April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12611 complete, and unconditional ownership of Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. REES, Mr. ROSEN­ 361. Also, a memorial of the House of Rep­ the 12 Federal Reserve banks; to the Com­ THAL, Mr. RYAN, and Mr. SCHEUER): resentatives of the Commonwealth of Mas­ mittee on Banking and CUrrency. H. Res. 942. A resolution creating a select sachusetts, relative to taking certain actions By Mr. SEBELIUS (for himself, Mr. committee to conduct a full and complete in remembrance of the Katyn Forest Mas­ SHRIVER, Mr. SKUBITZ, and Mr. investigation and study of transportation sacre; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. problems in the ; to the Com­ 362. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the MIZE): H.R. 17141. A bill to amend the Internal mittee on Rules. Legislature of the State of Hawaii, relative Revenue Code of 1954 to provide for the con­ to adopting a policy which would bring the tinuation of the investment tax credit '.for war in Vietnam to an end immediately; to the small businesses, and for other purposes; to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Committee on Foreign Affairs. the Oommittee on Ways and Means. 363. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private the State of Oklahoma, relative to amending By Mr. STEED: bills and resolutions were introduced and the Constitution of the United States to pro­ H.R. 17142. A bill to provide incentives for severally referred as follows: vide for the selection and retention of Fed­ the establishment of new or expanded job­ By Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts: eral judges on a merit basis; to the Commit­ producing industrial and commercial estab­ H.R. 17145. A bill for the relief of Branca tee on the Judiciary. lishments in rural areas; to the Committee C. Alvernaz; to the Committee on the Judi­ 364. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the on Ways and Means. ciary. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relative to By Mr. WHITI'EN: By Mr. McMILLAN: textile imports from countries employing H.R. 17143. A bill to provide for orderly H.R. 17146. A bill supplemental to the act cheap labor; to the Committee on Ways and trade in textile articles and articles of leather of February 9, 1821, incorporating the Co­ Means. footwear and for other purposes; to the lumbian College, now known as The George Committee on Ways and Means. Washington University, in the District of Co­ By Mr. WOLD: lumbia and the acts amendatory or supple­ PETITIONS, ETC. H.R.17144. A bill to improve and modern­ mental thereof; to the Committee on the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions ize the postal service, to reorganize the Post District of Columbia. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Office Department, and for other purposes; and referred as follows: to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. MEMORIALS 454. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Orville L. Cain, Grass Valley, Calif., relative to re­ By Mr. FLOWERS: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials dress of grievances (pt. 1); to the Committee H.J. Res. 1183. Joint resolution proposing were presented and referred as follows: on House Administration. an amendment to the Constitution of the 359. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the 455. Also, petition of the mayor of the city United States relative to equal rights for Legislature of the State of Oklahoma, rela­ of Palatka, Fla., relative to designating Cape men and women; to the Committee on the tive to protecting the continued operation Kennedy as the operational base for the space Judiciary. of small meat slaughtering businesses; to shuttle system; to the Committee on Science By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: the Committee on Agriculture. and Astronautics. H. Con. Res. 581. Concurrent resolution re­ 360. Also, a memorial of the Legislature 456. Also, petition of the city council of lating to an Atlantic Union delegation; to of the State of Hawaii, relative to increasing the city of Maitland, Fla., relative to desig­ the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the Federal milk subsidy for Hawati under nating Cape Kennedy as the operational base By Mr. BINGHAM (for himself, Mr. the National School Lunch Act; to the Com­ for the space shuttle system; to the Com­ HATHAWAY, Mr. KOCH, Mr. MIKVA, mittee on Education and Labor. mittee on Science and Astronautics.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRIBUTE TO L. STOREY STEMMONS One had to be with him in Tower East at bridge of all eternity. Lord, let Thy servant 2700 Stemmons Freeway to fully appreciate be in peace according to Thy word, for mine and understand this one. There was the view eyes have seen Thy salvation which Thou HON. EARLE CABELL of the city that he loved and one could see hast prepared. Glory be to the Fruth er, and to OF TEXAS the relationship with his staff that was char­ the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, as it was in acterized by respect, loyalty and genuine the beginning, is now, and ever shall be. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES affection. Amen. Monday, April 20, 1970 No one who has ever been on a fishing or hunting trip With him will forget the per­ Mr. CABELL. Mr. Speaker, under sonality of Storey Stemmons. By a campfire leave to extend my remarks in the PRIVATE INITIATIVE ON or in a boat, Storey reflected something spe­ POLLUTION RECORD, I include the following message cial. He would bring this "something special" delivered by Dr. Luther Holcomb, Thurs­ into every situation. This was true even dur­ day, April 16, 1970, at the funeral of L. ing the long months of his final illness. When HON. PAUL FINDLEY Storey Stemmons: the doctors told him recently that the end was near, he was still the gracious hos.t want­ OF ILLINOIS MESSAGE DELIVERED BY DR. LUTHER HOLCOMB ing to offer them refreshments and escort IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Storey Stemmons was a man of many them to the door. Tuesday, April 21, 1970 dimensions. He brought to his work high Yes, the Inspirational qua.litlies of Storey gifts of mind and spirit. Stemmons-his buoyant disposttion, his en­ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, private He was trained to be a lawyer. He was a thusiasm for life, his courage and determi­ initiative to meet air pollution problems man of the law-a warm, vibrant, open man. nation will forever live in our hearts. is especially gratifying in this era when His very being depicted the largeness of the These traiits were a p.art of his being. I be­ so many people seem to turn automati­ West. It was natural and comfortable for lieve they came from his heritage, his &bid­ many of us to call him "Judge." He would ing faith in God, his dedication to the simple, cally to government with every problem. have made a truly great judge. old virtues and his unfa111ng belief in and Accordingly, I was very pleased to read Storey Stemmons was a man of honesty. love for his country. of the progress in air quality control un­ His honesty was total, complete, simple-a Storey Stemmons had an exceptional ca­ dertaken by an Illinois private utility, matter of course. pacity for love and devotion for his wife, Central Illinois Public Service Co., He was a man of essential humility-the Grace, and his brother, John. Springfield, Ill. The utility serves much of humility of the brave, free and brilliant. I know Storey would have me say today the central part of the State. Even though possessing a legal mind, the thait the greatest lady ever is the one named appellate robes were not meant for this one. Grace. Grace, you have responded wi·th a Here is the text of the firm's an­ They would have been like a halter on an love and devotion that ls akin to the nouncement: eagle. greaite&t romance ever. PRIVATE INITIATIVE ON POLLUTION The law gave him a foundation for busi­ No two brothers could have a greater un­ A major phase in the air quality control ness. His delight was in putting a business derstanding and respect for each other than program of Central Illinois Public Service Co. transacition together. He would look at them did Storey and John. Their devotion, each for is completed and several others are well un­ upside-down, inside-out, right-to-left and the other, was a way of life with them. der way, according to D. G. Raymer, of left-to-right. Le

There are more and more. Lots more. And sure it would help the morale of the PWs if REPORT ON AIR POLLUTION Bowers and his national union president, they could hear abcut people like you in­ (Submitted to the Scientifical Technical Ted Gleason, send word they are willing to stead of all the bad things . . ." Committee by P. w. RODINO, JR., Vice strike a bargain. But there's no reply. So the offer holds. One ship for five Amer­ Chairman) There is, indeed, word from the Soviet ican PWs. I. AIR POLLUTION IN THE UNITED STATES Union-constantly and recently. But not on the prisoners-of-war exchange. What Mos­ Economic expansion and technological cow's maritime trust wants is open access to EARTH DAY-APRIL 22 progress are hallmarks of our modern society. the fine piers of New York harbor, now use­ In America, they have enabled us to enjoy less to them because the ILA's men won't a high standard of living. But these impor­ load or unload them-and indeed would tant trends of the 20th century, coupled paralyze the port if anyone tried to bring HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. with the trend of increasing urban popula­ in executives to tie up and service a Soviet OF NEW JERSEY tion, have had many unplanned and un­ vessel. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wanted side effects on our health and wel­ fare. Air pollution is one such side e1Iect­ The Russians have attempted several Tuesday, April 21, 1970 ploys. Not too long ago they considered of­ a very serious one whose impact is being fering to retain former Ambassador Arthur Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow felt by millions of Americans in all parts Goldberg as special counsel. They were pre­ is Earth Day-a national day of com­ of the country. pared to offer $50,000 for him to argue their mitment to assess the state of our en­ The sources of air pollution in the United case or take legal action. This came to noth­ vironment. Throughout the Nation, citi­ States are numerous and varied. They in­ ing when Gleason sent word indirectly ad­ clude such activities as the burning of fuel vising the Soviet mission here to Eave its zens will participate in ceremonies and to produce heat and electric power, the use money, time and diplomatic energy. constructive activities to further efforts of motor vehicles, the burning of refuse, and Earlier, the Soviet Embassy in Washing­ to improve the quality of our life. It is the manufacture and use of such staples of ton had pressured the State Dept. into con­ particularly heartening to me, as one modern life as steel and other meta.ls, paper, tacting the Port of New· York Authority in who has for many years fought for anti­ and chemicals. No city or town in America an effort to "persuade" the longshoremen pollution programs, that our young peo­ is entirely without sources of air pollution. to end their boycott begun in 1950 when a And in most cities and towns there are ple--from those in college to those still enough sources emitting enough gases and Soviet master intelligence agent, Gerhart in elementary school-have joined in this Eisler, fled this city half a step ahead of the solid particles to cause a community air authorities. He slipped aboard a Communist effort with such dedication and fervor. pollution problem. ship. Earth Day ceremonies and projects America is paying a high price for air pol­ Then, according to reports in the highest provide a wonderful example of the value lution. Through injury to vegetation and Washington diplomatic circles, Port Author­ of constructive demonstration on behalf livestock, corrosion and soiling of materials ity executives consulted Goldberg. Some­ of a cause vital to all Americans, and and structures, lowering of property values, where along the line, the former Supreme indeed to our entire planet. and interference with air and surface travel, Court Justice telephoned Secretary of State It is particularly significant that this contamination of the air costs billions of William Rogers. The attorney wanted to day is termed "Earth Day," rather than dollars each year in economic damage alone. know whether all this had official State Of far greater concern are the adverse effects Dept. approval. Was this an official State "Environment Day" or "Antipollution of air pollution on human health. Episodes Dept. project? Day," for the battle to restore our de­ of extreme pollution have caused illness There is no word on the results of this spoiled environment is truly global. We among thousands of exposed people and re­ telephone call. There is word on the Soviet all rejoiced last week when our coura­ sulted in the deaths of many more. Also, pressure. It continues. More recently, Gleason geous astronauts overcame tremendous research conducted over the past 10 to 15 again was called by an intermediary and obstacles and returned safely from outer years has produced a growing body of evi­ asked if he would see Goldberg. Again the space to planet earth. But planet earth dence which indicates that the long-term word was no. is an ailing world that must be healed effects of exposure to lower concentration Gleason and Bowers need no pressure nor of air pollutants adversely affects the health will they react with anything but disdain. if earth is not to become as barren and of many and may result in chronic disease They want it known, and this column can hostile to life as the moon. and premature death. Among the major ill­ so report officially, that they are ready to Much attention has, and will be, given nesses which have been linked with air pollu­ handle Soviet craft on a five prisoners-of­ to Federal, State, and local programs to tion are emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, war to one-ship basis. combat air and water pollution, to abate lung cancer, and even the common cold. Otherwise the Soviet pressure will result noise and to devise solutions to the prob­ While the present levels of pollution repre­ in an open blast by the American longshore­ sent a serious national problem, the outlook lems of land use and solid waste disposal. for the immediate future indicates that, for men. And I am glad to state that there is grow­ Bluntly they see Russia's tactic as arro­ many American communities, the problem gant. The Russians are asking for the right ing consciousness of the global nature could become a critical one. The continued to compete with our own merchant and of our environmental problems and the upwards trends in the factors which contri­ passenger fleets which a.re in such bad shape need for international cooperation to bute to the contamination of the atmos­ the Duchy of Liechtenstein probably cope with them. phere--increasing urban population, in­ wouldn't take them as a gift. Mr. Speaker, as a member of the North creasing industrialization, greater demands The Soviets want their passenger ships Atlantic Assembly and Vice Chairman of for power produced by the burning Of fos­ cleared here--though the American trade is sil fuels, more and more dependence on the its Scientific and Technical Committee, automobile to meet our rising transportation so run down there isn't an American flag I can report that great interest exists ship on the North Atlantic passenger run. needs-these and other trends of growth In all, there are about four U.S. passenger among members of this parliamentary leave no doubt that the potential scope and lines sailing from any port. arm of the North Atlantic Treaty Orga­ severity of the air pollution problem and its But the longshoremen are willing to han­ nization for a united effort to improve the effects will intensify unless the Nation sub­ dle Soviet craft if they can get a few boys environment of our world and reverse the stantially and rapidly augments its control freed. Gleason and Bowers want no piece of encroachment of pollution which now efforts. foreign policy making. But they've just read ravages it. In this connection, I would Emergence of the contemporary problem the letter from Mrs. L. I. Williams of Tampa, like to include in the RECORD two docu­ As recently as the early 1940's, we thought Fla.: ments I prepared for the Scientific and of air pollution in the United States as a "I am the mother of a Navy pilot who was Technical Committee's meetings when relatively simple problem, having to do with shot down near Hanoi in Apiril of 1967. We we discussed mutual problems of air and the emission of black smoke and cinders, have every reason to believe he is a PW, and confined to a relatively few Eastern and but Hanoi has never verified this. water pollution. The first, "Air Pollu­ Midwestern industriial cities. Air pollution "I know what it is to live in anguish and tion in the United States," was submitted was considered to be a nuisance, rather than anxiety at all times, and it is almost un­ at our 1968 meeting and the second, "U.S. a real threat to anyone's health, and in any bearable when thinking of the mistreatment Reaction to Santa Barbara Oil Spill," case purely a local matter demanding only they get at all times. I'm sure you are aware was presented at the 1969 meeting. looal attention. In fact, it received very little that we are trying to put pressure on Hanoi Mr. Speaker, I have great hope that attention of any kind, for the annoyance to at least let us know who they are holding many benefits for planet earth will flow Of smoke pollution was long considered a and to give them humane treatment. from the nationwide Earth Day activi- small price to pay for the high level Of eco­ "But the public isn't very responsive. Un­ nomic activity it symbolized. When the less someone is directly involved, they don't ties tomorrow, and I commend all the smoke problem finally beoame so intense seem to have time to help someone else. So individuals and organizations who will in cities such as Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and that m.akes me more appreciative of people take part in these observances. Cleveland as to bring on a public cl

(9) Safety valves wm now be required limit future drilling in areas where other zine that he plans to call hearings later this both above and below the Kelley which is economic interests strongly oppose oil de­ year to explore possible legislation in the part of the drive mechanism for drilling. velopment. trust field. (10) Warning devices are required to in­ It has been Patman's long-standing ambi­ dicate automatically the condition and level tion to probe and hopefully limit the influ­ of the drilling mud in the hole during drill­ CHAIRMAN PATMAN SPEAKS OUT ence of bank trust departments. Already, he is ing and withdrawal procedure. ON BANK TRUST DEPARTMENT talking about such far-reaching measures (11) Additional safety and antipollution EVILS as establishing a new governmental agency devices now are required on platforms. These to supervise trusts and even the complete include gas detector and alarm systems, fire­ divorcement of banks from trust activities. fighting systems, automatic shutdown de­ HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO Although the exact timetable for the hear­ vices for the wells and equipment on the ings is unsettled, Patman is clear about his OF ILLINOIS platform, pipeline alarm, and auxiliary power objectives. He contends that there is no equipment for safety. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meaningful supervision of trust departments by either Federal or state bank regulatory (12) Pollution control equipment is re­ Tuesday, April 21, 1970 quired to be located nearby each fixed plat­ agencies. Thus, his first goal ls to summon form, drilling ship or floating platf?rm, a:nd Mr. A...""l'NUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, the dis­ regulatory officials to Capitol Hill to discuss must be available prior to undertaking drill­ tinguished chairman of the House Bank­ their views about trust supervision. ing operations. This includes booms to con­ ing and Currency Committee, the gen­ Patman sees the possibility for a new trust trol the spread of all slicks, skimming appa­ tleman from Texas

A]Yril 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12631 tions propaganda as the serious setback If people wanted to demonstrate, to gather Rock Island Argus, Illinois: "Governments to peace, progress, and mankind. in great numbers and hold a procession they are generally recognized because of their The internationally regulated, thought had to obtain permission from the local Dis­ prima fade ability to govern and not because trict Commissioner or Magistrate and in of moral reasons. But if morality is to be manipulators and synthetic prophets of most cases this was granted. the test, Rhodesia ranks far above Russia." doom of the UNO belittle the intelligence But if the ·party or society concerned had Worcester Gazette, Massachusetts: "Dip­ of free men by thinking that through an a reputation for stirring up trouble, the local lomatic relations do not imply that nations international war program they can authority had the right to say "No" to a approve of each other, or agree with each prejudice people from learning the truth. demonstration in the middle of a city or a other. But refusal to talk practically guar­ I ask that several firsthand reports of town where other people were going about antees that solutions won't be found .... Rhodesian visitors from the United their legitimate business. It is highly unlikely that this step will im­ States, England, and elsewhere, follow A CIVILIZED MAN prove conditions for Rhodesians of any race, my comments. As an individual Ameri­ One of the most difficult things in the or for the United States." can, I am ashamed of the cowardly pol­ world was to try to determine what are the Columbus Citizen Journal, Ohio: "As a criteria for assessing a civilized man. Edu­ matter of principle, the United States is icy of the political party presently in cation was part of it. But he believed moral wrong. We normally recognize any govern­ power in my country for participating in principles probably were more important ment if it is well established, no matter this retrogressive cabal of the interna­ than.almost anything else. The ability to play what we think of its policies. We are mak­ tionalists merely in the expectation of the game, to act decently to other people, to ing an extraordinary exception of Rhodesia." gaining favor by a few bloc votes at the safeguard the rights of minorities. This was Pensacola Journal, Florida: "It seems rea­ discredited UNO. something completely absent from so many sonable to counsel a reappraisal free from I include the related news clippings countries in the world, especially the newly British influence." to independent countries. San Diego Tribune, California: "If it is and a letter from the assistant the Rhodesia had chosen Income Tax contri­ indeed our intention not to interfere in the President at the White House in the butions to the state as the criteria to deter­ internal affairs of other nations, it seems RECORD: mine parliamentary representation of the two that our government could affirm that re­ [From the Rhodesian Commentary, main racial groups. Within those groups, cently announced policy by easing our rigid March 1970) there was another qualification which was position on Rhodesia." AMERICAN JOURNALISTS MEET THE PRIME salary and education. Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Texas: "In MINISTER Mr. Smith said he had not heard of a Salisbury, the Rhcdesian Government says better yardstick to obtain the vote. The Prime Minister, Mr. Ian Smith, at a it is surprised by the U.S. action .... What the Rhodesian Government failed to take press conference with 41 visiting American newspaper owners and journalists in Salis­ [From the Rhodesian Viewpoint, into account was how piously sanctimo­ bury on March 2, was well received. Apr. 10, 1970) nious 13 struggling colonies can become over the oourse of a couple of centuries' progress The leader of the tour, Mr. Nathan Bolton, U.S. EDITORS OPPOSE CUTTING RHODESIAN towards super-power status." of Hastrop, Louisiana, told the Prime Minis­ LINK: APPROVE VETO Minneapolis Tribune, Minnesota: "If rep­ ter they were delighted that by coincidence In a sample survey of American newspaper they were in Rhodesia on the day a republic resentative government is to be the cri­ editorials during March 1970 by the terion for official relations, the United States was declared, and said there was consider­ Rhodesian information office taken from able support for Rhodesia in the United will have to close up shop in quite a num­ clippings supplied by a commercial press ber of other countries." States. clipping service in Washington, D.C., it is The visitors, who call themselves News­ evident that an overwhelming majority of Evening Star, Washington, D.C.: "While paper Adventurers, were in Rhodesia for two American editors disapprove of the U.S. ad­ closure of the American consulate in Rho­ days at the end of a two-week South African ministration's action in closing their con­ desia will win brief plaudits from the black tour. They are from all over the United sulate in Salisbury. A majority of editors, African regimes, they certainly will not be States. in ratio of 20 to 1, approved the use of the satisfied with this. They can be expected to After the conference they toured Salisbury first United States veto by U.N. Ambassador press their demand that Britain and the and visited an African craft village outside Charles B. Yost when a resolution on United States apply even tougher meth­ the city before having lunch at Lake Mc­ Rhodesia was introduced into the U.N. Secu­ ods.. . . Five years from now, the situa­ Ilwaine. At the craft village, an authentic rity Council by the Afro-Asian bloc of na­ tion is likely to be the same." replica of the traditional tribal set-up, the tions on March 17. The single newspaper Bangor News, Maine: "To blackball Rho­ Americans were enthralled with the tribal editorial opposed to this action appeared desia while wooing Communist powers dancing and the herbalist's hut; had their in the columns of the New York Times. strikes us as singularly inconsistent." fortune's read in African fashion; and left On the question of the closure of the U.S. Milwaukee Sentinel, Wisconsin: "We pun­ with sculptures and pieces of art from the Consulate in Salisbury, 67 editorials were ish a nation, including both its black and workshop. received, of which 57 opposed the action and white residents, that does us no harm, and The following are points made by Mr. 10 approved. Regarding the first use by the reward another nation that is the chief sup­ Smith. United States of its power of veto in the plier and sustainer of the forces that have A DESIRE TO DESTROY Security Council of the United Nations, 21 been killing American men in South Viet­ "We are on the side of the West and for editorials were received, of which 20 en­ nam." this reason we have never been able to un­ dorsed the action and 1 opposed it. The fol­ derstand why countries such as America and lowing are some of the views expressed by [From the Rhodesian Commentary, Britain wish to destroy Rhodesia. We have the editors: April 1970] stood by them and fought with them in their Portland Oregonian, Oregon: "We need to wars gone by. So what we really ask is that be more consistent in our overseas repre­ FIRST VISIT Is EYE-OPENER people should not condemn us in ignorance sentation and act on hard facts rather than (By Bernadine Bailey) or through hearsay. We just ask that you political emotion or favors to another na­ A first visit to Rhodesia is an illuminating come and see for yourself. Then if you don't tion." and delightful experience. Illuminating be­ like what we are doing, that's fair enough, Muncie Star, Indiana: "America cannot cause the average overseas visitor has no con­ we will have to agree to differ; but give us a possibly influence Rhodesian developments­ ception of what Rhodesia is really like. The fair trial. And this, of course, is one of t he in favor of civil rights-if the U.S. govern­ truth, in fact, is the exact opposite of the basic tenets of Western dem:icracy, is it ment maintains no contact at all with the propaganda we have been fed. Never a word not?" constitutional government of Rhodesia. The are we told of the orderly way of life, the CONTROL OF DEMONSTRATORS U.S. presence in Rhodesia was politically diversity and amazing growth of industry, "I don't believe that people have a right desirable-for Rhcdesia as well as the U.S." the potential for development and the con­ to demonstrate to an extent where thev r re Glendale News-Press, California: "If we tentment of the African population. interfering with the legitimate rights of the closed consulates in every country where we And certainly never a word about the well law-abiding citizens-and this is where I find cause for disagreement, there would be thought out, far-reaching programme for don't agree with what is happening in Brit­ mass unemployment in the diplomatic serv­ "helping the Africans to help themselves" ain today ... (applause) ... and in your ice." by providing them every possible opportunity own country of America." Lincoln Star, Nebraska: " ... to ignore for study, technical and cultural develop­ Mr. Smith said times were changing and Rhodesia diplomatically because we do not ment, enjoyment of sports, hospital facilities, there must be powers to deal with the times. approve of its government policy is both in­ social life, decent housing-while at the "If I have to choose between defending consistent and immature on the part of the same time allowing them to follow their own the rights of the decent, law-abiding citi­ U.S. Our government blundered in pull1ng cultural pattern and way of life in so far as zens, especially women and children, or the U.S. representative out of Rhodesia." they care to do so. If ever a people were in a looking after the rights of mischiefmakers, Phoenix Gazett e, Artz;ona: "To put position to "eat their cake and have it", it then I don't hesitate as to who I'm looking Rhodesia ahead of Red China . . . on our is the native Africans in the new Republic of after-it's the decent law-abiding citizen." hate list is dishonest and unforgivable." Rhodesia. 12632 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970

SCORN AND ABUSE light underneath it whilst they traced the determine how it can best assist them to And for all its pains in securing the well outline onto the white panel. Then the coat­ do this. being and eventual franchise (a black man of-arms was embroidered by a local lady in The approach in the European areas, how­ may vote as soon as he qualifies by paying silks of the appropriate colour. ever, will be, as soon as possible, to terminate an income tax, which automatically indicates "The completed flag is a veritable work rights of occupation by African tenants, sub­ that he is a responsible citizen, not a parasite, of art, which, in fact, makes an ordinary flag ject to their being suitably placed in the who is contributing to the economy and look dull by comparison, for the raised silks African areas or in African townships within growth of his country), what does Rhodesia give the flag a certain 'body' which is lack­ the European area, depending upon the na­ get? The scorn and abuse and economic ha­ ing in ordinary flags. ture of the area which they at present occupy. rassment of the Western world. Have the "This flag hangs in the hall at all meetings In terms of the Act there is provision for Communists gone so far that they can in­ of the Society and I thought that it was compensation for right holders and it is fluence the non-Communist nations to act such a sterling effort that I told members hoped that resettlement will be effected with thusly? I would tell the story when I got home." the close co-operation of all the parties While in Rhodesia, I made a point of talk­ Mr. Devine in a footnote to his letter says: concerned. ing to a number of Africans about their Gov­ "It is particularly important to remember DEVELOPMENT PLAN ernment and their Prime Minister, Mr. Ian that we do still have plenty of friends in The Missions have played a great pa.rt in Douglas Smith. Without exception, they Britain." bringing Christianity to Rhodesia through spoke highly of both, adding "Mr. Smith is a the establishment of churches and other re­ very fine man". Never at any time was there a [From the Rhodesian Commentary, ligious foundations, educational institutions, word of criticism or complaint. April 1970] clinics and hospitals. It is not Government's COURTESIES A VISITOR FROM BALTIMORE intention to hinder activities on existing Professor Gottfried Dietze, a lecturer in Mission land, and the traditional Govern­ Furthermore every African with whom I ment policy of assisting Missions in the edu­ came in contact was courteous, pleasant and political science at the Johns Hopkins Uni­ versity, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A., who, cational and medical fields will continue. eager to be helpful. The Churches, therefore, need have no The Europeans whom I met in Rhodesia after a visit to South Africa as a guest of the went far beyond the normal courtesies ex­ Government, took the opportunity to pay a fear in this regard, but it should be recog­ tended to a visitor. People whom I had never short visit to Rhodesia. nized that the expansion of existing estab­ lishments must conform to the overall plan even heard Of before entertained me in their Speaking e.t a presentation concert of the homes, drove me to places of interest and Rhodesian Academy Of Music in Bulawayo, of development for the area in which they offered to be of help in any way they could. the Minister of Education, Mr. Philip Smith, are located. Is it surprising that I hope to make a return said the Academy's work had been overshad­ Mission institutions which are to be estab­ visit in the not too distant future? owed by more material requirements of a lished for the benefit of Africans who are not It is indeed ironical that the United States, developing oountry. But the time was ap­ working in the European area will be en­ of all the Western powers, should join in the proaching when real evidence of mature couraged to develop in the African areas economic and diplomatic stampede against civilization would be sought in Rhodesia. rather than on Mission-owned land in the a small independent nation that is doing no "This will be provided by the artistic European area. This is in conformity with harm to anyone-least of all to its own na­ output of its citizens, not the least of these Government's policy of fostering the de­ tive African people-and under no circum­ being the achievements of its musicians.'' velopment of the African areas. stances could be considered a threat to world peace. [From the Rhodesian Commentary, [From the Rhodesian Commentary, April And after all, who are we-after our shame­ April 1970] 1970] ful treatment of our American natives, the GOVERNMENT REASSURES CHURCHMEN WORLD COMMERCE UNDERMINING SANCTIONS long-suffering Indians-to cast the first The Minister of Lands, Mr. Philip van WAR stone. Heerden, has issued the following statement: Speaking to the Umtali branch of Rota.ry­ We had our own U.D.I.-back in 177&-and Churchmen of various denominations have on the eve of its World Understanding broke all diplomatic ties with England. Only recently expressed concern about the effect Week, the Minister of Commerce and we did it by force, while Rhodesia was wise the introduction of the Land Tenure Act Industry, Mr. Jack Mussett, said there enough to cut the umbilical cord without will have on the use of land owned or oc­ existed today many world councils of various casualties. cupied by Missions. forms comprising different organizations If the United Nations is a truly "peace­ In the Land Tenure Act there is no special possessing similar aims. There must be keeping" body, it should heap praise, rather classification of Mission land as there was in countless clubs or societies operating under than censure, on a nation that is doing ev­ the Land Apportionment Act. It has been re­ different names whose aims and objects erything humanly possible to improve life apportioned and included in either the Euro­ amounted to international understanding. for all the races within its borders. pean Area or the African Area, depending on He would suggest that only good could come Since this was my fourth visit to the Afri­ its situation. from a movement to promote the interchange can continent, I had already seen (in Zan­ RIGHTS OF OOCUPATION of factual information between Rotary and zibar, Kenya, Congo, Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, these groups. etc.) the chaos that results from "one man, The Land Apportionment Act gave rights Some of a group of international journal­ one vote-one time only", as Prime Minister of occupation to African tenants on Mission ists visiting Rhodesia as guests of the Smith so accurately phrases it. land in the European Area. The Land Tenure Salisbury Rotary Club: Mrs. Horst-Alex­ In startling contra.st, Rhodesia. is a re­ Act calls for the registration of these rights ander Siebert and her husband, Dr. Siebert, freshing area of order, progress, well-being and gives the responsible Minister the power foreign trade editor of Die Welt, West Ger­ and high hopes for the future. The Prime to terminate them. many; Mr. Takis Sotirhos, an editor of Vra.d­ Minister and his Parliament appear to repre­ The reason for the granting to Govern­ yni, daily evening newspaper of Athens; and sent the true will of the electorate. In other ment of such wide powers is to enable it to Mr. John William Hughes, a television com­ words, this country has not been taken over clear up islands of African occupation which mentator from Wales. by the Communists and ()r the huge financial lie within European areas but which are It was, after all, as a result of similar efforts interests who seek control of the world and quite unrelated to the actual work of the on the part of government that trade rela­ its natural resources. Let us hope that the Mission. tions were entered into. Nowhere would one Rhodesians will continue to have the courage Indeed, in some cases the occupation of find a greater cross-section of people than and the stamina to keep it that way. Mission land by tenants has almost certainly those which made up the General Agreement become an embarrassment to the Missions on Trade and Tariffs, yet here was a trading [From the Rhodesian Commentary, April themselves, as the land in many instances is relationship which was honored by all for the 1970] no longer capable of sustaining the tenants good of all. FRIENDS IN BRITAIN MADE RHODESIAN FLAG and their families, and further subdivisions The European Common market was an­ Maurice V. Devine, of Wankie, on a re­ would not only create opposition from exist­ other example of people of different nation­ cent visit to England took the photograph. ing tenants, but would be sub-economic and alities getting together for a common good. He writes: "Mr. Aden B. Spencer, for three lead to a land use problem of the first order. "International understanding, peace and years secretary of the Southend-on-Sea Government has taken cognizance of this goodwill a.re fundamental principles of life branch, hit upon the idea of making the flag. fact a.nd through the Land Tenure Act wlll which must be encouraged wherever pos­ With the aid of a small car sticker of the be able to deal with any problems that may sible," said Mr. Mussett. "I can see no reason fiag he and his helpers were able to make arise. why it should not start in a country where one in a most ingenious manner. DISPOSAL OF LAND conventions are honoured in spite of the fact "They first bought the necesary green and The policy of the Government in so far as that politically we appear not to be com­ white material. Then, after photographing Missions in the African Area are concerned., pletely accepted. the small coat-of-arms in 'the centre of 'the will be to encourage the disposal o! land "This form of close liaison is nothing new flag sticker, they enlarged the print to two being used for agricultural purposes to in­ after all. The world of commerce has long foot square. This they placed under the white dividual Africans. The Government intends been linked by an unwritten desire to trade central panel of the flag and shone a bright to hold discussions with the Missions to freely and make profits. April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12633 "Without doubt, much of the credit for the Security Council of the United Nations of Congress. As a practical matter, it undermining the sanctions war being waged declared the situation in Southern Rhodesia would allow small wholesale firms, which against us must go to the international body a threat to international peace and security must now operate under inspection, to of men who · operate as individuals yet in and imposed selective mandatory economic set up a retail counter and thereby avoid terms of a common ideal. sanctions in an effort to induce the Smith inspection. "They do not consciously belong to one regime to negotiate a peaceful settlement of Existing retailers could increase their great organization but they all, irrespective the problem. In May 1968 the Security Coun­ of their other many and varied affiliations, cil unanimously reaffirmed its earlier action wholesale business to 49 percent of their believe in their right to trade with each and decided to make the sanctions oompre­ total business, all without inspection. other irrespective of racial or political dif­ hensive. The restrietions on our imports of It is likely that hundreds of new firms ferences. Rhodesian chrome are derived from those would open up with a nominal retail Many countries, including Rhodesia, re­ United Nations Security Council s'S.Ilctions counter, which would really be wholesale spected and honoured this international un­ resolutions. The effects of these restrictions businesses operating without inspection derstanding and afforded the same con­ on U.S. firms and the overall chrome sup­ in order to avoid the act which Congress sideration to goods passing through their ply situation ls kept under continuing re­ territories from one country to another as view. passed. they gave their own commodities passing We have viewed this issue in the context of Many of the protective aspects of the within the country from Point A to B. the President's statement in his Foreign present law would be abolished as they It was accepted that there were countries Policy Report to the Congress: pertain to hospitals, restaurants, and who were not quite so scrupulous in their "Clearly, there ls no question of the United other institutions. dealing with goods that did not belong to States condoning, or acquiescing in, the ra­ We could not insure the proper label­ them and, through either inefficiency or cial policies of the white-ruled regimes. For ing of ingredients in ground meat prod­ spite, created delays which resulted in the moral as well as historical reasons, the wastage of perishables urgently required United States stands for the principles of ucts to show the use of cheap substitutes elsewhere. But this did not undermine the racial equality and self-determination." such as soy protein. basic righteousness of the system. You may be assured that the decision to We could not be certain that hearts, "There are those who will continually en­ close our Consular office in Salisbury was lips, lungs, and other offal products are deavour through a basic lack of knowledge, to taken after very careful consideration of all not used in ground beef. destroy the lives of others, either by way of relevant factors and in pursuit of the over­ We could not control fat limits. economic or political means, in much the all interests and objectives of the United We could not insure against the use of same way as many are trying to destroy Rho- States. We have taken steps to insure that unapproved preservatives such as sodium desia. at present. . consular services to our citizens residing in "I am convinced that there will be many Rhodesia will be provided through posts in benzoate. who will endeavour for this same lack of neighboring countries. We could not insure against the use of knowledge, to undermine the appeal that has I hope that this explanation is helpful to otherwise stale meat for grinding where been made by the Rotary International you. If there ls further information you de­ its staleness can be better disguised, President. sire, I shall try to be of assistance. especially when sold as meat patties. "The only way of countering this cancer With warm regard, There would be no supervision of which is spreading throughout the nations Sincerely, cleaning to insure sanitary conditions of the world is by an honest attempt to WILLIAM E. TIMMONS, appropriate to food handling establish­ understand the other person's point of view." Assistant to the President. ments. Inadequate cleaning attracts rodents and initiates infections. THE WHITE HOUSE , We could not force a cleanup after Washington, D.C., April 7, 1970. cutting or grinding pork, which can con­ Hon. JOHN R. RARICK, WHOLESOME MEAT ACT House of Representatives, taminate beef with trichinae which can Washington, D.C. be transferred to consumers when they DEAR JOHN: The President has asked that HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER eat rare beef. Salmonella poisoning can I reply further to your letter of March 11, OF CALIFORNIA be similarly transferred to beef from in which you were joined by 76 of your col­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES poultry. leagues, commenting on our relations with We could not be certain that grinding Rhodesia and our decision to close the Con­ Tuesday, April 21, 1970 sulate in Salisbury. We appreciate this op­ machines are washed every few hours portunity to explain our action. Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, a few when operated at room temperature. We have repeatedly made clear that the years ago Congress passed the Whole­ We could not guarantee against failure United States regards the United Kingdom some Meat Act in an effort to assure to segregate raw meat from cooked meat as the legal sovereign in Southern Rhodesia . the consuming public that only clean items, thus causing contamination of the We indicated that when the Rhodesians es­ and healthful meat would be offered for cooked items. tablished a republic we would review the sale. Now it appears that there is danger We could not guarantee against failure status of our Consular office. On March 2 , that congressional intent will be by­ to maintain adequate standards for de­ 1970, the Rhodesian authorities implemented livery equipment. Many retailers use the new Constitution which substituted a passed and a serious loophole created President for the Queen as head of state, which will allow major marketers of open trucks and station wagons which intending a formal and final break with the meat products to avoid inspection. receive very little cleaning. United Kingdom and formal establishment Section 30l

It 1s a fact of crime, of deceit, of falsehood national relations as long as it remains un­ number of open churches at present is much and of treachery, which cannot be hidden punished and hidden under the cloak of lower than 7,500. behind the facade of scientific and techno­ diplomatic expediency. The Soviets continue to close and destroy logicaJ progress of Russia.. Science in itself And those nations which choose to accept the churches, and the faithful a.re complain­ is not wisdom. Wisdom is based upon moral the knowledge of the Katyn crime in silence, ing that their Bishops with Metropolitan and spiritual values, not upon a calculated carry an irreducible moral debt on their Nikodim at the head are cooperating with and conquest motivated progress of essen­ historical ledgers. And sooner or later, in one the authorities in that respect. tially neutral sciences. form or another, this debt will have to be How far has the closing of churches gone At the time of the discovery of the Ka.tyn paid. by now? Massacre, the West seemed to have been hyp­ For once we accept a compromise in moral The believers of G<>rky (Nizhni Novgorod} notized by Russia and her war-time so issues, involving the conscience, the dignity in their petition to the World Council of termed. "co-operation". and the responsibilities of man, then we are Churches in 1969 state that in that city Indeed it is truly a sad commentary upon opening the floodgates of lawlessness, irre­ (population 1.2 million) there are only three our times, that to this day, the West in its sponsibility and anarchy in both external churches accommodating 4,000 altogether. dealings with the Soviet Union, seems to be and internal affairs of the nation. According to Soviet official statements at suffering as yet from strange post-hypnotic It ls, therefore, fitting, proper and incum­ least 10% of the population are still be­ misconceptions and illusions. They weaved bent upon us of Polish heritage, upon us, lievers. That means that only 30% of the offi­ around as yet under an illusory doctrine of who more poignantly than any other group, cially acknowledged number of believers can so-called co-existence. understand the terrifying meaning of the attend the churches. This is a. rather typical Stalin's Russia was deceiving the West Katyn Massacre-to be the pangs of con­ case. However we must take into account the with its promises of co-operation. science of the modern man, to tell him that fact that the real figure of believers is much Present day rulers of Russia are deceiving the Katyn crime is the beginning of an evil higher than the 10% offi.cia.lly admitted. us now with a false promise of peaceful co­ which, if unchecked by the law of truth We must also remember that more and existence. and judgment, could, under the commu­ more churches a.re still being closed under nist direction and conspiracy, engulf entire Mr. Speaker, the President of the Pol­ various pretexts. We are rapidly com1ng to humanity. a situation which existed before the World ish American Congress and Polish Na­ War II when the number of open churches tional Alliance, Mr. Aloysius Mazewski, in U.S.S.R. was not more than 2,000. delivered an address at the 30th anni­ UNITED NATIONS COMMEMORATES In the mean time Metropolitan Nlgodim versary of the Katyn massacre Sunday, ITS IDOL, LENIN will still be making statements that every­ April 12, in Chicago and I insert his re­ thing ls all right and that the Soviet G<>vern­ marks into the RECORD at this point as a ment is not at all hostile in regard to continuation of my remarks: HON. JOHN R. RARICK religion. 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF KATYN MASSACRE OF LOUISIANA STATEMENT BY VERY REV. ARCHPRIEST GEORGE The Ka.tyn Massacre is a singularly savage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES GRABBE ON METROPOLITAN NIKODIM and abhorrent crime not only against the Recent activities on the pa.rt of the Moscow Polish nation, but against entire humanity. Tuesday, April 21, 1970 Patriarchate make a. statement necessary in It is not only an act of premeditated geno­ the name of the Russian Orthodox Church cide that will forever blot the pages of man's Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, on Wednesday, the 22d of April, the United Outside of Russia. We wish to stress once history on earth. more the fact that the present Moscow In the vast panorama. of humanity's strug­ Nations Organization will exert its in­ Patriarchate and Metropolitan Nikodim, who gle for dignity, justice, brotherhood and a. fluence to honor the anti-Christian has arrived to New York recently, are not viable world in terms of progress and rever­ butcher, V. I. Lenin on the occasion of true representatives of the Russian Ortho­ ence for life-the Katyn Massacre stands his lOOth anniversary. That Lenin has dox Church. in bold and terrifying relief as the unre­ been eulogized by UNESCO, the propa­ Patriarch Alexis and Metropolitan Nikodim solved, unexpiated and hastily covered up ganda arm of the UNO, as the foremost represent only that part of the Russian crisis of the conscience of the 20th century Church which is under very tight control of mankind-a forever disturbing knowledge international humanist but reminds us that "humanism" is now being employed the Soviet State and the Communist Party. that is gnawing at the hearts and minds of It ls no secret but an openly stated fact men of good wm everywhere. synonymously with atheism. that the aim of Communists is to destroy We all know the fa.cts:-the Soviet secret To honor or laud Lenin, except as the every religion. Organized and registered re­ service wantonly, without any cause or prov­ foremost butcher of humanity the world ligious bodies in the U.S.S.R. a.re therefore ocation, murdered 15,000 Polish officers, in­ has ever known-is an affront to free permitted to exist only as fa-r as it does not tellectuals, educators and professional men people everywhere and a disgrace to the interfere with that program. in the Katyn-Ostashkov area. Some four Our Church has realized the meaning of thousand mutilated bodies were found in the memory of the millions of victims of Lenin and his Bolshevik totalitarian so­ that process long ago. Therefore we con­ Ka.tyn Forest. The rest of the victims remain sistently protest against any talks whatever in unknown graves. cialist dictatorship. By comparison with with prelates of the official Moscow Church We also know that the guilt of the Soviet Lenin-Hitler, Genghis Khan, Eichmann, who claim to represent the Russian Ortho­ Union in this crime has been established and Nero must be considered rank ama­ dox Church but actually are a.gents of the beyond any shadow of doubt by both-the teurs. Who next will the upside down Soviet Government. No priest or Bishop can Polish authorities in London during the leadership of the United Nations Orga­ be appointed to any position without an ap­ closing months of World War Two, and later, nization honor? Dillinger, Al Capone, proval of the Government. Brave defenders by the House of Representatives Select Com­ of the Faith do not receive a clearing. True mittee. Bonnie and Clyde? I insert reports on the "humanist" re­ believers among the clergy, actually devoted In the mass of incontrovertible evidence, to the Church in the first place, more and Russia stands before the world as the perpe­ pression of churches in Russia and a re­ more are disappearing from the scene being trator of this ghastly crime of genocide. lated newsclipping follow: substituted by persons fully obedient to the Yet the Russian masters, with Polish blood How MANY CHURCHES ARE STILL OPEN IN THE Soviets. These people make a lot of false on their hands, were accepted without any U.S.S.R.? statements a.bout the freedom of religion protest in international councils and confer­ (Press release of Synod of Bishops of the Rus­ in U.S.S.R. Such a case came to the open ence. when Metropolitan Nikodim declared that In the minds of honest and concerned sian Orthodox Church, outside of Russia Mar.24, 1970) a letter of Kirov believers about the persecu­ men everywhere, Russia stands accused of tion of the Church was anonymous. Mr. Tal­ the Katyn Massacre. In 1952 Archbishop Boris stated in New antov, one of the signers and probably the Yet,-neither in the United Nations nor York, that there were 24,000 open churches author of that open letter, learned of this in the diplomatic chancelleries of great pow­ in U.S.S.R. (Newsweek January, 1952). Nine statement by Metropolitan Nikodim from a ers, is one word even whispered about this years later, in 1961, the Moscow Patriarchate BBC broadcast. A new statement by Talantov horrifying Soviet guilt. told the World Council of Churches that it reached us a.broad in which he protests Diplomatic sophistry tells us that the time had 20,000 churches. The average number against the words of the Metropolitan who 1s not opportune for pressing charges against officially quoted by the Patriarchate during went so far as to express his readiness to the Soviets in this matter. Nearly three dec­ the last five years was 10,000. However, in swear to the truth of his false statement. ades elapsed since the discovery of the Ka.tyn 1966, in an official Communist Party publica­ "After this broadcast", writes Ta.lantov, "it mass graves. In these decades, the statesmen t ion "Spravochnik Propagandists i Agitators." became clear to me why the KGB officer had and diplomats of the West played havoc with it was stated that the Patriarchate has only proposed to me that I repudiate my signature human conscience by pretending that the 7,500 churches. This figure is more reliable to the 'Open Letter' ". evil of the Soviet design against the basic since the Patriarchate has always exaggerated human decency does not exist. the number of open churches for the purpose MOSCOW AND THE CHURCH IN AMERICA And this compromising with evil as ex­ of propaganda abroad. It is comprehensible that those who are emplified in the Katyn Massacre shall re­ Since 1966 very many more churches have familiar with the fact that the Patriarchate's main a deeply disturbing factor in inter- been closed. We can assume therefore that Foreign Relations Department is actually di- .

April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12649 rected by the Soviet Government are sus­ the consolidation in the form of permitting Item: The doctrine that violent revolution picious of very enterprise of Metropolitan Roman Catholics to receive all sacraments in must engulf the world. Nikodim. That is the reason why the ques­ the Orthodox Church without renouncing With his government newly installed after tion of granting to the Russian American their faith and being converted. On the other seizure of the Russian revolution by the Bol­ Metropolia of the status of authocephaly hand that decision is pleasing for the Vati­ sheviks, Lenin wrote that "either the Soviet from Moscow has become a very controversial can as being in harmony with its ecumenical government triumphs in every country in matter, often raising a whole uproar. The views and aims. If that act provokes confu­ the world or the most reactionary imperial­ newspaper in Russian, "Novoye Russkoye sion in the Orthodox World the Soviet Gov­ ism triumphs ... one or the other. There is Slovo", was so overloaded with articles in the ernment does not care. no middle course." When Soviet power was form of paid advertisements, that it stopped RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN U.S.S.R. fully established, he predicted, "We may ex­ pect the world revolution." printing and accepting them. They were Our last and perhaps the most interesting mainly directed against the acceptance of Item: The doctrine that only constant point of discussion today is the reaction of violence can bring political change. the authocephaly from Moscow and often believers to the persecution of Religion. More written in very strong language. The action "Great historical questions," wrote Lenin, and more parishes are closed. Enormous ef­ "can be solved only by violence, and orga­ has caused a lot of discord in parishes which forts are made by the Soviets to wipe out any could be expected from the very beginning. nization of violence in the modern struggle traces of Religion from the minds of the peo­ is a military organization." The leaders of the Moscow Patriarchate and ple. However, an underground movement is officers of the MVD directing Church affairs Item: The doctrine that wars are inevit­ growing. It always existed but the voice of able until the day of world communism. could not fail to forsee it. The issue has brave believers was rarely heard abroad. It caused discord between Moscow, Constan­ "As long as capitalism and socialism exist was hushed up in the cells of prisons and we cannot live in peace,'' wrote Lenin. "In tinople, the Metropolia and other Churches. offices of the KGB. Now some channels have It has also weakened the authority of the the end, one or the other will triumph-a appeared through which we hear the voice funeral dirge will be sung over the Soviet leadership of the Metropolia among its clergy of those who challenge the Soviet policies in and parishes. If Constantinople sticks to its republic or over world capitalism." Again: open statement. They are largely enco~~ged "The existence of the Soviet republic side guns and Moscow will not back out, the by radio emissions and smuggled religious authocephaly of the Metropolia will be rec­ by side with imperialist states for a long literature from the West. time is unthinkable. One or the other must ognized only by Churches directly controlled Mr. Gleb Rar can give you some informa­ from Moscow, and relations with other triumph in the end. And before that end tion about the response to that work. He is supervenes, a series of frightful collisions Churches will be strained as Patriarch Athen­ taking part in it as a member of a group of agoras has justly stated in his letter to between the Soviet republic and the bour­ our believers in Europe called "The Orthodox geois states will be inevitable." Patriarch Alexis. Even the merger of par­ Action". Formerly he has given much time ishes of the Moscow Patriarchate in this Item: The notion that there are good wars to the study of the situation of Religion in and bad wars. country with the Metropolia is questionable. the U.S.S.R. and has published a book about It seems that the opposition among them is "Socialists, without ceasing to be Social­ it. He has also worked several years in Berlin ists, cannot oppose any kind of war," said very strong. In that way Moscow will have a helping escapees before their flow was good excuse to maintain its foothold and Lenin. "Socialists never would oppose revo- stopped by the building of the wall between 1utionary wars." But "if war is waged by the spread its influence in the parishes of her East and West parts of the City. daughter-Church. Future development will exploiting class with the object of strength­ no doubt be bringing them closer and closer enincr its class rule, such war is a criminal together, opening new opportunities for (From the Baton Rouge (La.) Advocate, Apr. war,''; translated, this means that wars for Moscow propaganda. The same thing is hap­ 19, 1970] Communist aims are good, all others are bad. pening in Japan. COMMUNISTS SCHEDULE NEAR-RELIGIOUS RITES Item: The concept of guerrilla war as an FOR LENIN ANNIVERSARY instrument to spread communism. MOSCOW AND THE VATICAN Rulers of countries populated by more "Of course," Lenin told the Communist in­ Another important thing has happened in than a billion people plan extravagant quasi­ ternational in 1921, "there are many more the relationship between the Moscow Patri­ religious rites this week to celebrate the leg­ difficulties in this sphere than in any others, archate and the Vatican. Moscow has sur­ acy of Lenin. but at all events the movement is advanc­ prised the Orthodox World by its agreement The man who took that revolutionary ing and in spite of the fact that the masses with the Vatican permitting Roman Catho­ name was born Vladimir Olyich Ulyanov 100 of toilers and peasants in colonial countries lics to have access to Russian Orthodox sac­ years ago on April 22 in Simbirsk, now Uly­ are still backward, they will play a very im­ raments. From the Vatican point of View ac­ anovsk, and died almost 5 years later in portant part in coming phases of the world cording to Instructions issued after Vatican Moscow. revolution. II sacraments may be given to the Orthodox What blessings were bequeathed to man­ Item: Terror and coercion must be used on a reciprocal basis. However, this is incon­ kind by the founder of Bolshevism and the by proletarians as instruments of state au­ sistent with the Orthodox canon law. There­ Soviet state? A glance around the world pro­ thority. fore a unilateral decision of the Moscow vides plenty of evidence of the legacy. .. We have never rejected terror in princi­ Patriarchate, even without consultation with In the 25 years since World War II ended, ple, nor can we do so,'' wrote Lenin. "Terror other Orthodox Churches, has been quite a the world has seen more than 400 major is a form of military operation which may shock for them, so closely following the eruptions of violence. Several had the super­ be usefully applied or maybe even essential shock made by t.he unilateral decision in re­ powers on the brink of nuclear war. Lenin's in certain moments, under certain condi­ gard to the authocephaly in America. teachings, as applied by his successors, must tions." Again: "The state belongs to the At every action involvlng foreign relations share the blame. sphere of coercion. It would be madness to this could not be done without instructions Today Lenin's writings are endlessly quoted renounce coercion, particularly in the epoch from the atheist government. As the Synod as incontrovertible gospel to justify actions of the dictatorship of the proletariat." of the Church of Greece has pointed out in both of the violent, impatient revolutionaries VANGUARD ROLE its statement on that occasion, it is impossi­ and the cautious Communist bureaucrats en­ ble to find can:nonical or dogmatical grounds trenched in their own countries. Item: The Communists are an anointed for such a decis~on. We must therefore look Much of Lenin is self-contradictory. His elite destined to lead the masses, and only for motives of the Moscow Patriarchate on works can be interpreted by widely divergent one party must wield all the power. another side. We know that a lively exchange elements to support their respective causes. "Bolsheviks," counseled Lenin, "must never of visits took place lately between Rome and The Chinese Communists claim to be the forget their role as the vanguard as distinct Moscow. Two Russian priests are living in only true Leninists. The Russians denounce from "the whole of the masses.'" The con­ Rome at the Russicum for quite a long time. the Chinese as outrageous heretics and claim cept of proletarian dictatorship, he wrote, Metropolitan Nikodim as a pilgrim and to be the only true Leninists. National Com­ "has meaning only when the single class Metropolitan Philaret Denisenko of Kiev munists, international Communists, Trotsky­ knows that it alone take political power have visited Rome recently. We can therefore ists, Stalinists, Maoists all claim to be the into its hands and does not deceive either it­ presume that some negotiations preceded the only true Len:inists. And all these have some­ self or others by fine speeches about 'popular, Moscow decision. In that respect we must thing in common: a conviction that revolu­ generally elected, sanctified by all the peo­ take into consideration that Vatican has tion led by communists must sweep over ple' authority." much to discuss with Moscow since the Ro­ the world. Item: Communists in all countries owe man Catholics and the Uniates have been For all of them, Lenin is the true prophet. their first allegiance to Moscow. very much persecuted in the U.S.S.R. Nearly Orthodox Moscow-liners and far-out ultra­ "Every party that wishes to affiliate to all the Roman Catholic churches are closed revolutionaries alike select and adapt Lenin the Communist International,'' Lenin told and of course the Vatican must be worried as needed, believing with him that victory that world conspiracy, "must render selflessly about its faithful deprived of all sacraments. is the only goal, hesitation the only crime, devoted assistance to every Soviet republic Presumably that question had to be raised that the end justifies any means at all. in its struggle against counter revolutionary in the talks during exchanges of Visits, at Lenin's works are used as a blueprint for forces." meetings with Metropolitan Nikodim and strategy and tactics and have much to do Item: Organized subversion and deception perhaps in direct talks with Soviet officials. with today's turmoil around the world. Here abroad is a revolutionary tactic. It is my guess that the Vatican was offered are only a few of the teachings of Leninism: Lenin said Communists must combine 11- 12650 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970

legal and legal activities, "resort to all sorts and a plan to follow, action could be ta.ken plan, and assist the community. As can be of strategems, maneuvers, illegal methods, enlisting the necessary coo~ration of nature. seen in the Turtle Creek illustration, if all evasions and subterfuges so as only to get MULTIPHASED ROLES phases are carefully followed, a quality en­ into the trade unions, remain in them and vironment can be obtained and maintained. carry on Oommunist work within them at The first part of the SWCD's multiphased all costs." They must be able to accept defeat role called for the unification of the people SPEECH OF LARRY STEIKER, DIVINE HEART and humiliation whenever it helps the cause, of Turtle Creek. Farmer, businessman, house­ SEMINARY DONALDSON, IND. because the end justifies the means. "If you wife, student, and manufacturer all affect Ladies and Gentlemen, good evening. are unable to adapt yourself, if you are not nature and, conversely, are affected by na­ "The wind grew strong and hard, and it inclined to crawl in the mud on your belly, ture. Thus, no segment of the community can worked at the rain crust in the corn fields. you are not a revolutionary, but a chatter­ be overlooked. Realizing this important fact, Little by little the sky was darkened by the box." the district united the county government, mixing dust, and the wind felt over the POWERFUL OPPONENT news media, civic groups, churches and earth loosened the dust and carried it schools, and other local organizations with What if the system the Communists oppose a.way. The finest dust did not settle back the common goal of developing a quality en­ to the earth now, but disappeared into the is powerful? Compromise may be temporarily vironment for Turtle Creek. necessary because "to accept battle at a time darkening sky. The corn threshed the wind, The next step, the education of the com­ and made a dry rushing sound." when it is obviously advantageous to the munity, was accomplished through education enemy and not to us is a crime, and those programs and such events as tours, exhibits, ABANDONING OLD WAYS OF LIFE political leaders of the revolutionary class and a conservation camp for the youth. Soil The preceeding passage, from John Stein­ who are unable to tack, to maneuver, to com­ and water conservation experts were asked beck's, "Grapes of Wrath", conveys the promise in order to a.void an obviously dis­ to speak to the Turtle Creek landowners. hardships of the farmers who lived through advantageous battle are good for nothing." Bulletins from the Agricultural Research the dust storms of the 1930's. Plagued by Center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture dust storms, bankruptcy, and other calami­ were distributed throughout the community. ties, the farmers of Oklahoma., as depicted Several leaders from the community were by John Steinbeck's Pulitzer Prize winning INDIANA SOIL AND WATER CONSER­ elected to be trained by the State Soil and novel, "The Grapes of Wrath", were a sul­ VATION DISTRICT PUBLIC SPEAK­ Water Conservation Committee so that the len frustra.ted lot. The tragedies of depres­ ING CONTEST SWCD would be intelligently directed. sion heightened their frustration, the frus­ The third step in the SWCD's multiphased tration, that forced them to abandon not role to develop a quality environment was only their homes and farms, but ... their HON. JOHN BRADEMAS to establish a plan of action, one that would ways of life. not only solve the present problems, but also "The Soil and Water Conservation Dis­ OF INDIANA prevent future ones from arising. This re­ trict--Its roles in developing a quality en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quired intelligent planning, ample foresight, vironment for Hoosiers." Tuesday, April 21, 1970 and accurate information on the soils in the In my speech tonight, I would like to district. To obtain this information, soil sur­ discuss the functions of the Soil and Water Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, three veys were taken to discover where flooding Conservation District and the problems students from Indiana's Third Congres­ might occur, where drainage was a problem, that it confronts. sional District have been winners in the where septic tanks would not work, what OPERATING STRUCTURE OF THE SOIL AND WATER soils were not safe for buildings or roads, CONSERVATION DISTRICT Indiana Soil and Water Conservation and similar important facts. With this neces­ District public speaking contest. sary information, the SWCD was able to plan Soil and Water Conservation Districts are These speeches highlight the efforts watershed and fiood prevention projects legally constituted units or instrumentalities of the soil and water conservation dis­ whose main purpose was to control flooding of State government, created to administer tricts in protecting the quality of our en­ and protect the land. However, it was neces­ soil and water conservation work within their sary to take such needs as community water boundaries. Each district is ::;elf-governed. It vironment for over 30 years. has authority to enter into working agree­ Phil Rarrick, a student at Clay High supply needs, recreation needs, and wildlife needs into consideration before Turtle Creek ments with other governmental agencies and School, South Bend, won the St. Joseph could have a comprehensive plan that would with private concerns to carry out its pur­ County division of this public speaking be mutually beneficial to all. poses. The Soil and Water Conservation Dis­ contest. Finally, the last step could be ta.ken to trict provides assistance to rural land owners In the northwestern Indiana area divi­ fulfill the SWCD's four-fold role. The ~o­ and operators, watershed associations, and sion of the contest, Larry Stucker was ple were united, educated, and had a plan others. Once established, a soil and water to follow. The fourth phase called for the Conservation District, is legally responsible the winner and Joe Zsigray placed sec­ for soil and water conservation within its ond. Both of these Marshall County stu­ plan to be implemented and the people of Turtle Creek, with the assistance of the territory, much as a county is responsible dents attend the Divine Heart Seminary SWCD, attacked their problems with a con­ for roads or a school district for education. at Donaldson, Ind. fident zeail. The district helped landowners The Soil and Water Conservation District Mr. Speaker, I insert these three develop, apply, and maintain conservation enters into cooperative agreements with land speeches in the RECORD: plans on their land. It sponsored small owners and operators who wish to partici­ watershed programs. It provided leadership pate in the district's program. THE SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DIS­ In general, a two-point consensus is TRICT-ITS ROLE IN DEVELOPING A QUAL­ for area and community-wide conservation projects. The district also assisted several reached by the state and its districts, and ITY ENVmONMENT FOR HOOSIERS that is this: ' (By Phil Rarrick) community organizations in developing a beautiful and functional landscape for the ( 1) The land owner or opera.tor agrees to Turtle Creek was a typical Indian town­ community. prepare and follow a conservation plan for until the floods came, causing erosion of the using his land within its capability and rich topsoil and extensive crop damage. Then A QUALITY ENVmONMENT treating it according to its needs. droughts followed the floods, drying up the Today, the people of Turtle Creek only (2) The district agrees to provide a soil and meager water supplies and destroying more need to look around them to see how effec­ land capability map, information, technical crops. As these calamities continued, the tive their SWCD has been in fulfilling its assistance, and other services and materials farmers found it increasingly difficult to comprehensive role to develop a quality as available and needed to help the "coop­ make a living. The townspeople suffered also, environment. A system of pipes drains the erator" (and this is an important term), car­ since the farmers could not buy merchan­ fields and protects against fioods. A res­ ry out the plan. dise from their stores. Like a man slowly ervoir has increased the available water Individual fa.rm, ranch, and other soil and wasting away from the lethal growth of can­ supply three times, thus erasing fears of water conservation plans are the backbone cer, Turtle Creek was gradually dying. drought damage in the future. The farmers of a soil and water conservation program. Suddenly, the people realized that they have become more pros~rous than ever A plan gives a land owner or operator a were in a fight for survival. Quickly they or­ before and, in turn, the townsfolk have picture of his soil and water resources, his ganized a soil and water conservation dis­ thrived. Living now in a quality environ­ land's conservation needs, and the soil and trict (SWCD). If Turtle Creek was to sur­ men1<., the people of Turtle Creek are reap­ water management problems. It enables him vive, its people concluded, it must develop ing the benefits nature bestows those who to make needed land use changes and to a quality environment as soon as possible. use her wisely. install needed combinations of practices in They decided that the SWCD's role would, Turtle Creek is, of course, a hypothetical an orderly manner. therefore, be four-fold. First, the community example, illustrating the SWCD's multi­ Actually the purposes and objectives of the would have to be unified. Then it would have phased role in developing a quality en­ district, boil down to this; the installment to be educated. Next, a plan for dealing with vironment. In the development stage, this of a spirit of welfare and general concern, the immediate conservation problems and role is a step by step process. However, when and cooperation among the agricultural com­ those of the future would have to be made. a quality environment is developed, the munity. Finally, with a unified, educated community, SWCD must continue to unify, educate, This cooperation manifests itself in face April 21, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12651 of the overwhelming problems which con­ vation District, and it is no exaggeration to a.re able to do amazing feats, such as grasp­ front the agricultural community today. state that conservation is every one's con­ ing, picking up, setting down, pushing, or cern. pull1ng. So to with The Soil and Water Con­ GROWING PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION In the novel "Grapes of Wrath," which I servation District. We, the individual land The problems of the 1930's are past, but referred to in the beginning of my speech, owners and operators, a.re the fingers of the that is not to say that there are not prob­ the Joad Family 1s forced to flee their home District. Each individual can do a limited lems of the same magnitude and dimension because of inevitable disaster. I sometimes amount of work, but put all these individuals existing today. wonder that if the Joad family were able to into an organized structure such as the Soil The complex problems of ecology and man's utilize an organization such as the Soil and and Water Conservation District, the work struggle with his environment are reflected Water Conservation District, as an effective which can be done is astonishing. The results in the growing problems of pollution. weapon to combat their problems, they might of the District's work in the past testifies to Industries are encouraged to move into never have been forced from their homestead, this fact. Again, the results of the District's rural and suburban areas where often, laws and their way of life. work in the present depends on us. governing the disposal of waste are eit~er Good Evening. The same problems that have plagued the weak or nonexistent. In order to economize, State in the pa.st are in exis·tence today. industrialists often choose low-priced farm WINNER SUB-AREA CONTEST Maybe they exist to a lesser degree, but the acreage to deposit large amounts of waste. fact remains that they still do exist. The The massive abuse of our water resources THE SoIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT: ITS ROLE IN DEVELOPING A QUALITY ENVI­ approach in dealing with these problems is is graphically proven by the Department of through the Watershed programs sponsored Interior, which claims that only 6.7% of RONMENT FOR HOOSIERS (By Joe Zsigray) by the districts. Presently, 87 such projects water that Industry draws for its own use, have been approved for construction. These is actually used. 6.7% ! ! Thirty years a.go, the Soil and Water Con­ programs cover about 35% of the state's And looking further into the peripheral servation District was established in the land mass. But these programs must have of problems facing the agricultural as well State of Indiana. Its purpose: to help solve our full support if they a.re to be successful. as the urban communities. One must per­ the growing problems facing conservation We must support these programs not only ceive the inevitable rise in population. in the state. Since 1940 to the present time, in spirit, but also more importantly by our Unless the agricultural community, and it has labored at this task. financial assistance and by our work. So is the urban community cooperate on matters Although the Soil and Water Conserva­ the Soil and Water Conservation District of conservation, by working through these tion District does exist, what is its role in fulfill1ng its role of developing a quality state-wide Soil and Water Conservation Dis­ the State of Indiana? I feel that the answer environment for Hoosiers? I think it is, for tricts, Hoosiers will eventually be faced with to this question can be found in the topic on the cooperation and the spirit presently is these questions. Will Indiana be ready to which we are to speak about tonight. The high, and the Watershed programs are very feed a growing population? Is there enough role of the Soil and Water Conservation Dis­ much developing in the state. clean water for Hoosiers? Can Hoosiers live trict is developing a quality environment for in a quality environment with such abuse hoosiers. The next logical question is to ask, CHALLENGE OF THE FUTURE and pollution? Is the role of developing a quality environ­ My final question is: Will the Soil and It is no longer a luxury for the State of ment for hoosiers being fulfilled by the Soil Water Conservation District fulfill its role Indiana to become involved in the conserva­ and Water Conservation District? Let us ex­ in the future? This is a very serious question, tion to our environment. It is no longer a amine this question! for in the future, the population of this state hobby to be concerned about our soil and FULFILLING PAST ROLE will increase. With this population increase, water problems. cities will also become larger and will have Improper price stabilization contributes Let's turn to the past! In the past to expand. The result: large industrial cities, not only to the imbalance of the agricultural has the Soil and Water Conservation District a large hungry population, and a smaller community, but to the American economy as fulfilled its role? Since its conception in agricultural area in which to raise crops to well. 1940 the Soil and Water Conservation Dis­ support this population. Therefore, it will When a farmer lacks knowledge of flood trict' has worked hard in trying to solve the be of the utmost importance that land be prevention and draining techniques and problems of flooding, erosion, improper land wisely and properly used, that erosion caused other essentials, he not only deprives him­ useage, and other such conservation prob­ by wind and water be kept to a minimum. self of success, but damages agricultural lems plagueing the State, thus helping to de­ It will only be in this way, can the land progress as well. velop a quality environment for hoosiers. yield its full amount year after year which Since its conception in 1940, the Soll and COOPERATION AND COMMUNITY SPmIT will be needed to support so large a popula­ Water Conservation District has renovated tion. But this can only be done through The Soil and Water Conservation District over % million acres of pastureland, thus not is a cooperative, and a community. When one the cooperation of rural and urban com­ only providing a source of food for livestock munities alike. member of the community contributes but also preventing erosion by planting poorly, he endangers the progress of the en­ We have seen the role of the Soil and grasses to hold the soil firm. To protect our Water Conservation District. That role is tire community. And likewise, when a fa.rm.er crop lands from erosion, over ¥,i million acres achieves success, his accomplishments con­ developing a quality environment for Hoo­ of contour plowing and over 2000 miles of siers. We have seen that the Soil and Water tribute to the welfare of the entire com­ terracing have been done. In the area of munity. A farmer's success in the district Conservation District has fulfilled its role water care, over 22,000 erosion and water in the past and is continuing to do so in tl;le can actually be attributed in many cases to control structures have been established. the cooperation he received from his fellow present. The big question is: Will the Soil Some of these structures include check dams and Water Conservation District fulfill its farmers in the Soil and Water Conservation and grass water-ways to prevent excessive District. role in developing a quality environment in soil loss due to flooding waters, ponds and the future? The well-being of the whole--depends en­ reservoirs to store water needed for use. To tirely upon the efforts of each individual You are the Soil and Water Conservation protect and to develop our forests, the Soil District. That question I leave to you. member. A machine cannot work properly and Water Conservation District has unless all of its parts function correctly, ... planted over 106,000 acres of trees, not only and so it is with the Soil and Water Conser­ is it providing wood and lumber supplies vation District. for our future generations, but more impor­ Probably the closest parallel that can be tantly it is making available a home for wild­ SOUTH AFRICAN THREADS AMONG drawn to the Hoosier/American Soil and Con­ life which needs the forest for survival. So THE GOLD servation District system, is the "kibbutz" in the past, I think we can safely say that system in Israel. A "kibbutz" or "moshav" in the Soil and Water Conservation District has Israel, impresses upon each individual his fulfilled its role in developing a quality en­ HON. RICHARD T. HANNA importance to the community. A "moshav" is vironment for Hoosiers. OF CALIFORNIA a group of families living in one community. Each family, each individual contributes to LIKE A HAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the betterment of the other, through agri­ Now, how about the present? Is the Soil Tuesday, April 21, 1970 cultural production. A democratically run and Water Conservation District fulfilling organization, the moshav provides the equip­ its role in the present? The answer to this Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I would like ment and training that is necessary for the question lies largely with us. For we are at this time to include in the RECORD an farmer to survive successfully. the Soil and Water Conservation District, so article written by my noted colleague This is the type of organization that the what we do will deterinine whether or not from Wisconsin, Congressman HENRY the District Fulfills its role. Soil and Water Conservation District is. The REuss. Extracted from the March 20, district provokes interest in its activities by For you see, the Soil and Water Conser­ 1970, issue of Commonweal, the article sponsoring such projects as the Orathorical vation District is like a hand. A hand is made Contest that yiou are now listening to. up of fingers, each individual and capable of deals with an area in which the Con­ Cooperation and community spirit gener­ some movement. But put these Fingers in gressman is eminently qualified, interna­ ate the success!Ul Soil and Water Conser- an organized structure such as the hand they tional finance. Long interested in and 12652 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 21, 1970 concerned about international monetary financial markets were unsettled by the de­ modity as gold. These legitimate fears of problems, Mr. REuss now serves as chair­ valuation of the pound sterling in Novem­ central bankers rould well have been stilled man of the Subcommittee on Interna­ ber, 1967, and by the disastrous fourth­ had the U.S. taken the lead in asking the qua.rter United States balance of payments IMF to guarantee the $35 an ounce value of tional Finance. deficit. The United States, the United King­ all legitimate monetary gold. Already an author in his own right, the dom, and other members of the "gold pool" A second concern was that the world's cen­ Congressman has added but one more poured gold into the London market, trying tral bankers might begin to welsh on the credit to his knowledge and expertise, to prevent the speculators from raising the March, 1968, two-tier agreement, and openly having presented in this article an in­ price to well above $35. The fear was that if or clandestinely buy and sell gold in the pri­ teresting and informed consideration of the free market price of gold went to around vate market in order to make a quick profit. the current policies of the Treasury De­ $50 an ounce, central bankers would sell The House-Senate Subcommittee on Inter­ their gold in this market for a profit, replace national Exchange and Payments pointed partment toward South African gold it from the United States at $35 an ounce out that the Treasury had a splendid weapon purchases and the international gold by presenting their dollars, and then repeat for dissuading foreign central banks who market. Mr. REuss has suggested con­ the process until the United States was forced might be tempted to violate the March, 1968, tradictions in this policy which deserve to raise the price of gold. The gold pool agreement. As the Subcommittee recom­ consideration by concerned individuals, poured some $3 b11lion of gold into the Lon­ mended: "The Secretary of the Treasury both in Congress and in the public at don market within a few weeks. But the price could condition his purchase of gold from a large. of gold continued to go up, and a catastrophe foreign monetary authority on the latter's The article follows: loomed ahead. assurance that it had not obtained 'bootleg' But then, in the nick of time, the seven gold, whether newly mined or hoarded, from SOUTH AFRICAN THREADS AMONG THE GoLD gold pool countries framed the March 17, the private market. This Treasury 'condi­ (By HENRY S. REUSS) 1968 Washingt.on two-tier gold agreement. tion' would be intended to, and in all likeli­ The United States Treasury apparently Professor Richard Cooper of Yale, adviser to hood would in fact, discourage foreign official just can't stand prosperity. No sooner had the both the Johnson and Nixon Administra­ purchases of 'bootleg' gold because of the world monetary system won the war by South tions, describes that agreement: "To prevent knowledge that to do so would cause the Africa to force the free market price of gold further losses, in March 1968 the pool took withdrawal of any U.S.-financed floor." dangerously out of sight than the Treasury, the far-reaching step of allowing the market The Subcommittee went on to warn that la.st December 30, concluded an agreement price of gold to go free. The intent of this "the U.S. Treasury should under no fore­ with South Africa and the International action was to divide gold into two commodi­ seeable circumsitances agree to support-­ Monetary Fund whereby the IMF-and ulti­ ties, one for monetary purposes and one for either directly, through the IMF, or by sanc­ mately the United States-will support the private uses. All new gold was to be directed tioning the purchases of other industrial price of South African gold by buying it at to private uses; central banks agreed neither countries-the free market price of gold." $35 an ounce whenever the price dips below to sell nor to buy gold outside the monetary RECOMMENDATION IGNORED that figure in the free market. system. It was as if all monetary gold on March 17 were painted indelibly blue, with The Treasury chose to ignore the Subcom­ To understand the meaning of the yea.r­ mittee's recommendation-as of course it has end gold agreement, let us look at the history the claim that no new gold would be so painted in the future. This blue gold could a legal right to do. On December 30, 1969, of gold and the dollar in the la.st 25 years. with Congress safely out of session, the Treas­ Under the 1945 Bretton Woods Charter on transfer among central banks in settlement of international debts at a value of $35 an ury entered into the agreement With South which the international monetary system is Africa. Under that agreement, South Africa based, the United States agreed to sell gold ounce. Metallic gold could sell in the mar­ ket like any other non-ferrous metal, the will sell its current gold output in the private to official monetary authorities for $35 an gold markets when the price is above $35 an ounce. The U.S. gold reserve was then some price reflecting a balance between supply and demand for private uses. This division ounce (an agreement of doubtful value, since $20 billion, and foreign dollar claims against South Africa had just established that it, it were only $7 billion. Thus it looked as if of markets was to be policed by the refusal of the U.S. Treasury, the only government for all practical purposes, has to do this in the United States could support this vestige any event in order to avoid a balance of pay­ of the gold standard without embarrassment committed to buy and sell gold for its cur­ rency, to deal in gold with those central ment crisis for South Africa). When the price to itself. is below $35 an ounce, South Africa will be But for the last 20 years the United States banks that traded in gold with the private sector." able to sell the IMF whatever amounts of gold has been losing gold and accumulating are needed in order to pay for South Africa's short-term debts it owes foreigners. Today Within a few weeks the United States had obtained the adherence to the two-tier gold trade and investment. The IMF would im­ our gold stock is $11.9 billion, and the dol­ mediately unload i.ts gold to its members. lar claims outstanding in foreign hands are agreement of more than 80 countries­ As the only country in the world committed $42.6 billion. This four-to-one bookkeeping everybody important but France and South to buy gold at a fixed price, the United States "insolvency" exposes us to pressures which Africa. South Africa for more than a year­ thus undertook an open-ended commiltment caused us seriously to retard economic until mid-1969-tried to break the agree­ to act as a purchaser of la.st resort for any growth in the first half of the 1960's and to ment by playing the old monopolist game South African gold entering the interna­ impose undesirable controls on American in­ of withholding its product from the market. tional monetary system. The agreement con­ vestment and aid in more recent years. The free market price of gold accordingly cluded, South Africa Finance Minister Countries like France have a long history shot above $40 an ounce. Nicola.as Diederichs went home to Pretoria, to of using financial power for political pur­ South Africa needs to sell practically all well-deserved applause. poses. France withdrew funds from Austria her annual gold production-around $1 bil­ What is puzzling is that the United States in 1931 to pressure Austria into avoiding lion-in order to overcome her normal bal­ Treasury also apparently expected applause union with Germany-a move that led to ance of payments deficit, also about $1 bil­ for its agreement. The official Treasury justi­ the collapse of the Credit-Anstalt bank in lion. By keeping her gold off the market, she fication for the agreement was that it was Vienna, which in turn led to a collapse of the was able to force the price up, in the hope "essential to the preservation of the two-tier international monetary system and in part that central banks would depart from the 1968 agreement." But the 1968 agreement, as to the rise of Hitler. two-tier agreement and once again threaten Professor Cooper has described it, was to More recently, in the mid-1960's, France the United States with the necessity of retain existing monetary gold in the system, embarked upon a campaign to harass the doubling the price of gold, or else. But to but not to add to it. Every ounce of South dollar. If the United States were forced to South Africa's disappointment, the central African gold added to official monetary re­ give up her gold for French-held dollars, the banks (with one unimportant exception, serves weakens the two-tier agreement. Al­ French authorities reasoned, a panic could Portugal) held firm and refused to buy. Thus ready the IMF has been purchasing South well be started which could induce the South Africa, desperate for foreign exchange, African gold under the December 30, 1969, United States to bolster her flagging reserve was forced to sell gold on the free market In agreement, since the free market price has position by doubling the price of gold. Thus the second half of 1969. The price of gold remained below the $35 an ounce level. the French gold speculators would be re­ promptly declined, ending up below $35 an Americans were shocked to hear some warded in their speculation. ounce. months ago an American major describe the France's efforts to have the price of gold You would have thought that the United leveling of a South Vietnamese village: "In doubled were vigorously joined in by the States Treasury would be rejoicing that the order to save it, we had to destroy it." Appar­ largest gold producer, South Africa, which war had been won. There were problems, but ently this reasoning appeals to the Treasury: today produces three-fourths of the world's they could have been easily handled. in order to save the two-tier agreement not newly mined gold. The Soviet Union, the The first problem was that some central to introduce new gold into the system, we other large gold producer, sat by, hoping bankers were understandably queasy at the have to introduce new gold into the system that the effort to raise the price of gold prospect of their cherished gold reserves de­ The December 30, 1969, agreement is un­ would succeed. clining in value below $35 an ounce. Their wise for at lea.st four reasons: These efforts to torpedo the dollar came citizens might well question the wisdom of 1. It gives speculators against the