecology. There are those who hold the "Perhaps," the soft-spoken Republican opposite view. There are those who think suggested, "because the Corps ls strait-jack A spokesman for the Army Corps of Engi that the escape of fresh water through the eted into a cost-benefit ratio by the Bureau neers indicated at yesterday's hearings that canal would not adversely affect wildlife. of the Budget," costs outweighed adequate such control structures would be too expen Can the canal widening and deepening be consideration of environment. sive to install and said merely that the corps carried out and at the same time the bay General Groves said the Army was in the would continue its own unspecified and low be given full protection? Brig. Gen. Richard process of setting up mathematical models financed research as it completed the canal. M. Groves, of the Army Corps of Engineers, of the bay which will give some indication of Dr. Pritchard produced charts today to how serious the change in water flow will be, has said that the furnishing of such pro show that according to a just-completed tection would "cost a ton of money." How and he promised that if "it looks as though mathematical bay model, the canal, deepened much a ton of money is can be left to the we're headed for trouble," a partial plug, now to 35 feet from its present 27-feet, would not Department of the Treasury. But Maryland stemming some of the canal flow while the unduly upset the bay's ecological balance, will want assurance that the Chesapeake work proceeds, will be left in place pending as has been charged. will not be harmed through lack of direct remedial steps. But he warned that although the fresh action to protect it. An ecologist from Mississippi, who was later water diverted by the canal might not in it identified as an Army consultant on the canal self cause disaster in the bay, completion of project, suggested that even if the fresh water the canal is "robbing somebody of drinking diversion occurred, "I like salt better-it water." might be beneficial if the salinity increased a Both he and Dr. Cronin noted that New THE PRESIDENT'S VIETNAM STATE little." York and Philadelphia will increasingly need Dr. Gordon Gunter, who works for the Gulf to draw on the Susquehanna River for drink MENT: "THE ENEMY HAS FAU.,ED" Coast Research Laboratory, conceded, how ing water and the subsequent increased di ever, that most of his research on the project version of fresh water combined with the had involved the disposition of silt from the canal might produce the oversaltlng of the HON. JOHN J. RHODES dredging operations, and his knowledge of bay that is feared by canal critics. OF ARIZONA Dr. Cronin said it would be "just stupid" the salinity situation was from studiies con IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ducted by others. to proceed with the canal work without CHARGES RENEWED building controls into the system and with Tuesday, April 21, 1970 out performing the detailed biological re Mr. Gude and a representative from Mr. search he proposed, including completion of Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, "the en Morton's office reviewed their charges today a hydraulic bay model. emy has failed to win the war in Viet that the Chesapeake's wildlife was threat The potential dangers to the bay were nam." ened by a change in the salt levels and that raised by Representatives Gilbert Gude (R., In the Army was taki&g too casual am. attitude. President Nixon's candid and con 8th) and Rogers C. B. Morton (R., 1st) who fident speech on the situation in South Representative George M. Fallon (D., 4th), have asked that the canal be delayed until the chairman of the Public Works Commit after the hydraulic bay model, a $15 million east Asia, those words were--to my tee, emphasized his own support for the hy project, is completed. It now has a tentative mind-the most significant. draulic model of the Chesapeake Bay which completion date of 1975. Hanoi had hoped for a military victory. Mr. Gude and Mr. Morton believe should have other scientific witnesses pointed out, how Then Hanoi had hoped to win a propa preceded the canal work. ever, that even the hydraulic model will not ganda victory in the United States that OF CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE answer questions about the biology of the would destroy the will of the American But Mr. Fallon noted that the completion bay. people. of the canal project was of crucial impor There was some testimony today that the increased salinity in the bay could have As our President proudly said, the tance to Baltimore shipping interests. American people held fast, and the enemy He indicated that he seriously questioned beneficial effects and it was noted that sur the need for halting construction on the prised scientists discovered that the striped has failed. project now, because the bay model is not bass or rock fish uses the canal itself as a Vietnamization is working. scheduled for completion until 1975. spawning ground. Pacification is working. The scientists said, however, that they The canal should be open to increase ton American casualties have declined. nage traffic by 1972. could not begin to tell whether the increased fl.ow in the deepened channel would help In the past year, 115,500 of our young or hurt the young fish and the fish eggs. men have come home from Vietnam. [From the Baltimore Sun, Apr. 9, 1970) Dr. Pritchard, the strongest scientific wit During the next year 150,000 more will DELAy IN CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE WORK ness for proceeding with the work, noted that come home. URGED PENDING BAY WILDLIFE STUDY while he personally felt that the canal work alone would not harm the bay, he could not President Nixon's policy-deliberate, firm, confident-is working. Now it (By Naomi S. Royner) say his work or his new mathematical com puter-model was "absolutely infallible." should be clear to all that only one more WASHINGTON, April 8.-An assistant secre He reiterated that continued work on the tary of the interior recommended today that step is needed to bring the war to an end: canal was a "risk,'' and that "measurable and Hanoi should come to the bargaining the Army Corps of Engineers suspend work detrimental" effects on the bay could be on the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal un expected if the fresh water flow were lowered table with a realistic a.pproach and move til the project's effect on the Chesapeake any more. toward a sound political settlement. No Bay's fish and wildlife population can be longer should the enemy demand humil evaluated. BEGAN AS 10-FOOT DEEP CANAL But as the second day of congressional Dr. Glasgow, whose official reoommenda iation and defeat for the United States. hearings here on the poteitial dangers of the tlon that the canal be delayed drew in- For the enemy has failed. 12618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE (b) reducing allocations to existing pro LONGSHOREMEN URGED TO KEEP grams PRESSURE ON REDS (c) maintaining a.id at present levels for HON. THOMAS J. MESKILL existing programs OF CONNECTICUT ( d) restructuring and reforming our entire HON. HENRY P. SMITH III IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Federal aid to education program? 7. Do you favor bussing school children to OF NEW YORK Tuesday, April 21, 1970 achieve a better racial balance? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 8. Has the Supreme Court been too lenient Tuesday, April 21, 1970 Mr. MESKILL. Mr. Speaker, once in its decisions on pornography and obscen again, I am sending my annual congres ity? Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, sional questionnaire to residents of the 9. So that i:.i.dustry will install pollution a recent article by Victor Riesel pub Sixth Congressional District. The ques abatement devices, would you favor: lished in the Buffalo Courier Express de tionnaire contains 18 questions on some (a) granting tax credits for such installa scribes the hard-nosed efforts of the In of the most controversial issues con tions (b) issuing a. deadline for abatement with ternational Longshoremen's Association fronting the Nation. When the results toward the release of American prisoners of this poll have been tabulated, I will a fine for failure to comply? 10. Do you favor a Federal gun registration of war. report them to the Congress, to the Pres law? I congratulate the International Long ident, and to the residents of the Sixth 11. Do you approve of the way President shoremen's Association-ILA-for the Congressional District in Connecticut. Nixon has handled the war in Vietnam? very practical action that they have I am inserting the full text of my ques 12. Do you favor a four-year term for taken and their great support of our men tionnaire in the RECORD in the hope that Congressmen? who are prisoners of war in North Viet my colleagues will find the questions food 13. Do you think local, State, or Federal nam. At the same time, I vehemently for thought. employees should have the right to strike? 14. Do you favor increasing postal rates to condemn the North Vietnamese for their The questionnaire follows: pay the cost of pay raises for Federal em continued intransigence in acknowledg CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, ployees? ing or implementing the Geneva Con HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 15. Do you favor continuing our spending vention on the treatment of prisoners. Washington, D.C., April, 1970. to explore space? The International Longshoremen's As DEAR FRIENDS: We have entered the decade 16. What do you think are our most im of t he seventies. The Second Session of the portant domestic problems tod.ay? (List in sociation is offering a deal to the Soviet 91st Congress has assembled, and we have order of importance; 1, 2, 3, etc.) Union to effect the release of American begun our work of voting on many contro -- Crime prisoners from North Vietnam, thereby versial issues. -- Pollution ending the longshoremen's 20-year boy As in past years, I have aga.in prepared a -- Racial hostility cott of Soviet ships. They offer to work questionnaire to seek your views on many of -- Education one Soviet ship for the release of five the complex issues facing our Nation today; -- Pornography through mail American POW's. I do not see how Mos such as inflation, drug control, and the con -- Communism flict in Southeast Asia. I would like to ask -- Campus rebellions cow can turn this off er down. you to take a moment or two of your time - - Drug problems The Victor Riesel article follows: to share your opinions on some of these is -- Poverty LONGSHOREMEN URGED To KEEP PRESSURE sues with me. Knowing your views enables -- More emphasis on health needs and ON REDS me to do a better job of representing you in health research, e.g., conquering (By Victor Riesel) Washington. diseases such as the common cold, NEW YORK.-It could be you think strong The results will be tabulated and reported arthritis, leukemia, multiple scle to the Congress, the President, and to you. rosis. men don't weep. They do. You would too, if You do not need an envelope to return this -- Other you sat at a desk across which came letters from mothers and young wives pleading but questionnaire, Just refold it and affix a 6¢ 17. On student disorders in universities and stamp. A prompt return will expedite the colleges, are you in favor of : (Answer yes or not begging, beseeching but not crawling, tabulation of results. no for each question.) searching, albeit futilely, for any hint of Thanking you in advance, I remain (a) stopping Federal aid to students con their sons and husbands among the 1,400 Sincerely yours, victed by a civil court or disciplined by school Americans now prisoners of war in North THOMAS J . MESKILL, authcrities for disorder? Vietnam. Member of Congress. ( b ) st opp·ing Federal aid to schools where The desk across which these letters fl.ow (Not printed at taxpayers' expense.) the administration fails to curb disorder? is that of Johnny Bowers, International (c) use of Federal troops to quell violence? Longshoremen's Assn. (ILA) executive vice president. He has the gut for the waterfront, CONGRESSIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE (d) giving schnols complete control over their campuses? the heart for a cause, but somehow these In answering the multiple questions, please 18. On the Selective Service System, do you notes get his stomach-and mine-in ship indicate your opinion by inserting a , b, c, d , favor : tight knots. or e in the space provided. Other quest ions (a ) retaining selective service boards From across the land these letters come to answer "yes" or "no". Your answers will be (b) a lottery Bowers because he has offered to end the held in confidence. The questions are de (c) an all-volunteer armed force union's 20-year boycott of Soviet cargo and signed so that both husband and wife can ( d) use of draft only in time of declared passenger ships and work each Red craft in express their views. war exchange for Moscow's effecting the release 1. Do you agree with Vice President (e) other? of five American PWs. Agnew's charge that news media are often Comments: Just to pick at random in the mound of biased? letters, there is the note from Mrs. Patricia 2. Should wage and price controls be im A. Biene from the area of Alameda, Calif. posed to stop inflation? "It's not easy having a husband missing 3. Do you think the President has been MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN in action," she write3 "but to know that candid with the American public about this HOW LONG? someone cares helps terribly. The futility of Nation's involvement in Laos and Cambodia? one small person trying to persuade a na 4. Should the United States provide Laos tion to at least release a list of prisoners and Cambodia with: HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE is now set aside by the help which you and (a) military equipment OF IOWA your union have provided. Bless you all." (b) advice Her husband has been missing in action (c) military support (bombing and recon- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES since Oct. 5, 1966. naissance) Tuesday, April 21, 1970 And there is Mrs. Gerald A. Gartley of ( d) ground troops Dunedin, Fla. who tells Bowers: "I am the (e) leave them on their own? Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child mother of Lt. Markham L. Gartley, USN, 5. Do you feel our children are receiving: asks: "Wher e is daddy?" A mother asks: whose plane was shot down over North Viet (a) an excellent education "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my nam August 17, 1969 and who has been held (b) a good education husband alive or dead?" .a prisoner in North Vietnam since that time. (c) an adequate education We have not had a letter from him ... This Communist North Vietnam is sadisti letter is to thank you, Mr. Bowers, for your (d) a poor education? cally practicing spiritual and mental efforts in behalf of these fine American boys 6. Do you favor: genocide on ewer J .~oo 1\.merican prison who have been the forgotten men ... May (a) increasing Federal aid to education ers of war and their families. God bless your efforts." And she signs her under existing programs How long? self as "a grateful mother." April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12619
There are more and more. Lots more. And sure it would help the morale of the PWs if REPORT ON AIR POLLUTION Bowers and his national union president, they could hear abcut people like you in (Submitted to the Scientifical Technical Ted Gleason, send word they are willing to stead of all the bad things . . ." Committee by P. w. RODINO, JR., Vice strike a bargain. But there's no reply. So the offer holds. One ship for five Amer Chairman) There is, indeed, word from the Soviet ican PWs. I. AIR POLLUTION IN THE UNITED STATES Union-constantly and recently. But not on the prisoners-of-war exchange. What Mos Economic expansion and technological cow's maritime trust wants is open access to EARTH DAY-APRIL 22 progress are hallmarks of our modern society. the fine piers of New York harbor, now use In America, they have enabled us to enjoy less to them because the ILA's men won't a high standard of living. But these impor load or unload them-and indeed would tant trends of the 20th century, coupled paralyze the port if anyone tried to bring HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. with the trend of increasing urban popula in executives to tie up and service a Soviet OF NEW JERSEY tion, have had many unplanned and un vessel. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wanted side effects on our health and wel fare. Air pollution is one such side e1Iect The Russians have attempted several Tuesday, April 21, 1970 ploys. Not too long ago they considered of a very serious one whose impact is being fering to retain former Ambassador Arthur Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow felt by millions of Americans in all parts Goldberg as special counsel. They were pre is Earth Day-a national day of com of the country. pared to offer $50,000 for him to argue their mitment to assess the state of our en The sources of air pollution in the United case or take legal action. This came to noth vironment. Throughout the Nation, citi States are numerous and varied. They in ing when Gleason sent word indirectly ad clude such activities as the burning of fuel vising the Soviet mission here to Eave its zens will participate in ceremonies and to produce heat and electric power, the use money, time and diplomatic energy. constructive activities to further efforts of motor vehicles, the burning of refuse, and Earlier, the Soviet Embassy in Washing to improve the quality of our life. It is the manufacture and use of such staples of ton had pressured the State Dept. into con particularly heartening to me, as one modern life as steel and other meta.ls, paper, tacting the Port of New· York Authority in who has for many years fought for anti and chemicals. No city or town in America an effort to "persuade" the longshoremen pollution programs, that our young peo is entirely without sources of air pollution. to end their boycott begun in 1950 when a And in most cities and towns there are ple--from those in college to those still enough sources emitting enough gases and Soviet master intelligence agent, Gerhart in elementary school-have joined in this Eisler, fled this city half a step ahead of the solid particles to cause a community air authorities. He slipped aboard a Communist effort with such dedication and fervor. pollution problem. ship. Earth Day ceremonies and projects America is paying a high price for air pol Then, according to reports in the highest provide a wonderful example of the value lution. Through injury to vegetation and Washington diplomatic circles, Port Author of constructive demonstration on behalf livestock, corrosion and soiling of materials ity executives consulted Goldberg. Some of a cause vital to all Americans, and and structures, lowering of property values, where along the line, the former Supreme indeed to our entire planet. and interference with air and surface travel, Court Justice telephoned Secretary of State It is particularly significant that this contamination of the air costs billions of William Rogers. The attorney wanted to day is termed "Earth Day," rather than dollars each year in economic damage alone. know whether all this had official State Of far greater concern are the adverse effects Dept. approval. Was this an official State "Environment Day" or "Antipollution of air pollution on human health. Episodes Dept. project? Day," for the battle to restore our de of extreme pollution have caused illness There is no word on the results of this spoiled environment is truly global. We among thousands of exposed people and re telephone call. There is word on the Soviet all rejoiced last week when our coura sulted in the deaths of many more. Also, pressure. It continues. More recently, Gleason geous astronauts overcame tremendous research conducted over the past 10 to 15 again was called by an intermediary and obstacles and returned safely from outer years has produced a growing body of evi asked if he would see Goldberg. Again the space to planet earth. But planet earth dence which indicates that the long-term word was no. is an ailing world that must be healed effects of exposure to lower concentration Gleason and Bowers need no pressure nor of air pollutants adversely affects the health will they react with anything but disdain. if earth is not to become as barren and of many and may result in chronic disease They want it known, and this column can hostile to life as the moon. and premature death. Among the major ill so report officially, that they are ready to Much attention has, and will be, given nesses which have been linked with air pollu handle Soviet craft on a five prisoners-of to Federal, State, and local programs to tion are emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, war to one-ship basis. combat air and water pollution, to abate lung cancer, and even the common cold. Otherwise the Soviet pressure will result noise and to devise solutions to the prob While the present levels of pollution repre in an open blast by the American longshore sent a serious national problem, the outlook lems of land use and solid waste disposal. for the immediate future indicates that, for men. And I am glad to state that there is grow Bluntly they see Russia's tactic as arro many American communities, the problem gant. The Russians are asking for the right ing consciousness of the global nature could become a critical one. The continued to compete with our own merchant and of our environmental problems and the upwards trends in the factors which contri passenger fleets which a.re in such bad shape need for international cooperation to bute to the contamination of the atmos the Duchy of Liechtenstein probably cope with them. phere--increasing urban population, in wouldn't take them as a gift. Mr. Speaker, as a member of the North creasing industrialization, greater demands The Soviets want their passenger ships Atlantic Assembly and Vice Chairman of for power produced by the burning Of fos cleared here--though the American trade is sil fuels, more and more dependence on the its Scientific and Technical Committee, automobile to meet our rising transportation so run down there isn't an American flag I can report that great interest exists ship on the North Atlantic passenger run. needs-these and other trends of growth In all, there are about four U.S. passenger among members of this parliamentary leave no doubt that the potential scope and lines sailing from any port. arm of the North Atlantic Treaty Orga severity of the air pollution problem and its But the longshoremen are willing to han nization for a united effort to improve the effects will intensify unless the Nation sub dle Soviet craft if they can get a few boys environment of our world and reverse the stantially and rapidly augments its control freed. Gleason and Bowers want no piece of encroachment of pollution which now efforts. foreign policy making. But they've just read ravages it. In this connection, I would Emergence of the contemporary problem the letter from Mrs. L. I. Williams of Tampa, like to include in the RECORD two docu As recently as the early 1940's, we thought Fla.: ments I prepared for the Scientific and of air pollution in the United States as a "I am the mother of a Navy pilot who was Technical Committee's meetings when relatively simple problem, having to do with shot down near Hanoi in Apiril of 1967. We we discussed mutual problems of air and the emission of black smoke and cinders, have every reason to believe he is a PW, and confined to a relatively few Eastern and but Hanoi has never verified this. water pollution. The first, "Air Pollu Midwestern industriial cities. Air pollution "I know what it is to live in anguish and tion in the United States," was submitted was considered to be a nuisance, rather than anxiety at all times, and it is almost un at our 1968 meeting and the second, "U.S. a real threat to anyone's health, and in any bearable when thinking of the mistreatment Reaction to Santa Barbara Oil Spill," case purely a local matter demanding only they get at all times. I'm sure you are aware was presented at the 1969 meeting. looal attention. In fact, it received very little that we are trying to put pressure on Hanoi Mr. Speaker, I have great hope that attention of any kind, for the annoyance to at least let us know who they are holding many benefits for planet earth will flow Of smoke pollution was long considered a and to give them humane treatment. from the nationwide Earth Day activi- small price to pay for the high level Of eco "But the public isn't very responsive. Un nomic activity it symbolized. When the less someone is directly involved, they don't ties tomorrow, and I commend all the smoke problem finally beoame so intense seem to have time to help someone else. So individuals and organizations who will in cities such as Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and that m.akes me more appreciative of people take part in these observances. Cleveland as to bring on a public cl(9) Safety valves wm now be required limit future drilling in areas where other zine that he plans to call hearings later this both above and below the Kelley which is economic interests strongly oppose oil de year to explore possible legislation in the part of the drive mechanism for drilling. velopment. trust field. (10) Warning devices are required to in It has been Patman's long-standing ambi dicate automatically the condition and level tion to probe and hopefully limit the influ of the drilling mud in the hole during drill CHAIRMAN PATMAN SPEAKS OUT ence of bank trust departments. Already, he is ing and withdrawal procedure. ON BANK TRUST DEPARTMENT talking about such far-reaching measures (11) Additional safety and antipollution EVILS as establishing a new governmental agency devices now are required on platforms. These to supervise trusts and even the complete include gas detector and alarm systems, fire divorcement of banks from trust activities. fighting systems, automatic shutdown de HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO Although the exact timetable for the hear vices for the wells and equipment on the ings is unsettled, Patman is clear about his OF ILLINOIS platform, pipeline alarm, and auxiliary power objectives. He contends that there is no equipment for safety. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meaningful supervision of trust departments by either Federal or state bank regulatory (12) Pollution control equipment is re Tuesday, April 21, 1970 quired to be located nearby each fixed plat agencies. Thus, his first goal ls to summon form, drilling ship or floating platf?rm, a:nd Mr. A...""l'NUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, the dis regulatory officials to Capitol Hill to discuss must be available prior to undertaking drill tinguished chairman of the House Bank their views about trust supervision. ing operations. This includes booms to con ing and Currency Committee, the gen Patman sees the possibility for a new trust trol the spread of all slicks, skimming appa tleman from Texas Stockholm in 1972 should be the occasion for countries perxnit oil pollution from drilling FOR GLOBAL ACTION the enlargement and coordination of pres off their coasts or if African countries permit ently inadequate and piecemeal efforts. the destruction of their wildlife and natural I doubt whether the traditional activities resources. HON. BROCK ADAMS of international agencies will be enough. If There is no choice, therefore, but to engage all nations, developed and less developed, at OF WASHINGTON we are to deal adequately with environmental issues, we will have to change the long-es the political level where firm commitments IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tablished idea that how a nation deals with to national action can be made. The U.N. Tuesday, April 21, 1970 resources wholly within its borders is its system of agencies, with all its weaknesses, is own and nobody else's business. still the only system available for this Mr. ADAMS. Mr. Speaker, I would like This view of national sovereignty has purpose. to call my colleagues' attention to the been rendered obsolete by several factors: Action by the U .N. system should take the keynote address being delivered today By our new recognition of the unity of the following forms: at the second Institute of International biosphere (all people are affected by how 1. The U.N. should undertake a massive Affairs, organized by the League of any substantial number of them treat their program to educate the world's people, par air, water, and land); ticularly political leaders, on the problems Women Voters in Seattle, Wash. The ad By our awakening understanding that all of the environment; should sponsor joint dress was given by Richard N. Gardner, mankind is dependent on the same scarce research efforts and studies; and should professor of law and international or and relatively shrinking resource pool and finance the training of specialists to handle ganization at Columbia University in New therefore has an interest in the wise hus different environmental problems. York City, the U.S. member of the board banding of these resources no matter where 2. The U.N. should organize a world-wide of trustees of the United Nations Insti they may be located; observation network, making use of new tute for Training and Research, and the And by the growing recognition of busi technology like observation satellites, to ness firms here and overseas that they can monitor the world's environment on a con former Deputy Assistant Secretary of not accept the heavy additional costs of tinuing basis, and should operate a servit.:e State for International Organization Af antipollution measures unless their overseas for the evaluation and dissemination of this fairs between 1961 and 1965. In his ad competitors do the same. information. dress, Professor Gardner presents his For all these reasons, our strategy for en 3. The U .N. should encourage the negotia program for action to improve the qual vironmental protection must look beyond tion of international agreements providing ity of life on earth, which calls for a traditional approaches under which interna for firm anti-pollution and other environ three-pronged effort on a global scale to tional agreements have been reserved mainly mental commitments so that the nations and deal with the problems of pollution, pov for resources beyond the geographic confines indus,tries ignoring their environmental re of a single nation-the high seas, interna sponsibilities receive no competitive advan erty, and overpopulation. I feel that his tional lakes and rivers, xnigratory animals. tage in international trade. thoughts on this crucial subject deserve The international community must be deeply 4. The U.N. should insure that multilateral our careful consideration. involved in the protection of resources wholly aid programs are carried forward with due The text of the address follows: within the nation-state itself. regard for their environmental implications, THE QUALITY OF LIFE-A PROGRAM FOR 1 used to believe that the threat of nuclear and should encourage the application of en GLOBAL ACTION war would be the major factor pushing man vironmental safeguards in bilateral aid. (Address by Richard N. Gardner) kind toward a. more rational world order. I (Down-stream erosion from the Aswan Dam, now think the most powerful impulse will we now discover, may wash away as much My central theme today can be quickly come from the urgent necessity of trans productive farm land as is opened by the new summarized: national measures to protect the global en irrigation systems around Lake Nasser.) To protect and enlarge the quality of life vironment. 5. The U.N. should establish a voluntary on our planet, we need action on a global President Kennedy asked the General As Program for the World Heritage. Eligible for scale to deal with three interrelated prob sembly in 1963 for a U.N. effort to deal with inclusion in the Program would be those lems-environmental pollution, poverty, and environmental problems-but nobody was scenic, historic and natural resources includ the population explosion. If we fail on any listening. Although President Nixon men ing wildlife now in danger of extinction one of these problems, I believe we will fail tioned the environment in his address to whose survival is a matter of concern to all in all. the Assembly last fall, his only proposals for mankind. THE ENVIRONMENT international action have been made in Obviously, each nation should be free to Man's thoughtless rush toward industrial NATO. As an organization of lixnited mem decide whether or not to nominate a property ization and urbanization, coupled with un bership whose principal function is xnilitary within its territory for inclusion in the Pro regulated population growth, threatens to defense, NATO is not well suited to be the gram. At the same time, the community of undermine the basis of a decent life on this centerpiece of our effort in this field. nations should be free to decide whether planet. We are in danger of creating an in The global environment concerns all na or not to include it. credible disharmony in nature which could tions, regardless of national, ideological, or Countries whose resources were included ultimately degrade and enslave us. racial differences. Some work on the environ in the Program would gain the advantage of The uncontrolled exploitation of science ment can be usefully undertaken in regional international technical and financial aid in and technology could spell disaster for man agencies like OECD, but a universal problem their development with consequent benefits kind, not only in the service of military needs a universal system of organizations to their economies as a whole. And the world ambitions, but in the service of economic to deal with it. The U.N. system, including community would be in a position to safe ends. To maintain the balance of nature, to its regional comxnissions and Specialized guard unique and irreplaceable resources in exploit nature's abundance without destroy Agencies, is the nearest thing to a universal which all mankind has a common interest- ing it, to preserve and extend the dignity o'f system we have. The Stockholm Conference resources such as Venice, Angkor Vat, the life, we need cooperative action by men and provides an additional reason to make it Grand Canyon, and some of the great wild nations. more universal by adxnitting ma.inland China life reserves of Africa. The problem of oil spillage on the oceans; and divided states. At the very least, the the contamination of lakes and streams with U.N. should invite the Peking regime, the THE INTERNATIONAL WAR ON POVERTY industrial waste; the pollution of air above two Germanies, the two Viet Nams, and the All mankind has a. vital stake in the suc major cities; the destruction of wildlife and two Koreas to participate in the Stockholm cessful development of the less developed natural areas; the depletion of the marine meeting. countries. It is true that development by it harvest; the dangers to human and animal The recent proposal of George Kennan in self cannot guarantee political stability; but life from drugs and pesticides; the dramatic Foreign Affairs that research and policy it is equally true that there can be no stabil possibilities of desalting water by means of making on the global environment should ity without development. nuclear power-these are challenges that call be done by a "club" of rich countries is un And President Kennedy once said: "If we for international as well as national action. realistic and politically naive. The developed cannot help the many who a.re poor, we Some effective measures to husband re countries of the world control less than one cannot save the few who are rich." It is ironic sources can be taken by individual nations half of the world's land area. Moreover, they that many people who have suddenly awak alone. But there are resources that do not have no authority to legislate for the oceans ened to the costs and injustices of neglect belong entirely to any nation-the sea, in and polar regions without the consent of ing poverty at home, seem unable to apply ternational lakes and rivers, migratory ani the less developed countries. the lessons of domestic experience to the mals-whose effective management requires Although most of the world's pollution is world in which they live. international cooperation. And even the now done by the advanced countries, the It is time to face the disagreeable fact that management of resources within the confines actions of the less developed countries can the international war on poverty is now being of a single nation may benefit from the shar have serious effects on the global environ lost. The efforts of rich and poor countries ing of national experience. ment. As they press forward with their own alike a.re grossly inadequate when measured A number of international agencies are plans for development, it is vital to their against our common objective-the achieve already at work on these problems-but their own and the general welfare that they not ment of living standards in the less developed efforts are still inadequate when measured make all the same mistakes that we have countries compatible with minimum human against the magnitude of the problem. The made. Rich and poor countries alike, for ex dignity. To turn the tide we need new forms United Nations conference scheduled for ample, must be concerned if Middle East of international cooperation and an entirely 12628 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 new level of effort on the part of both de ta.ken-afid taken soon-to reduce present ift is all many of these countries can do to veloped a.nd less developed countries. rates of population growth. enlarge total economic product as fa.st as The industrialized countries should put The facts about the world population ex the additional mouths to feed-so that little into effect in stages over the next 20 yea.rs, a plosion are now well known. It took hun or noilhlng is left over for additions to cap policy of one-way free trade in favor of the dreds of thousands of years, from the be ital stock. less developed countries. They should elimi ginning of life on earth to the beginning of Recent economic studies have indicated nate tariffs, internal taxes and quota restric this century, for the population of the world that the costs in both domestic investment tions on both manufactures and primary to reach 1.5 billion. In the first two-thirds of and foreign aid of preventing one birth are products exported by the poor countries with this century, this number doubled to the of the order of 1 percent of the costs of sup out asking for reciprocity from these coun present total of something over 3 billion. In plying an additional person with the present tries in return. While this policy would be the last one-third of this century, if present low standards of living over his lifetime. implemented gradually over a period of trends continue, this figure will more than Thus effective family planning can enor twenty yea.rs, a. commitment to the objective double to over 7 billion. mously increase the potential of the limited should be taken now. This unparalleled increase in man's num capital resources of the less developed coun This bold policy in the field of trade should bers is causing problems even for highly de tries for expanding per capita. levels of liv be matched by an equally bold policy in the veloped countries. The United States, with ing. field of a.id. The heads of the industrialized a population growth rate of about 1 percent Of course, the menace of population growth countries should meet at an early oppor a year, is likely to see its present popula cannot be calculated in economic terms tunity to cha.rt a program of steady escala tion of 200 million reach 300 million by the alone. In many countries uncontrolled popu tion of their foreign aid efforts. The objective year 2,000. Uncontrolled fertility is adversely lation growth-even when accompanied by should be the achievement by 1975 of capital affecting the health of mothers and chil modest increases in per capita income-may transfers by the developed countries equiva dren, family life, and opportunities for de threaten human dignity and undermine the lent to one per cent of their gross national cent housing, education, employment and a very foundations of civilized society. The products. This would mean a doubling of better standard of living. population increase and migration from the their foreign aid efforts, taking into account The relatively high birth rate in poverty countryside have outstripped the ca.pa.city of present rates of economic growth. The bulk strl.cken families is an important contrib many of the world's great cities to supply of this increased aid should be channeled uting cause of their poverty; it condemns a minimum levels of housing, sanitation, edu through multilateral agencies, particularly significant portion of the American people to cation and transportation. Uncontrolled fer agencies of the U.N. such as the International living in conditions of economic and cul tility has been accompanied by increasing Development Association, and the regional tural deprivation. Rapid population growth resort to abortion-both legal and illegal. banks in Asia, Africa a.nd Latin America. is adding other strains to American society Moreover, increasing numbers of illegitimate As Cold War tensions diminish, efforts in the form of air and water pollution, the children are growing up without the benefits should be made to involve the Soviet Union breakdown of m.ass transportation, over of family life. These conditions multiply indi and Eastern Europe in sharing the burden crowding in urban areas, the depletion of vidual frustrations and take their toll on of economic aid. Development should be a precious natural resources, and the destruc society in the form of delinquency, crime, cooperative, not a compet1tive enterprise. This tion of needed recreation areas and open revolution, and war. objective may not be realizable immediately spaces. Unfortunately, there are no quick and sim in all parts of the world. But we can move The results of present population trends ple solutions to the many problems associated toward it on a case-by-case basis in countries are even more ominous in the less developed with rapid population growth. It will take where the Soviet Union and the West recog.. areas of the worlrl. The average annual in time before appropriate measures for the lim niZe a measure of common interest. crease of population in these countries is itation of births can be made available to all As a first step, we should invite the Soviet approximately 2.5 percent-.sufficlent to who would make use of them. And even if Union to join the World Bank consortium double population every 28 years. In many birth rates decline, future increases in popu for India. India's economic a.nd political sta countries the annual growth rate has reached lation will result from the population growth bility in the face of the Chinese threat is 3 percent or more. of the past as more people pass through the important to the Soviets and ourselves, and In Latin America, the region of the world childbearing years. Moreover, the application our assistance programs should be closely co where population growth is highest, total of modern science and medicine in less devel ordinated in recognition of this fact. population will rise from something over oped countries will further reduce the death These bold actions by the developed coun 200 milion today to approximately 600 mil rate and spur population growth. tries should be matched by equally bold ac lion at the end of the century if present Thus development policy for the less de tions by the less developed countries. A very trends continue. Comparable figures for pop veloped countries will have to reckon with large part of the responsibility for the failure ulation growth in key countries in other large and continuous increases in population. of the poor countries to make greater prog part-5 of the world, if present trends con Family planning will not quickly or easily ress rests with those countries themselves. tinue, a.re no less frightening: India, 500 mil alter the demographic facts of life. Nor can Many less developed countries have over lion to 1 blllion; Indonesia, 110 million to it be a substitute for other measures to help valued exchange rates or severe inflation or 280 milion; Egypt, 30 milion to 70 million. the less developed countries. Nevertheless, inefficient state industries which make it And then there is Ohina, about whose pop the success with which the world applies a impossible to export successfully, whatever ulation so little is known, which at present policy of voluntary family planning in the trade policies are followed by the industrial growth rates is likely to increase from 800 next few years can spell the difference be ized countries. Many are unduly dependent million to at least 1.2 billion. tween rates of population growth that are on large imports of food because of their fail Public discussion of the population prob compatible with human dignity and those ure to deal with the twin problems of food lem has focused attention on the relrution be that spell certain misery for a growing ma production and population growth. Many tween the number of people and the sup jority of people in the world. seem unwilling to tax their own wealthy ply of food. In the less developed countries We hear a great deal these days about the classes or implement meaningful programs as a whole, food production in recent years "trade gap,'' the "aid gap" and the "food of land reform. And many are diverting to has failed to keep pace with population gap". But none of these gaps can be closed armaments scarce resources that are ur growth. In the 1965-1966 crop year, food unless we reduce the "family planning gap" gently needed for development. production per capita. in Asia, Africa and the gap between the number of married Perhaps the greatest challenge to the Latin America actually declined by 4 to 5 per women who now have access to modern birth United Nations in this area is to develop a cent. The Food and Agriculture Organiza control techniques and the number that new pattern of international cooperation in tion has estimated that world food produc would make use of them if given the oppor which commitments to increased trade and tion will have to increase at least threefold by tunity. aid by the rich are balanced by commitments the end of the century to provide an ade About 40 percent of the children born in to greater self-help by the poor. The imple quate diet for the world's increased num the world are unwanted, in the sense that mentation by the industrialized countries of bers. Despite the "green revolution,'' the spec they would not have been born had their their obligations under new multilateral tre of world famine in the 1980's or 1990's mothers had access to modern methods of trade and aid arrangements should be tied is all too real unless drastic changes are made family planning. The figures suggest the to the satisfactory pursuit by less developed in food and population policies. staggering toll in terms of individual suf countries of sound internal policies previ Yet the reason for reducing present rates fering and social cost resulting from the ab ously agreed upon with international agen of population growth in the less developed sence of family planning services. cies. What we need, in short, is multilateral countries is not exclusively-nor even pri If we wish to make a success of a program surveillance over both the aid policies of the marily-that of avoiding starvation. These of voluntary family planning, time is of the rich and the development policies of the countries, whose citizens have an average in essence. The ra.te of world population growth poor. . come of little more than $100 a year, are seek is so great-.its consequences are so grave THE POPULATION EXPLOSION ing rapid increases in their living standards. that this may be the last generation that The defense of the human environment To achieve these increases they must achieve has the opportunity to limit population and the international war on poverty are a substantial rate of investment as well as growth on the basis of free choice. If we do both doomed unless massive efforts a.re meet their current consumption needs. Yet not make voluntary family planning pos- April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12629 sible in this generation, we will make com Without action on the environment, our UTOPIA OR DYSTOPIA pulsory planning inevitable in future efforts at development and population con generations. trol will result in a world unfit for habita Family planning programs cannot succeed tion. HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER without a massive investment in health and Without population control, there is no OF NEW JERSEY other basic services. This will require addi amount of spending on the poverty and en IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional external financing. To be sure, family vironmental problems that can possibly planning can reduce the amount of interna solve them. Tuesday, April 21, 1970 Without an increase in the quantity and tional assistance needed to produce a given Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, the increase in per capita income, and may quality of global aid efforts, the financial and hasten the day when some countries can l:e political basis for population control and campaign against the human spirit con oome substantially self-supporting. But, in environmental protection in the less devel tinues unabated in America today. In the foreseeable future, even with the most oped countries will not exist. Not only does the attempt to ameliorate the very real vigorous action in family planning, it will action on the population and environmental social, economic, racial, and political take a substantial increase in international problems cost money that the developing crises, we are acquiescing in the passage aid to reach living standards in the less de countries do not have, but political resist of laws and the creation of administra veloped countries compatible with minimum ance to population and environment efforts tive actions which can only be described human dignity. is likely to grow in these countries if inter From a psychological point of view, more national assistance is status or declining. as repressive. over, family planning programs are likely to Already, at the U.N., some countries are Carl T. Row.an, the distinguished col meet resistance at the governmental and charging that the new emphasis by the umnist for the Washington Star, is one popular level if they are presented as a United States on population and the envir of the few wri·ters who clearly sees the means of cwtting back investment in a onment is a gigantic "cop out" to justify our threat facing a free America. His col country's war on poverty. The Black Power declining foreign aid effort. umns are continual beacons of light on extremists in the United States who have This brings me to my final point. The the rapidly darkening scene in Washing urged American Negroes to resist family massive effort by international agencies to ton. The column I will insert of April 19, planning programs have their counteTpa.rts deal with the related problems of the en in other countries who will exploit any evi vironment, poverty, and population growth 1970, points up the clearest danger: we dence that family planning is being used is unlikely to be undertaken unless the are creating an atmosphere of fear for by the rich to avoid their responsibilities to United States plays a leading part. all Americans in response to the calcu the poor. Unfortunately, the present posture of the lated violence of a handfull of radicals. In a sensitive area like family planning, the United States in the U.N. is deeply disquiet Mr. Speaker, the greatest danger to a case for multilateral aid ls particularly com ing. Congress has cut the U.S. contributions free society is that once repressive meas pelllng. International agencies can help pro to the U.N. Development Program to the point that the U.S. can no longer put up ures are cloaked with the armor of law, mote a broad consensus on the nature of the they can be manipulated to dictate the population problem and on what ought to its traditional 40 % of the total. Congress be done about it. They can help countries has even required that $2.5 million of the actions of all our citizens. This is espe share responsibility for taking controversial U.S. assessed share of the regular budgets of cially true of intricate structures created steps that may be opposed by particular do U.N. agencies be paid in non-convertible for by benevolent men which have two mestic interests. They can help prevent eign currencies-a requirement inconsistent dangers: First, America is too big and family planning from becoming a cold war with the U.N. financial regulations. The too diverse to gracefully accept standard issue involving political ideologie&-ar a sub United States, which has rightly complained ization of thought and action; and, sec ject of disagreement between national or in the past of the failure of other U.N. mem ond, the fact that those who create the racial groups. The United Nations and its bers to meet their fiscal responsibilities under family of agencies are thus a logical place fOll' the Charter, is now slipping into default structures are men of good will is no cooperative action to deal with the popu itself. guarantee that the second or third gen lation problem. The implications Of these developments for eration in power will continue to dem Fortunately, the U.N. system at long last the UN's efforts in the fields I have discussed onstrate such good will. is beginning to face up to the world popu are devastating. Due to budgetary pressures The most recent book outlining the lation problem. But the ratio of talk to from Congress and the Executive branch, U.S. disasters of a computerized future is Ira action remains distressingly high. To move delegates are in the anomalous position of Levin's "This Perfect Day." Edmund forward in this field, the following measures saying that they favor U.N. initiatives in Fuller's review from the Wall Street are desirable: environment, development, and population problems-providing they don't cost money. Journal of April 17 points out the 1. The present Trust Fund for Population strength of Mr. Levin's imagination as should be increased more than ten-fold to Obviously, as long as this financial attitude to at least $100 million in voluntary contribu persists, the U.N. will not be able re well as lending credence to my long-held spond as it should to the new challenges con suspicion that unless it is properly con tions per year. fronting it. Moreover, and this is a point fre 2. A Commissioner for Population should trolled, the computer will become "Rose quently overlooked in Washington, the mary's Baby." be established to administer the Fund, im United States will be in a poor position to plement population projects financed from press for needed reforms in the U.N.-for bet Mr. Speaker, a visitor from outer s})aee the Fund, and represent the U.N. in dealings ter coordination of assistance efforts or for would be hard put to tell whether Mr. with governments and in intergovernmental more rational methods Of taking decisions Rowan or Mr. Levin is creating fiction. I forums concerned with population. if it is disengaging itself from its financial suspect that Thomas Jefferson would 3. The Commissioner for Population responsibilities and narrowly circumscribing have the same trouble. However, we must should be prepared to sponsor or support the conditions of its participation. projects extending across the whole spec firmly recognize that Mr. Rowan is writ The "Nixon doctrine" in foreign policy ing about things which are happening trum of population and family planning states a commendable objective--that we programs, such as the training of medical should do less by ourselves and more in part now and Mr. Levin is writing about a and paramedical personnel; family planning nership with others. So far, however, we future which I am terribly afraid will be components of health facilities; the use of have seen concrete manifestation of only the logical result. I insert the two articles mass-communication techniques; the manu the first of these propositions. I earnestly referred to at this point in the RECORD in facture of contraceptive materials; the hope that President Nixon will use the occa the hope that Mr. Rowan's present will establishment of special population study sion of the 25th anniversary Of the U.N. to not produce Mr. Levin's future: centers as well as ongoing statistical census give concrete expression to the second-and and demographic work. to do so on a scale equal to the challenge SIGNS OF A RIGHTWING TAKEOVER INCREASE 4. The Commissioner for Population should that now confronts us. (By Carl T. Rowan) devote substantial resources from the Popu One thing, I think, is very clear. Our talk Self-styled revolutionary Abbie Hoffman lation Trust Fund to the support of research of partnership wm not yield results if it told a Texas audience the other day that be into better methods of fertility control, into merely looks like an excuse to get others to cause the United States is "losing the Viet the operation of family planning programs pick up our burdens. Our country-and other nam war, it is turning to fascism at home." and into the relationship between popula countries as well-would do well to follow There very definitely has been a swing tion policy and development policy. The a maxim adapted from some well-remem toward repression and the trappings of f.as World Bank should also be encouraged to bered words of a decade ago: cism in this society, but I don't think the devote substantial sums to this purpose. "Ask not what international cooperation reason is Vietna.zn. The reason is Abbie Hoff CONCLUSION can do for you. Ask what you can do for inter- man and his kind. In concluding, I would emphasize again national cooperation." The promoters of violence, the bomb plant that for economic and political reasons we Or better still: ers, the mad reformers push on zealously to are unlikely to deal successfully with the "Ask what all our nations can do together prove a point that I made in an earlier environmental, poverty, and population through the United Nations to create a live column: That this country is not remotely problems unless we deal with them all. able world." 1n danger of a left-wing takeover; the danger 12630 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A'/)ril 21, 1970 is that fear of violent upheaval will provoke if they are inclined toward future criminal standard usa,ge but "fight" is grossly ob the great mass of Americans to tolerate as behavior. scene. It is all right for an artist to draw the pects of fascism if that promises law and All this and more because the men now nude, but to draw a person without the iden order. around the throne in Washington can't think tity bracelet that one must constantly touch Many "dreamers" in the Abbie Hoffman of any other way to deal with Abbie Hoff against check points is also obscene. crowd say they know exactly what they are man, or the Black Panthers, or the Weather Analogous to Huxley's "soma" are the doing. They welcome a right-wing dictator man faction of the Students for a Demo monthly treatments that keep all Family ship, they say, because only when "the estab cratic Society. members tranquil and obedient. Any rebel is lishment" shows its "true fascistic colors" simply treated with stronger doses-no will the people rise up and smash this system. THE HORRORS OF DYSTOPIA "punishment" is needed. Could we really let a rag-tag band of un From the terrors of witchcraft in "Rose Uni plans everyone's life, charts his educa kept reformers, shouting the rhetoric of revo mary's Baby," Ira Levin, in his new novel tion, designates his career, moves him around lution, force upon the nation so much panic "This Perfect Day" plunges us into the the globe as needed, chooses his marriage that the people would tolerate a d ictator more imminent horrors of computercraft. partner, tells him whether he may have any ship? One need not be an alarmist to con His novel is a skillfully imagined, dramati children at all, and if so, how many. Sex is a clude that the answer is yes. cally absorbing venture into that modern pleasure mechanism, but regimented. Popula The American Civil Liberties Union and literary tradition of dystopia-the opposite tion is strictly controlled. One of the rights several Congressmen, like Rep. Cornelius E. of utopia. From Plato through Sir Thomas the rebels wish to gain is that of having chil Gallagher, D-N.J., months ago challenged the More to Edward Bellamy, utopian literature dren by free choice. Today, when population Army practice of putting into a computerized looked ahead toward a future ideal society control is a much-discussed subject, Levin's data bank information on civilians involved that would be rational, humane, just-all book makes us wonder whether population in disturbances and demonstrations and who made possible, as many saw it, by the ad can ever be controlled except under a repres might become civil disrupters at some time vancement of science. sive society that would engender revolt in the future. This century has seen the disillusionment against itself, thus ending control again. Army Secretary Stanley Resor sent a of that dream. Aldous Huxley wrote the The constant surveillance by Uni is rep memorandum to the Army Chief of Staff first great dystopian book-the vision of a resented to the people as security. When the March 6 stating: "No such intelligence data scientific future as a dehumanized horror grandfather illegally takes young Chip past bank operat ions relat ing to civil disturb in "Brave New World." Orwell's "1984" was a the revered false front of UniComp to deep ances or other activities involving civilians variation on the theme, more political in levels of the real machine, the boy is fright not affiliated with the Department of Defense emphasis. They have had a host of lesser fol ened by the thought, "Uni didn't know should be instituted without the prior ap where he was!" proval of the Secretary of the Army and the lowers, among whom Levin, with this novel, takes an honorable place. If this theme in Though the computer is an entity of enor Chief of Staff. In view of the sensitivity of mous power, the adult Chip discovers that such operations, approvals will not be terests you, take a look at "From Utopia to Nightmare," by Ohad Walsh (Harper & there is a surprising factor behind Uni un granted without consultations with con suspected by the Family at large. "This Per cerned committees of the Congress." Row), which was the first study of this reversal of expectations and which gave fect Day" is a menacing picture of enforced The ACLU will charge in the U.S. District social perfection. The happy note in it, as in Court here Wednesday that while the Army currency to the term "dystopia." In "This Perfect Day" the world, projected other dystopias, is that there are always some proposes to close down its oomputerized data people out of step. It's something to remem bank at Ft. Holabird, Md., it is collecting and well over a century and a half into the future (that may be the one optimistic ber when rebels vex us. storing such data elsewhere. -EDMUND F'uLLER. One need not be a raving liberal, or even note), is run by UniComp, shortened in common usage to Uni. It had been the ("This Perfect Day." By Ira Levin. Random a civil libertarian, to see the dangers of House, 309 pages. $6.95.) having the military snooping on civilian dis crowning successor to an earlier phase when senters, compiling its own computerized lists there had been five continental computers of Americans the Pentagon regards as "po sharing this function. The people of Uni's tential security risks." globe-girdling domain are known as the But the danger is there because the vio Family. Every citizen is numbered and the prime duty of each is to help spread the RHODESIA-VICTIM OF MYTH AND lent dissenters are a reality. Because the SUPERSTITION bombers and rioters are already here, much Family through the universe. of the public is far more afraid of them than It is a perversion of that Family of Man of a "military takeover" that ls just an in celebrated in Edward Steichen's famous col tellectual threat in the future. lection of pictures. The Family anthem is HON. JOHN R. RARICK worth quoting: The public's willingness to surrender basic OF LOUISIANA "One mighty family, individual liberties and rights of privacy will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES become all the greater if Nixon's aides can A single perfect breed, sell the idea that the country is endangered Free of all selfishness, Tuesday, April 21, 1970 by extreme radicals who cannot be won over Aggressiveness and greed; Each member giv-ing all he has to give Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the attempt by racial, social, economic, or political re of the red-black bloc to overthrow forms. And getting all he needs to live!" The New York Times quoted an unnamed Races have been molded into a prevalent civilization in Rhodesia through a bar Nixon assistant as saying: "It wouldn't make tan skin, black hair, brown eyes. Rare varia baric declaration of limited war has a bit of difference if the war and racism tions occur, some as odd as the green right proven a classic among international ended overnight. We're dealing with the eye of the hero, whose "nameber" is Li poppycock. Myth and superstition have criminal mind, with people who have RM35M4419, but who likes to be called never been able to blot out the truth. snapped for some reason." "Chip," as his slightly disreputable grand Sanctions against peaceful, self-gov So, to protect society from "revolutionary father had dubbed him. erning Rhodesia has but emphasized the terrorism," some Nixon aides are advocating As a boy, Chip is given a slight introduc sheer hypocrisy and dicta torial self a vastly expanded domestic intelligence ap tion to subversion by that grandfather, who paratus-that is, more wiretaps and bug had been one of the builders of Uni. Chip serving prejudices of a n onrepresenta gings, more undercover agents, more in later discovered there are outright rebels in tive international body which never had f0rmers. an underground movement. He learns that if the support of free-thinking people and Think how far we have gone toward a you can manage to avoid the monthly treat whose credibility has now been reduced police state in one year and where we might ments in the Medicenter you will really be to a sham. be in another year: the Pentagon with its gin to come alive and experience the fright Free people the world over cannot ac master computer list of "risks" to internal ening thrill of being an individual. He also cept the distortions and untruths being hears about islands where "incurables" live, security, the FBI listening in on more and circulated by the red-black bloc, so they more private conversations, a corps of "secret people not under Uni's control-reminiscent police" and their informers in every com of the "savage" reservations in "Brave New take it upon themselves firsthand to munity, policemen permitted to burst into World." They are carefully concealed but learn the truth. Free people who want just about any private home without knock- Chip manages to learn where they are and to to investigate the facts and arrive at their ing, Post Office bureaucrats authorized to reach one. Convinced that "it's wrong to let personal conclusions are at individual open and read your first class letters from Uni have the world without trying to get it hardship and personal expense flocking overseas, Clark Mollenhoff or some other back," he leads a small group in the danger to Rhodesia, South Africa, and the Por ous effort to destroy Uni, which is at EUR presidential political operative permitted to tuguese provinces to see firsthand peace examine your income tax return, "preventive Zip-One, known to an earlier age as Geneva. detention" laws that authorize jailing people What happens in the assault on Uni is the ful conditions which have been exploited someone believes might commit a crime, a source of high suspense, and you are not by the United Nations Organization as proposal (just rejected by the White House) likely to outguess Ira Levin who comes up "a threat to international peace." to subject all the 6- to 8-year-olds in the with a succession of surprising twists. Without exception, those who learn country to psychological tests to determine In this world a fam.ous four-letter word is the truth can but regard the United Na- .
A]Yril 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12631 tions propaganda as the serious setback If people wanted to demonstrate, to gather Rock Island Argus, Illinois: "Governments to peace, progress, and mankind. in great numbers and hold a procession they are generally recognized because of their The internationally regulated, thought had to obtain permission from the local Dis prima fade ability to govern and not because trict Commissioner or Magistrate and in of moral reasons. But if morality is to be manipulators and synthetic prophets of most cases this was granted. the test, Rhodesia ranks far above Russia." doom of the UNO belittle the intelligence But if the ·party or society concerned had Worcester Gazette, Massachusetts: "Dip of free men by thinking that through an a reputation for stirring up trouble, the local lomatic relations do not imply that nations international war program they can authority had the right to say "No" to a approve of each other, or agree with each prejudice people from learning the truth. demonstration in the middle of a city or a other. But refusal to talk practically guar I ask that several firsthand reports of town where other people were going about antees that solutions won't be found .... Rhodesian visitors from the United their legitimate business. It is highly unlikely that this step will im States, England, and elsewhere, follow A CIVILIZED MAN prove conditions for Rhodesians of any race, my comments. As an individual Ameri One of the most difficult things in the or for the United States." can, I am ashamed of the cowardly pol world was to try to determine what are the Columbus Citizen Journal, Ohio: "As a criteria for assessing a civilized man. Edu matter of principle, the United States is icy of the political party presently in cation was part of it. But he believed moral wrong. We normally recognize any govern power in my country for participating in principles probably were more important ment if it is well established, no matter this retrogressive cabal of the interna than.almost anything else. The ability to play what we think of its policies. We are mak tionalists merely in the expectation of the game, to act decently to other people, to ing an extraordinary exception of Rhodesia." gaining favor by a few bloc votes at the safeguard the rights of minorities. This was Pensacola Journal, Florida: "It seems rea discredited UNO. something completely absent from so many sonable to counsel a reappraisal free from I include the related news clippings countries in the world, especially the newly British influence." to independent countries. San Diego Tribune, California: "If it is and a letter from the assistant the Rhodesia had chosen Income Tax contri indeed our intention not to interfere in the President at the White House in the butions to the state as the criteria to deter internal affairs of other nations, it seems RECORD: mine parliamentary representation of the two that our government could affirm that re [From the Rhodesian Commentary, main racial groups. Within those groups, cently announced policy by easing our rigid March 1970) there was another qualification which was position on Rhodesia." AMERICAN JOURNALISTS MEET THE PRIME salary and education. Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Texas: "In MINISTER Mr. Smith said he had not heard of a Salisbury, the Rhcdesian Government says better yardstick to obtain the vote. The Prime Minister, Mr. Ian Smith, at a it is surprised by the U.S. action .... What the Rhodesian Government failed to take press conference with 41 visiting American newspaper owners and journalists in Salis [From the Rhodesian Viewpoint, into account was how piously sanctimo bury on March 2, was well received. Apr. 10, 1970) nious 13 struggling colonies can become over the oourse of a couple of centuries' progress The leader of the tour, Mr. Nathan Bolton, U.S. EDITORS OPPOSE CUTTING RHODESIAN towards super-power status." of Hastrop, Louisiana, told the Prime Minis LINK: APPROVE VETO Minneapolis Tribune, Minnesota: "If rep ter they were delighted that by coincidence In a sample survey of American newspaper they were in Rhodesia on the day a republic resentative government is to be the cri editorials during March 1970 by the terion for official relations, the United States was declared, and said there was consider Rhodesian information office taken from able support for Rhodesia in the United will have to close up shop in quite a num clippings supplied by a commercial press ber of other countries." States. clipping service in Washington, D.C., it is The visitors, who call themselves News evident that an overwhelming majority of Evening Star, Washington, D.C.: "While paper Adventurers, were in Rhodesia for two American editors disapprove of the U.S. ad closure of the American consulate in Rho days at the end of a two-week South African ministration's action in closing their con desia will win brief plaudits from the black tour. They are from all over the United sulate in Salisbury. A majority of editors, African regimes, they certainly will not be States. in ratio of 20 to 1, approved the use of the satisfied with this. They can be expected to After the conference they toured Salisbury first United States veto by U.N. Ambassador press their demand that Britain and the and visited an African craft village outside Charles B. Yost when a resolution on United States apply even tougher meth the city before having lunch at Lake Mc Rhodesia was introduced into the U.N. Secu ods.. . . Five years from now, the situa Ilwaine. At the craft village, an authentic rity Council by the Afro-Asian bloc of na tion is likely to be the same." replica of the traditional tribal set-up, the tions on March 17. The single newspaper Bangor News, Maine: "To blackball Rho Americans were enthralled with the tribal editorial opposed to this action appeared desia while wooing Communist powers dancing and the herbalist's hut; had their in the columns of the New York Times. strikes us as singularly inconsistent." fortune's read in African fashion; and left On the question of the closure of the U.S. Milwaukee Sentinel, Wisconsin: "We pun with sculptures and pieces of art from the Consulate in Salisbury, 67 editorials were ish a nation, including both its black and workshop. received, of which 57 opposed the action and white residents, that does us no harm, and The following are points made by Mr. 10 approved. Regarding the first use by the reward another nation that is the chief sup Smith. United States of its power of veto in the plier and sustainer of the forces that have A DESIRE TO DESTROY Security Council of the United Nations, 21 been killing American men in South Viet "We are on the side of the West and for editorials were received, of which 20 en nam." this reason we have never been able to un dorsed the action and 1 opposed it. The fol derstand why countries such as America and lowing are some of the views expressed by [From the Rhodesian Commentary, Britain wish to destroy Rhodesia. We have the editors: April 1970] stood by them and fought with them in their Portland Oregonian, Oregon: "We need to wars gone by. So what we really ask is that be more consistent in our overseas repre FIRST VISIT Is EYE-OPENER people should not condemn us in ignorance sentation and act on hard facts rather than (By Bernadine Bailey) or through hearsay. We just ask that you political emotion or favors to another na A first visit to Rhodesia is an illuminating come and see for yourself. Then if you don't tion." and delightful experience. Illuminating be like what we are doing, that's fair enough, Muncie Star, Indiana: "America cannot cause the average overseas visitor has no con we will have to agree to differ; but give us a possibly influence Rhodesian developments ception of what Rhodesia is really like. The fair trial. And this, of course, is one of t he in favor of civil rights-if the U.S. govern truth, in fact, is the exact opposite of the basic tenets of Western dem:icracy, is it ment maintains no contact at all with the propaganda we have been fed. Never a word not?" constitutional government of Rhodesia. The are we told of the orderly way of life, the CONTROL OF DEMONSTRATORS U.S. presence in Rhodesia was politically diversity and amazing growth of industry, "I don't believe that people have a right desirable-for Rhcdesia as well as the U.S." the potential for development and the con to demonstrate to an extent where thev r re Glendale News-Press, California: "If we tentment of the African population. interfering with the legitimate rights of the closed consulates in every country where we And certainly never a word about the well law-abiding citizens-and this is where I find cause for disagreement, there would be thought out, far-reaching programme for don't agree with what is happening in Brit mass unemployment in the diplomatic serv "helping the Africans to help themselves" ain today ... (applause) ... and in your ice." by providing them every possible opportunity own country of America." Lincoln Star, Nebraska: " ... to ignore for study, technical and cultural develop Mr. Smith said times were changing and Rhodesia diplomatically because we do not ment, enjoyment of sports, hospital facilities, there must be powers to deal with the times. approve of its government policy is both in social life, decent housing-while at the "If I have to choose between defending consistent and immature on the part of the same time allowing them to follow their own the rights of the decent, law-abiding citi U.S. Our government blundered in pull1ng cultural pattern and way of life in so far as zens, especially women and children, or the U.S. representative out of Rhodesia." they care to do so. If ever a people were in a looking after the rights of mischiefmakers, Phoenix Gazett e, Artz;ona: "To put position to "eat their cake and have it", it then I don't hesitate as to who I'm looking Rhodesia ahead of Red China . . . on our is the native Africans in the new Republic of after-it's the decent law-abiding citizen." hate list is dishonest and unforgivable." Rhodesia. 12632 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970
SCORN AND ABUSE light underneath it whilst they traced the determine how it can best assist them to And for all its pains in securing the well outline onto the white panel. Then the coat do this. being and eventual franchise (a black man of-arms was embroidered by a local lady in The approach in the European areas, how may vote as soon as he qualifies by paying silks of the appropriate colour. ever, will be, as soon as possible, to terminate an income tax, which automatically indicates "The completed flag is a veritable work rights of occupation by African tenants, sub that he is a responsible citizen, not a parasite, of art, which, in fact, makes an ordinary flag ject to their being suitably placed in the who is contributing to the economy and look dull by comparison, for the raised silks African areas or in African townships within growth of his country), what does Rhodesia give the flag a certain 'body' which is lack the European area, depending upon the na get? The scorn and abuse and economic ha ing in ordinary flags. ture of the area which they at present occupy. rassment of the Western world. Have the "This flag hangs in the hall at all meetings In terms of the Act there is provision for Communists gone so far that they can in of the Society and I thought that it was compensation for right holders and it is fluence the non-Communist nations to act such a sterling effort that I told members hoped that resettlement will be effected with thusly? I would tell the story when I got home." the close co-operation of all the parties While in Rhodesia, I made a point of talk Mr. Devine in a footnote to his letter says: concerned. ing to a number of Africans about their Gov "It is particularly important to remember DEVELOPMENT PLAN ernment and their Prime Minister, Mr. Ian that we do still have plenty of friends in The Missions have played a great pa.rt in Douglas Smith. Without exception, they Britain." bringing Christianity to Rhodesia through spoke highly of both, adding "Mr. Smith is a the establishment of churches and other re very fine man". Never at any time was there a [From the Rhodesian Commentary, ligious foundations, educational institutions, word of criticism or complaint. April 1970] clinics and hospitals. It is not Government's COURTESIES A VISITOR FROM BALTIMORE intention to hinder activities on existing Professor Gottfried Dietze, a lecturer in Mission land, and the traditional Govern Furthermore every African with whom I ment policy of assisting Missions in the edu came in contact was courteous, pleasant and political science at the Johns Hopkins Uni versity, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A., who, cational and medical fields will continue. eager to be helpful. The Churches, therefore, need have no The Europeans whom I met in Rhodesia after a visit to South Africa as a guest of the went far beyond the normal courtesies ex Government, took the opportunity to pay a fear in this regard, but it should be recog tended to a visitor. People whom I had never short visit to Rhodesia. nized that the expansion of existing estab lishments must conform to the overall plan even heard Of before entertained me in their Speaking e.t a presentation concert of the homes, drove me to places of interest and Rhodesian Academy Of Music in Bulawayo, of development for the area in which they offered to be of help in any way they could. the Minister of Education, Mr. Philip Smith, are located. Is it surprising that I hope to make a return said the Academy's work had been overshad Mission institutions which are to be estab visit in the not too distant future? owed by more material requirements of a lished for the benefit of Africans who are not It is indeed ironical that the United States, developing oountry. But the time was ap working in the European area will be en of all the Western powers, should join in the proaching when real evidence of mature couraged to develop in the African areas economic and diplomatic stampede against civilization would be sought in Rhodesia. rather than on Mission-owned land in the a small independent nation that is doing no "This will be provided by the artistic European area. This is in conformity with harm to anyone-least of all to its own na output of its citizens, not the least of these Government's policy of fostering the de tive African people-and under no circum being the achievements of its musicians.'' velopment of the African areas. stances could be considered a threat to world peace. [From the Rhodesian Commentary, [From the Rhodesian Commentary, April And after all, who are we-after our shame April 1970] 1970] ful treatment of our American natives, the GOVERNMENT REASSURES CHURCHMEN WORLD COMMERCE UNDERMINING SANCTIONS long-suffering Indians-to cast the first The Minister of Lands, Mr. Philip van WAR stone. Heerden, has issued the following statement: Speaking to the Umtali branch of Rota.ry We had our own U.D.I.-back in 177&-and Churchmen of various denominations have on the eve of its World Understanding broke all diplomatic ties with England. Only recently expressed concern about the effect Week, the Minister of Commerce and we did it by force, while Rhodesia was wise the introduction of the Land Tenure Act Industry, Mr. Jack Mussett, said there enough to cut the umbilical cord without will have on the use of land owned or oc existed today many world councils of various casualties. cupied by Missions. forms comprising different organizations If the United Nations is a truly "peace In the Land Tenure Act there is no special possessing similar aims. There must be keeping" body, it should heap praise, rather classification of Mission land as there was in countless clubs or societies operating under than censure, on a nation that is doing ev the Land Apportionment Act. It has been re different names whose aims and objects erything humanly possible to improve life apportioned and included in either the Euro amounted to international understanding. for all the races within its borders. pean Area or the African Area, depending on He would suggest that only good could come Since this was my fourth visit to the Afri its situation. from a movement to promote the interchange can continent, I had already seen (in Zan RIGHTS OF OOCUPATION of factual information between Rotary and zibar, Kenya, Congo, Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, these groups. etc.) the chaos that results from "one man, The Land Apportionment Act gave rights Some of a group of international journal one vote-one time only", as Prime Minister of occupation to African tenants on Mission ists visiting Rhodesia as guests of the Smith so accurately phrases it. land in the European Area. The Land Tenure Salisbury Rotary Club: Mrs. Horst-Alex In startling contra.st, Rhodesia. is a re Act calls for the registration of these rights ander Siebert and her husband, Dr. Siebert, freshing area of order, progress, well-being and gives the responsible Minister the power foreign trade editor of Die Welt, West Ger and high hopes for the future. The Prime to terminate them. many; Mr. Takis Sotirhos, an editor of Vra.d Minister and his Parliament appear to repre The reason for the granting to Govern yni, daily evening newspaper of Athens; and sent the true will of the electorate. In other ment of such wide powers is to enable it to Mr. John William Hughes, a television com words, this country has not been taken over clear up islands of African occupation which mentator from Wales. by the Communists and ()r the huge financial lie within European areas but which are It was, after all, as a result of similar efforts interests who seek control of the world and quite unrelated to the actual work of the on the part of government that trade rela its natural resources. Let us hope that the Mission. tions were entered into. Nowhere would one Rhodesians will continue to have the courage Indeed, in some cases the occupation of find a greater cross-section of people than and the stamina to keep it that way. Mission land by tenants has almost certainly those which made up the General Agreement become an embarrassment to the Missions on Trade and Tariffs, yet here was a trading [From the Rhodesian Commentary, April themselves, as the land in many instances is relationship which was honored by all for the 1970] no longer capable of sustaining the tenants good of all. FRIENDS IN BRITAIN MADE RHODESIAN FLAG and their families, and further subdivisions The European Common market was an Maurice V. Devine, of Wankie, on a re would not only create opposition from exist other example of people of different nation cent visit to England took the photograph. ing tenants, but would be sub-economic and alities getting together for a common good. He writes: "Mr. Aden B. Spencer, for three lead to a land use problem of the first order. "International understanding, peace and years secretary of the Southend-on-Sea Government has taken cognizance of this goodwill a.re fundamental principles of life branch, hit upon the idea of making the flag. fact a.nd through the Land Tenure Act wlll which must be encouraged wherever pos With the aid of a small car sticker of the be able to deal with any problems that may sible," said Mr. Mussett. "I can see no reason fiag he and his helpers were able to make arise. why it should not start in a country where one in a most ingenious manner. DISPOSAL OF LAND conventions are honoured in spite of the fact "They first bought the necesary green and The policy of the Government in so far as that politically we appear not to be com white material. Then, after photographing Missions in the African Area are concerned., pletely accepted. the small coat-of-arms in 'the centre of 'the will be to encourage the disposal o! land "This form of close liaison is nothing new flag sticker, they enlarged the print to two being used for agricultural purposes to in after all. The world of commerce has long foot square. This they placed under the white dividual Africans. The Government intends been linked by an unwritten desire to trade central panel of the flag and shone a bright to hold discussions with the Missions to freely and make profits. April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12633 "Without doubt, much of the credit for the Security Council of the United Nations of Congress. As a practical matter, it undermining the sanctions war being waged declared the situation in Southern Rhodesia would allow small wholesale firms, which against us must go to the international body a threat to international peace and security must now operate under inspection, to of men who · operate as individuals yet in and imposed selective mandatory economic set up a retail counter and thereby avoid terms of a common ideal. sanctions in an effort to induce the Smith inspection. "They do not consciously belong to one regime to negotiate a peaceful settlement of Existing retailers could increase their great organization but they all, irrespective the problem. In May 1968 the Security Coun of their other many and varied affiliations, cil unanimously reaffirmed its earlier action wholesale business to 49 percent of their believe in their right to trade with each and decided to make the sanctions oompre total business, all without inspection. other irrespective of racial or political dif hensive. The restrietions on our imports of It is likely that hundreds of new firms ferences. Rhodesian chrome are derived from those would open up with a nominal retail Many countries, including Rhodesia, re United Nations Security Council s'S.Ilctions counter, which would really be wholesale spected and honoured this international un resolutions. The effects of these restrictions businesses operating without inspection derstanding and afforded the same con on U.S. firms and the overall chrome sup in order to avoid the act which Congress sideration to goods passing through their ply situation ls kept under continuing re territories from one country to another as view. passed. they gave their own commodities passing We have viewed this issue in the context of Many of the protective aspects of the within the country from Point A to B. the President's statement in his Foreign present law would be abolished as they It was accepted that there were countries Policy Report to the Congress: pertain to hospitals, restaurants, and who were not quite so scrupulous in their "Clearly, there ls no question of the United other institutions. dealing with goods that did not belong to States condoning, or acquiescing in, the ra We could not insure the proper label them and, through either inefficiency or cial policies of the white-ruled regimes. For ing of ingredients in ground meat prod spite, created delays which resulted in the moral as well as historical reasons, the wastage of perishables urgently required United States stands for the principles of ucts to show the use of cheap substitutes elsewhere. But this did not undermine the racial equality and self-determination." such as soy protein. basic righteousness of the system. You may be assured that the decision to We could not be certain that hearts, "There are those who will continually en close our Consular office in Salisbury was lips, lungs, and other offal products are deavour through a basic lack of knowledge, to taken after very careful consideration of all not used in ground beef. destroy the lives of others, either by way of relevant factors and in pursuit of the over We could not control fat limits. economic or political means, in much the all interests and objectives of the United We could not insure against the use of same way as many are trying to destroy Rho- States. We have taken steps to insure that unapproved preservatives such as sodium desia. at present. . consular services to our citizens residing in "I am convinced that there will be many Rhodesia will be provided through posts in benzoate. who will endeavour for this same lack of neighboring countries. We could not insure against the use of knowledge, to undermine the appeal that has I hope that this explanation is helpful to otherwise stale meat for grinding where been made by the Rotary International you. If there ls further information you de its staleness can be better disguised, President. sire, I shall try to be of assistance. especially when sold as meat patties. "The only way of countering this cancer With warm regard, There would be no supervision of which is spreading throughout the nations Sincerely, cleaning to insure sanitary conditions of the world is by an honest attempt to WILLIAM E. TIMMONS, appropriate to food handling establish understand the other person's point of view." Assistant to the President. ments. Inadequate cleaning attracts rodents and initiates infections. THE WHITE HOUSE , We could not force a cleanup after Washington, D.C., April 7, 1970. cutting or grinding pork, which can con Hon. JOHN R. RARICK, WHOLESOME MEAT ACT House of Representatives, taminate beef with trichinae which can Washington, D.C. be transferred to consumers when they DEAR JOHN: The President has asked that HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER eat rare beef. Salmonella poisoning can I reply further to your letter of March 11, OF CALIFORNIA be similarly transferred to beef from in which you were joined by 76 of your col IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES poultry. leagues, commenting on our relations with We could not be certain that grinding Rhodesia and our decision to close the Con Tuesday, April 21, 1970 sulate in Salisbury. We appreciate this op machines are washed every few hours portunity to explain our action. Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, a few when operated at room temperature. We have repeatedly made clear that the years ago Congress passed the Whole We could not guarantee against failure United States regards the United Kingdom some Meat Act in an effort to assure to segregate raw meat from cooked meat as the legal sovereign in Southern Rhodesia . the consuming public that only clean items, thus causing contamination of the We indicated that when the Rhodesians es and healthful meat would be offered for cooked items. tablished a republic we would review the sale. Now it appears that there is danger We could not guarantee against failure status of our Consular office. On March 2 , that congressional intent will be by to maintain adequate standards for de 1970, the Rhodesian authorities implemented livery equipment. Many retailers use the new Constitution which substituted a passed and a serious loophole created President for the Queen as head of state, which will allow major marketers of open trucks and station wagons which intending a formal and final break with the meat products to avoid inspection. receive very little cleaning. United Kingdom and formal establishment Section 30lUnited States Navy, and his travel to The most drama.tic space flight in history HON. DON EDWARDS this country is at Greek expense. His visit is ended yesterday with the safe return of Apol OF CALIFORNIA part of a continuing program in which the leaders of foreign navies sharing mutual lo 13's crew. For three-and-a-half days all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES three astronauts had lived at the brink of defense interests with the United States death in a crippled vehicle whose reserves Tuesday, April 21, 1970 make official visits to this country. Since were so near exhaustion that it had margin March 1968, fifteen Chiefs of foreign navies Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. have visited the United States in connection neit her for human error nor for further mal Speaker, today marks the third anniver with this program. functioning of its equipment. I n this perilous condition, Lovell, Swigert sary of the putsch that swept away con The United States Navy has enjoyed for and liaise nevertheless swung around the stitutional government in Greece and many years an amicable and cooperative as moon and traveled about 300,000 miles to replaced it with the military rule of sociation with the Hellenic Navy. As a par make their perfect splashdown. This almost Colonel Papadopoulos and his junta. ticipating member of the NATO alliance, incredible feat would have been impossible Three years after the event we can see the Hellenic Navy makes a significant con were it not for the steady nerves, courage tribution to the defense of the southern where their reassurances of a speedy re flank of NATO. Our Navy personnel con and great skill of the astronauts themselves, turn to democracy have led. and the smooth functioning of the vast NASA sistently have been cordially received by network whose teams of experts performed Within recent weeks, 27 Greeks have both the Hellenic Navy and the Greek peo miracles of emergency improvisation. been convicted of sedition and sen ple during visits of our Sixth Fleet ships Only in a formal sense, Apollo 13 will go tenced to terms of up to life in prison. to Greek ports. into history as a failure. It did not place a The evidence suggests torture was used These contributions of the Hellenic Navy landing party on the Fra Mauro hills as plan to extract confessions from some of serve to enhance the defense posture of our ned nor did it bring back the eagerly awaited them. At the same time, publishers of the own country. A continued spirit of coopera soil and rock samples from the lunar high tion between the U.S. Navy and the Hellenic Athens newspaper Ethnos were heavily Navy serves the best interests of that pos lands. However, Apollo 13 's boost er rocket fined and imprisoned and the newspaper was sent crashing into the moon on sched ture. The visit of Vice Admiral Margaritis ule, and that did produce some useful and forced to close after they published an is a part of that cooperative endeavor. important scientific data. article calling for a return to democ Sincerely yours, But in a larger sense, Apollo 13's flight was racy. That same week, 15 nations of the JOHN H. CHAFEE. enormously productive. The emergency Council of Europe released a report that If I am not mistaken, the purpose which so gravely endangered its crew turned "torture and ill treatment" of political this flight into a crucial-though unin of NATO was to preserve freedom in prisoners in Greece is commonplace. Western Europe. Mr. Chafee's letter sug tended-experiment in space rescue. Apollo In light of these recent developments, 13 was the first space ship to be permanently gests that is not the case. It suggests disabled in midcourse, but it assuredly will the renewed assurances by Papadopoulos that we do not distinguish between free not be the last. The lessons learned from that he will relax military rule and re nations and totalitarian regimes. It this near-disaster will help save spacefarers store the rights of individuals sound as suggests that we extend our friendship who are still unborn. And Apollo 13's ordeal hollow as the same assurances proved to any government, however hostile it must raise more insistently than ever the to be when they were first offered 3 years may be to our ideals of freedom and de question of creating an international space ago. It would appear that the regime is rescue organization with the rockets, crews mocracy, if some military advantage becoming more, not less repressive as may accrue from the relationship. If this and other necessities required to give aid time goes on. to distressed travelers in space. is not the case with regard to Greece, Now that Lovell, liaise and Swigert are All of this is distressing enough to any it is incumbent on our Nation's leaders back safely, the first priority is an investiga one acquainted with the tragic history of to make clear their position before the tion of the cause of the explosion that al the Greek people and their passionate world. Their continued silence can only most brought disaster. Was Apollo 13 the love of freedom. But for Americans it be interpreted as approval of what is victim of a most improbable collision with a should be doubly distressing, because the going on there. meteroroid, or was their an equipment mal Papadopoulos regime could not survive function born of some mistake in manufac without the continued support of our ture or installation? Fortunately, the astro nauts were able to see and photograph the Government. While our military assist SECRETARIES WEEK-APRIL 19-25 effects of the explosion, thus obtaining valu ance to Greece has been reduced, it con able information for those who will scru tinues in a steady flow of surplus ma tinize the mishap intensively in the days terials, including warships. HON. JAMES F. HASTINGS ahead. Just as damning as the military ai.d OF NEW YORK In the most general sense, the chief result is our continuing unseemly cordia.Iity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Apollo 13 has been to alter sharply the toward the leaders of the regime. While Tuesday, April 21, 1970 entire atmosphere of the lunar exploration the above e7ents were in progress, Greek effort. From the first Apollo 8 flight around democrats were dismayed by the arrival Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, this is the moon at Christmas 1968, all the Apollo Secretaries Week and I should like to missions were fantastically successful until in Piraeus of several ships of the U.S. last Monday. Apollos 8 to 12 wrote the most 6th Fleet. At the same time, the society take this opportunity to pay a very warm brilliant chapters of manned space explora pages of a Washington newspaper re and deserved t ribute to these wonderful tion; yet their fantastically complex and ported on the gala reception being plan people without whom I am sure we would dangerous missions were successful only be ned for the chief of the Greek Navy. In not be able to function. They serve with cause tl'leir organizers established a level of my concern, I wired the Secretaries of quiet efficiency, dedication, and superb vigilance and care never before approached State, Defense, and Navy to object. I re- skill, contributing in great abundance to in any major human project. The quality of the well-ordered operation of any office. the preparation and the superb skills de ceived the following reply from Mr. Chafee, Secretary of the Navy: They are an integral part of every busi manded in flight were dramatically illus ness, industry, and profession. trated by the very fact that-despite the acci APRIL 14, 1970. dent-the three astronauts of Apollo 13 were Hon. DON EDWARDS, Mrs. Hope W. Piper, chairman of the able to return safely home. House of Representatives, Secretaries Week Publicity Committee, Now, both specialists and laymen have Washington, D.C. District of Columbia Chapter of NSA, been rudely reminded that a trip to the DEAR MR. EowARDS: Both Secretary Laird International, has provided me with some moon is not routine. Any assumption that it and I have received your telegram regarding material regarding the week-long observ will go oft' preciself' as planned can only be your concern over the visit to the United ance, which is keyed to the theme "Bet- April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12635 ter Secretaries Mean Better Business." who possesses a mastery of office skills, who the "round-off fr;tcitions" of cents in the in Under leave to extend my remarks in demonstrates the ability to assume responsi terest calculations of every depositor to an bility without supervision, who exercises in aocount maintained under a fictitious name. the RECORD, I should like to include the i tative and judgment, and who makes de He was able to withdraw large sums of money following: cisions within the scope of assigned au before he was detected. FOR ALL SECRETARIES thority.' Yet as far as internal securLty is con "Better Secretaries Mean Better Business" "One of the primary moves management cerned, losses from fraud are minuscule com is the theme of the nineteenth consecutive can make toward eliminating the secretarial pared with honest mistakes resulting from annual Secretaries Week, April 19-25, 1970. shortage," Miss Stronach says, "is to put pri programing errors. The Un11ted States Army Wednesday, April 22, is designated Secre ority on defining the scope of the secretary's had a loss of more than $100 million when taries Day. authority on more liberal terms. Then, to over a period of years a computer program Governors and mayors throughout the gether, we can work out of the stigmatic, covering cert ain family allotment checks United States will officially proclaim Secre unbalanced atmosphere of the current sel failed t o provide for cancella:tion of p ayments taries Week, and their counterparts in lers' market for secretaries." after the men had left t.he service. Canada will do the same. For the seventh AW ARE OF DANGERS straight year, the Outdoor Advertising Asso Business and government h ave become in ciation has undertaken Secretaries Week as COMPUTER CONTROLS A MUST creasingly a>ware Of the dangers from lack of a public service project, and billboards will audi.:t and control techniques, but, as yet, be made available throughout the country. most companies have not been ruble to de Many Chambers of Commerce also observe velop the systems they need to protect Secretaries Week, and service clubs such as HON. JOHN M. MURPHY themselves. Rotary, Lions, and Kiwanis frequently invite OF NEW YORK One reason for the gap between desire and secretaries to participate in special programs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES performance is that most traditional audit The purpose of Secretaries Week is to bring ing personnel have no knowledge of com recognition to secretaries for the vital role Tuesday, April 21, 1970 puters while most comput er personnel are they play in business, industry, education, Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr ~ ignorant of auditing requirements, accord government, and the professions. Secretaries Speaker, I would like to call your atten ing to Joseph J. Wasserman, president of Week was originated in 1952 by The National Computer Audit Systems, Inc. Mr. Wasser Secretaries Associa.tion (International) in tion to a recent article in the business man, who had been manager of audit de cooperation with the U.S . Department of and financial section of the New York velopment for the Bell Telephone Labora Commerce to draw attention to the secre Times. tories, is one of the pioneers in developing tary's contribution to the educational, pro This article, based on an interview with techniques in the field. fessional, and civic growth of the com Joseph J. Wasserman, president of Com Many of the traditional accounting and munity. It also serves to remind secretaries puter Audit Systems, Inc., of East management consulting concerns have also of their responsibilities to their employers Orange, N.J., calls attention to the need developed audit and control methods but and to their profession. for computer controls; this article is par implementing them with clients has pr~ent Many secretaries also will participate in ed some problems because of the conflict be secretarial seminars. Only through perform ticularly timely in view of the growing use tween old methods and new machines. ance can secretaries command respect from of computers in virtually every phase of Mr. Wasserman contends that many com superiors, colleagues, and subordinates, says business and government and in light of panies have eliminated traditional controls NSA's International President, Bertha J. our Government's plan to establish a for checking human calculations because Stronach, CPS, who is secretary and senior National Data Bank. "computers don't make mistakes." But he staff assistant to L. M. Collins, Manager of Mr. Wasserman and his organization noted, "Humans program computers, and Educational Marketing Programs, IBM, New are to be commended for the leadership humans do make mistakes." York. A good place to start in the control of and the foresight they have displayed in computer operations is keeping unauthor "Admittedly, secretaries are in a sellers' developing computer audit programs market," Miss Stronach says. "With the ever ized personnel and visitors out of the com adjusting law of supply and demand in the which will have a very beneficial impact puter room. Companies that consider their labor market, we have to be on guard against on our economy. Under the leave to ex computer installations to be showplaces, the erosion of the secretarial 'image' that will tend my remarks in the RECORD, I include welcoming visitors are inviting disaster, ac ultima.tely come from any compromise of the following excellent story by William cording to Mr. Wasserman. the standards we are committed to elevate. D. Smith from the New York Times: He contends that a simple, but not always When and if the pendulum swings to a buy followed, technique is to keep back-up files CONTROLS HAVEN'T CAUGHT UP TO BOOM IN for all important information at a totally ers' market, we don't want to be remembered COMPUTERS from the difficult days of the so-called secre separate place in case of fire or other disaster. tarial shortage. (By William D. Smith) He points out that in pre-computer days New York erupted into a frenzied, sponta only certain people could officially change "On every side, management bewails the records, but today many major companies fact that secretaries are in short supply and neous shower of ticker tape and paper last year when the bumbling, beloved Mets be still have no control over programers, allow that they are having to settle for minimal job ing them access to all programs. fulfillment at maximal salary levels. Yet, came the World Champions of baseball. some of the same management att empts to When the celebration had passed, many "Only one person or operating group should recruit from weakness rather than strength businessmen awoke to a horrible hangover be responsible for an operation at any one and to offer lures that can only be termed brought on by the fact that enthusiastic em time. Ideally, this means drawi-ng lines be frivolous when applied to a business environ ployes had tossed valuable computer tape and tween the employes who authorize a trans ment. Naturally, we favor appropriate fringe punched cards out office windows in tribute action and produce the output for reports or benefits in the form of adequate paid to their heroes. other management purposes. Don't ever let vacations, hospital and retirement insurance Irreplaceable payroll, inventory and ac one man or group of men follow a transaction plans, and profit-sharing programs. But counts receivable records joined the tons of through from beginning to end," he warned. non-job-related inducements such as a day useless ticker tape as fodder for the city's Mr. Wasserman advocates building the at the races, a night at the theater, or un garbage trucks. audit and control techniques into the com puter system from the ground up. "In the earned vacations are not what makes a pro STILL AN ADOLESCENT !essional secretary job happy. past, people just wanted to know what the Before the advent of the computer, valu computer could do without any thoughts One major incentive to a secretary, Miss able records would have been protected from Stronach notes, is job satisfaction, as has about controlling it," he observed. "Now the irresponsible hands by established praictices sophisticated users have become aware been demonstrated by NSA research, al of audit and control. The computer however, though it does not necessarily follow that a that preventing the computer from doing is only in its adolescence as a. business tool, certain things is also important." successful secretary is satisfied with her and audit and control techniques for the job or that a secretary who is satisfied with computer are in their infancy. her job is successful. Employe irresponsibility in the face of a FALSE REPORTS "A satisfied secretary," she says, "is one baseball victory is perhaps a once-in-a-life who is given a challenge and can make a time occurrence, but the danger to business vital contribution to an integral part of the from laick Of control over computei: activities HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN over-all business at hand. When such chal is a day-to-day sirtuation. OF MARYLAND lenge is offered along with room for ad Inadequate control over business com vancement, there is a qualified secretary who puters opens the door to fraud and embezzle- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be attracted to and remain happy in the ment that can cost companies thousands and Tuesday, April 21, 1970 position. The key points of what a secretary millions of dollars. Because no proper cOin expects to measure up to are found in NSA's puter aud1t system was available, a pro Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, the news own definition of a secretary: 'A secretary gramer in a Mid-Western bank was able to media has become famous-or infa shall be defined as an executive assistant alter a savings account program to transfer mous as the case may be-for devoting 12636 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 many inches of newsprint to the sensa COMMONSENSE APPLIED TO ENVI Let's examine some of the background and tional activities of that small, but vocif RONMENT QUESTION logic of this trend of thought. To begin with, erous, minority who oppose the tradi a number of events, many revelations and tional value of the so-called establish still more forecasts have combined in recent ment. HON. ED EDMON.OSON years to engender a strong public attitude OF OKLAHOMA about growth and the environment. I would like to call the attention of my The population explosion has become a colleagues to a di:f!erent kind of message IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major topic of discussion and a source of which is not often found in newspapers Tuesday, April 21, 1970 alarm as new Malthusian statistics are these days. The Christian Science Mon brought to public attention and the crowded itor on April 7 printed an editorial, en Mr. EDMUNDSON. Mr. Speaker, the conditions of our stressful urban life--With titled "False Reports," which tells it like members of the Southern Interstate Nu their growing number of riots, crimes, acci clear Board and a number of interested dents, etc.-seem to back up the doomsday it really is. feeling behind them. Particularly this week, we again have Oklahomans were treated Monday eve ning to an authoritative commonsense Industrial production figures--once unani evidence that our youth have not been assessment of American's energy needs mously considered as an indication of human so disillusioned with the system that they progress-are now viewed by many with ap have lost their humanitarianism. Hun with relationship to protection of our prehension and alarm as the impact of in dreds of thousands of high school and environment. dustrial growth on the environment is college students will this week partici The assessment came in a speech to stressed over the positive effect of the prod pate in activities to engender concern for the Interstate Board, meeting at Foun ucts produced. Increasing environmental deg the environment. Cleanup projects and tainhead Lodge on the shore of Okla radation, dwindling natural resources and homa's Eufaula Reservoir, by Dr. Glenn mounting waste are singled out as effects of teach-ins will be the priority item on a groWing Gros.s National Product (GNP). Earth Day, April 22. T. Seaborg, chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Instead of looking forward to a tr1llion dol Mr. Speaker, I fail to see why more lar GNP, there are those who see it only as newspapers cannot follow the lead of Dr. Seaborg's remarks were entitled, a forecast of ecological disaster, who demand the Christian Science Monitor and "Energy and Environment--A Rational that we reverse our economic trends and praise the youths who are constructively Outlook." Dr. Seaborg frankly discussed seek to establish not only a zero population furthering the cause of humanity. the national emotionalism which has growth rate but a zero economic growth rate I insert the editorial at this point in grown out of the current activities aimed as well. the RECORD: at protecting the environment, particu And in addition, man's latest technologi larly the broadside attacks on the busi cal triumph-his journey to the moon and FALSE REPORTS ness of producing energy. He also took a much of the information obtained from it- What do people feel 1s to be gained by ls being used by anti-technologists to argue spreading half-truths and exaggerations realistic look at the energy requirements against further technological developments about youth? What do they feel can be won of the United States in the years to come. here on earth. The full view of this beauti by handing those who now criticize the news Against this background, Dr. Seaborg ful blue and green planet, apparently the and information media new ammunition? stated a strong and rational conclusion only heavenly body covered With life in mil Why should youth trust an older generation that production of energy and protec lions-most likely billions or trillions--0f which, either through ignorance or commer tion of the environment can both be ac~ miles o'f black space, offers a most effective cial desire, works youth an ill? complished. argument against any forces that might up These questions arose in our mind as we This excellent speech was the fitting set the delicate mechanism responsible for read the following statement in a news sustaining that precious life. release publicizing the spring, 1970, issue climax of a day which saw the dedication I throw all this trend of thinking at you of a high-cost, slick-paper magazine. It reads, of a major new industry in eastern Ok all these devastating attitudes and the harsh "As the 1970's begin, the liberal, rational, lahoma-a uranium processing plant questions they raise--all at once not merely humanitarian way of thought that has per built by Kerr-McGee Corp.-with par to be perverse or send you all home with in sisted for several centuries is on the way out. ticipation by two of the great Members digestion after this fine banquet. I do it to Today's younger generation finds mysticism of this body, Chairman WAYNE ASPINALL give you the feeling of the tide of action and superior to rationalism, communication by and Chairman CHET HOLIFIELD. reaction that is sweeping a good part of this touch superior to speech, living with ani country today. This, I believe, is a prevailing mals more rewarding than living with people, Mr. Speaker, I would like to have Dr. and groWing climate of opinion we are going ecstasy induced by drugs or fasting or music Seaborg's speech made a part of the to be living with, not just during the day of superior to self-control." RECORD, and I commend it to my col the Environmental Teach-In but for some Let us begin by stating that we look upon leagues as an outstanding example of time. And what is most disturbing to me such a judgment as a gross exaggeration and commonsense. a.bout it is that this trend of thinking is injustice in at least two directions. The The speech follows: filled With enough logic and truth to sug first 1s that it includes all youth in its em gest that many of the nightmares projected brace. The second is that it gives a half ENERGY AND ENVIBONMENT-A RATIONAL by today's doomsayers could come true- baked picture of the direction in which youth OUTLOOK if we were to continue unresponsively and as a whole seems to be moving. (By Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg) irresponsibly on our current course. That ls Even if we confine ourself to that pro With so much that seems irrational in our a very big if which I plan to deal With in a portionately small segment of youth which is world today perhaps I am foolhardly to at moment. But first let me continue the thrust most active in questioning today's inherited tempt to speak on a rational outlook on of the pessimistic argument, relating it now values, we by no means find that the ma energy and environment. When discussed to the role of energy. jority are copping out, placing vague mysti separately these subjects--energy and en Looking at energy strictly in terms df the cism above rationality or reason, or avoiding vironment---seem to evoke some fairly emo villain that some see it, what has been said their fellow human beings in favor of ani tional responses from many people. When ap about it? Just as energy is the basis of our mals. And to imply that this is true of all proached together they often have the effect groWing economy and affluence, so is it the youth is the height of irresponsibility. of creating their own "critical mass" in terms root of all our environmental evils. It is Where is the persuasive evidence that to of a public reaction. In spite of all this (and cheap, ubiquitous power that allows us to day's youth ls turning away from humani knoWing my audience this evening) I feel mutilate our landscape, devour our natural tarianism. On the contrary, and notwith pretty daring (more honestly, secure), so to resources, manufacture wasteful and waste standing the overenthusiasm and lack of ex paraphrase a familiar expression I say "Come, producing products (that must be forced on perience which sometimes accompany youth's let us reason together" about this matter of us by advertising), to congest our cities, to protests, we doubt if there was ever a young energy and the environment. assault our ears, poison our air and befoul our generation more sincerely interested in help As a point of departure for my discussion water. In addition (and let me emphasize ing mankind and society, thereby demon I would like to refer to an important event that I am still paraphrasing others' think strating true humanitarianism. coming up in the next two days and to some ing) energy itself is responsible directly for Such accusations against youth are an ex of the thinking that has preceded and will no much of our ecological disaster. ample of missing the forest because of a few doubt pervade that event. What I am re If you believe I am exaggerating the anti trees. It cannot be denied that the increased ferring to is the national "Environmental energy feeling being engendered today-and tempo, the greater nervousness, the speed of Teach-In" that will be taking place on April particularly among the young people who various kinds of permissiveness, the prob 22 across the country. The general tenor of will be the most involved in the Environmen lems which rack contemporary society have the thinking I have in mind is the philosophy tal Teach-In in the next two days-let me produced a higher degree of alienation among that all additional growth in our newly rec quote directly from "The Environmental youth than formerly. But we a.re convinced ognized limited environment 1s essentially Handbook," a best selling item prepared for that the great majority of young people, re destructive--suicidal-and that the release the teach-in by a leading conservationist or gardless of higher hemlines and lower hair of any additional energy in support of that ganization. Here is how the section titled lines, are still hard-headed and ha.rd-work growth can only hasten the demise of man "Energy" begins: ing. To say otherwise is no service to anyone. and the biosphere. All power pollutes. April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12637 Each of the major forms of power genera areas and the natural environment. The basic But arguing the extremes-resorting to tion does its own kind of harm to the en intentions of such groups may be fine but the "excluded middle" approach-in discuss vironment. Fossil fuels--0oal and oil-pro are they weighing all the consequences of ing living standards and the relationship of duce smoke and sulfur dioxide at worst; their actions? The delay of certain generating energy to our environment is actually mis even under ideal conditions they convert facilities could result in blackouts and leading and harmful. We are not faced with oxygen to carbon dioxide. Hydroelectric brownouts in the urban areas depending on an either-or situation in the use of resources power requires dams that cover up land, that increase in power. To those areas such and energy as many would have us believe. spoil wild rivers, increase water loss by evap power is a vital element-the llfeblood--of And at this point I want to present some oration, and eventually produce valleys full its man-made ecology. The results of a thoughts that lead me to believe that we of silt. Nuclear power plants produce thermal power loss or reduction in those cities might can and will find and follow a reasonable and radioactive pollution and introduce the range from an occasional nuisance to a seri path in the coming years to allow us to grow probability of disaster. ous problem. To avoid being accused of in many ways and yet remain compatible We are often told that it is essential to "scaremongering" I will not go into detail with our natural environment. increase the amount of energy we use in on those problems. It does not take much The first thought I have is that, prompted order to meet demand. This "demand," we imagination to figure them out. by our present recognition of, and concern are told, must be met in order to increase or But the point I want to stress is that the over, environmental problems, we are going maintain our "standard of living." What protesting groups who delay power plant to see a vast restructuring in our approach these statements mean is that if population construction and expose the public that to using energy and resources. The old In continues to increase, and if per capita power needs that power to potential problems which dustrial Age approach of applying every tech continues to increase as in the past, then range from minor inconveniences to extreme nological development to the hilt is drawing power generation facilities must be increased dangers are often foisting their own value to a close. In its place we are going to see a indefinitely. judgments on a larger segment of their fel whole new philosophy of development--one Such statements ignore the environmental low citizens. Such protesting groups must be that is based on wide systemization, great consequences of building more and more responsible to those other citizens. They must efficiency, recycle and a balancing of power generation facilities. They ignore the either make the case successfully for their economic and environmental relations. And, destruction of wild rivers by dams, the air reduced use of electric power and inaugurate I must add, one that has a highly human pollution by power plants, the increasing the acceptable "load shedding" that might orientation. In this regard there is no doubt danger of disease and disaster from nuclear allow eventually for fewer power plants to that Technological Assessment is an idea power facilities. be built, or they must work cooperatively whose time has come. I also have the feeling, These effects can no longer be ignored, but with the electric utility to find alternate based on observing many of our young people must be directly confronted. The perpetually methods or sites that would supply the today and the "counter culture" a number accelerating expansion of power output is not needed power with the least harmful en of them are pursuing, that we will see a shift necessary. vironmental impact. I think this can be in many values and a corresponding change Having gotten off to this strong start the done-I think it must be done-in the fu in our use of technologies. author continues his indictment of power by ture, and the sooner the better. We must Changes involving all these aspects of what elaborating on such things as the growing find public methods of evaluating and bal has been referred to as our "Post-Industrial per capita use of power, the evils of the ancing the needs of the natural environ Age" are beginning to happen today and present-day automobile and the possible ef ment with that of the man-made environ their implementation and effects will grow fects of the buildup of C02 in the atmos ment. Obviously we live in both and cannot and be felt increasingly in the years ahead. phere. He concludes with the suggestion that ignore either. The effects of all this on our use of energy "one goal of the environmental movement In line with what I have said a.bout power will, of course, be significant. For one thing, 3hould be the reduction of total energy use needs and some of the diverse opinions being I believe it will eventually reduce the growth in this country by 25 percent over the next expressed on this today, let me discuss a few rate of energy use. For example, the doubling decade." And as a few steps toward this goal ideas that I think must be aired today fully of electric capacity demand every ten years he urges that we press for more public trans and frankly. is not going to continue indefinitely even portation and more bicycles and walking It must be stressed that the economic rela with electricity capturing a larger share of paths as well as changing the price system tionship between energy and our man-made the total energy market. Greater efficiency for power use to encourage decreasing the environment cannot be overlooked. Many of and the miniaturization of many tech consumption of electricity. Again there is our younger environmental enthusiasts tend nologies will be responsible for allowing us a mixture of thinking and ideas here that to ignore the fact that by far the larger por to accomplish more with less energy. And in one can neither dismiss dogmatically nor tion of our total energy goes to industry and technologies where more energy may be accept wholeheartedly. transportation, not to residential use. Any used-as will be the case in its application But having presented some of the general cutback in the use of energy in those sectors for materials recycling-we will have the feeling that all these ideas convey, I want which affects production so that employment trade-off of an environment free from the to go back now and rethink with you some is also affected can play havoc with people's pollution of solid waste as well as a limiting of these broad concepts and many specific livelihoods. This is another human factor in of the drain on many natural resources. points. volved with energy that must be weighed by What about the thinking to which I re Let me begin with some straightforward those who believe our energy systems can just ferred earlier in my remarks-that all power observations that do run counter to much be turned off or on, or up or down, at will. pollutes, and that the environmental effects of the pessimistic thinking I have reviewed. I point this out not to show we are in the of growing power demands are ignored? First of all let me make clear, to those who grip of some technological system that we Neither of these assumptions is fully true or do not realize it, that energy is the source cannot control-this is an argument fre justified today and both will have decreasing of all life and that man's use of energy quently heard today too-but again to make validity in the future. Pollution must be throughout the ages has done far more to those whose sense of urgency to save the en viewed as a relative term and we cannot say advance the human race, to uplift man in vironment is overwhelming realize that there that all power pollutes any more than we can body and spirit, than it has to harm either are human and environmental aspects to say that all life or all nature pollutes. Every man or his environment. As not too long ago economics that they cannot ignore. This is release of waste material or energy does not I devoted an entire speech-"The Human an unpopular argument with many-for rea constitute pollution. Furthermore, today Side of Energy"-to this very subject I am sons that will probably be clearer as I pro right now-hundreds of government, in not going to defend that premise in detail ceed-but it is the kind of painful truth that dustrial and research organizations are en here tonight. However, I would like to offer sooner or later must be recognized. And I gaged in a vast number of studies and active the observation that man's use of energy, have a feeling that as soon as it is more programs that will lead to increased control like his use of many things, is subject to broadly appreciated, when we start to factor over the environmental effects of producing something akin to the "Law of Diminishing into our economic system the costs for a power and find many alternatives to energy Returns" and when his unwise or excessive clean environment and provide economic in sources that are harmful at present. use of it results in feedback that tells him centives for achieving it, we may make much What are some of the results we may ex to reduce his use of energy or use it in other more progress than we are now. pect from these varied efforts? ways, he will do so. Today through our en One subject that I can only touch on this vironmental problems and from other sources evening but which is going to be widely de I think we will see a cleaner burning in we are getting such feedback, and I think bated in the days ahead is, how much power ternal combustion engine using fuel that re we are reacting to it. do we really need? And this boils down fur leases less pollutant.s. And coinciding with ther to a question of the relationship of our this will be a shift to other modes of trans But in addition to the question of reacting portation-mass transit, fuel cell- or electric in time and in proper measure to such prob energy level to our standard of living. As I lems, which I will cover later, there is also indicated before, there is a school of opinion powered vehicles and more cycling and walk the question of overreacting, which also among today's environmentalists which sees ing-that will have many beneficial effects on poses many great dangers. Let me offer some our high standard of living as a major vil our environment. specific examples of this. lain, and those of this school often make I think we wm see a measurable success The first that comes to mind is the delay their case by showing the per capita con in the work of reducing certain contami in the construction of currently necessary sumption of resources and expenditure of nants, such as sulfur dioxide and particulate electric generating facllities caused by the energy of a U.S. citizen and comparing them matter from fossll fuels. protest of various public groups concerned with those of a citizen of a lesser developed I think we will see the thermal effects of with conservation, the preservation of scenic country. Naturally, the contrast is startling. steam generating plants on the environ- 12638 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 ment more fully understood and dealt with. While some people believe that changes One of the most heartening aspects of And this will involve the use of good na might result from the extensive review, oth tional and regional plans for the siting of ers feel that the current standards will re the current movement is the involvement such plants. Probably such siting plans, ceive a clean bill of health. In either case of our young people in our colleges and which should be formulated and put into I believe that nuclear power plants, as they our high schools. Here is an issue which effect as soon as we feel confident we have are operating today and will operate in the they have come to understand as well the necessary knowledge, will go beyond the future, will be found environmentally safe as-in some cases better than-their consideration of thermal effects and take and desirable. elders. into full account the preservation of scenic The most important basis for their desira There is a pertinent lesson on this sub areas and wildlife and other aesthetic con bility must be in their comparison with siderations. Technological innovations now other methods of generating electricity ject in connection with last week's under development, such as cryogenic cables primarily coal, since it is the chief competi aborted flight into space of Apollo 13. capable of carrying huge loads of electricity tor of nuclear power. In such a comparison All of us prayed for the safe return of over very long distances, will be most help there can be no doubt that nuclear power the brave astronauts after the major ful in making such plant siting possible. comes out looking like Mr. Clean. One has breakdown of their equipment. Finally, I think the growth of nuclear only to examine the statistics on air pollu Thankfully, they returned safely-a power will play a significant role in giving tion to realize the advantages of a fission tribute to the skill of both the men in us more power with less environmental pol plant over a fossil fueled one. The estimated lution. And I would like to elaborate briefly annual cost of the adverse effects of air pol the spacecraft and those thousands of on this subject since it is one of major lution in the U.S. is now about $15 billion. individuals on the ground in stations interest to this audience. And this does not include the human costs around the world. As I am sure you know, the growth of of illness and death resulting from respira The lesson I would cite regarding nuclear power, which has taken hold eco tory ailments such as lung cancer and em Apollo 13 is that the crisis involved a nomically only in recent years, has come physema. A major factor in such air pollu breakdown in their equipment providing under fire recently on environmental tion is the sulfur dioxide released from fos them with the manmade environment for grounds. Some of our critics tell us, as if to sil-fueled plants. Such plants are responsible humans in space flight. Suddenly, there assuage our unhappiness, that we should for about three-quarters of the 35 million was massive failure of their system for not take it too personally, that nuclear power tons of S02 now released annually in the is just one of many forces caught in this U.S.-and this figure may well rise to about providing life-maintaining oxygen and historic period of environmental concern. 95 million tons annually by 1990. Fortu water. Some of the same critics also admit that nately, a shift toward nuclear power will Their environment in the space vehicle in their assaults on nuclear power they are help to alleviate this problem as well as those was rapidly deteriorating. With counsel resorting to a bit of "overkill" to drive home associated with other combusion products .. from their earthbound partners, jerry their points--particularly to the public. Cer Of course there are a number of other built adaptations and strict conserva tainly it is regrettable that both these con environmental advantages of nuclear pow tion of remaining resources, the astro ditions exist. But I somehow feel they will er-the more aesthetic appearance of the nauts made it home. not turn out to be all bad. Much of the en plant, the absence of the traffic, noise and vironmental controversy now raging will eyesores associated with the hauling, dump Each day, our air and water here on have a positive effect on the growth of ing and storage of ooal and the removal of earth are being polluted to an ever nuclear power, which I believe, when the ash. I know you are familiar with these increasing degree. There have been many smoke clears, will come out better than comparisons so I am not going to take time efforts by many levels of government ever. As I indicated before, we must and we to review them in detail. But all this leads and by many concerned groups and in will solve the problems involved with thermal me to believe that in the final analysis nu dividual citizens. But these efforts have effects of all steam generating plants. A va clear power is going to make a major contri not yet been enough. The contamination riety of solutions already exists. It is mainly bution toward our efforts to balance our is increasing faster than the corrective a question of bringing them and new al needs for energy with those for a healthy ternat ives-including ways to put the waste environment. steps can take hold. heat to beneficial use--before the public and How we use the power we will be able I have given and am giving full sup making clear what considerations and costs to draw in abundance from the atom-from port to antipollution and associated are involved in balancing their need for today's light water reactors, from tomorrow's efforts dealing with our environment electricity with their need for a healthy en advanced converters and fast breeders and both on the national and local front. I vironment. hopefully someday from controlled fusion shall continue to lend my full support. Relating to matters having to do with should not depend merely on the amount of Mr. Speaker, the job of saving our en radioactive effiuents there are a variety of power available or even how economic it be comes. We will have to be wiser than that. vironment is a huge job. It is one in considerations. All the discussions on radi which we all must join together because ation standards notwithstanding, I believe Other values-human values--will ultimate that nuclear power is by far the safest and ly determine how and to what use we put it is only through united effort that we most environmentally advantageous method this great energy. I have a feeling though, are going to be able to get ahead of the of generating electricity we have today, and that we, and this new generation which is current process of deterioration. in this regard it will continue to improve. so rightfully concerned with these problems, Clearly it is a national issue which is As you all know, the radiation exposures will more than meet the challenges posed bringing together folks in all walks of for the general public are such that the aver today by the confrontations that have re life. Awareness of the problem is the age person receives much less radiation from sulted between our technological civiliza tion and our natural environment. I think we first and most essential ingredient. This nuclear power activities than he does from broad understanding is necessary to pro natural radiation background. (And I will can muster both the intelligence and the not repeat the comparative increases he re will to do this. Our whole world, and our vide the needed push behind the cor ceives by living in Denver or taking a jet whole life, has now become an "Environ rective steps as they come along. flight across the country. I am sure these are mental Teach-In"-and we are learning. We In a feature article the other day, are learning very fast. getting to be radiation cliches appreciated Paul MacClennan of the Buffalo, N.Y., by neither the Denver Chamber of Com Evening News staff, put the picture in merce nor the airlines.) very timely perspective. He relates the Most of the nuclear power plants on the impressive evidence of awareness in my line today are releasing in the normal course SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT: AN home area. of their daily operation only a small fraction of the radioactivity allowed by our stand URGENT CHORE Mr. Speaker, as a part of my remarks, ards, and we are putting into effect a regu I include the text of Mr. MacClennan's latory approach that would virtually assure excellent article: that this activity is kept close to this low HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT: AT LAST A NA operational level. Even with the projected OF NEW YORK TIONAL ISSUE To BRING FOLKS TOGETHER growth of nuclear power, we are confident (By Paul MacClennan) that radioactive effi.uents can be kept well IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES below the level at. which they will produce Tuesday, April 21, 1970 Concern for the environment is universal any harmful effects on the environment or today. It is preached from the pulpit, the the population. Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow, comics, the White House and in prestigious Of course, radiation, standards and the April 22, has been designated as "Earth business magazines. Day." But perhaps one of the most hopeful signs data behind them are under constant re today for the long-range needs of restoration view, and the Federal Radiation Council is Across the Nation there will be a con is the ecology action movement now sweep now in the process of a thorough reevalu certed effort to focus attention on our ing American college campuses and high ation of them at the request of its Chair urgent need for dealing with the prob schools. man, Robert Finch, Secretary of the Depart lems of our environment--while there Western New York is no exception. ment of Health, Education and Welfare. still is time. While April 22-Earth Day-is a major tar- April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12639 get for a national teach-in on problems at the air, live near Lake Erie and see the Efforts are under way to convert an Ecol the environment, the drive appears to have mounting piles of junk even if you don't go ogy Action Workshop into a fully accredited more far-reaching effoots. out of the student union building,'' was one college. Attitudes now being molded on the cam reaction. Many students are appalled at the cum pus and in the classroom about the steps Some civil rights leaders have criticized bersome and fragmented machinery of gov necessary to overcome man's past indifference the ecology activists for weakening the rights ernment that deals with the problem. But are likely to have impact for years to come. movement on the campus, but the ooologists they are also equally concerned about the if IMPACT PREDICTED reply that problems of environment aren't bandwagon techniques of politicians who solved now, the other fight will be mean see an issue to get aboard. One said: "Sure the teach-in is going to have an im ingless. "Sure there's a lot of talk about pollu pact, a tremendous one and this is important, DRASTIC EVIDENCE tion. You're going to find every politician but just as significant, I think, is the fact They also note that ghetto residents often from President Nixon on down latching onto that these students are concerned about the the issue-but while there will be a lot of problem and are knowledgeable about it," bear the brunt of air pollution and other environmental conditions that lead to blight, talk, I wonder how much will really be done one professor said. about the problem in a meaningful way. I'm "These are the people who will pay the decay and deteriorating housing. Student leaders and their professors are afraid a lot of it is just going to be that taxes and vote for the sewer bonds, the con talk." sumers who will exert economic pressure on still feeling their way on the "action" end industry to clean up, the informed citizen of the ecology action movement, but already IMPATIENT FOR CHANGES who demand that government continue to there are these things in the wind: To change this mood and keep pollution act after the first bloom is over. At Alfred University more than 40 stu abatement on the track is a main goal of "They are young and enthusiastic and ex dents and two profs from the Ceramics Col the campus movement and while April 22 is cited. It's not likely that they'll forget the lege hauled four truckloads Of beer cans, junk a keynote date, most see it as a fight that lessons t hat they are learning today and this and assorted litter out of a half-mile section will occupy their energies beyond the day will make the difference in the long haul." of Kanakadea Creek that splits the 180-acre they get degrees. A major portion of the campus energy at campus. Many of the campus groups see as one the moment is dedicated to research on the It was piled up in front of the Campus of their missions the uniting of all environ problems and its solutions in preparation for Center as dramatic evidence of man's in ment alists into a more powerful lobby. difference. .the teach-in. Two UB students said they will actively Backed by research from f.a.culty in the EVERYBODY'S BAG encourage creation of a central clearing Engineering and Applied Sciences Depart house to provide focus and information in It's bringing together some strange bed ment, UB students are voicing concern fellows. the war on pollution. a.bout operations of the Nuclear Fuel Serv They think it will take both numbers Unlike the Vietnam issue that split off in ices plant in Ashford. hawks and doves, civil rights that divided and knowledge and see unity as a key. Any They've conducted pollution picket lines thing short of total effort they think will haves and have-nots or urban issues that at the plant, oalled for Atomic Energy Com often creates divisions, pollution is every not bring man to peace with his environ mission investigation and are pressing state ment. body's bag. government to act. At the State University of Buffalo, for ex Perhaps the today generation's impatience ample, it's bringing together the Law School, REPORT PLANNED is its most powerful force. Their impatience the Medical School, biology, liberal arts, his Students at State University College at with what wasn't good enough yesterday, tory and the whole spectrum of campus Buffalo spent two week-ends gathering da ta won't do today and can't save tomorrow. movements from militant activists to the far on the effect of a fl.sh-ash dumping problem They are impatient for the changes that will right. on the health and welfare Of a nearby resi preserve our waters, our air, our landscape, "This is something that affects everyone dential area in Tonawanda and plan to re and our earth. and while there m ay be disagreement on tac port results soon. tics, there's agreement that something's got Ecology Action, a student-based move to be done," one student told The Buffalo ment at UB, is delving into regional pol Evening News. lution problems and hlas already published A lot of students are angry again at the an extensive newspaper supplement on its WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA CON over-30 generation whose legacy has been a findings. Campus papers generally are de SERVANCY-A RECOGNIZED EN "waste economy" that threatens to destroy voting more space to problems of ecology. VIRONMENTAL LEADER their future. Scores of elementary and high schools NO PLATITUDES in the Buffalo area are preparing Earth Day That factor greatly influences the campus programs and are soliciting speakers for HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD attitudes ranging from some who feel that April 22. OF PENNSYLVANIA St. Francis High School in Athol Springs nothing short of a total reordering of Amer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ica's priorities and values will turn the ooo has taken Lake Erie as an education ta.rget logical tide to those who take the road of and Clarence Junior High School students Tuesday, April 21, 1970 pressuring governmental officials whose laxity fired off a 2472-name petition to Congress they blame for the crisis. asking for an investigation of the failure of Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, tomor Unlike many of their counterparts in the government to solve water-pollution prob row as we celebrate Earth Day in forums, community, the student ecologists are in lems. demonstrations, and speeches around most cases "doing their homework." WARMLY PRAISED the country-hoping to rally support for They are besieging local officials with re At a recent Great Lakes pollution hearing, the major effort to "do something about quests for information and they won't settle a group of Hamilton students received warm the environment--! think it is entirely for platitudes. They want to know the laws. praise from the International Joint Com appropriate to call attention to the lead They aren't satisfied with numbers, they mission for pointing out that while a tech want names of polluters. And often most nical report provided interim methods for ership role played by the Western Penn embarrassing. they want to know why the cleaning up the Lakes, none of the scien sylvania Conservancy in my congres pace of enforcement isn't quicker. tists "had thought beyond tomorrow in sional district, Pittsburgh, Pa. The perceptive nature of their inquiries is terms of suggesting the fundamental The Western Pennsylvania Conserv often startling. One official told The News changes necessary to end man's destruction ancy, on whose board of directors I once that he has received inquiries that indicate of nature. had the privilege to serve, is a private, some of the students and professors have Canisius College students, organized as nonprofit citizens' group which was se knowledge exceeding his own and admits it the Society for Unpolluted Environment lected in 1967 as the "Conservation Orga frankly. (SE), published a frequent newsletter and PURSUE KNOWLEDGE are mobilizing for the teach-in. They voted nization of the Year" by the National In their pursuit of knowledge they are at one "most valuable polluter award" and plan Wildlife Federation, and also received tending public hearings on such issues as in follow-up citations. the Sears, Roebuck Foundation Award ternational pollution of the Great Lakes or Woven into the campus activity are efforts as the Nation's outstanding conservation proposals to develop reservoirs as a method of individual professors who have been in group. of better utilizing water resources. strumental in activating a Sierra Club chap In his message of March 18, the pres The movement nationally has already ter and who are working with ABATES, a ident of the conservancy, Mr. Joshua spawned its own Washington headquarters major effort to consolidate citizen effort. and a paperback, "The Environmental Hand Whetzel, stated: book," has been published as a guide for the ON THE INCREASE A major role of a private organization is "first national environmental teacll-in." Ecology courses are on the upswing. to make the public aware not only of a prob Will it replace Vietnam 8.5 a campus issue? UB has a half-dozen new courses and lem but of possible solutions, and thus cre "As the major issue and as the war is many departments sensing the movement are ate a dema.nd for progress toward its eradica phased out, I think you will see it dominate encouraging participation in courses that tion . . . our work must not be done alone, student activity because regardless of the combine basic science background with a nor in competition with other conservation approach or the background all of us breathe liberal sprinkling of "today" activity. organizations ... all mankind is in it to- 12640 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A'JYY'il 21, 1970 gether and we must pool our efforts and re have really thought about the trade-off What is done with the land affects the sources in the common cause. which has actually occurred-more affiuence supply and quality of water. Man's use of the now for more degraded surroundings now. air resource affects all life on land and sea. Mr. Whetzel's message is an excellent The s1ngle most alarming fact about the The reverse is also true, because oxygen, the statement on "The Environment," which environment is the predicted future rate of essential component of our atmosphere, is I include at this point in the RECORD for det.erioration, not the condition of affairs generated photosynthetically on land and sea. the attention of my colleagues: right now. We seem to be botching things Human beings differ from lesser animals up fast enough but can you conceive of the in requiring aesthetic satisfaction in life. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE--WESTERN PENNSYL· twice as many people we are told will be Thus, the stresses of crowding and noise VANIA CONSERVANCY, ANNUAL MEETING OF around doing the same thing on this earth cause psychosomatic disease; ugly surround MEMBERS, MARCH 18, 1970 within the lifetime of most of us here? ings breed ugly values and living green Among the major issues of our day, prob Better environmental conditions can re spaces seem essential to our inner selves, per ably the most serious, in the long range, is sult only from basic changes in attitudes haps remembering an earlier and more primi the deterioration of our environment. Be which can lead to concerted action by gov tive age. cause it is concerned with physical proc ernment, private industry and privat.e citi As with all great truths, we wonder why esses on which survival all of man's world zens on a scale never before contemplat.ed. it took us so long to learn. The necessary depends, the environment must transcend And the action must be taken now before harmony of man and his natural environ all others in importance. the expected onslaught of larger numbers ment makes great sense. It makes great sense, I am sure you are well familiar with this and their needs and "wants". too, for this organization to broaden its subject and that there is some concern, too, The approach scientists use is, I think, concern to include all of man's environment. that it will be talked to death. Having said needed. They deal a.t the edge of the un This is a logical, if not inevitable, step to that, I hope I don't contribute to its demise known and are trained to forge ahead, mak take building on the solid base of past ac while I comment on a few aspects of the ing judgments based only on the facts in a complishment. problem as background for discussion of the situation. The rest of us, too often, look for For the past nine months, the Conservancy role of the Western Pennsylvania Conserv historic precedent or are guided by irrelevant staff has been evaluating the programs in ancy in this region. mores. which we are presently engaged, retaining In recent time, a fantastic demand for Consider, for example, private property the best of these and planning for new de goods and services has been fueled by a pop rights. Historically there is given to the partures. ulation expanding at an exponential rate. owner of land the right to do with it what he wishes regardless of the consequences to For the first time since 1959, the dues for Numbers of people and their demands are members have been increased and when still increasing, causing a collision of values the land and its future benefit to a com munity. Should this not be challenged, and you hear about the program we have em between our essentially conservative Ameri barked upon you will know why it has been can culture and the response needed to such replaced by a doctrine which better suits our time-that an owner is only trustee of necessary. I hope our members will accept rapid growth. this in good spirit. Even at the higher level, Within the span of two generations we a part of the public estate and is allowed only such uses as do not deny future bene we predict receipts from dues will be only have witnessed in the United States the 18.5 % of all income in 1970. change from a fundamentally agricultural ficial use? This legal principle, generalized, would For the first time, also, charges have been society with horse drawn transportation to instituted at our nature reserves for non our present supersonic moon age. In this enable the best and most orderly land use controls, for the long range benefit of any members in the form of parking fees and ad period the world population has more than mission charges for lectures. Members also doubled while the United States population community and its people. It's probable that all our past sacred no now receive a special discount of 50¢ per has tripled. The "crunch" is becoming in ticket for two tickets each year for admission creasingly felt in the urbanized areas where tions of individual freedom of action will be sorely test.ed before we have come to grips to Fallingwater. These practices should en most of us live. with the environmental problems we face. hance the membership privilege and help What went wrong with the "American The more of us there are, the more each bring us new members as well as, of course, Dream" to end up with little but dreary defraying some of the substantial cost of "slurbs" at the edges of our urban areas? person's a.otions will affect another and by this alone our individual freedom is re operating the reserves. Why do we have rivers that smell where stricled. Our new program is now taking shape, al one can swim only at peril to his health? Will we as a race change soon enough in though all of it is not yet rigidly defined For what reason must we breath exhaust fundamental ways and be able to cooperate and probably it never will be. It involved polluted air along our streets? in the manner we must? Mind you, South Open Space Activities, Environmental Edu It has been a case of a "little bit more western Pennsylvania governed as 411 sepa cation, and Information and Community won't hurt". For what difference did it really rate units--six counties going 411 separate Services. make in the earlier years of this nation ways? The first element of the new program, our to dump whatever in the river? It was the Against this background of our dilemma, Open Space work, is essentially an expansion logical thing to do and so long as it re what is the role of this organization in help of the land acquisition for which the Con mained on a small scale, in a big river ing to work for a better regional environ servancy is so well known. There is so much what harm? Most of our rivers would have ment? to be done regarding open space and there benefited by a little sewage-for the same The past activities of the Conservancy is so great a need to set aside that available reason that fertilizer is often needed to in are well known to all of you. I will not re before it is gone, that I do not believe we crease fish production in a farm pond. peat in detail the many triumphs of land can rely only on acquisition as a method. With regard to land development, Charles planning and acquisition in assembling state There is simply not enough money to buy Little says it very well in the preface to his parks, and the valuable program at the all that is needed. book Challenge of the Land: nature reserves. The splendid job of restor I believe the Conservancy has a job to do "There was a time-and not so long ago at ing the Old Stone House and the Johnston helping local communities plan for open tha~when the 'challenge of the land' in Tavern and the program at Fallingwater, space by providing information on preserva volved beating back the wilderness, home architectural triumph of the late Frank tion techniques with proven value. These steading, forging westward across a road Lloyd Wright, are familiar to us all. could include the methods of Green Space less continent, establishing thriving settle This adds up to a most satisfactory range Development or "cluster" development and ments where only Indian villages had stood of accomplishments of which you, as mem transactions in easements or less-than-total before. bers, should be particularly proud. For the ownership in tracts of land. Newly develop "To thls enterprise, the ea.rly settlers and outstanding leadership he exercised during ing uses of zoning are promising but subject pioneers brought a zeal tinged with moral the past 13 years, we should all join, too, to the vagaries of court rulings. All of these and religious fervor. The establishment of in tribut.e to our President Emeritus, Dr. methods require a fine judgment of terrain civilization was, on its face, Good. The pri Charles F. Lewis. and real estate development potential. meval forest, the virgin prairie sod, resisting Acquisition of large areas for state park Conservation commissions, centers of open the axe and single ploughshare, seemed, be purposes, preservation of unique natural space action within local government, have cause they stood in opposition to man, bad. habitats, the operation of nature reserves for worked very well in the Northeast and in "But yard by yard, acre by a.ore, mlle by public education-all these would appear, at New Jersey. Perhaps they would work in mile, the continent gave way. This early first, to be enough for one organization to Pennsylvania. It would be a proper function challenge of the land was met. Man with his try to undertake-but, can we stop here? of the Conservancy to explain and help es strength and will prevailed over nature and Public awareness of what has been under tablish a network of these commissions. much of the continental United States ca stood only by a few has rapidly grown-the Despite these new involvements, we are pitulated to civ1lization completely. But man functions of our natural environment in ready to assist the acquisition efforts of gov turned out to be a not very noble victor. support of all life, including human life, are ernment at all levels, just as we have in the When Nature was on her back he kept inter-related and inter-dependent. Ecology past. stomping and stomping until in some places is the science of the relationships of living Education programs of the Conservancy there was nothing left." organisms to their physical environment and will be broadened to include more emphasis What developed in an earlier day has con the lessons of ecologists are well worth heed on teacher education. Our reserves will be tinued because of our inborn resistance to ing, for, indeed, our lives depend on an used as training grounds for future conser change and in large part because too few understanding of these truths. vation education teachers. We are now in April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12641 the midst of active discussion of this sub I see, then, a growing commitment on the thereof, and a municipal and superior ject with several colleges. Conservancy's part to provide the informa court. We could contribute also to curriculum tion on which citizens can base responsible Since Mayor !sen entered public life, development, influencing curriculum choice environmental decisions. Non-profit organi the city has grown from a relatively small and content. For example, environmental zations dependent on tax-deductible support considerations are part of a nation's culture can not engage in political activity to any town of 40,000 to a municipality of near and, from an educational point of view, be substantial extent and therefore we are pro ly 140,000 people, ranking third in popu long in all curricula. This should be empha hibited from outright advocacy of a particu lation in Los Angeles County. sized particularly in social studies courses, lar action by a public body. But, we are able He has worked untiringcy to promote yet most such curricula don't consider the to discuss issues so long as there is full and industrial development, business expan influence of resource development patterns fair disclosure of all points of view. sion, and good residential planning and or misuse of resources on the history of man Our work must not be done alone, nor in has been instrumental in bringing many and his culture. competition with other conservation organi The third pha.se of our new program, per zations. We will cooperate with all citizen industries and businesses to the city, in haps the furthest departure from earlier groups interested in environmental improve cluding the Del Amo financial and shop Conservancy efforts, can be called Informa ment and this includes almost every civic ping center complex. tion and Community Services. You have seen minded organization. All mankind is in it Mayor Isen's insistence upon a bal one part of this effort, with the change in together and we must pool our efforts and ance of industry, commercial and resi the format and coverage of Water Land resources in the common cause. dential development has enabled Tor and Life, of which I hope you all approve. I intend to guide this organization-your rance to achieve its phenomenal growth As you can see, we have attempted to broaden organization-in carrying out the programs accompanied by a steady lowering of the the content of this publication, but we are which will best benefit the environment of still reaching for what is best. Probably we this region. In this effort I appreciate more city's tax rate. Torrance was recognized should analyze subjects in depth, providing than anything else your suggestions and sup nationally in 1956 when the city was the background necessary for understanding port. You, our members, are the strength of named as an All-American City by Look environmentally related topics. In the first this organization. magazine and the National Municipal two issues in the new format, we ranged League. widely, including reporting of Conservancy to news, which, of course, will continue. No tribute Al !sen would be com In addition to publications, the Con plete without mentioning his gracious servancy has an obligation to become in TRIBUTE TO ALBERT !SEN wife, Sara. Over the years, her help, sup volved in other kinds of information pro port, and sacrifice have given him a grams regarding important environmental source of inspiration that cannot be sur matters. Last fall, when the new State and HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON passed. Mrs. !sen, although active in her County clean air standards were being pro own right with the Torrance Women's posed, we did this through participation in OF CALIFORNIA Club, has complemented Mayor !sen and information meetings open to anyone, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thus provided a forum for public discussion Ifeel that his success, to a large measure, of the proposals. These were controversial is Tuesday, April 21, 1970 reftects her devotion and support. sues-and many will be. I don't think we Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Following a testimonial dinner in his can avoid controversy. Speaker, Albert Isen has served with dis honor, attended by over 600 guests, the Our activities will not be confined to air tinction for 16 years as the mayor of Press-Herald published the following pollution. We are equally concerned with editorial: water pollution abatement, highway loca Torrance, Calif. . Al though born in Los Angeles, Mayor Behind all of his driving energy is a deep tion, noise abatement, soil erosion and sedi rooted lover for his city. Few of us have the mentation control and so on-the whole !sen has lived in Torrance since 1913. He zeal for the City which is displayed daily by spectrum of topics which relate to man's use attended Torrance High School and, Mayor Isen. His enthusiasm for the City and of the natural environment. later, the University of Southern Cali for its development during his 14 years as More than ever before people are aware of fornia. He was awarded an LL.B. degree Mayor has led it to the ranking as an All the environmental crisis. All the media, local from USC in 1930. American City, has brought national atten as well as national, continually roll the tion through the Annual Armed Forces Day drums (almost too much it seems for we Albert Isen's devotion to public service, and love for his city, is evident by his celebration, and has sparked many of the don't want to see the environment over City's residents to new pride in their com played and dismissed like another fad). An activity in various civic organizations. munity. A salute to Albert Isen for his life objective of every concerned individual and He is a member of the South Bay Bar time devotion to his City. His contributions every civic group is a decent and viable en Association, the Torrance area B'nai to the development of the community he vironment. Thus, there is a very broad basis B'rith, and the Elks and Moose Clubs of loves can hardly be measured. of support for accomplishment. Politicians Torrance. Further, he is a member of clearly recognize the appeal of these issues. the Masons, El Toga, and South Bay I am very pleased to be able to share Answers to environmental problems are Shrines. He has been given honorary With the House of Representatives the available---more than are being used. The examples of this man's extraordinary technical means to abate nearly every form membership in the Civitan organization of pollution are now known. Planning ap and the Torrance Mounted Police. Mayor dedication and service. I extend my con proaches which would enable highways to be !sen is the past president of three or gratulatio~s and best wishes to Al !sen. routed with minimum social cost are under ganizations: The Torrance Lions Club, stood. Techniques needed to build attractive South Bay Bar Association, and the Tor and efficient communities are well known. Furthermore, we have impressive environ rance Area B'nai B'rith Lodge. THE APOLLO RECOVERY-A STUDY mental control laws already on the books His Honor, Mayor Albert !sen, or "Al," IN NAVIGATIONAL SKILL and agencies created to administer these as he is called by his friends, a practicing laws. attorney since 1933, was elected to the The time has come to get on with the job! city council in 1954. The following year HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. The tools are at hand; people are ready; let's he was named mayor by his fellow coun OF NEW JERSEY stop wringing our hands; it's time to get cilmen. He served as appointive mayor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Into the action! The question is-how to get until 1958 when a charter change made on with the job? the office elective, at which time he was Tuesday, April 21, 1970 We think that the answer lies in serving Mr. as a catalyst for local community action. elected mayor. He was reelected in 1962 THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. The problems are too enormous and rooted and again in 1966. During those many Speaker, I think it safe to say that all too deeply in local situations to ever be years he had the distinction of being the Americans were thrilled, as well as re solved from Washington. Yet these problems only elected mayor that the city ever had. lieved, at the safe return to earth of the are often complex and the means to their From the moment he took office things three astronauts from the recent Apollo solution, even if available, might not be began to happen. Under this guidance the moon voyage. We all shared the drama known at the point of need. city acquired and developed the civic of the splashdown through the magic of A major role of a private organization ts to make the public aware not only of a prob center with a new city hall, police station, television. Another electronic miracle lem but of possible solutions, and thus municipal plunge, central and branch made it possible for the U.S.S. Iwo Jima create a demand for progress toward its fire stations, recreational buildings, an to be within 4 miles of the exact site eradication. independent library system and branches where the command ship came to rest. 12642 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 The carrier was guided to the precise MIDDLE EAST CRISIS millions of Americans in regard to the Apollo 13 recovery point 600 miles south Middle East crisis : east of Samoa in the Pacific by signals HON. MARIO BIAGGI Mr. Rogers, your Middle East peace plan from a Navy satellite. isn't a solution. Your Middle East plan is The ship, as did the Apollo 12 recovery OF NEW YORK appeasement. vessel U.S.S. Hornet, carries aboard a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In an address to the U.N. Assembly on set called SRN-9, which was installed Tuesday, April 21, 1970 September 18, 1969, President Nixon said: on the Iwo Jima about 6 weeks ago by "A peace to be lasting must leave no seeds engineers of the Johns Hopkins Applied Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the Middle of future war ... It must rest on a settlement East crisis, a subject of great debate in in which both sides have a vested interest ... Physics Laboratory which developed the We are equally convinced that peace cannot satellites and the navigation system for this Congress not too many weeks ago, is extremely more volatile today than it was be achieved on the basis of anything less the Navy. The system permits naviga than a binding, irrevocable commitment by tion fixes to about one-tenth of a mile, when Secretary Rogers announced his the parties to live together in peace." and can be used any place in the world initial plan for peace in the Middle East. Mr. Secretary, where in your proposal is in any weather day or night. In the re The President's subsequent declaration the binding, irrevocable commitment to live covery of the Apollo 12-November of policy in this area has also done little, together in peace? 1969-in the Pacific, when there was if anything, to reestablish a balance of On June 19, 1967, President Johnson said power in that part of the world-a condi "Clearly the parties to the conflict must b~ overcast skies, capt. c. J. Seiberlich said the parties to the peace . . . It is hard to navigation would have been limited had tion vital to the promotion of peaceful coexistence between the Arab nations see how it is posible for nations to live not the satellite navigation set been together in peace if they cannot learn to aboard. Celestial observations were made and Israel. reason together." about 180 miles from the Apollo 12 pick We need only review the events of re Mr. Secretary, only the adversaries can up site, and then the weather closed in. cent weeks for us to conclude that the reconcile their problems-and only when face Captain Seiberlich said that dead reck conflict has so increased in intensity and to face. oning was unprecise and "had the severity that it now stands closer to On January 15, 1965, President Nixon said, world tragedy than it ever did since the "Whenever we have tried to purchase peace NAVSAT set not been aboard, the navi at any price, the pri<:e is always an install gation problem would have been consid "low profile" announcement of this ment on a bigger war." erable." Loran navigation was not avail administration. Mr. Secretary, your so-called "Peace Plan" able in the area of the Apollo 12 re Mr. Speaker, there is no doubt that is precisely peace at any price. covery, the Hornet skipper said, and Israel is firmly implanted in the hearts On July 28, 1960, President Nixon stated neither is it available to assist the U.S.S. of all of us who cherish freedom. But to "The Communists proclaim over and ove; stand behind Israel is not and should not again that their aim is the victory of Com Iwo Jima in the Samoan waters. munism throughout the world. It is not The Navy satellite navigation system be a policy based on emotionalism alone. Pragmatism tells us that the cause of enough for us to reply that our aim is to makes use of four satellites in constant contain Communism, to defend the free world orbit at about an altitude of 500 miles. Israel closely parallels the cause of Amer against Communism, to hold the line against I am pleased to note that the most ad ica and ultimate justice for the Israelis Communism. The only answer to a strategy vanced of the four satellites was manu also means strategic security for the of victory for the Communist world is a factured at the Astra-Electronics Divi United States. strategy of victory for the free world." sion of RCA at Princeton, N.J. Signals We in Congress must not, therefore, Mr. Secretary, who if not Soviet Russia, assume that, having once raised our fans the fires of the Mid-East conflict? Do we from the spacecraft are picked up by appease Russia by appeasing the Arab world ships by special equipment which fits into voices in behalf of a distant ally, democ racy in the Middle East will survive and or do we safeguard democracy by assuring a an area of the ship about the size of an just peace that recognizes the continued ex office desk. The set includes a receiver, the U.S. posture in international affairs istence of the only true democracy in the an oscillator for comparing the doppler will be secure. On the contrary, a cry for Middle East? frequency changes in the signals form the constant exercise of American diplo The Jewish War Veterans are opposed to the satellite and a computer. Navigation matic and economic influence in the the latest United States formula for a Middle by satellite is based upon the measure Middle East must be loud, must be clear, East settlement and will not rest until our and must be continuous. Country recognizes the essential need for an ment of the change in the frequency Israel-Arab face to face negotiation that in droppler shift-of the signal from the I therefore urge my colleagues in both Houses to reconsider the consequences of cludes the basic acceptance of Israel's right satellite as the space craft approaches to exist. If there is to be reconclliation, there and passes over a listening point on the silence and again open the floodgate of has to be negotiation. earth. The change in the signals has been protest against a policy of appeasement The United States has only one proven likened to the change in the sound of a in the Middle East. friend in the Mid-East, namely Israel :-we whistle of a train as it approaches and In addition, Mr. Speaker, Americans must help her-yet what our government passes a station. with a strong commitment to democratic proposes would mean the signing of her Johns Hopkins' scientists when track ideals and a deep sense of conviction con death warrant. This must be prevented. ing the first Russian satellite Sputnik cerning the issues facing the Middle East found they were able to fix its position ought to continue their collective out by measuring the droppler shift of its cries for an acceptable U.S. policy. Their voices, joined with those of this Congress, MORE ON MERCURY-WHO IS IN signal. They also determined that the CHARGE? reverse could be true, and that signals should provide the administration with from the satellite could be used for pre the guidance it so w·gently needs in de cise positional fixes on the earth. This veloping an effective and realistic ap HON. DAVID R. OBEY was the basis of Navy navigation satel proach to the Middle East crisis. OF WISCONSIN lite system. One such group of Americans is the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The system has been in operation for Bronx County Council of the Jewish War over 5 years, and has recently been made Veterans of the United States of America, Tuesday, April 21, 1970 available for commercial shipping. A the oldest active veterans organization in Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, the poison commercial model of the military set was our country. Familiar with world wars ing of three children in New Mexico has used by the U.S.S. Manhattan on her and desirous of world peace, the Bronx brought to the attention of the Ameri voyage through the Northwest Passage County Council has added its name to the can public the dangers which may be and is used by the Queen Elizabeth 2, long list of petitioners for American pro present from the use of mercury pesti oceanographic research ships, and cable motion of face-to-face negotiation be cides. laying and rescue vessels. tween Arabs and Israel. As a recent Associated Press story Mr. Speaker, I thought the House Mr. Speaker, I offer for the RECORD a points out, however, evidence of this sort would be interested in this account of statement recently made by the Bronx is not particularly nev.. In the past half the marvelous instrumentation which County Council of Jewish War Vet dozen years, mercury poisoning has re has been developed by John Hopkins and erans of the United States of America, sulted in 35 deaths in Iraq, four in West carried into production by RCA. which forthrightly restates the views of Pakistan, and 20 in Guatemala. This is April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12643 in addition to the 88 deaths which oc STUDY REFUTES CLAIMS FOR dictive techniques can be developed. The curred in Minamata, Japan. Injuries and PREVENTIVE DETENTION authors of the study summarize their congenital defects from mercury poison findings: ing have also been reported in the hun Thus though some predictive criteria have dreds. HON. ABNER J. MIKVA been isolated, our understanding of what It is difficult to believe then, as the OF ILLINOIS are the "essential" criteria and the proper so incomplete as following article states, that no one in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weights for each is still our well-populated bureaucracy has yet to preclude a workable and reasonable Tuesday, April 21, 1970 m:e~h.od to estimate the probability of re decided who is "in charge" when it cidivism [specially defined in the study to comes to patrolling mercury residues. Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, on April 7 mean rearrest, not commission of a second At a time when we have choices to the National Institute of Law Enforce crime] for a specific type or class of defend make about priorities and putting first ment and Criminal Justice made public ants (emphasis added). P. 162 things first, I would think that the pro a study of defendants released prior to tection of the public health and welfare trial in the District of Columbia during Another of the "real" conclusions of would certainly appear high on the list. 4 selected weeks in 1968. The study, done the report is that the amount of crime I hope that someone at the Depart by the National Bureau of Standards, actually committed by persons released NBS, demonstrates as conclusively as any prior to trial-for previous crimes which ment of Agriculture, the Department of they also committed-is very low. The Health, Education, and Welfare, or the statistical evidence can that the kind of preventive detention proposed by the Justice Department press release accom Department of the Interior thinks so, panying publication of the study said: too, and soon. Justice Department-and now included The Associated Press story referred in the House-passed version of the Dis The NBS study reveals a 25 percent rate to follows: trict of Columbia crime bill-is both un of rearrest on pretrial release for defendants necessary and unworkable. charged with "dangerous crimes" and 17 PUBLIC PRESSURE HAS STARTED MERCURY percent for defendants charged with "crimes POISON CRACKDOWN What is most frightening about the of violence." study, in fact, is not its conclusions, but (By G. C. Thelen, Jr.) the way the Department of Justice has This is true as far as it goes, but it WASHINGTON.-Farmers and manufacturers attempted to pervert those conclusions does not go very far. For what the press poured billions of pounds of a toxic chemi to serve its own ends. Since the study release writers might have seen if they cal mercury into the nation's food and water had read the report further is that only supply for years while the government did does not support the need for, or feasi nothing to stop them. bility of, preventive detention, we could "17 of 41 initially charged with a dan Although there had been significant and have expected that the Attorney General gerous crime were convicted of that or early warnings from abroad about the danger would release it without comment. But another dangerous crime" and that there of the pollution, federal authorities did not here is the way in which the Depart were only "six convicted of charge in stir until three children in New Mexico were ment of Justice attempted to twist the initial case and rearrest case"--on page severely injured recently from eating mer 148. Thus only six defendants out of 217 cury-contaminated pork and after mercury findings of the study to suit is own po litical purposes: felony defendants released prior to trial tainted fish showed up in the Great Lakes. during the period in question actually From 1964 until early this year, when it The Department of Justice notes that this began removing some unneeded mercury study strongly documents the need for the were guilty of both the initial crime and pesticides, the Agriculture Department re Administration's legislative proposal for pre the crime for which they were rearrest jected every objection-hundreds of them trial detention of dangerous criminal de ed-about 2.7 percent. That is somewhat from the Food and Drug Administration to fendants. lower than a "25 percent rate of re the registration of the chemical. arrest" would imply. And then, according to a department of Perhaps the administration was count FAIL URE TO USE EXISTING CONTROLS NOT ficial, it acted "only because of the New ing on the fact that this study was writ CONSIDERED Mexico incident and the resulting public ten by statisticians, rather than public pressure." relations experts, and thus would not be Three other findings that emerge from The FDA objections were brushed aside, given too much public n:::itice. But any a close reading of the report indicate the official said, "because they otfered no sub one who reads the NBS study finds out that more attention must be given to stantiating evidence of their opinions." utilizing present methods of controlling During that time, mercury poisoning from not only that actual crime committed by persons released prior to trial is low, but pretrial releasees before resorting to radi contaminated grain accounted for 35 deaths cal solutions like preventive detention. and 321 injury cases in Iraq in 1961, four also that even in those instances where deaths and 34 injury cases in West Pakistan rearrests occur, the defendants who are First, there was absolutely no considera in 1963 and 20 deaths and 45 injury cases in rearrested would be absolutely impos tion given to the effect of probation and Guatemala during 1966. sible to predict in advance. In fact, the parole revocation on controlling crime by A mercury discharge from an industrial study showed that in order to prevent pretrial releasees--on pages 35 and 36. plant in Japanese waters contaminated sea For example, if men are arrested for a food, resulting in 43 deaths and uncounted 17 rearrests-not convictions, only rear rests--out of 401 pretrial releasees, it crime while out on pro'bation or parole birth defects. after a previous conviction, they can al MERCURY DATA would have been necessary to incar cerate 39 people who were not re ready be detained-legally and constitu The facts on mercury, as compiled by a tionally-simply by having the supervis recent government pesticide commission, are arrested-page 162. Two mistakes for every possible right guess is not a very ing authority revoke or modify their pro these: bation or parole. But our court and law Some 5.3 million pounds of mercury are good score when you are guessing about used annually by industry, 800,000 pounds the liberty of American citizens. enforcement records are so bad that it is going in manufacture of pesticides. virtually impossible to find out when an Mercury is a permanent element and THE STUDY'S REAL CONCLUSIONS arrested defendant is already on proba "residues can persist up to 100 years in pol For those who are interested, the real tion or parole, especially if he is from a luted lakes" accumulating in mounting con conclusions of the NBS study relate en jurisdiction outside the District of centration in fish and shell fish, the com tirely to the inadequacy of present in Columbia. mission said. formation and present techniques for Thus, we are not even utilizing the fully "Human consumption of such seafood may lead to accumulation of methyl-mercury to predicting the likelihood of rearrest of constitutional control devices over pre even lethal levels," the commission said. persons released prior to trial. The study trial releasees which we already have, :1et Although the FDA had worried for some makes eight numbered recommenda we are being asked to enact preventive time about mercury in pesticides, apparently tions. Since these occur in the section detention. The NBS study shows that the no government agency did anything about of the report labeled "Observations and already quite low rate of crime-as op industrial discharges of the chemical into Recommendations," we can be pretty posed to arrest-by defendants released water supplies. sure these are the recommendations of prior to trial-in which they are con "To my knowledge, no one has been mon itoring it," said one Interior Department the study's authors, and not of Justice victed-could be reduced even further if water pollution official. Department officials trying to impose we had sumcient data coordination to "We've been discussing the problem with their preconceptions on us. Every one of allow full use of probation and parole Interior but haven't decided who is in these eight recommendations-on pages controls already available to our courts. charge," said an official of the Department 163 to 167-relates to the need for addi In a computer age there is no excuse for of Health, Education, and Welfare. tional information before reliable pre- this lack of coordination. 12644 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 Another factor indicates that the ing to as questionable a device as pre ocation of probation and parole, deten study's results-meager as they are for ventive detention. tion of "dangerous" defendants pending supporters of preventive detention-may IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR SPEEDY TRIAL sentencing or appeal, and strict enforce still overestimate the value of detaining The results of the NBS study were es ment of pretrial release conditions. "dangerous" defendants. This factor is pecially rewarding for those of us who Fourth. Not only are the chances of a the inclusion in the survey sample of have contended that the way to deal with defendant's committing a crime greater presentence and preappeal releasees- crime by defendants released prior to the longer he is out on pretrial release, page 4 of "Executive Summary." Federal trial is by guaranteeing those defendants but it is greater for misdemeanor def end courts already have ample authority to what the Constitution says they are en ants than for felony defendants and is control the release of "dangerous" de titled to anYWay-a speedy trial. One of extremely low for all defendants during fendants who have been convicted and the real innovations of the NBS study is the first 60 days after pretrial release. are awaiting sentence or appeal. Indeed, that it developed an index for measuring Fifth. We need to begin systematizing section 3148 of title 18 specifically au the likelihood of rearrest based on "man and ordering police, court, bail agency, thorizes detention when "no one or more days of release." What this index com probation, parole, and prison records so conditions of release will reasonably as pares is, first, the likelihood of rearrest that they will yield readily useful infor sure that the person will not :flee or pose of a pretrial releasee; and second, the mation-and perhaps reliable predictive a danger to any other person or to the length of time he is on release before his techniques-on crime by pretrial releases community." first trial. The study's conclusion is that and on the probation and parole status Thus the inclusion of these releasees in "there is a strong indication that crime of arrested defendants. the survey sample almost certainly re on pretrial release in the District of Co- All of these conclusions, I submit, sup sulted in an overestimate of the contri 1umbia is almost directly related to the port the speedy trial/ revocation of pro bution which preventive detention would man-days released"--on page 148. What bation-parole approach which I urged make to crime reduction. Since these this means is that there is now statistical on the House during debate on the Dis convicted releasees are already subject evidence to show what most people of trict of Columbia crime bill. None of them to preventive detention, whatever benefit commonsense could have :figured out supports the administration's preventive society would derive from such a pro anyway-that the chance of a rearrest detention proposal. cedure is presumably already being ex increases in direct proportion to the I urge the conferees on the District of perienced. In fact, if postconviction re delay in bringing the defendant to trial Columbia crime bill to take note of these leasees are committing crimes pending for the first offense. :findings. They are probably the most sentencing or appeal, this would seem to What is even more important, how reliable statistical evidence now in ex prove that preventive detention is not ever, is that the man-days-of-release istence on the problem of crime by de effective, and that even when judges predictive index proves that during the fendants released prior to trial. As have the power to detain "dangerous de first 60 days a defendant is released, the incomplete as even these data are, they fendants, they cannot use it effectively likelihood of his being rearrested is very certainly show that the administration's because of the impossibility of accurately low, and that during the 5- to 8-month preventive detention proposal is no an predicting who will commit additional period after release it is comparatively swer to pretrial crime either for the Fed crimes during release. very high. Moreover, the likelihood the eral courts or for the District of Finally, a third :finding of the study felony defendants will be rearrested Columbia. underlines the need to concentrate on during the first 2 months of pretrial presently available devices for control release is less than half of the likelihood BEWARE OF PHONY MARTYRS ling the pretrial behavior of released de for misdemeanor defendants--see the fendants before instituting pretrial pre chart on page 137. ventive detention. The study shows that In terms of the administration's pre HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK restrictive conditions placed on the be ventive detention proposal this means OF OHIO havior of pretrial releases by the District that we would be incarcerating defend IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Columbia courts now are almost to ants during the period when they are Tuesday, April 21, 1970 tally unenforced because of lack of re statistically least likely to be rearrested, sources and manpower. In other words, but that we will have to let them go Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in ad we have gone from a Federal procedure unless a speedy trial can be guaran dition to setting himself up as the final in which defendants were unconstitu teed-just when they are becoming most authority on what laws to break or obey, tionally restrained prior to trial by exces likely to be rearrested. Also we would the Reverend Daniel Berrigan, one of sive monetary bail, to a system in which, be incarcerating only felony defendants the Catonsville Nine, would seemingly under the Federal Bail Reform Act of while misdemeanor defendants-who have his political martyr's crown while 1966,,:financial resources are not consid are two to three times more likely to be foregoing the consequences. Convicted of ered and only conditions on pretrial re rearrested-would go free. burning draft files in Catonsville, Md., he lease are used. But we have not provided has chosen not to accept the penalty re the courts and the District of Columbia SUMMARY OF REAL CONCLUSIONS sulting from his violation of law and re Bail Agency with sufficient manpower The NBS study of defendants released mains a fugitive from justice. One con and resources to make enforcement of prior to trial in the District of Columbia jures up visions of the early Christians these conditions possible. The NBS study shows us five principal things: accepting the martyr's sacrifice on the noted: First. We have no reliable predictive condition that domesticated members of The Washington [pretrial release) program techniques to tell us which defendants the cat family, instead of lions, be used has varying levels of contact, ranging from released prior to trial will even be re in the arena confrontation. persona.I telephone calls to weekly check.ins. arrested, let alone which will commit As I have stated time and time again, This program, however, is unable to follow crimes while released. Applying our pres the dangers stemming from the doctrine up on all violations of bail conditions (em sent crude criteria of "dangerousness," phasis added) p. 77. of civil disobedience cannot be em we would have to detain two people who phasized too of ten. This pernicious prin Thus, preventive detention advocates would not be rearrested for every one ciple, refined and practiced by the late are screaming for a new device to control who would-and many of those who Dr. Martin Luther King, could make of defendants when the existing controls would be rearrested would be innocent our rule of law a shambles if practiced pretrial release conditions-are not even of either the initial crime or the second extensively. At least Reverend King's being effectively enforced. crime. doctrine called for a willing acceptance The District of Columbia crime bill for Second. The amount of crime actual of penalties accruing from law violations the first time makes available to the Dis ly committed by defendants during re even though this acceptance neither trict of Columbia Bail Agency money and lease prior to a trial for an initial of justified the civil disobedience nor made resources for supervising the conduct of fense which they also committed is very its effects less dangerous to our society. defendants released prior to trial. We low, about 2.7 percent. Reverend Berrigan's conduct is an ex should at least wait until we see whether Third. Little or no use is made of the tension of the civil disobedience doctrine this supervision can reduce the small existing devices for control of repeat of which results when a citizen sets himself amount of pretrial crime before resort- fenders prior to trial; namely, the rev- up as the final authority: if he is justi- April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12645 fied in breaking the law, why must he health insurance plan, and life insurance The harsh statistics for 1969 point to (1) coverage on a voluntary basis. the worst infi.ation in 19 years, (2) the submit to the consequences? If it is hon highest interest rates on record, (3) a slow orable to break some laws, why is there The recodification of the municipal down in real growth, and (4) an increase in not honor in being a fugitive from jus code, completed in 1967, was under the unemployment. tice? direction of the city clerk. He is respon The direction of the economy is not clear, I insert at this point an item from the sible for keeping the code current, and and the signposts point in different direc Washington Post of April 20 entitled, each time the council adopts an amenda tions. We really don't know whether the "Father Berrigan Vows To Stay a 'Fugi tory ordinance, his staff incorporates the economy is moving into a recession or tive'." new provisions into the code by means of launching into another infiationary spiral. looseleaf supplementary pages distributed Those who see infiation as the threat point FATHER BERRIGAN Vows To STAY A "FUGITIVE" to- ITHACA, N.Y., April 19.-The Rev. Daniel to departments and agencies who use it The increase in social security benefits; Berrigan, the Jesuit priest sought by the FBI in their work. The 10 percent boost in capital expendi following his conviction for burning draft Mr. Coil issues a monthly calendar of tures by business; files in Catonsville, Md., said in a statement public meetings to the council, dePart The ending of the 5 percent tax surcharge today he would "resist the enslavers of men ment heads, commissioners, and to the on June 30; as long as I possibly can." newspapers. He maintains a roster of The Federal pay increases, retroactive to The statement, attributed to Father Berri public officials and keeps a record of in December 27, 1969; gan, was read before several thousand per The Federal budgets for 1970 now moving sons at a rally held in Father Berrigan's formation pertaining to their terms of toward deficits; honor on the Cornell University campus. office. The continuing rise in the consumer price Father Berrigan, who made a surprise ap He effected a reduction in the cost of index; and pearance at a similar rally Friday evening in municipal elections of approximately The generous wage contract agreements. Cornell's ROTC armory, said he "chose once $4,500 by setting up his own precinct Those who fear recession claim we are now again to disappear, to guard my honorable boards, which had previously been in a recession, with no real growth, and they status of 'fugitive from injustice'." No at handled by a contractor. When the point out: tempt was made then to arrest him, appar Industrial production has declined stead ently to avoid trouble that might have de county purchased the votomatic devices ily since last summer; veloped in the large crowd. and made them available to cities for The unemployment rate has risen to 4.4 "And whether at large or in prison," Fa municipal elections, Vernon Coil, always percent, the highest in more than four ther Berrigan said, "I hope with all my heart on the alert, seized the opportunity to use years, with 3.7 m1llion people out of work; · that you will live your lives as we of Catons them, effecting a further savings by re Personal income growth is sluggish; and ville are trying to live ours-responsibly be ducing the number of precincts, as well Corporate profits are dropping. fore the community of man, in resistance to as considerable saving of time in receiv Confronted with these conflicting develop- the eneinies of man's peace." ments, the President apparently has altered ing the returns for the 1968 election. his econoinic oourse, changing the emphasis He maintains an "open office," and is from one of fighting infiation to one of ward available to anyone who comes into the ing off recession. He has moved from a policy office with a gripe or complaint. of restraining the economy, to stimulating TRIBUTE TO VERNON W. COIL Mr. Coil's wife, Pauline, has been a it ever so slightly through the release of valuable asset with her active support Federal construction funds and the encour and aid. While raising two sons is a full agement of a less strict monetary policy. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON Dr. Paul McCracken, the President's top OF CALIFORNIA time job in itself, Mrs. Coil's devotion to her husband and his success is always econoinic adviser, has said the downturn in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our economy is a little sharper than antici evident. pated. Business activity in the first months Tuesday, April 21, 1970 I join in extending congratulations to of 1970 has proven less lively than expected, Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Vernon Ooil for such dedicated service and most experts are shaving their econoinic Speaker, Mr. Vernon W. Coil was re and in wishing him the best in the forecasts. The odds, they say, are moving coming term. in favor of a modest recession, and they cently reelected to his third term in the anticipate a gross national product of about office of city clerk of Torrance, Calif. I $982 b1llion this year instead of the trillion wish to share with the House of Repre CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS TO dollars predicted earlier. sentatives Mr. Coil's many accomplish NINTH DISTRICT RESIDENTS If this is true, it means that inflation will ments which reflect his dedication to · lose some of its momentum, yet remain a public service. serious problem, and unemployment will Vernon Coil has lived in Torrance for HON. LEE H. HAMILTON continue to rise for most of the year. No one wants the situation of recent OF INDIANA 43 years. He served his country well in months, when we have had continuing rise World War n as a tech sergeant in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the price level, an increase in unemploy Air Force in North Africa. As an aerial Tuesday, April 21, 1970 ment, a credit crunch and a stagnant econ gunner of a flying fortress in 50 combat omy. Economic policy today is especially missions and four invasions, he was Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, it is my difficult because of the delicate and complex awarded the Air Medal with three Silver practice to send to Ninth District resi nature of the efforts to slow down infiation Clusters, the African Campaign Medal, dents each week a report on an issue without sending the economy into recession. before Congress. Under leave to extend To set us on a course of adequate growth, and the Good Conduct Medal. stable prices, and high levels of productivity Being active in civic and private orga my remarks in the RECORD, I include and employment, this nation must pursue nizations, he has served as commander several of the reports I have distributed econoinic policies of balance, fiexlbility and of the Torrance VFW and service officer this year: modernization. The Federal budget should of the Torrance American Legion as well WASHINGTON REPORT be in surplus, monetary policy should allow as director of the 20-30 Club and Opti (By Congressman LEE H. HAMILTON) moderate growth in the money supply in mist Club. He is a past treasurer of the As I make the rounds of the Ninth Dis alignment with real growth, the level of Southern California City Clerk's Asso trict, one question is being asked with in interest rates should ease, and policy should ciation. In addition, he is currently active creasing frequency: "How's the ecOillomy be fiexlble to compensate for changes in doing?" either direction in the economy. in the International Institute of Munici The wage-earner is uneasy, seeing the pal Clerks, the American Records Man prospect of less overtime, fewer hours of (By Congressman LEE H. HAMILTON) agement Association, the Elks, and Ro work, lay-offs, or, in some cases, loss of his Crime, in all of its forms, continues to de tary Club. job. The businessman has his eye on growing grade the quality of American life. Somber Mr. Coil, in his duties as city clerk, ini inventories, lagging sales, s.nd declln1ng pro statistics tell us that reported crimes in tiated 3- and 5-year insurance policies fits. Young couples wanting to buy homes, creased by 11 percent over the previous year on a guaranteed premium plan, a blanket elderly couples watchi.ng their fixed income in 1969, and that the rate of crime increased shrink as prices rise, housewives shopping at faster than our population rate in the last equipment ft.oater policy, and an excess the supermarket, storeowners wanting to decade. liability policy-the first city in the modernize their places of business, and farm Last year, one out of every 50 Americans county to have such coverage. He re ers wanting to buy more land-all voice was the victim of a crime ... one out of every vamped the employee group insurance deep concern. 20 juveniles committed a criminal act . . . program, making available a dual-choice It's easy to tell them where we've been. the "take of organized crime was estimated CXVI--796-Part 9 12646 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 to be $50 billion . . . and the cost of crime (By Congressman LEE H. HAMn.ToN) Short of an arms limitation agreement, then, to taxpayers amounted to additional billions Each Arab or Israeli military strike re we must seek an arms balance in the area. of dollars. minds us that the Middle East is a powder There is no certain way of determining when These tragic statistics do not take into ac keg. It may well be the primary testing point there is a balance of arms, but one good indi count an even greater cost to the country of American foreign policy over the next five cator is what happens on the ground. In this the fear of crime. It is impossible to calculate years. The United States has great economic light it is clear that, as of today, Israel is the loss of business, declining property val and security interests in this area and can superior to the Arab forces. ues, the loss of community growth, and the not remain aloof while dangerous instability Peace continues to be elusive in the Mid loss of confidence in our system. Fear of crime increases. East. No one has a formula for instant peace. literally is forcing many thousands of Amer The dilemma the United States faces in But the U.S. must continue to try to bring icans to alter the pattern of their lives. the Middle East is how to maintain its a stable peace which would free the vast re Crime was an issue in the 1968 Presiden friendship with Israel while, at the same sources of the area-both material and hu tial campaign, and it now looms as an issue time, stop losing its influence in the Arab man-for the good of the entire region. It in the 1970 elections. Unfortunately the rhet world. will be necessary to keep in mind the com oric of the past campaign has blurred our The basis of U.S. policy in the area is the ment "optimism is to the diplomat what understanding of the lines of responsibility Security Council Resolution of November, courage is to the soldier". in combating crime. The public has been led 1967, which provides for: to believe that crime in the streets is a 1. The withdrawal of Israeli armed forces Federal responsibility. It is not. It is pri from territories occupied in the June, 1967 marily a local responsibility and the Federal conflict. LEGISLATION TO DESIGNATE THE government is limited in what it can do to 2. The termination of all claims of bellig KETTLE RIVER A COMPONENT OF fight local crime. erency and respect for the sovereignty of The Federal responsibility is to provide every state in the area, and their right to THE NATIONAL WILD AND SCENIC the strongest possible support to local law live in peace within secure and recognized RIVERS SYSTEM enforcement agencies, enabling them to hire boundaries. more policemen, purchase better equipment, 3. Guaranteed freedom of navigation provide better probation, correction and re through international waterways. HON. JOHN A. BLATNIK habilitation systems, and improve the admin 4. The achievement of a just settlement of OF MINNESOTA istration of justice in the courts. The record the refugee problem. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of legislation in recent years shows that 5. Guaranteeing the territorial integrity of Congress has enacted: each state in the area through measures that Tuesday, April 21, 1970 1. The Law Enforcement Assistance Act of include the establishment of demilitarized Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, Minne 1965, providing grants to local and state zones. sota has been blessed with some of the agencies to improve police work, correctional The United States holds firm to the view systems and court procedures. that there is a need for a mutually binding most beautiful and exciting lake and for 2. The Prisoner Rehabilitation Act of 1965, contractual peace based on negotiated agree est oountry in the entire United States. providing more effective ways to assist of ments, and that a just and lasting peace is We can be justly proud of our 10,000 fenders to re-enter society and reduce the the only means by which any state in the lakes, connected by tumbling rivers, "repeater" rate. region will find a secure existence. The U.S. many of them navigable only by canoe. 3. Anti-obscenity legislation in 1967 to believes that the best way to begin a nego One of our loveliest rivers, the St. Croix, curb the fl.ow of pornography in the U.S. tiating process is to support the mission of bounds my district on the east, and has malls. UN Special Representative Gunnar Jarring. 4. Legislation creating a House Select Com The history of efforts to negotiate in the been named part of the national wild and mittee on Crime to provide a forum for dis Middle East over the past 2 Y2 years makes scenic rivers system. Today, I am joining cussion of new anti-crime legislation. it clear that negotiations between parties are my good friend, Senator WALTER MON 5. The Juvenile Delinquency Prevention unlikely to get started at all without some DALE, in introducing a bill which will and Control Act of 1965, providing grants to kind of outside pressure and without flexibil make the Kettle River part of the wild states to combat delinquency and improve ity on both sides with respect to the nego and scenic rivers system, along with the rehabilitation methods. tiating procedures. The United States and St. Croix, which it joins at its southern 6. And most importantly, the Omnibus the Soviet Union can help to bring the Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, parties to the negotiating table and help de extremity. providing funds to create planning agencies fine a framework for agreement, but we can From its headwaters in Carlton County in states, improve recruitment procedures, to not agree for the parties. The United States to its mouth at the St. Croix, the Kettle construct law enforcement facilities, improve does not seek to impose a settlement. River is about 53 miles long. It flows community-police relations, and strengthen The most significant feature of the United through a wide variety of geological for police and court procedures. The Congress States' proposal is that it leaves open large mations and spectacular scenery. At its appropriated $268 million for these programs and vital areas of negotiation to the parties source, it courses through glacial mo this year. 85 percent of which goes directly involved. The only pre-conditions contained raine, with pools, caves, kettle holes, and to the states in block grants, and 15 percent in the U.S. proposals are those laid down in of which is allocated for special and innova the 1967 Security Council Resolution. For closely spaced rapids. Then it widens in tive crime control and improved court fa example, the United States does not propose to larger pools, longer rapids, and even c111ties. that Israel withdraw from occupied Arab tually small islands. Below the conflu I believe the people are growing tired of territory except in the context of a mutually ence of the Moose River, the Kettle nar the political jockeying and the partisan accepted peace and with measures to insure rows, with difficult rapids, then widens rhetoric on the crime issue, the charges and the security of both sides. The Israeli posi again, to give a magnificent view of rock counter-charges between the Administration tion, in contrast, is to have negotiations outcroppings, fields, and hardwood and and the Congress. It is time for the Federal without any pre-conditions. But this disre government to concentrate on: gards the UN Resolution. pine fores ts. 1. Providing increased financial aid to The openness of the American proposal is When the river enters Banning State states and communities under legislation al reflected in many areas. For example, with Park, it drops into a gorge 130 feet deep, ready on the books. regard to the United Arab Republic (Egypt), and the rapids become swift, challeng 2. Sharpen the weapons against organized the security arrangements for Sharm al ing, and continue that way for over a crime, aiming particularly at gambling, the Shaykh, the demilitarization of the Sinai mile. Then the river widens and becomes function which finances organized crime. Ad peninsula, and the Gaza Strip are all left pacid, only to change once again into ditionally, we need to enact legislation pro open to negotiation. shallow rapids, very wide, and very pop viding new legal and investigative tools for With regard to Jordan, the status of the ular for canoeists. Finally, it flows into use against organized crime. The McClellan West Bank, the fundamental problem of the the St. Croix, which is part of our na bill, already approved by the Senate Judi refugees, and the control and administration ciary Committee, strengthens the govern of Jerusalem are also left open to negotiation. tional wild rivers system. ment's hand through improved grand jury On the refugee question, the Americans have Mr. Speaker, as I realize the variety procedures, witness protection, syndicate proposed a choice of allowing the refugees of moods of the Kettle River, I am re gambling controls, and curbs on the infiltra to return to Israel or to be resettled in an minded of the line from Yeats where the tion of racketeers into legitimate business. other area. Israel would, under this proposal, poet pledges to "love the sorrows of your 3. Improve crime controls in the District however, be permitted a veto on the number changing face"-a river like this is in of Columbia, and use these procedures as a of refugees it brings into the country. deed like a woman, always changing, al model anti-crime program for other cities. The American proposal says nothing with ways challenging, always lovely in her 4. Place new emphasis on combating juve regard to Syria and the Golan Heights. way. nile crime, where the greatest increase in The United States is also seeking to slow offenders has been, and control of narcotics, the arms race. The U.S. would prefer an arms But, we can value it for more than its which is among the root cause of much limitation agreement with the Soviet Union, lovely scenery and its challenging va crime. but no concrete results have occurred yet. riety. The Kettle River lies in a basin April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12647 roughly 60 t.o 75 miles from the Twin der t-0 view with considerable alarm the was one of the most brutal acts of geno Cities and 50 miles from Duluth. These actions of the Federal Aviation Agency cide in World War II. The facts of the two metropalitan areas contain about in this matter. This story makes all the case have been studied by researchers half the entire papulation of Minnesota, more compelling the reasons to totally and historians and are, thus, well known and are growing larger every day. The discredit Federal compilation of the re to world public opinion. May I remind Kettle River, so near to both, offers a fine sults of all psychological t.ests, for obvi the Members of the historical facts. opportunity for outdoor recreation ously, had such results been available to THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE KATYN trails, canoeing, fishing, camping, at only the FAA, they would have been added to MASSACRE 1 hour's drive over a good interstate Mr. Bailey's profile. In addition, this rep The first news of the mass graves at Katyn highway. Fishing is excellent, especially resents another reason why a national was announced by the Germ.an Radio on for walleyes, sturgeon, and small-mouth data bank would undoubtedly be abused, April 13th, 1943. In the next few days, citing bass. There are caves, gorges, glacial out should it be established. personal documents, identification cards, wash plains, remains of lumbering ac During my Privacy Subcommittee's in letters and newspapers found in the graves tivity-all inviting exploration. vestigation of the proposal of Dr. Hutsch as well as quoting expert opinion of the pathologists, the Germans accused the Rus The area through which the Kettle necker, it came to our attention that sians of mass-murdering Polish officers and flows, Carlt.on and Pine Counties is the vast majority of responsible profes intellectuals in the month of March of 1940. largely farming country; but, there are sionals in psychology and psychiatry On April 15th, 1943, Radio Moscow not plans t.o develop the area's substantial soundly rejected the pro:posal. But I sus only denied the accusations made, but in t.ourism patential, tieing it in with the pect that it was only when congressional turn, charged the Germans with this hideous Danish heritage of the early settlers who .critics joined the struggle and public crime of genocide. have contributed so much to Minnesota hearings were threatened, that the idea On April 17th, 1943, the Polish Govern and the Nation. Including the Kettle was firmly rejected. Certainly, the FAA's ment-in-Exile in London appealed to the International Red Cross at Geneva to conduct River in the national wild and scenic obviously unethical and probably un an impartial investigation and determine rivers system would greatly aid the de sound personality profile on Mr. Bailey the actual facts of the Katyn crime. velopment of the tourist industry in this lends strong credence to that view, for Nine days later, on April 26th, 1943, the area, so much in need of economic stimu the dossier was being assembled at ex Soviet Union severed diplomatic relations lus. actly the time HEW was preparing its with the Polish Government in London, de So, Mr. Speaker, I offer this bill to report on Dr. Hutschnecker's modest pro nouncing it falsely as acting in collaboration protect the Kettle River for future uses posal. It is my opinion that this was the with Nazi Germany. With the quoted dates as the background, by including it in the national wild and most appalling misuse of the name of the following facts were ascertained and es scenic rivers system. But the bill will do psychiatry since a magazine purported tablished. much more than that. It will open the to give a personality profile on Senator The bodies of 4,423 Polish officers, scien river for the more than 2 million Min BARRY GOLDWATER. tists, professors, chaplains, lawyers and stu nesotans who increasingly will need out Mr. Speaker, I insert the most recent dents were found in three mass graves in the door recreational opportunities as the evidence supporting my call for a Select Katyn Forest. Their last place of imprison urban areas expand. It will give them Committee on Technology, Human ment has been the military prisoners camp an experience of the wildness and the at Kozielsk. Values, and Democratic Institutions into Held in another camp at Starobielsk were beauty that so stunned and awed the the RECORD at this :point: an additional 3,290 Polish officers, while 6,570 first explorers. It will help the economy FAA ADMITS PROBING BAILEY'S PERsONALITY officers were interned in the third camp near of one area of Minnesota that badly The government said yesterday three doc Ostashkov. These prisoners o'f war from the needs an economic boost. And, it will en tors, including a psychiatrist, helped collect Starobielsk and Ostashkov camps disap hance the already great scenic and rec personal information on attorney F. Lee peared without a single clue or trace as to reational opportunities of the St. Croix. Bailey during the air traffic controllers' "sick their whereabouts. The conclusion is thus For all these reasons it truly deserves the out" in which Bailey played a major role. inescapable that they met with the same fate protection of the wild rivers system. A spokesman for the Federal Aviation Ad as that which befell their fellow-officers of ministration (FAA) acknowledged in re the Kozielsk camp. It has not been estab sponse to questions that the agency put to lished as yet whether they rest in some un- · CALLING DR. HUTSCHNECKER-DR. gether a "profile" on the flamboyant lawyer identified up to the present time mass graves, HUTSCHNECKER, REPORT TO THE because "it was our responsibility to define or were simply heretofore drowned at sea. the issues and personalities" involved in the Thus, 14,283 Polish Officers and Intellectu FAA, PLEASE three-week slowdown. als, taken as prisoners of war by the Soviets Bailey is executive director of the Profes in September of 1939, were brutally and in sional Air Traffic Controllers Organization humanely murdered in one of the most HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER (PATCO). shocking crimes of genocide in the history OF NEW JERSEY The FAA was questioned after the New of mankind. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES York Times reported doctors had studied his On September 18, 1951, the House of Rep resentatives appointed a Select Committee to Tuesday, April 21, 1970 childhood and observed his public perform ance and concluded he was motivated pri Investigate the Katyn Massacre. Headed by Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, it is marily by a need "to destroy authority." The Rep. Ray J. Madden of Indiana, the Com not hard to imagine the words in that Times said the doctors called him "a head mittee was composed of Representatives Dan headline ringing through the corridors of hunter . . . his role in life is to slay iel L. Flood of Pennsylvania, Foster Furcolo the highest levels of Government, in view Goliaths." of Massachusetts: Thaddeus Machrowicz of The FAA doctors who assembled the "pro Michigan: Alvin O'Konski of Wisconsin, and of the article in the Washington Post of file" on Bailey include Dr. Peter V. Siegel, Timothy P. Sheehan of Illinois. April 18. In that article, it was disclosed the federal air surgeon; Dr. Homer L. Reigh After a scrupulous and detailed investiga that the Federal Aviation Agency had ard, his deputy, and Dr. H. C. Haynes, a statf tion of the pertinent documents and the constructed a psychiatric profile on F. Lee psychiatrist. hearing of testimony of hundreds of duly Bailey. Allegedly, this pseudoscientific Reighard denied that either he or Siegel identified witnesses, the Committee stated in dossier, including studies of his child put together a report on Bailey. "We are not its two reports, one of July 2nd, 1952, and hood and observation of his public per qualified to make a psychiatric analysis of the second of December 22nd, 1952, that be anyone," he said. yond the slightest shadow of doubt, Russia formances, was to assist in dealing with stands accused of the Katyn Massacre, and Mr. Bailey's leadership of the recent likewise that Russia planned other crimes "sick out" of air traffic controllers. of genocide against Poland as early as the It may have been a "sick out" of con THffiTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE year of 1939. trollers, but it resulted in a "sick in" at The Committee asked the President and the FAA. KATYN MASSACRE the State Department that this indictment I am sure it will be recalled that Dr. with all of the documentary evidence can be Arnold Hutschnecker was the proud filed with the United Nations General As HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI sembly, and that, eventually the case be parent of the proposal to test every OF ll.LINOIS brought before the International Tribunal American 6-year-old for criminal poten IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1n the Hague. tial. By testing tots, he was going to mop Tuesday, April 21, 1970 These facts should have shocked the con up moppets. science of the entire world, and brought Mr. Speaker, one does not have to ap Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the abOut an awareness to the western nations prove of the actions of Mr. Bailey in or- 30th anniversary of the Katyn massacre of the true face of communism. 12648 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970
It 1s a fact of crime, of deceit, of falsehood national relations as long as it remains un number of open churches at present is much and of treachery, which cannot be hidden punished and hidden under the cloak of lower than 7,500. behind the facade of scientific and techno diplomatic expediency. The Soviets continue to close and destroy logicaJ progress of Russia.. Science in itself And those nations which choose to accept the churches, and the faithful a.re complain is not wisdom. Wisdom is based upon moral the knowledge of the Katyn crime in silence, ing that their Bishops with Metropolitan and spiritual values, not upon a calculated carry an irreducible moral debt on their Nikodim at the head are cooperating with and conquest motivated progress of essen historical ledgers. And sooner or later, in one the authorities in that respect. tially neutral sciences. form or another, this debt will have to be How far has the closing of churches gone At the time of the discovery of the Ka.tyn paid. by now? Massacre, the West seemed to have been hyp For once we accept a compromise in moral The believers of G<>rky (Nizhni Novgorod} notized by Russia and her war-time so issues, involving the conscience, the dignity in their petition to the World Council of termed. "co-operation". and the responsibilities of man, then we are Churches in 1969 state that in that city Indeed it is truly a sad commentary upon opening the floodgates of lawlessness, irre (population 1.2 million) there are only three our times, that to this day, the West in its sponsibility and anarchy in both external churches accommodating 4,000 altogether. dealings with the Soviet Union, seems to be and internal affairs of the nation. According to Soviet official statements at suffering as yet from strange post-hypnotic It ls, therefore, fitting, proper and incum least 10% of the population are still be misconceptions and illusions. They weaved bent upon us of Polish heritage, upon us, lievers. That means that only 30% of the offi around as yet under an illusory doctrine of who more poignantly than any other group, cially acknowledged number of believers can so-called co-existence. understand the terrifying meaning of the attend the churches. This is a. rather typical Stalin's Russia was deceiving the West Katyn Massacre-to be the pangs of con case. However we must take into account the with its promises of co-operation. science of the modern man, to tell him that fact that the real figure of believers is much Present day rulers of Russia are deceiving the Katyn crime is the beginning of an evil higher than the 10% offi.cia.lly admitted. us now with a false promise of peaceful co which, if unchecked by the law of truth We must also remember that more and existence. and judgment, could, under the commu more churches a.re still being closed under nist direction and conspiracy, engulf entire Mr. Speaker, the President of the Pol various pretexts. We are rapidly com1ng to humanity. a situation which existed before the World ish American Congress and Polish Na War II when the number of open churches tional Alliance, Mr. Aloysius Mazewski, in U.S.S.R. was not more than 2,000. delivered an address at the 30th anni UNITED NATIONS COMMEMORATES In the mean time Metropolitan Nlgodim versary of the Katyn massacre Sunday, ITS IDOL, LENIN will still be making statements that every April 12, in Chicago and I insert his re thing ls all right and that the Soviet G<>vern marks into the RECORD at this point as a ment is not at all hostile in regard to continuation of my remarks: HON. JOHN R. RARICK religion. 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF KATYN MASSACRE OF LOUISIANA STATEMENT BY VERY REV. ARCHPRIEST GEORGE The Ka.tyn Massacre is a singularly savage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES GRABBE ON METROPOLITAN NIKODIM and abhorrent crime not only against the Recent activities on the pa.rt of the Moscow Polish nation, but against entire humanity. Tuesday, April 21, 1970 Patriarchate make a. statement necessary in It is not only an act of premeditated geno the name of the Russian Orthodox Church cide that will forever blot the pages of man's Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, on Wednesday, the 22d of April, the United Outside of Russia. We wish to stress once history on earth. more the fact that the present Moscow In the vast panorama. of humanity's strug Nations Organization will exert its in Patriarchate and Metropolitan Nikodim, who gle for dignity, justice, brotherhood and a. fluence to honor the anti-Christian has arrived to New York recently, are not viable world in terms of progress and rever butcher, V. I. Lenin on the occasion of true representatives of the Russian Ortho ence for life-the Katyn Massacre stands his lOOth anniversary. That Lenin has dox Church. in bold and terrifying relief as the unre been eulogized by UNESCO, the propa Patriarch Alexis and Metropolitan Nikodim solved, unexpiated and hastily covered up ganda arm of the UNO, as the foremost represent only that part of the Russian crisis of the conscience of the 20th century Church which is under very tight control of mankind-a forever disturbing knowledge international humanist but reminds us that "humanism" is now being employed the Soviet State and the Communist Party. that is gnawing at the hearts and minds of It ls no secret but an openly stated fact men of good wm everywhere. synonymously with atheism. that the aim of Communists is to destroy We all know the fa.cts:-the Soviet secret To honor or laud Lenin, except as the every religion. Organized and registered re service wantonly, without any cause or prov foremost butcher of humanity the world ligious bodies in the U.S.S.R. a.re therefore ocation, murdered 15,000 Polish officers, in has ever known-is an affront to free permitted to exist only as fa-r as it does not tellectuals, educators and professional men people everywhere and a disgrace to the interfere with that program. in the Katyn-Ostashkov area. Some four Our Church has realized the meaning of thousand mutilated bodies were found in the memory of the millions of victims of Lenin and his Bolshevik totalitarian so that process long ago. Therefore we con Ka.tyn Forest. The rest of the victims remain sistently protest against any talks whatever in unknown graves. cialist dictatorship. By comparison with with prelates of the official Moscow Church We also know that the guilt of the Soviet Lenin-Hitler, Genghis Khan, Eichmann, who claim to represent the Russian Ortho Union in this crime has been established and Nero must be considered rank ama dox Church but actually are a.gents of the beyond any shadow of doubt by both-the teurs. Who next will the upside down Soviet Government. No priest or Bishop can Polish authorities in London during the leadership of the United Nations Orga be appointed to any position without an ap closing months of World War Two, and later, nization honor? Dillinger, Al Capone, proval of the Government. Brave defenders by the House of Representatives Select Com of the Faith do not receive a clearing. True mittee. Bonnie and Clyde? I insert reports on the "humanist" re believers among the clergy, actually devoted In the mass of incontrovertible evidence, to the Church in the first place, more and Russia stands before the world as the perpe pression of churches in Russia and a re more are disappearing from the scene being trator of this ghastly crime of genocide. lated newsclipping follow: substituted by persons fully obedient to the Yet the Russian masters, with Polish blood How MANY CHURCHES ARE STILL OPEN IN THE Soviets. These people make a lot of false on their hands, were accepted without any U.S.S.R.? statements a.bout the freedom of religion protest in international councils and confer (Press release of Synod of Bishops of the Rus in U.S.S.R. Such a case came to the open ence. when Metropolitan Nikodim declared that In the minds of honest and concerned sian Orthodox Church, outside of Russia Mar.24, 1970) a letter of Kirov believers about the persecu men everywhere, Russia stands accused of tion of the Church was anonymous. Mr. Tal the Katyn Massacre. In 1952 Archbishop Boris stated in New antov, one of the signers and probably the Yet,-neither in the United Nations nor York, that there were 24,000 open churches author of that open letter, learned of this in the diplomatic chancelleries of great pow in U.S.S.R. (Newsweek January, 1952). Nine statement by Metropolitan Nikodim from a ers, is one word even whispered about this years later, in 1961, the Moscow Patriarchate BBC broadcast. A new statement by Talantov horrifying Soviet guilt. told the World Council of Churches that it reached us a.broad in which he protests Diplomatic sophistry tells us that the time had 20,000 churches. The average number against the words of the Metropolitan who 1s not opportune for pressing charges against officially quoted by the Patriarchate during went so far as to express his readiness to the Soviets in this matter. Nearly three dec the last five years was 10,000. However, in swear to the truth of his false statement. ades elapsed since the discovery of the Ka.tyn 1966, in an official Communist Party publica "After this broadcast", writes Ta.lantov, "it mass graves. In these decades, the statesmen t ion "Spravochnik Propagandists i Agitators." became clear to me why the KGB officer had and diplomats of the West played havoc with it was stated that the Patriarchate has only proposed to me that I repudiate my signature human conscience by pretending that the 7,500 churches. This figure is more reliable to the 'Open Letter' ". evil of the Soviet design against the basic since the Patriarchate has always exaggerated human decency does not exist. the number of open churches for the purpose MOSCOW AND THE CHURCH IN AMERICA And this compromising with evil as ex of propaganda abroad. It is comprehensible that those who are emplified in the Katyn Massacre shall re Since 1966 very many more churches have familiar with the fact that the Patriarchate's main a deeply disturbing factor in inter- been closed. We can assume therefore that Foreign Relations Department is actually di- .
April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12649 rected by the Soviet Government are sus the consolidation in the form of permitting Item: The doctrine that violent revolution picious of very enterprise of Metropolitan Roman Catholics to receive all sacraments in must engulf the world. Nikodim. That is the reason why the ques the Orthodox Church without renouncing With his government newly installed after tion of granting to the Russian American their faith and being converted. On the other seizure of the Russian revolution by the Bol Metropolia of the status of authocephaly hand that decision is pleasing for the Vati sheviks, Lenin wrote that "either the Soviet from Moscow has become a very controversial can as being in harmony with its ecumenical government triumphs in every country in matter, often raising a whole uproar. The views and aims. If that act provokes confu the world or the most reactionary imperial newspaper in Russian, "Novoye Russkoye sion in the Orthodox World the Soviet Gov ism triumphs ... one or the other. There is Slovo", was so overloaded with articles in the ernment does not care. no middle course." When Soviet power was form of paid advertisements, that it stopped RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN U.S.S.R. fully established, he predicted, "We may ex pect the world revolution." printing and accepting them. They were Our last and perhaps the most interesting mainly directed against the acceptance of Item: The doctrine that only constant point of discussion today is the reaction of violence can bring political change. the authocephaly from Moscow and often believers to the persecution of Religion. More written in very strong language. The action "Great historical questions," wrote Lenin, and more parishes are closed. Enormous ef "can be solved only by violence, and orga has caused a lot of discord in parishes which forts are made by the Soviets to wipe out any could be expected from the very beginning. nization of violence in the modern struggle traces of Religion from the minds of the peo is a military organization." The leaders of the Moscow Patriarchate and ple. However, an underground movement is officers of the MVD directing Church affairs Item: The doctrine that wars are inevit growing. It always existed but the voice of able until the day of world communism. could not fail to forsee it. The issue has brave believers was rarely heard abroad. It caused discord between Moscow, Constan "As long as capitalism and socialism exist was hushed up in the cells of prisons and we cannot live in peace,'' wrote Lenin. "In tinople, the Metropolia and other Churches. offices of the KGB. Now some channels have It has also weakened the authority of the the end, one or the other will triumph-a appeared through which we hear the voice funeral dirge will be sung over the Soviet leadership of the Metropolia among its clergy of those who challenge the Soviet policies in and parishes. If Constantinople sticks to its republic or over world capitalism." Again: open statement. They are largely enco~~ged "The existence of the Soviet republic side guns and Moscow will not back out, the by radio emissions and smuggled religious authocephaly of the Metropolia will be rec by side with imperialist states for a long literature from the West. time is unthinkable. One or the other must ognized only by Churches directly controlled Mr. Gleb Rar can give you some informa from Moscow, and relations with other triumph in the end. And before that end tion about the response to that work. He is supervenes, a series of frightful collisions Churches will be strained as Patriarch Athen taking part in it as a member of a group of agoras has justly stated in his letter to between the Soviet republic and the bour our believers in Europe called "The Orthodox geois states will be inevitable." Patriarch Alexis. Even the merger of par Action". Formerly he has given much time ishes of the Moscow Patriarchate in this Item: The notion that there are good wars to the study of the situation of Religion in and bad wars. country with the Metropolia is questionable. the U.S.S.R. and has published a book about It seems that the opposition among them is "Socialists, without ceasing to be Social it. He has also worked several years in Berlin ists, cannot oppose any kind of war," said very strong. In that way Moscow will have a helping escapees before their flow was good excuse to maintain its foothold and Lenin. "Socialists never would oppose revo- stopped by the building of the wall between 1utionary wars." But "if war is waged by the spread its influence in the parishes of her East and West parts of the City. daughter-Church. Future development will exploiting class with the object of strength no doubt be bringing them closer and closer enincr its class rule, such war is a criminal together, opening new opportunities for (From the Baton Rouge (La.) Advocate, Apr. war,''; translated, this means that wars for Moscow propaganda. The same thing is hap 19, 1970] Communist aims are good, all others are bad. pening in Japan. COMMUNISTS SCHEDULE NEAR-RELIGIOUS RITES Item: The concept of guerrilla war as an FOR LENIN ANNIVERSARY instrument to spread communism. MOSCOW AND THE VATICAN Rulers of countries populated by more "Of course," Lenin told the Communist in Another important thing has happened in than a billion people plan extravagant quasi ternational in 1921, "there are many more the relationship between the Moscow Patri religious rites this week to celebrate the leg difficulties in this sphere than in any others, archate and the Vatican. Moscow has sur acy of Lenin. but at all events the movement is advanc prised the Orthodox World by its agreement The man who took that revolutionary ing and in spite of the fact that the masses with the Vatican permitting Roman Catho name was born Vladimir Olyich Ulyanov 100 of toilers and peasants in colonial countries lics to have access to Russian Orthodox sac years ago on April 22 in Simbirsk, now Uly are still backward, they will play a very im raments. From the Vatican point of View ac anovsk, and died almost 5 years later in portant part in coming phases of the world cording to Instructions issued after Vatican Moscow. revolution. II sacraments may be given to the Orthodox What blessings were bequeathed to man Item: Terror and coercion must be used on a reciprocal basis. However, this is incon kind by the founder of Bolshevism and the by proletarians as instruments of state au sistent with the Orthodox canon law. There Soviet state? A glance around the world pro thority. fore a unilateral decision of the Moscow vides plenty of evidence of the legacy. .. We have never rejected terror in princi Patriarchate, even without consultation with In the 25 years since World War II ended, ple, nor can we do so,'' wrote Lenin. "Terror other Orthodox Churches, has been quite a the world has seen more than 400 major is a form of military operation which may shock for them, so closely following the eruptions of violence. Several had the super be usefully applied or maybe even essential shock made by t.he unilateral decision in re powers on the brink of nuclear war. Lenin's in certain moments, under certain condi gard to the authocephaly in America. teachings, as applied by his successors, must tions." Again: "The state belongs to the At every action involvlng foreign relations share the blame. sphere of coercion. It would be madness to this could not be done without instructions Today Lenin's writings are endlessly quoted renounce coercion, particularly in the epoch from the atheist government. As the Synod as incontrovertible gospel to justify actions of the dictatorship of the proletariat." of the Church of Greece has pointed out in both of the violent, impatient revolutionaries VANGUARD ROLE its statement on that occasion, it is impossi and the cautious Communist bureaucrats en ble to find can:nonical or dogmatical grounds trenched in their own countries. Item: The Communists are an anointed for such a decis~on. We must therefore look Much of Lenin is self-contradictory. His elite destined to lead the masses, and only for motives of the Moscow Patriarchate on works can be interpreted by widely divergent one party must wield all the power. another side. We know that a lively exchange elements to support their respective causes. "Bolsheviks," counseled Lenin, "must never of visits took place lately between Rome and The Chinese Communists claim to be the forget their role as the vanguard as distinct Moscow. Two Russian priests are living in only true Leninists. The Russians denounce from "the whole of the masses.'" The con Rome at the Russicum for quite a long time. the Chinese as outrageous heretics and claim cept of proletarian dictatorship, he wrote, Metropolitan Nikodim as a pilgrim and to be the only true Leninists. National Com "has meaning only when the single class Metropolitan Philaret Denisenko of Kiev munists, international Communists, Trotsky knows that it alone take political power have visited Rome recently. We can therefore ists, Stalinists, Maoists all claim to be the into its hands and does not deceive either it presume that some negotiations preceded the only true Len:inists. And all these have some self or others by fine speeches about 'popular, Moscow decision. In that respect we must thing in common: a conviction that revolu generally elected, sanctified by all the peo take into consideration that Vatican has tion led by communists must sweep over ple' authority." much to discuss with Moscow since the Ro the world. Item: Communists in all countries owe man Catholics and the Uniates have been For all of them, Lenin is the true prophet. their first allegiance to Moscow. very much persecuted in the U.S.S.R. Nearly Orthodox Moscow-liners and far-out ultra "Every party that wishes to affiliate to all the Roman Catholic churches are closed revolutionaries alike select and adapt Lenin the Communist International,'' Lenin told and of course the Vatican must be worried as needed, believing with him that victory that world conspiracy, "must render selflessly about its faithful deprived of all sacraments. is the only goal, hesitation the only crime, devoted assistance to every Soviet republic Presumably that question had to be raised that the end justifies any means at all. in its struggle against counter revolutionary in the talks during exchanges of Visits, at Lenin's works are used as a blueprint for forces." meetings with Metropolitan Nikodim and strategy and tactics and have much to do Item: Organized subversion and deception perhaps in direct talks with Soviet officials. with today's turmoil around the world. Here abroad is a revolutionary tactic. It is my guess that the Vatican was offered are only a few of the teachings of Leninism: Lenin said Communists must combine 11- 12650 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970
legal and legal activities, "resort to all sorts and a plan to follow, action could be ta.ken plan, and assist the community. As can be of strategems, maneuvers, illegal methods, enlisting the necessary coo~ration of nature. seen in the Turtle Creek illustration, if all evasions and subterfuges so as only to get MULTIPHASED ROLES phases are carefully followed, a quality en into the trade unions, remain in them and vironment can be obtained and maintained. carry on Oommunist work within them at The first part of the SWCD's multiphased all costs." They must be able to accept defeat role called for the unification of the people SPEECH OF LARRY STEIKER, DIVINE HEART and humiliation whenever it helps the cause, of Turtle Creek. Farmer, businessman, house SEMINARY DONALDSON, IND. because the end justifies the means. "If you wife, student, and manufacturer all affect Ladies and Gentlemen, good evening. are unable to adapt yourself, if you are not nature and, conversely, are affected by na "The wind grew strong and hard, and it inclined to crawl in the mud on your belly, ture. Thus, no segment of the community can worked at the rain crust in the corn fields. you are not a revolutionary, but a chatter be overlooked. Realizing this important fact, Little by little the sky was darkened by the box." the district united the county government, mixing dust, and the wind felt over the POWERFUL OPPONENT news media, civic groups, churches and earth loosened the dust and carried it schools, and other local organizations with What if the system the Communists oppose a.way. The finest dust did not settle back the common goal of developing a quality en to the earth now, but disappeared into the is powerful? Compromise may be temporarily vironment for Turtle Creek. necessary because "to accept battle at a time darkening sky. The corn threshed the wind, The next step, the education of the com and made a dry rushing sound." when it is obviously advantageous to the munity, was accomplished through education enemy and not to us is a crime, and those programs and such events as tours, exhibits, ABANDONING OLD WAYS OF LIFE political leaders of the revolutionary class and a conservation camp for the youth. Soil The preceeding passage, from John Stein who are unable to tack, to maneuver, to com and water conservation experts were asked beck's, "Grapes of Wrath", conveys the promise in order to a.void an obviously dis to speak to the Turtle Creek landowners. hardships of the farmers who lived through advantageous battle are good for nothing." Bulletins from the Agricultural Research the dust storms of the 1930's. Plagued by Center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture dust storms, bankruptcy, and other calami were distributed throughout the community. ties, the farmers of Oklahoma., as depicted Several leaders from the community were by John Steinbeck's Pulitzer Prize winning INDIANA SOIL AND WATER CONSER elected to be trained by the State Soil and novel, "The Grapes of Wrath", were a sul VATION DISTRICT PUBLIC SPEAK Water Conservation Committee so that the len frustra.ted lot. The tragedies of depres ING CONTEST SWCD would be intelligently directed. sion heightened their frustration, the frus The third step in the SWCD's multiphased tration, that forced them to abandon not role to develop a quality environment was only their homes and farms, but ... their HON. JOHN BRADEMAS to establish a plan of action, one that would ways of life. not only solve the present problems, but also "The Soil and Water Conservation Dis OF INDIANA prevent future ones from arising. This re trict--Its roles in developing a quality en IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quired intelligent planning, ample foresight, vironment for Hoosiers." Tuesday, April 21, 1970 and accurate information on the soils in the In my speech tonight, I would like to district. To obtain this information, soil sur discuss the functions of the Soil and Water Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, three veys were taken to discover where flooding Conservation District and the problems students from Indiana's Third Congres might occur, where drainage was a problem, that it confronts. sional District have been winners in the where septic tanks would not work, what OPERATING STRUCTURE OF THE SOIL AND WATER soils were not safe for buildings or roads, CONSERVATION DISTRICT Indiana Soil and Water Conservation and similar important facts. With this neces District public speaking contest. sary information, the SWCD was able to plan Soil and Water Conservation Districts are These speeches highlight the efforts watershed and fiood prevention projects legally constituted units or instrumentalities of the soil and water conservation dis whose main purpose was to control flooding of State government, created to administer tricts in protecting the quality of our en and protect the land. However, it was neces soil and water conservation work within their sary to take such needs as community water boundaries. Each district is ::;elf-governed. It vironment for over 30 years. has authority to enter into working agree Phil Rarrick, a student at Clay High supply needs, recreation needs, and wildlife needs into consideration before Turtle Creek ments with other governmental agencies and School, South Bend, won the St. Joseph could have a comprehensive plan that would with private concerns to carry out its pur County division of this public speaking be mutually beneficial to all. poses. The Soil and Water Conservation Dis contest. Finally, the last step could be ta.ken to trict provides assistance to rural land owners In the northwestern Indiana area divi fulfill the SWCD's four-fold role. The ~o and operators, watershed associations, and sion of the contest, Larry Stucker was ple were united, educated, and had a plan others. Once established, a soil and water to follow. The fourth phase called for the Conservation District, is legally responsible the winner and Joe Zsigray placed sec for soil and water conservation within its ond. Both of these Marshall County stu plan to be implemented and the people of Turtle Creek, with the assistance of the territory, much as a county is responsible dents attend the Divine Heart Seminary SWCD, attacked their problems with a con for roads or a school district for education. at Donaldson, Ind. fident zeail. The district helped landowners The Soil and Water Conservation District Mr. Speaker, I insert these three develop, apply, and maintain conservation enters into cooperative agreements with land speeches in the RECORD: plans on their land. It sponsored small owners and operators who wish to partici watershed programs. It provided leadership pate in the district's program. THE SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DIS In general, a two-point consensus is TRICT-ITS ROLE IN DEVELOPING A QUAL for area and community-wide conservation projects. The district also assisted several reached by the state and its districts, and ITY ENVmONMENT FOR HOOSIERS that is this: ' (By Phil Rarrick) community organizations in developing a beautiful and functional landscape for the ( 1) The land owner or opera.tor agrees to Turtle Creek was a typical Indian town community. prepare and follow a conservation plan for until the floods came, causing erosion of the using his land within its capability and rich topsoil and extensive crop damage. Then A QUALITY ENVmONMENT treating it according to its needs. droughts followed the floods, drying up the Today, the people of Turtle Creek only (2) The district agrees to provide a soil and meager water supplies and destroying more need to look around them to see how effec land capability map, information, technical crops. As these calamities continued, the tive their SWCD has been in fulfilling its assistance, and other services and materials farmers found it increasingly difficult to comprehensive role to develop a quality as available and needed to help the "coop make a living. The townspeople suffered also, environment. A system of pipes drains the erator" (and this is an important term), car since the farmers could not buy merchan fields and protects against fioods. A res ry out the plan. dise from their stores. Like a man slowly ervoir has increased the available water Individual fa.rm, ranch, and other soil and wasting away from the lethal growth of can supply three times, thus erasing fears of water conservation plans are the backbone cer, Turtle Creek was gradually dying. drought damage in the future. The farmers of a soil and water conservation program. Suddenly, the people realized that they have become more pros~rous than ever A plan gives a land owner or operator a were in a fight for survival. Quickly they or before and, in turn, the townsfolk have picture of his soil and water resources, his ganized a soil and water conservation dis thrived. Living now in a quality environ land's conservation needs, and the soil and trict (SWCD). If Turtle Creek was to sur men1<., the people of Turtle Creek are reap water management problems. It enables him vive, its people concluded, it must develop ing the benefits nature bestows those who to make needed land use changes and to a quality environment as soon as possible. use her wisely. install needed combinations of practices in They decided that the SWCD's role would, Turtle Creek is, of course, a hypothetical an orderly manner. therefore, be four-fold. First, the community example, illustrating the SWCD's multi Actually the purposes and objectives of the would have to be unified. Then it would have phased role in developing a quality en district, boil down to this; the installment to be educated. Next, a plan for dealing with vironment. In the development stage, this of a spirit of welfare and general concern, the immediate conservation problems and role is a step by step process. However, when and cooperation among the agricultural com those of the future would have to be made. a quality environment is developed, the munity. Finally, with a unified, educated community, SWCD must continue to unify, educate, This cooperation manifests itself in face April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12651 of the overwhelming problems which con vation District, and it is no exaggeration to a.re able to do amazing feats, such as grasp front the agricultural community today. state that conservation is every one's con ing, picking up, setting down, pushing, or cern. pull1ng. So to with The Soil and Water Con GROWING PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION In the novel "Grapes of Wrath," which I servation District. We, the individual land The problems of the 1930's are past, but referred to in the beginning of my speech, owners and operators, a.re the fingers of the that is not to say that there are not prob the Joad Family 1s forced to flee their home District. Each individual can do a limited lems of the same magnitude and dimension because of inevitable disaster. I sometimes amount of work, but put all these individuals existing today. wonder that if the Joad family were able to into an organized structure such as the Soil The complex problems of ecology and man's utilize an organization such as the Soil and and Water Conservation District, the work struggle with his environment are reflected Water Conservation District, as an effective which can be done is astonishing. The results in the growing problems of pollution. weapon to combat their problems, they might of the District's work in the past testifies to Industries are encouraged to move into never have been forced from their homestead, this fact. Again, the results of the District's rural and suburban areas where often, laws and their way of life. work in the present depends on us. governing the disposal of waste are eit~er Good Evening. The same problems that have plagued the weak or nonexistent. In order to economize, State in the pa.st are in exis·tence today. industrialists often choose low-priced farm WINNER SUB-AREA CONTEST Maybe they exist to a lesser degree, but the acreage to deposit large amounts of waste. fact remains that they still do exist. The The massive abuse of our water resources THE SoIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT: ITS ROLE IN DEVELOPING A QUALITY ENVI approach in dealing with these problems is is graphically proven by the Department of through the Watershed programs sponsored Interior, which claims that only 6.7% of RONMENT FOR HOOSIERS (By Joe Zsigray) by the districts. Presently, 87 such projects water that Industry draws for its own use, have been approved for construction. These is actually used. 6.7% ! ! Thirty years a.go, the Soil and Water Con programs cover about 35% of the state's And looking further into the peripheral servation District was established in the land mass. But these programs must have of problems facing the agricultural as well State of Indiana. Its purpose: to help solve our full support if they a.re to be successful. as the urban communities. One must per the growing problems facing conservation We must support these programs not only ceive the inevitable rise in population. in the state. Since 1940 to the present time, in spirit, but also more importantly by our Unless the agricultural community, and it has labored at this task. financial assistance and by our work. So is the urban community cooperate on matters Although the Soil and Water Conserva the Soil and Water Conservation District of conservation, by working through these tion District does exist, what is its role in fulfill1ng its role of developing a quality state-wide Soil and Water Conservation Dis the State of Indiana? I feel that the answer environment for Hoosiers? I think it is, for tricts, Hoosiers will eventually be faced with to this question can be found in the topic on the cooperation and the spirit presently is these questions. Will Indiana be ready to which we are to speak about tonight. The high, and the Watershed programs are very feed a growing population? Is there enough role of the Soil and Water Conservation Dis much developing in the state. clean water for Hoosiers? Can Hoosiers live trict is developing a quality environment for in a quality environment with such abuse hoosiers. The next logical question is to ask, CHALLENGE OF THE FUTURE and pollution? Is the role of developing a quality environ My final question is: Will the Soil and It is no longer a luxury for the State of ment for hoosiers being fulfilled by the Soil Water Conservation District fulfill its role Indiana to become involved in the conserva and Water Conservation District? Let us ex in the future? This is a very serious question, tion to our environment. It is no longer a amine this question! for in the future, the population of this state hobby to be concerned about our soil and FULFILLING PAST ROLE will increase. With this population increase, water problems. cities will also become larger and will have Improper price stabilization contributes Let's turn to the past! In the past to expand. The result: large industrial cities, not only to the imbalance of the agricultural has the Soil and Water Conservation District a large hungry population, and a smaller community, but to the American economy as fulfilled its role? Since its conception in agricultural area in which to raise crops to well. 1940 the Soil and Water Conservation Dis support this population. Therefore, it will When a farmer lacks knowledge of flood trict' has worked hard in trying to solve the be of the utmost importance that land be prevention and draining techniques and problems of flooding, erosion, improper land wisely and properly used, that erosion caused other essentials, he not only deprives him useage, and other such conservation prob by wind and water be kept to a minimum. self of success, but damages agricultural lems plagueing the State, thus helping to de It will only be in this way, can the land progress as well. velop a quality environment for hoosiers. yield its full amount year after year which Since its conception in 1940, the Soll and COOPERATION AND COMMUNITY SPmIT will be needed to support so large a popula Water Conservation District has renovated tion. But this can only be done through The Soil and Water Conservation District over % million acres of pastureland, thus not is a cooperative, and a community. When one the cooperation of rural and urban com only providing a source of food for livestock munities alike. member of the community contributes but also preventing erosion by planting poorly, he endangers the progress of the en We have seen the role of the Soil and grasses to hold the soil firm. To protect our Water Conservation District. That role is tire community. And likewise, when a fa.rm.er crop lands from erosion, over ¥,i million acres achieves success, his accomplishments con developing a quality environment for Hoo of contour plowing and over 2000 miles of siers. We have seen that the Soil and Water tribute to the welfare of the entire com terracing have been done. In the area of munity. A farmer's success in the district Conservation District has fulfilled its role water care, over 22,000 erosion and water in the past and is continuing to do so in tl;le can actually be attributed in many cases to control structures have been established. the cooperation he received from his fellow present. The big question is: Will the Soil Some of these structures include check dams and Water Conservation District fulfill its farmers in the Soil and Water Conservation and grass water-ways to prevent excessive District. role in developing a quality environment in soil loss due to flooding waters, ponds and the future? The well-being of the whole--depends en reservoirs to store water needed for use. To tirely upon the efforts of each individual You are the Soil and Water Conservation protect and to develop our forests, the Soil District. That question I leave to you. member. A machine cannot work properly and Water Conservation District has unless all of its parts function correctly, ... planted over 106,000 acres of trees, not only and so it is with the Soil and Water Conser is it providing wood and lumber supplies vation District. for our future generations, but more impor Probably the closest parallel that can be tantly it is making available a home for wild SOUTH AFRICAN THREADS AMONG drawn to the Hoosier/American Soil and Con life which needs the forest for survival. So THE GOLD servation District system, is the "kibbutz" in the past, I think we can safely say that system in Israel. A "kibbutz" or "moshav" in the Soil and Water Conservation District has Israel, impresses upon each individual his fulfilled its role in developing a quality en HON. RICHARD T. HANNA importance to the community. A "moshav" is vironment for Hoosiers. OF CALIFORNIA a group of families living in one community. Each family, each individual contributes to LIKE A HAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the betterment of the other, through agri Now, how about the present? Is the Soil Tuesday, April 21, 1970 cultural production. A democratically run and Water Conservation District fulfilling organization, the moshav provides the equip its role in the present? The answer to this Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I would like ment and training that is necessary for the question lies largely with us. For we are at this time to include in the RECORD an farmer to survive successfully. the Soil and Water Conservation District, so article written by my noted colleague This is the type of organization that the what we do will deterinine whether or not from Wisconsin, Congressman HENRY the District Fulfills its role. Soil and Water Conservation District is. The REuss. Extracted from the March 20, district provokes interest in its activities by For you see, the Soil and Water Conser 1970, issue of Commonweal, the article sponsoring such projects as the Orathorical vation District is like a hand. A hand is made Contest that yiou are now listening to. up of fingers, each individual and capable of deals with an area in which the Con Cooperation and community spirit gener some movement. But put these Fingers in gressman is eminently qualified, interna ate the success!Ul Soil and Water Conser- an organized structure such as the hand they tional finance. Long interested in and 12652 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 concerned about international monetary financial markets were unsettled by the de modity as gold. These legitimate fears of problems, Mr. REuss now serves as chair valuation of the pound sterling in Novem central bankers rould well have been stilled man of the Subcommittee on Interna ber, 1967, and by the disastrous fourth had the U.S. taken the lead in asking the qua.rter United States balance of payments IMF to guarantee the $35 an ounce value of tional Finance. deficit. The United States, the United King all legitimate monetary gold. Already an author in his own right, the dom, and other members of the "gold pool" A second concern was that the world's cen Congressman has added but one more poured gold into the London market, trying tral bankers might begin to welsh on the credit to his knowledge and expertise, to prevent the speculators from raising the March, 1968, two-tier agreement, and openly having presented in this article an in price to well above $35. The fear was that if or clandestinely buy and sell gold in the pri teresting and informed consideration of the free market price of gold went to around vate market in order to make a quick profit. the current policies of the Treasury De $50 an ounce, central bankers would sell The House-Senate Subcommittee on Inter their gold in this market for a profit, replace national Exchange and Payments pointed partment toward South African gold it from the United States at $35 an ounce out that the Treasury had a splendid weapon purchases and the international gold by presenting their dollars, and then repeat for dissuading foreign central banks who market. Mr. REuss has suggested con the process until the United States was forced might be tempted to violate the March, 1968, tradictions in this policy which deserve to raise the price of gold. The gold pool agreement. As the Subcommittee recom consideration by concerned individuals, poured some $3 b11lion of gold into the Lon mended: "The Secretary of the Treasury both in Congress and in the public at don market within a few weeks. But the price could condition his purchase of gold from a large. of gold continued to go up, and a catastrophe foreign monetary authority on the latter's The article follows: loomed ahead. assurance that it had not obtained 'bootleg' But then, in the nick of time, the seven gold, whether newly mined or hoarded, from SOUTH AFRICAN THREADS AMONG THE GoLD gold pool countries framed the March 17, the private market. This Treasury 'condi (By HENRY S. REUSS) 1968 Washingt.on two-tier gold agreement. tion' would be intended to, and in all likeli The United States Treasury apparently Professor Richard Cooper of Yale, adviser to hood would in fact, discourage foreign official just can't stand prosperity. No sooner had the both the Johnson and Nixon Administra purchases of 'bootleg' gold because of the world monetary system won the war by South tions, describes that agreement: "To prevent knowledge that to do so would cause the Africa to force the free market price of gold further losses, in March 1968 the pool took withdrawal of any U.S.-financed floor." dangerously out of sight than the Treasury, the far-reaching step of allowing the market The Subcommittee went on to warn that la.st December 30, concluded an agreement price of gold to go free. The intent of this "the U.S. Treasury should under no fore with South Africa and the International action was to divide gold into two commodi seeable circumsitances agree to support- Monetary Fund whereby the IMF-and ulti ties, one for monetary purposes and one for either directly, through the IMF, or by sanc mately the United States-will support the private uses. All new gold was to be directed tioning the purchases of other industrial price of South African gold by buying it at to private uses; central banks agreed neither countries-the free market price of gold." $35 an ounce whenever the price dips below to sell nor to buy gold outside the monetary RECOMMENDATION IGNORED that figure in the free market. system. It was as if all monetary gold on March 17 were painted indelibly blue, with The Treasury chose to ignore the Subcom To understand the meaning of the yea.r mittee's recommendation-as of course it has end gold agreement, let us look at the history the claim that no new gold would be so painted in the future. This blue gold could a legal right to do. On December 30, 1969, of gold and the dollar in the la.st 25 years. with Congress safely out of session, the Treas Under the 1945 Bretton Woods Charter on transfer among central banks in settlement of international debts at a value of $35 an ury entered into the agreement With South which the international monetary system is Africa. Under that agreement, South Africa based, the United States agreed to sell gold ounce. Metallic gold could sell in the mar ket like any other non-ferrous metal, the will sell its current gold output in the private to official monetary authorities for $35 an gold markets when the price is above $35 an ounce. The U.S. gold reserve was then some price reflecting a balance between supply and demand for private uses. This division ounce (an agreement of doubtful value, since $20 billion, and foreign dollar claims against South Africa had just established that it, it were only $7 billion. Thus it looked as if of markets was to be policed by the refusal of the U.S. Treasury, the only government for all practical purposes, has to do this in the United States could support this vestige any event in order to avoid a balance of pay of the gold standard without embarrassment committed to buy and sell gold for its cur rency, to deal in gold with those central ment crisis for South Africa). When the price to itself. is below $35 an ounce, South Africa will be But for the last 20 years the United States banks that traded in gold with the private sector." able to sell the IMF whatever amounts of gold has been losing gold and accumulating are needed in order to pay for South Africa's short-term debts it owes foreigners. Today Within a few weeks the United States had obtained the adherence to the two-tier gold trade and investment. The IMF would im our gold stock is $11.9 billion, and the dol mediately unload i.ts gold to its members. lar claims outstanding in foreign hands are agreement of more than 80 countries As the only country in the world committed $42.6 billion. This four-to-one bookkeeping everybody important but France and South to buy gold at a fixed price, the United States "insolvency" exposes us to pressures which Africa. South Africa for more than a year thus undertook an open-ended commiltment caused us seriously to retard economic until mid-1969-tried to break the agree to act as a purchaser of la.st resort for any growth in the first half of the 1960's and to ment by playing the old monopolist game South African gold entering the interna impose undesirable controls on American in of withholding its product from the market. tional monetary system. The agreement con vestment and aid in more recent years. The free market price of gold accordingly cluded, South Africa Finance Minister Countries like France have a long history shot above $40 an ounce. Nicola.as Diederichs went home to Pretoria, to of using financial power for political pur South Africa needs to sell practically all well-deserved applause. poses. France withdrew funds from Austria her annual gold production-around $1 bil What is puzzling is that the United States in 1931 to pressure Austria into avoiding lion-in order to overcome her normal bal Treasury also apparently expected applause union with Germany-a move that led to ance of payments deficit, also about $1 bil for its agreement. The official Treasury justi the collapse of the Credit-Anstalt bank in lion. By keeping her gold off the market, she fication for the agreement was that it was Vienna, which in turn led to a collapse of the was able to force the price up, in the hope "essential to the preservation of the two-tier international monetary system and in part that central banks would depart from the 1968 agreement." But the 1968 agreement, as to the rise of Hitler. two-tier agreement and once again threaten Professor Cooper has described it, was to More recently, in the mid-1960's, France the United States with the necessity of retain existing monetary gold in the system, embarked upon a campaign to harass the doubling the price of gold, or else. But to but not to add to it. Every ounce of South dollar. If the United States were forced to South Africa's disappointment, the central African gold added to official monetary re give up her gold for French-held dollars, the banks (with one unimportant exception, serves weakens the two-tier agreement. Al French authorities reasoned, a panic could Portugal) held firm and refused to buy. Thus ready the IMF has been purchasing South well be started which could induce the South Africa, desperate for foreign exchange, African gold under the December 30, 1969, United States to bolster her flagging reserve was forced to sell gold on the free market In agreement, since the free market price has position by doubling the price of gold. Thus the second half of 1969. The price of gold remained below the $35 an ounce level. the French gold speculators would be re promptly declined, ending up below $35 an Americans were shocked to hear some warded in their speculation. ounce. months ago an American major describe the France's efforts to have the price of gold You would have thought that the United leveling of a South Vietnamese village: "In doubled were vigorously joined in by the States Treasury would be rejoicing that the order to save it, we had to destroy it." Appar largest gold producer, South Africa, which war had been won. There were problems, but ently this reasoning appeals to the Treasury: today produces three-fourths of the world's they could have been easily handled. in order to save the two-tier agreement not newly mined gold. The Soviet Union, the The first problem was that some central to introduce new gold into the system, we other large gold producer, sat by, hoping bankers were understandably queasy at the have to introduce new gold into the system that the effort to raise the price of gold prospect of their cherished gold reserves de The December 30, 1969, agreement is un would succeed. clining in value below $35 an ounce. Their wise for at lea.st four reasons: These efforts to torpedo the dollar came citizens might well question the wisdom of 1. It gives speculators against the