H. L. Mencken As a Philogist
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University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 6-1986 H. L. Mencken as a Philogist Roberta Teague Herrin University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Herrin, Roberta Teague, "H. L. Mencken as a Philogist. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1986. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2917 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Roberta Teague Herrin entitled "H. L. Mencken as a Philogist." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in English. John H. Fisher, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Thomas Heffernan, Henry Kats, Barney Reaves Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submi tti ng herewi th a dissertati on wri tten by Roberta Teague Herri n enti tled "H. L. Mencken as a Philologi s t." I have exami ned the fi nal copy of th is di s sertati on for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in parti al fu lfi llment of the requi rements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy , wi th a major in English. er, Major Professor We have read thi s di ssertati on and recomrn d its. cceptance: Accepted for the Counci l: [ Vi ce Provost and Dean of The Graduate School [ I __J H. L. MENCKEN AS A PHILOLOGIST A Dis serta ti on Presented for the Doctor of Phi losophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Roberta Teague Herri n June 1986 ABSTRACT This di ssertation exami nes H. L. Me ncken's attitudes toward language and the forces th at shaped th ose atti tudes . Th is study also traces th e devel opment of Th e American Language, assesses th e infl uence of th is work on language studies in America , and examines Mencken's place in the fi eld of linguistics. Th ree types of ma terial are surveyed in th is study: th e body of H. L. Mencken 's wri ti ng th at reflects his atti tudes toward language; th e defi nitive secondary material wh ich focuses on Mencken's interest in American English; and th e background material necessary to establish a social , historical , pol i tical , and linguistic contex t for Mencken's ideas . Th is study concludes th at H. L. Mencken 's attitudes tO\'Iard American English were shaped by a number of factors--his upbringing in th e mi ddle-class household of a German-American cigar maker, his ex periences as a journal ist, his early readi ng in Di alect Notes , his ex perience as a magazine edi tor and essayist. Th ough Mencken became adept enough in language study to produce Th e American Language , his chauvanistic treatment of American Engl ish and his methods of col lecti ng information barred him from th e ranks of th e professional linguists . He was--and is--considered an amateur, a dilettante, a man unsophisticated in linguistics . Mencken's lasting value is that he set before a growing community of linguists a work wh ich inspired other ph ilologists to :;; ;;; collect and analyze. Th e th es is of Th e American Language was but one of many catalysts for American linguistic study in th e twenties and th irties . It is important because it came from a sophisticated man of letters wh o twitted th e professionals into ac tion. TAB LE OF CONTENTS CHAPTE R PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose . 1 Scope . 1 Rati ona 1 e . 1 I. MENCKEN•s LI FELONG INTEREST IN LAN GUAGE 6 As a Child ............ 6 As a Jo urnalist ......... 8 As a Magazine Editor and Essayist 17 As an 01 d Man . 21 II. MENCKEN1S ATTITUDES TOWARD TH E LANGUAGE OF TH E COMMON MAN . 2 3 Mencken•s Incongruous Atti tudes . 23 Mencken •s German-Amer ican Heritage . 27 Ei ghteenth-Century Idealism and Rejection of Democracy . • . 28 The Genui ne Ar istocracy and the For gotten Man 32 The Genteel Tr adi tion 37 World War I and the Twenties 40 III. MENCKEN AND THE SCHOOLMARM . 45 The Mi ddle-Cl ass Concerns . 45 The School marm . 48 The Sc hoolmarm •s Fa ilure . 53 The Schoolmarm and the Teaching Profession . 59 The School marm in Gr eat Permi tter •s Clothing . 69 IV. MENCKEN•s ATTITUDES TOWARD STY LE . 79 Mencken•s Views on Bad Wri ti ng .. 79 Me nc ken•s Vi ews on Good Wr iting 85 Mencken•s Style .... ..... 90 The li fe of Mencken•s Style 94 The Clarity of Me ncken •s Style 102 V. TH E AMERICAN LANGUAGE 110 The Begi nnings ... 110 iv v CHAPTER PAGE Th e Fi rst Edi tion 112 Th e Second Edi tion 118 Th e Th i rd Edi ti on . 121 The Fo urth Edi tion . 124 Th e Supplements .. 129 Th e Abri dgment .. 132 VI . MENCKE N•s LINGUISTI C SOPHISTI CATION AN D INFLUENCE 136 Mencken•s Ques tionable Standi ng as a Linguist 136 Mencken•s Infl uence .... 157 CONCLUS ION . 165 BIBLIOGRAPHY 168 VITA . • . 1 77 INTRODUCTION Purpose Th e purpose of th is dissertation is to exami ne H. L. Me ncken 's attitudes toward language and th e forces th at shaped those atti tudes . Th is study also traces th e development of Th e Amer ican Language , assesses th e influence of th is work on language studies in America, and exami nes Me ncken's place in the field of linguistics . Scope Three ty pes of material are surveyed in th is study: th e body of H. L. t4encken 's wri ting th at refl ects his atti tude toward language ; th e defi nitive secondary material wh ich focuses on r1encken's interest in American English; and th e background material necessary to establish a social , histor ical , political , and linguistic contex t for Mencken's ideas . Wh ere necessary , th is paper utilizes Mencken's manuscripts , sc rapbooks , and papers housed in th e Enoch Pratt Fr ee Library in Baltimore, Maryland. Th e dissertati on examines th e content of Th e American Language only as it demons trates Mencken's atti tudes toward language or sheds light on th e tr ends in lingui stic study th at are significant for Mencken's work . Rationale Since 1959, nineteen di ssertations have been wr itten on subjec ts such as H. L. Mencken's relationships with Dr eiser and 1 2 Upton Sinclair, Mencken•s ph ilosophy , his literary cri ticism, his Mercury essays , his cri ticism of th e New De al , his commentary on th e South , his pol itics, and his rh etoric . No monograph of Me ncken's ph ilological interests has appeared . In fact, history sometimes assigns Mencken's language study a back seat to his pol itical , social , and literary commentary . Consequently, his reputation often rests on 11A Bathtub Hoax , 11 11The Sahara of th e Bozart , 11 th e obi tuary of William Jennings Bryan, and his introduction to Dreiser's An American Tragedy . Along with Mencken•s journalism and literary cri ticism, however, his interest in language matured as he matured, and Th e American Language th us became a classic piece of American literature. In 1936 Edmund Wilson praised th e fourth edition as 11an authori tati ve work of th e very fi rst interest and importance ... Wilson bel i eved th at th e first edi tion of 11The American Language .. marked a stage in th e development of our literature . It marked th e moment when th e living tide of American had mounted so high along th e sands of 11Correc t English11 th at it became necessary to make some formal recogni tion of it--the moment wh en American wri ters were fi nal ly to take flight from th e old tree and to trus t for th e fi rs t time th eir own dialect. Looking back, we must give Mencken credit for one of th e really valuable services performed in our own day by American criticism for American wri ting . For th e period of literary ac tivity wh ich reached its height just after th e War, two cri tics of importance stand out: Mencken and Van Wyc k Brooks . Brooks ex posed th e negative aspects of our literary tradi tion and urged us to get away from our governesses . Mencken showed th e positive value of our vul gar heri tage; and he did more th an anyone else in his field to bri ng about th at 11COming of age 11 for wh ich Brooks had sounded th e hour. (299 ) �l ilson has identified th e ex ac t s i gni fi cance of Th e American Language : It marked th e end of American literary colonial ism.