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Stuart Sherman; His Consistency and Some of His Battles

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Stuart Sherman; His Consistency and Some of His Battles Stuart Sherman; his consistency and some of his battles Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Clarke, Sarah Mason, 1901- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 03:40:46 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553469 STUART SHERMAN: HIS CONSISTENCY and Some of His Battles By Sarah Mason Clarke A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of English In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arte in the Graduate College University of Arizona 1939 Approved: Major Professor x$®$£i&ro3 etH V J ‘ X j r f R A l t ^ / 18IOV tffV ■ %-* v AJU : b Q v & i r _:4 :0R8& ^ 9 Z t/ 9 8TUAHT SKERL1AN: HIS CONSIST EH CY and Some of His Battles •• TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. THE CRITIC IN THE MAKING 1. Roots - - » - - - 1 2. Branches 10 II. CRITICAL THEX)R1C- - - - - - - - - 19 III. CRITICAL BATTLES 1. The Field - - - - - - - 67 2. The First David - - - - 80 3. The Second mvld - - - - - 87 4. The Embattled Aristocrat - - 99 ************ ACKKOWLEDSMKK? To Professor Sidney F. Pattison go my warm thanks for his aeslstance in the preparation of this papW, and my sincere appreciation of M s sympathetlo direction and encour­ agement. 1 THE CRITIC IN THE HAKIHG Root# In 1903, v/hen Stmrt Sherman was a senior at Will lams, he wrote $ - ■■ ‘ • ' ' They have come with bag and baggage. Master, Doctor, nice degrees. Twenty brand-new modern notion®, proudly flaunted Kappa keys, Modi ram of worldly wisdom, - philosophic little band. Trim and trigly filled and filed, but •Lord, what do they understand?1 ... ... " : :' . • We are weary, very weary, of these up- and-eemlng men, •Tis a froward generation, ‘tie a race beyond our ken; Give ue some grey-hmded selmlar, bland and wise, with spirit clear, Lest these bra sen-handed children lead the Kosmoe by the ear!1 Thus early was the critic fully established and the first gun fired in what Sherman1s biographers describe as fSherman’s campaign against the fetish of the Ph.D.*^ This campaign wa s only one of many. It suffered distrac­ tions and transformations, but the fundamental thesis is the same that peers through a sentence published in a review of Thomas Beer*a Mauve Decade, in the last year of Sherman*® life: "Literary history is here taken out of the hands of the embalmere. It is wakened from the 12 1. Zeltlln & Woodbrldge, Life and Letters, p. 9 6 . Here­ after cited as L & L . 2. Ibid. ' " - 2 - academic anesthesia. It is quietened Into an art as personal, as colorful, as seductive as poetry.1,5 What went Into the making of this critic whose name still, after nearly fifteen years, can make his adversaries flush with Indignation at the very moment that Sherman*8 former students burn with admiration? What was his critical philo­ sophy, and where did he get It? What were the bases of his notorious critical battles? Was the cocksure boy of twenty- two compatible with the veteran critic of forty-five? Can we guess what another twenty years might have brought forth? Sherman died In August 1920, virtually In the midst of battle. Both friends and opponents were caught unawares. Sharp replies to Sherman’s own criticisms were already on presses and lost in point and prestige when they appeared after the news of Sherman’s drowning. In the meantime, literary reviews throughout the country hastily tried to evaluate the life and work of the critic. H. S. Canby wrote In the Saturday Review of Literature^ a restrained and honest estimate: Stuart Pratt Sherman, the ablest and most penetrating scholar critic of our gener­ ation In America, has died at the moment when his powers were greatest.... He went West to Illinois and, like so many con­ genital New Englanders before him, became ah idealist of the Mississippi Valley, an intellectual aristocrat committed to the spiritual salvation of democracy.... A great Puritan himself, who had escaped the narrow meagreness of M s forefathers,* 4 5. Main Stream, p.106. 4. Aug. 28, 1926, Vol. Ill, p.65. 3 Sherman championed the puritan spirit In American life, and was down like a blast from the north upon careless ad- yocatee of license and easy living. A reader of austere tastes, yet human as all wits and epigrammatists (and he was both) must be, he proclaimed the living standards of great writing when every cabbage or cauliflower was being called a rose. One of H. L. Mencken’s favorite and frequent epithets for Sherman was •Iowan.* This was because the actual phy­ sical birth of Sherman took place in a small town in loro, called Anita, in 1881. The next six years - those years often termed the most formative years of a child’s life - were spent in loro. But these years were spent upon a small farm, fairly removed from contact with any people save the boy’s New England parents and sisters. It is safe to believe that the New England heritage had here an easy fostering. The succeeding six or seven years were spent in California, in Los Angeles. Here Stuart’s father had a drug-store where the small boy, in his youthfully written autobiography, reports that he spent much of his time,5 tagging after his father*s Spanish clerk. John Sherman’s death in 1892 made Stuart, at eleven, the man of the family. The family circumstances were pressed by poverty. Mrs. Sherman, with three young children to care for, consented in the following year to let Stuart go on an expedition to Arizona with Mr. Hubbs, a gold-miner, 57“ L" & L . pTTT---- ------ : — — --— ---- - and his family. In the next eight months Sherman went through experiences vfhieh would have marked a stone— much more an impressionable youngster. After undergoing a good toughening in the wilderness camp, enduring several "scares" of one sort and another, helping to mine gold, Sherman concluded his experience with a harrowing trip across the desert. On this trip Sherman and his companions nearly died ' 6 . , ' ' of thirst. - To come from this life to the calm, placid existence among his many relatives in the little town of Dorset,. Vermont, must have been a let-down even while it was a relief. Old- timers in the town report that while Stuart’s young cousins stared wide-eyed at the boy’s tales of Western life, and the older members of the family sat by in admiring pride, other townsmen found the boy a little overbearing in manner, a - . 7 • ■ little too critical of Vermont ways. The critic already was having an excellent opportunity to weigh and contrast, to make judgments. ■ From this time onward the New England influences had free scope. Mrs. Sherman, Stuart’s mother, did everything in her power to make possible for her son the best education she could afford. She secured a position as "house mother" at Troy Conference Academy in Poultney, Vermont, in order to earn the means for Stuart’s education there. 6. Ibid., d p .29-50 ‘ - . ~ 7. This doeE^hot represent the family’s feeling. Mrs. K. S. Gilbert, Sherman’s sister, says in a letter to the writer - (Jan.1939): "I do remember how thrilled we all were to have that little tanned, sweet and shy boy home again after his adventures in the desert." - 5 Later, when he went to Williams, she ran a hoarding house (which Is still spoken of admiringly) to enable her son to finish high school and to make his way through college. * Stuart,* writes his sister, Mrs. Katherine Gilbert, "had the good fortune of expanding in an environment which fitted his needs. The environment was carefully built 8 • . around him.* Stuart * s Wllliamstown career was enough to satisfy any mother. His friend and biographer, Homer Woodbrldge, met Stuart in high school, In the Junior year. "He was a big, handsome, dark-eyed boy,* he writes, "unusually attractive and versatile, a natural athlete, a good singer, a clever actor, a brilliant student. He at once took a prominent place in school activities." But along with his more super­ ficial interests, Stuart during this period began a syste­ matic and thorough-going expansion of hi s literary horixoiis. He kept notebooks, with full notes upon M s reading. The lists of titles and authors read like a library of the classics. He did not "dip* into books or authors; he read widely and generously. Of such men as Matthew Arnold - under whose critical aegis Sherman's own banner waved so long and so proudly — he read complete works. He did not confine himself.to critics and poets; he examined religion and politics, philosophy and ecclesiastical polity. Inter­ larded were the works of his contemporaries. In the meantime 6- he -wrote1 a good deal of verse, of varying quality. He wrote editorials, also, for the-college n^azlnes, . as v/ell as stories aind other literary formal By this time he had def­ initely decided on a literary career and at his graduation from Williams he was offered an instructorship at Illinois. His biographers tell us that he took pains to assure Professor Clark,;who offered the position,, "that he had no inbred Eastern,bias and felt no shock:at the .thought of so distant a call; adding it as his impression that.
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