S590 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 I would like to comment on a very forced to burden themselves with an in- Senators did submit more than 200 important provision contained in this creasing debt load when they go in such questions, all of which were an- bill which will make higher education search of their first job. This can be swered in writing by Ambassador more affordable. For the past several avoided with passage of S. 1. Albright. years, I have worked to allow the earn- Mr. President, in an effort to build on The committee still has an out- ings invested in State-sponsored tui- the accomplishments of last year, I standing document request concerning tion savings accounts to grow tax-free look forward to working with Senator Somalia, and we fully expect that the when used for higher education ex- COVERDELL, the sponsor of this legisla- administration will cooperate and com- penses. This bill also will cover room tion, and the Senate Labor and Fi- ply with that request, as the adminis- and board cost. These changes will help nance Committees to help families tration has promised to do. families offset the rising cost of edu- meet the rising cost of higher edu- In any case, this past Monday, Janu- cation by rewarding those who save. cation. ary 20, after members had spent several days examining the written responses For the past several years, I have f worked to eliminate the tax on edu- to questions, the committee met in a cation savings. In 1994, I first intro- CONCLUSION OF MORNING business meeting to consider the nomi- duced S. 1787, to make a family’s in- BUSINESS nation. By a vote of 18 to nothing, vestment earnings tax-free when in- unanimously, the Committee on For- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning eign Relations favorably reported the vested in a State tuition savings plan. business is closed. Again, in the 104th Congress, I intro- Albright nomination. duced a similar bill, S. 386. Both bills f There are Senators who support this nomination but who, nonetheless, have were endorsed by the National Associa- EXECUTIVE SESSION honest disagreements with Ambassador tion of State Treasurers and their Col- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Albright on major foreign policy lege Savings Plan Network, which rep- the previous order, the hour of 12 noon issues. As I mentioned in the hearing resents the individual State programs. having arrived, the Senate will now go On July 9, 1996, Congress passed myself, while I do not doubt that Am- into executive session and proceed to many of the reforms proposed in S. 386, bassador Albright is sincere, on some the consideration of the nomination of issues I believe her to be sincerely as part of the Small Business Tax Re- Madeleine Albright to be Secretary of wrong. Some of those differences were lief Act of 1996. This legislation was State. discussed during the hearing, others in signed into law by the President on Au- private. And we will continue to dis- gust 20, 1996. f While we made important gains last cuss them after she is confirmed, which NOMINATION OF MADELEINE I am certain she will be. year, we need to finish what we started KORBEL ALBRIGHT, OF THE DIS- Notwithstanding our differences, and fully exempt investment income TRICT OF COLUMBIA, TO BE SEC- Mrs. Albright is a lady who under- from taxation. This legislation does RETARY OF STATE stands Congress. She understands the that. It also expands the definition of important role that Congress must qualified education expense to include The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report Executive Calendar play in developing U.S. foreign policy. room and board. Such costs make up However, my support for the nominee nearly 50 percent of annual college ex- No. 1. The legislative clerk read the nomi- should in no way be misconstrued as an penses. endorsement of the administration’s The facts are clear; education costs nation of Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be Sec- conduct of foreign policy. It would be are outpacing wage growth and have insincere of me if I pretended other- created a barrier for students wanting retary of State. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The wise. Many Americans, among them to attend college. According to the myself, hope that in the area of foreign General Accounting Office, tuition Chair recognizes the Senator from North Carolina. policy, the next 4 years will not costs at a 4-year public university rose produce a sequel to the travail of the 234 percent between 1980–94. During this Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, am I cor- rect there is a 2-hour time agreement first 4 years. same period, median household income After 12 years of Ronald Reagan and on the nomination? rose only 84 percent. It is no wonder George Bush in the White House, the The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is fewer families can afford to send their United States had once again become correct. children to college without financial the undisputed leader of the free world. Mr. HELMS. I thank the Chair. I assistance. Our friends followed us, and our en- As tuition costs continue to increase, yield myself such time as I may re- emies, the enemies of freedom, thanks so does the need for assistance. In 1990, quire. to Presidents Reagan and Bush, feared over 56 percent of all students accepted Mr. President, today the Senate will and respected the United States, be- some form of financial assistance. fulfill its constitutional duty on the cause we were strong. The emphasis Today, it is increasingly common for nomination of Madeleine Albright to was on our constitutional requirement students to study now, and pay later. serve as Secretary of State of the as a tripartite Government, to make In fact, more students than ever are United States. The Senate Committee sure that this Nation would lead the forced to bear additional loan costs in on Foreign Relations met for more world as a strong, strong democracy. order to receive an education. In 1994, than 6 hours on January 8, to consider Many of those important gains have Federal education loan volume rose by this nomination. During that hearing, been neutralized by a foreign policy too 57 percent from the previous year. On the committee heard from then Sec- often vacillating and insecure; a for- top of that, students have increased retary of State Warren Christopher, eign policy that has responded to world the size of their loan burden by an av- who presented Ambassador Albright, events, rather than shaping world erage of 28 percent. and I think that is the first time in his- events. And it is quite revealing when So, not only are more students tak- tory that an outgoing Secretary has this administration, as it often does, ing out more loans, they are taking out presented to a committee the nominee boasts that the invasion of Haiti was a bigger loans as well. This year, nearly to succeed him. In any case, Secretary great foreign policy accomplishment. half of college graduates hit the pave- Christopher presented her, and the Mr. President, sending American sol- ment with their diplomas in one hand nominee, Mrs. Albright, was questioned diers into harm’s way on a tiny Carib- and a stack of loan repayment books in extensively by all members of the com- bean island with no vital interest at the other. mittee on a broad range of national se- stake to replace one group of thugs I believe we need to reverse this curity issues. with another group of thugs does not trend by boosting savings and helping At the conclusion of the hearing, it seem to me to be much of an accom- families meet the education needs of was agreed to keep the record open plishment. In any event, the Haiti ex- their children before they enter col- until the close of business on January cursion, at last count, has cost the lege. If we continue to ignore this prob- 10, so Senators could submit written American taxpayers more than $2 bil- lem, more and more children will be questions to the nominee. And twelve lion.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S591 From there the list goes on and on: Moreover, she assured the committee The point is this: Republican or Dem- from Bosnia, where the United States that she would ‘‘never advise using ocrat—it doesn’t matter—none of us subcontracted to the terrorist regime American forces where other means are should be willing to stand by and allow in Iran our responsibilities to help the available, where there is not the sup- America to enter a new millennium Bosnians defend against genocide; to port of Congress and the people, where with antiquated foreign policy institu- China, where vacillation led Beijing to there is not a possibility of or where tions built, let’s face it, to fight the believe it could get away with bullying there is no exit strategy, and where cold war. And mark my words, if I have Taiwan; to Somalia, where an uncer- there is not the likelihood or the re- anything to do with it, we will not do tain United States policy resulted in ality of winning.’’ End of quote, Am- so. the tragic and unnecessary deaths of 18 bassador Albright. Mrs. Albright assured the committee American Rangers; to Iraq, where our Actions speak louder than words, of that she will keep an open mind as she CIA Director himself admitted that course, and we will be watching her discusses this matter, and others. I in- Saddam Hussein is now politically closely. She knows that. She expects tend to hold her to that commitment stronger than ever before. that. We will watch her to ensure that to work with us, to consult with us and Time and time again, during the past this administration has, in fact, cooperate with us so that we can work 4 years, a message of weakened resolve learned from the disasters of the past 4 together for the goals that she and we was sent around the world, and with years. have discussed and mutually agreed to. tragic results. Another key responsibility of the Mrs. Albright must also work with History teaches us one unmistakably next Secretary of State will be to re- Congress to achieve serious and lasting clear lesson, I think, Mr. President, form and restructure the antiquated reform at the United Nations. The se- that being that the security of the foreign policy bureaucracy. The 104th lection of a new Secretary General is American people is always less certain Congress passed major legislation to an important first step, but it is only when our adversaries doubt our re- streamline our foreign policy appa- one step. solve, and our adversaries very much ratus and eliminate three unnecessary, I think the American people are tired doubt our resolve at this moment. bloated, and outdated Federal bureauc- of all the rhetoric from the inter- If confirmed, Ambassador Albright racies, one of which was described by national community and the State De- must move swiftly and decisively to re- its proponents in the 1960’s as a ‘‘tem- partment blaming the United States verse that trend, and we have discussed porary’’ Federal agency. It is like Ron- for the United Nations’ so-called fiscal it. As I said earlier, she is a strong ald Reagan said: Nothing is so near crisis. One quarter of every dollar that lady, she is a courageous lady. She has eternal life as a temporary Federal the United Nations receives for its proved that, and she is going to have to agency. But these agencies were prom- budget comes from the taxpayers of the continue to push for strength of the ised to be in the 1950’s and 1960’s tem- United States. Over all, American tax- United States. She must bring strength porary, and they are still around payers contribute upwards of $3.5 bil- and courage and coherence and direc- spending money, in so many, many lion to the United Nations. By con- tion and fresh ideas to America’s for- cases, unwisely. trast, more than half of the United Na- Our plan last year, and the plan that eign policy. tions members pay just one-hundredth Let’s face it, one of her most critical will be submitted this year, will save of 1 percent of the United Nations reg- responsibilities, if confirmed—and she the American people more than a bil- ular budget. Senators must keep that will be—will be that the responsibility lion dollars. Instead of endorsing that in mind as we begin discussions on U.N. of advising the President when and legislation last year and the year be- reform. Many countries have no incen- fore, which was vigorously supported where and under what conditions to tive to reform because they gain more and endorsed by five former Secre- commit American forces to combat or from the United Nations than they put taries of State, the administration op- to dangerous missions abroad. Senator into it. posed it every step of the way. In fact, So let me summarize in conclusion, CHUCK HAGEL, a distinguished veteran the administration, while trashing our of the Vietnam war and one of the new- Mr. President. Mrs. Albright knows proposal, never came forward with a est members of the Senate Foreign Re- that I intend to work with her. I think proposal of its own, despite promises to lations Committee, properly pressed she understands that the entire For- do so by the administration. nominee Albright on this very point eign Relations Committee intends to Vice President GORE, who served in work with her. I intend to also work during the hearing, as did another dis- the Senate and whom all of us like, with the new Secretary-General, Mr. tinguished Senator, JOHN ASHCROFT. I issued a statement on January 27, 1995, Annan, and with Senator ROD GRAMS, applaud these two Senators for their promising the American people a plan who is our congressional delegate to perseverance on this issue, because to streamline the U.S. foreign policy the United Nations, who has developed their concerns are shared by many Sen- bureaucracy and save, in his words— an important expertise on this issue. ators and millions of the American these are not my words, these are AL We will work with all of these and people. GORE’s words—to save $5 billion over 5 other Members of Congress to bring We must make certain that never years. true reform to the United Nations, again will American troops be sent into But 2 years have passed and the dis- which is long overdue and badly need- harm’s way unless and until there is a tinguished Vice President has yet to ed. clearly defined and precise mission and put forward any such proposal. I am I believe that on balance Mrs. exit strategy and a clear American na- hopeful that Madeleine Albright will Albright is well qualified for the post tional security interest at stake. The prod our friend and former colleague, of Secretary of State. We have a lot of debacle in Somalia vividly dem- AL GORE, and get to work with us on work to do. We have a lot of things on onstrated that assertive multilat- this problem, because it is a jointly re- our agenda, and I look forward to eralism is no way to promote any con- alized problem. working with her in moving our agenda ceivable American national security We must work together, and I hope I forward. interest. have indicated already, and some of the I yield the floor. Mr. President, Ambassador Albright, rest of us, that we want to work to- Mrs. FEINSTEIN addressed the based on her testimony, and I think on gether. I pledge to do that. The support Chair. her career, appears to understand that for our plan has not diminished, it has The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. concern. We have discussed it, and I am grown, among the American people. HUTCHINSON). The Senator from Cali- sure other Senators have discussed it If Madeleine Albright is confirmed, I fornia is recognized to speak on the with her as well. She acknowledged to intend to schedule an early meeting nomination under the time controlled the committee that with respect to the with her and other key Senators for by the minority. use of U.S. troops overseas, she has, the purpose of working together and Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Thank you very and I quote her, ‘‘learned many les- reaching agreement on a bipartisan much, Mr. President. sons.’’ And I thank the Lord for that. plan to restructure our foreign policy I yield myself 5 minutes. She further said she is ‘‘deeply re- institutions to meet the new chal- Mr. President, I would like to thank gretful of the lives lost in Somalia.’’ lenges we will face in our next century. the distinguished chairman for his

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Georgetown University’s School of For- the faculty of Georgetown University Mr. President, as the only woman on eign Service, and holds a doctorate while the other party controlled the the Foreign Relations Committee, I from Columbia University. And, I White House and foreign policy making consider this to be a historic appoint- might add, she served as a staff mem- apparatus. ment indeed. I rise to say that I am ber for one of the true giants of the At the United Nations, Ambassador proud to indicate my very enthusiastic U.S. Senate, Edmund Muskie, who him- Albright, as a matter of practice and of support for Madeleine Albright to be self went on to serve as Secretary of principle, put American interests first, confirmed before this body as Sec- State. as she should have, but also introduced retary of State. Beyond her professional accomplish- overdue cost analysis as a requirement I want to commend President Clinton ments, her life—having fled Czecho- in the development of Security Council because he was certainly faced with an slovakia at the dawn of the Second resolutions pertaining to the commit- array of very qualified candidates. But World War—provides a lesson in the ment of United Nations contingents I think he chose one of the very, very values that we as Americans hold most abroad. She made the American weight best. Anyone who heard her thoughtful dear and for the role in the world that felt in the Security Council, not the responses to some 6 hours of ques- America, at its best, can play. least in her successful effort to bring a tioning during her confirmation hear- As the first woman to serve as Sec- new Secretary General to power in New ing would have been impressed by her retary of State, Madeleine Albright’s York. knowledge, her eloquence and her skill. nomination will open up new doors for There were, in the early years of the I fully expect Ambassador Albright to all women, not just in this country, but first administration of President Clin- be a truly superb Secretary of State. around the globe, in places unaccus- ton, some growing pains in sorting out I look forward to working with her as tomed to seeing women in high office. the role of the United States in the dis- various foreign policy issues come be- Whenever a woman crosses a threshold order that we confronted in the after- fore the Senate of the United States. It into an area that has been predomi- math of the cold war, particularly as it is difficult to imagine a background nantly held by men, and performs ef- related to the proper approach for both and a body of experience better suited fectively, the doors open for women ev- the United Nations and the United to the person we call on to be our Na- erywhere. States in peacekeeping and so-called tion’s chief diplomat and the Presi- I take particular pride in casting my peace enforcing operations. We all dent’s chief foreign policy advisor. vote for Ambassador Madeleine learned some lessons from the experi- Madeleine Albright knows firsthand Albright. It is a tremendous step for- ence of our involvement in Somalia, the ‘‘streets’’ of foreign policy, how ac- ward in our country for a woman to be and the administration learned some tions by governments affect the lives of named the Nation’s top diplomat. As lessons, as well. Ambassador Albright individuals. Her enormous intellect, consequential as that is, in Madeleine moved forcefully to resolve those les- her personal experience, her plain Albright’s case it is really a secondary sons and established a laudable and speaking, I think, will be huge assets. consideration, because she is so emi- workable mechanism for frequent con- As the United States approaches the nently qualified for the job. sultation between her staff in New 21st century, I believe it is crucial that Although I am sure it is unnecessary York, the State Department here in our foreign policy be conducted in a bi- to do so, I take pride in urging all of Washington, and the interested Sen- partisan manner. The practice of rein- my colleagues to support this out- ators and committees here in the Con- venting the wheel of foreign policy standing nomination. gress. I think that she believes, as I do, every 4 years or at least with every I thank the Chair. I yield the floor that early and substantive consulta- change of administration has been dif- and, Mr. President, I suggest the ab- tions between the administration and ficult on our allies and weakens Amer- sence of a quorum. the Congress are essential for the suc- ican credibility as the strongest nation The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cessful conduct of American foreign af- on Earth. clerk will call the roll. fairs, and I fully expect the early devel- Madeleine Albright holds a unique The legislative clerk proceeded to opment of an effective working rela- opportunity to cement a bipartisan for- call the roll. tionship in that regard after she is con- eign policy. If she can accomplish this, Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unan- firmed by the Senate. her legacy to this Nation and the world imous consent that the order for the I congratulate Ms. Albright for her will be significant. One of the most quorum call be rescinded. selection as the first female nominee complex issues that she will face, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to be an American Secretary of State, the largest single area that I believe objection, it is so ordered. and I look forward to working with her needs focused attention, is the entire Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I strongly during her tenure at the helm of the Pacific rim. With 60 percent of the peo- support the nomination of Madeleine Department of State and its far-flung ple of the world now living on the Albright for Secretary of State. Ms. operations around the globe. shores of the Pacific and American Albright brings a lifetime of creden- I shall cast my vote for Madeleine trade with the Pacific rim nations tials to the job. She has superb experi- Albright this afternoon, and I shall do three times that of the Atlantic, the ence as a practitioner of the craft of di- it with enthusiasm and with faith in administration’s No. 1 priority in for- plomacy, and a wide knowledge of out- her ability to perform the job and to eign policy should be to maintain a side opinion on the range of options perform it well. strong and positive presence in Asia. and potential solutions that confront I yield the floor. As part of this effort, the United us in given international situations. Mr. BIDEN addressed the Chair. States must build our most important, More than that, and most appropriate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- but still largely undeveloped, bilateral for the rather free-wheeling, often con- ator from Delaware is recognized. relationship—that with the People’s fusing international environment that Mr. BIDEN. How much time remains? Republic of China—into one of partner- we currently face, she is an initiator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ship and cooperation in our many areas and an exponent of an energetic and ator from Delaware has 45 minutes, 10 of mutual interest. forward-looking American leadership seconds remaining. Ambassador Albright’s qualifications in world affairs. Mr. BIDEN. I thank the Chair. to be Secretary of State are unim- Ms. Albright acquitted herself admi- Mr. President, I will yield myself 15 peachable. For the past 4 years she has rably as our most recent Ambassador minutes. served with distinction as the U.S. Per- to the United Nations. She is, I believe, Mr. President, let me begin, while manent Representative to the United sensitive to the role of Congress in for- both my senior colleagues are on the Nations, a member of the President’s mulating foreign policies, certainly floor here, by complimenting Senator

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We all know that when stereotypical notion is, in large part this century, and she vividly under- he stands to take the floor and give his because of the cooperation of the Sen- stands the importance of standing firm endorsement to a candidate who re- ator from North Carolina, about to end against aggressors who seek to subvert quires confirmation, probably more today. That does not mean that makes freedom. than any other Senator on this floor, anyone a good Secretary of State or The young Madeleine Korbel earned a the Chamber listens. makes her the most qualified person. bachelor’s degree from Wellesley Col- Madeleine Albright is a fine can- But that is where the conscience part lege in political science in 1959, worked didate, but she is also a lucky can- comes in. It just so happens that the briefly as a journalist, then married didate today to have such strong sup- woman we are about to confirm—God and raised three bright, accomplished, port from the Senator from West Vir- willing and the creeks not rising—is and lovely daughters, two of whom I ginia, and, as well, she is fortunate to also eminently qualified to be Sec- have had the occasion to get to speak have the Senator from North Carolina retary of State. with and get to know a little bit bet- I have been here too long to use as chairman of the Foreign Relations ter. phrases like ‘‘this is the most qualified Committee. I publicly thank him for At the same time she was raising her how gracious he has been and for how person.’’ There are 50 people maybe in America who are qualified to do this family, she attended graduate school at he has expedited this nomination. We Columbia University. In 1968, she all know he is a man of very strong job, and there are probably 10 as quali- fied, but none more qualified than Mad- earned her master’s degree and the cer- convictions, and we all know that when eleine Albright. tificate of the Russian Institute at Co- Senator HELMS concludes that there is One of the things I think that has en- lumbia. She went on to receive her something moving in the Senate too deared her and recommended her to Ph.D. from Columbia in 1976. swiftly, or it is something he does not Senator HELMS and to me, both of us With her doctorate in hand, she came support, he is, along with the Senator having served on the Foreign Relations to Washington to work for one of the from West Virginia, maybe the most Committee for so long, is that we have finest men ever to serve in this Sen- effective person on the Republican side encountered Madeleine Albright in our ate—the late Senator from Maine, Ed- of the aisle in slowing things down. official capacities and our personal po- mund Muskie, who himself went on to There was a lot of discussion in the litical lives on a number of other occa- become Secretary of State. As his chief press and a lot of discussion in the sions, and we have found her, as pro- legislative assistant, she gained an ap- Cloakrooms about whether or not Sen- fessor, as foreign policy adviser, and as preciation for the role of the Senate in ator HELMS was going to cooperate. I a politically active academic, to be ex- helping the President and the Sec- am here to tell you that he has not tremely incisive, blunt, to the point, retary of State craft American foreign only cooperated, he has expedited it, and honest with us in her assessments. policy, experience on which she will and he has been, as always, the con- You have no idea—maybe you do, Mr. draw as we work with her in the years summate gentleman in the way in President, but the longer you are here ahead. which he has dealt with his colleagues, it will become even more apparent. I Ambassador Albright left Senator the new ranking member in particular, find that the hardest speak to under- Muskie’s staff in 1978 to work for her but the committee in general and the stand is foreign policy speak. And I former professor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Senate as a whole. I personally thank sometimes used to kid, after years of on the staff of President Carter’s Na- him for doing what I never doubted he being the chairman or the ranking tional Security Council. She then would do once he concluded he was member of the Judiciary Committee, I worked at two of the most prestigious going to get this on the floor early. I would say to the witness, ‘‘You sound think-tanks in Washington—the Center want the record to note that we are like you are from the State Depart- for Strategic and International Studies moving on one of the two most impor- ment.’’ That means that you get a non- and the Woodrow Wilson International tant Cabinet posts, and we are doing it answer; never a wrong answer, but a Center for Scholars—before becoming a before anything else has happened in nonanswer. Madeleine Albright is very professor at Georgetown University in this body. I thank the chairman. straightforward. And it is a welcome 1982. Mr. President, to state the obvious, I thing. We had that in other Secretaries Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- strongly support Madeleine Albright’s of State, Democrat and Republican. sent to have printed in the RECORD the nomination to become the 65th Sec- But it is always nice to know. official biography of Madeleine retary of State of the United States of In her 4 years as our Representative Albright. America. Obviously, along with others to the United Nations, Ambassador There being no objection, the mate- who have spoken, I commend the Presi- Albright has ably demonstrated her rial was ordered to be printed in the dent for nominating her. qualifications to carry American for- RECORD, as follows: There was a friend of ours who eign policy into the 21st century. Her doesn’t always like having a quote at- personal history, her academic re- MADELEINE KORBEL ALBRIGHT tributed to him, but I must attribute search and writing, her diplomatic ex- Madeleine Korbel Albright was appointed every quote. I never want to make that perience, and her political acumen by President Clinton on January 27, 1993, as mistake again. I will not use his name, make her uniquely qualified to lead the United States Permanent Representative but I will acknowledge that this is not this country in working with our to the United Nations. President Clinton ele- emanating from me. We had a col- vated this position and made the Ambas- friends and allies—and our adversaries, sador a member of his Cabinet and a member league who served with the Senator and there are some—to further our na- of the National Security Council. from North Carolina and me for some tional interests and the ideals of free- Prior to her appointment, Ambassador years—and I will tell him the name dom and democracy that we espouse as Albright was the President of the Center for after I finish—who used to say, ‘‘It is a nation. National Policy. The Center is a non-profit great in politics when conscience and As we all know by now, Ambassador research organization, formed in 1981 by rep- convenience cross paths.’’ Albright was not born an American. resentatives from government, industry, I would suggest that Madeleine She and her family chose to come to labor and education. Its mandate is to pro- Albright’s nomination to be Secretary these shores out of a deep appreciation mote the study and discussion of domestic of State meets that test like none of what America stands for. She was and international issues. other since I have been here. This is As a Research Professor of International born in Czechoslovakia, which between Affairs and Director of the Women in For- truly a historic occasion. I know we do the two world wars was the only coun- eign Service Program at Georgetown Univer- not and should not think in terms of try in Central Europe to share our sity’s School of Foreign Service, she taught quotas and affirmative action. But the commitment to freedom and democ- undergraduate and graduate courses in inter- fact of the matter is this is one of two racy. national affairs, U.S. foreign policy, Russian

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S594 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 foreign policy, and Central and Eastern Eu- ing off the Soviet yoke, then-Professor by American leadership. And our leadership ropean politics, and was responsible for de- Albright conducted research into the must be sustained if our interests are to be veloping and implementing programs de- attitudes of the people of these coun- protected around the world. Do not doubt, those interests are not geo- signed to enhance women’s professional op- tries, and she wrote about the need to portunities in international affairs. political abstractions, they are real. In 1981–82 Ambassador Albright was award- assist them in their transition from It matters to our children whether they ed a fellowship at the Woodrow Wilson Inter- communism to freedom. grow up in a world where the dangers posed national Center for Scholars at the Smithso- That is where Senator HELMS and I by weapons of mass destruction have been nian following an international competition and others on the Foreign Relations minimized or allowed to run out of control. in which she wrote about the role of the Committee got to see her again be- It matters to the millions of Americans press in political changes in Poland in 1980– cause she came and testified about that who work, farm or invest whether the global 82. research and the polling data that she economy continues to create good new jobs She also served as a Senior Fellow in So- and open new markets, or whether—through viet and Eastern European Affairs at the conducted. miscalculation or protectionism—it begins Center for Strategic and International Stud- Her academic and personal under- to spiral downward. ies, conducting research in developments and standing of these issues will allow her It matters to our families whether illegal trends in the Soviet Union and Eastern Eu- to formulate policies to encourage the drugs continue to pour into our neighbor- rope. continued spread of political and eco- hoods from overseas. From 1978–1981 Ambassador Albright was a nomic freedom throughout the world as It matters to Americans who travel abroad Staff Member on the National security Coun- she attempts to implement this admin- or go about their daily business at home whether the scourge of international ter- cil, as well as a White House staff member, istration’s foreign policy. where she was responsible for foreign policy rorism is reduced. legislation. At the United Nations, Ambassador It matters to our workers and From 1976–1978, she served as Chief Legisla- Albright successfully advanced and de- businesspeople whether they will be unfairly tive Assistant to Senator Edmund S. Muskie. fended American interests and enlisted forced to compete against companies that Other professional experience includes the support of others for our policies. violate fair labor standards, despoil the envi- Board Member of the National Endowment Her straight talk and tireless commit- ronment or gain contracts not through com- for Democracy, Board Member of the Inter- ment won her the admiration of Demo- petition but corruption. And it matters to us all whether through national Media Fund, Senior Foreign Policy crats and Republicans alike. She recog- Advisor to Presidential Candidate Michael S. inattention or indifference, we allow small Dukakis, Foreign Policy Advisor to the Mon- nizes that while it is sometimes in wars to grow into large ones that put our dale-Ferraro campaign, Vice-Chair of the Na- America’s interest to act alone, always safety and freedom at risk. tional Democratic Institute for Inter- acting alone is ineffective and an un- To defeat the dangers and seize the oppor- national Affairs, Member of the Board of Di- necessary use of our resources. tunities, we must be more than audience, rectors of the Atlantic Council of the United Two weeks ago, Ambassador Albright more even than actors, we must be the au- States, Member of the Board of Trustees of came before the Senate Foreign Rela- thors of the history of our age. Wellesley College, Member of the Board of A half century ago, after the devastation tions Committee and outlined a com- caused by Depression, holocaust and war, it Trustees of the Black Student Fund, Member prehensive framework for American of the U.S. National Commission for the was not enough to say that what we were United Nations Educational, Scientific and foreign policy into the next century, against had failed. Leaders such as Truman, Cultural Organization, Member of the Board one in which none of us, I think, is Marshall and Vandenberg were determined of Trustees of the Washington Urban League, likely to accept wholesale. But that is to build a lasting peace. And together with Member of the Board of Directors of the Cen- the way the process is supposed to our allies, they forged a set of institutions ter for National Policy, Member of the Chap- work. that would defend freedom, rebuild econo- ter of the Washington National Cathedral, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- mies, uphold law and preserve peace. Member of the Board of Trustees of Williams Today, it is not enough for us to say that sent that her insightful statement to Communism has failed. We must continue College, Member of the Board of Trustees of our committee be printed in the the Democratic Forum, Member of the Exec- building a new framework—adapted to the utive Committee of D.C. Citizens for Better RECORD. demands of a new century—that will protect Public Education, Chairman of the Board of There being no objection, the mate- our citizens and our friends; reinforce our Trustees of Beauvoir School, Public Rela- rial was ordered to be printed in the values; and secure our future. tions Staff of the Encyclopedia Britannica, RECORD, as follows: In so doing, we must direct our energies, not as our predecessors did, against a single and Reporter on the Rolla Daily News, Rolla, STATEMENT BY SECRETARY OF STATE-DES- virulent ideology. We face a variety of Missouri. IGNATE MADELEINE K. ALBRIGHT BEFORE threats, some as old as ethnic conflict; some Awarded a B.A. from Wellesley College THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COM- as new as letter bombs; some as long-term as with honors in Political Science, she studied MITTEE—JANUARY 8, 1997 at the School of Advanced International global warming; some as dangerous as nu- Mr. Chairman and members of the Com- Studies at Johns Hopkins University, re- clear weapons falling into the wrong hands. mittee, it is a great honor and pleasure to be ceived a Certificate from the Russian Insti- To cope with such a variety of threats, we here with you this morning. I want to begin tute at Columbia University, and her Mas- will need a full range of foreign policy tools. by thanking the President for his trust in ters and Doctorate from Columbia Univer- That is why our armed forces must remain nominating me to this high and very chal- sity’s Department of Public Law and Govern- the best-led, best-trained, best-equipped and lenging position. ment. most respected in the world. And as Presi- I am very grateful to Secretary Chris- Ambassador Albright is fluent in French dent Clinton has pledged, and our military topher both for his kind words of introduc- and Czech, with good speaking and reading leaders ensure, they will. tion and for the opportunity he has given me abilities in Russian and Polish. It is also why we need first-class diplo- these past four years to observe how a steady Selected writings include ‘‘Poland, the macy. Force, and the credible possibility of and determined diplomat conducts business. Role of the Press in Political Change’’ (New its use, are essential to defend our vital in- And I appreciate very much the Commit- York: Praeger with the Center for Strategic terests and to keep America safe. But force tee’s courtesy in scheduling this hearing so and International Studies, Georgetown Uni- alone can be a blunt instrument, and there promptly. versity, Washington, D.C. 1983); ‘‘The Role of are many problems it cannot solve. Mr. Chairman, we have reached a point the Press in Political Change: Czecho- To be effective, force and diplomacy must more than halfway between the disintegra- slovakia 1968’’ (Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia complement and reinforce each other. For tion of the Soviet Union and the start of a University 1976); and ‘‘The Soviet Diplomatic there will be many occasions, in many new century. Our nation is respected and at Service: Profile of an Elite’’ (Master’s The- places, where we will rely on diplomacy to peace. Our alliances are vigorous. Our econ- sis, Columbia University 1968). protect our interests, and we will expect our Ambassador Albright has three daughters. omy is strong. And from the distant corners diplomats to defend those interests with For future correspondence, the Ambas- of Asia, to the emerging democracies of Cen- skill, knowledge and spine. sador may be reached at either her Wash- tral Europe and Africa, to the community of If confirmed, one of my most important ington, D.C. or New York, offices: Suite 6333, democracies that exists within our own tasks will be to work with Congress to en- Department of State, 2201 C Street N.W., hemisphere—and to the one impermanent ex- sure that we have the superb diplomatic rep- Washington, D.C. 20520–6319, or U.S. Mission ception to that community, Castro’s Cuba— resentation that our people deserve and our to the United Nations, 799 United Nations American institutions and ideals are a model interests demand. We cannot have that on Plaza, New York, New York 10017. for those who have, or who aspire to, free- the cheap. We must invest the resources dom. needed to maintain American leadership. Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, in the All this is no accident, and its continu- Consider the stakes. We are talking here 1980’s as the Communist countries of ation is by no means inevitable. Democratic about one percent of our federal budget, but Central and Eastern Europe were cast- progress must be sustained as it was built— that one percent may well determine fifty

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S595 percent of the history that is written about have an interest in European security, be- the New Independent States to transfer our era. cause we wish to avoid the instability that power from one democratically-elected gov- Unfortunately, as Senator Lugar recently drew five million Americans across the At- ernment to another. And, under President pointed out, currently, ‘‘our international lantic to fight in two world wars. We have an Kuchma, it has launched ambitious eco- operations are underfunded and under- interest in European democracy, because it nomic reforms that have subdued inflation staffed.’’ He noted, as well, that not only our was the triumph of freedom there that ended and prevented economic collapse. interests, but our efforts to balance the the Cold War. We have an interest in Euro- In our relations both with Russia and budget would be damaged if American dis- pean prosperity, because our own prosperity Ukraine, the binational commissions estab- engagement were to result in ‘‘nuclear ter- depends on having partners that are open to lished with Vice-President Gore as the lead rorism, a trade war, an energy crisis, a major our exports, investment and ideas. U.S. representative will serve as a valuable regional conflict...or some other prevent- Today, thanks to the efforts of President aid for setting the agenda, and facilitating able disaster. Clinton and Secretary Christopher, Amer- cooperation across a broad range of endeav- Mr. Chairman, we are the world’s richest, ican leadership in Europe is on solid ground. ors. strongest, most respected nation. We are European institutions are evolving in di- Finally, the future of European stability also the largest debtor to the United Nations rections that are making the continent more and democracy depends, as well, on contin- and the international financial institutions. free, unified and peaceful than at any time in ued implementation of the Dayton Accords. We provide a smaller percentage of our history. Although IFOR completed its military wealth to support democracy and growth in Our key bilateral relationships, albeit spir- tasks brilliantly in Bosnia, more time is the developing world than any other indus- ited at times, are as strong and resilient as needed for economic reconstruction and po- trialized nation. they have ever been. litical healing. SFOR’s goal is to provide the And over the past four years, the Depart- The terrible carnage in Bosnia has ended. time for peace to become self-sustaining. ment of State has cut more than 2000 em- The Partnership for Peace has broadened Although the full promise of Dayton is not ployees, downgraded positions, closed more cooperation on security matters. yet fulfilled, much has changed during the than 30 embassies or consulates, and deferred And there is continued progress on polit- past 13 months. The fighting has stopped, badly-needed modernization of infrastruc- ical and market reforms within Central Eu- peaceful elections have been held, and the ture and communications. We have also suf- rope and the New Independent States. framework for national democratic institu- fered a 30% reduction in our foreign assist- If confirmed, I will be returning to this tions has taken shape. ance programs since 1991. Committee often to ask your support for our Much of this is due to American leader- It is said that we have moved from an era vision of an integrated, stable and demo- ship. Our plan now, in cooperation with our where the big devour the small to an era cratic Europe. many partners, is to consolidate and build on where the fast devour the slow. If that is the In July, at the NATO summit in Madrid, those gains. Our strategy is to continue di- case, your State Department, with its obso- the alliance will discuss European security, minishing the need for an international mili- lete technology, $300 million in deferred including NATO adaptation to new missions tary presence by establishing a stable mili- maintenance and a shrinking base of skilled and structures, a framework for enhanced tary balance, improving judicial and legal personnel, is in trouble. consultation and cooperation with Russia, institutions, helping more people return If confirmed, I will strive to fulfill my obli- and enlargement. safely to their homes and seeing that more gation to manage our foreign policy effec- The purpose of enlargement is to do for Eu- of those indicted as war criminals are ar- tively and efficiently. I will work with this rope’s east what NATO did 50 years ago for rested and prosecuted. Committee and the Congress to ensure that Europe’s west: to integrate new democracies, Given the ongoing challenges, it is encour- the American public gets full value for each defeat old hatreds, provide confidence in eco- aging to note the history-making dimension tax dollar spent. But I will also want to en- nomic recovery and deter conflict. of the process set in motion by the Dayton sure that our foreign policy successfully pro- Those who say NATO enlargement should Accords. motes and protects the interests of the wait until a military threat appears miss the Today, in Bosnia, virtually every nation in American people. main point. NATO is a not a wild west posse Europe is working together to bring stability In addition, I will want to work with you that we mobilize only when grave danger is to a region where conflict earlier this cen- to spur continued reform and to pay our bills near. It is a permanent alliance, a linchpin of tury tore the continent apart. at the United Nations, an organization that stability, designed to prevent serious threats This reflects a sharp departure from the Americans helped create, that reflects ideals from ever arising. spheres of influence or balance of power di- that we share and that serves goals of sta- To those who worry about enlargement di- plomacy of the past, and an explicit rejec- bility, law and international cooperation viding Europe, I say that NATO cannot and tion of politics based on ethnic identifica- that are in our interests. should not preserve the old Iron Curtain as tion. And it validates the premise of the The debate over adequate funding for for- its eastern frontier. That was an artificial Partnership for Peace by demonstrating the eign policy is not new in America. It has division, imposed upon proud nations, some growth of a common understanding within been joined repeatedly from the time the of which are now ready to contribute to the Europe of how a common sense of security Continental Congress sent Ben Franklin to continent’s security. What NATO must and may be achieved. Paris, to the proposals for Lend Lease and will do is keep open the door to membership The experience of IFOR and now SFOR in the Marshall Plan that bracketed World War to every European nation that can shoulder Bosnia heightens the potential for security II, to the start of the SEED and Nunn-Lugar alliance responsibilities and contribute to its cooperation among the full range of NATO programs a few years ago. In each case, his- goals, while building a strong and enduring and non-NATO European states. In Bosnia, tory has looked more kindly on those who partnership with all of Europe’s democracies. soldiers from NATO, Russia, Poland, argued for our engagement than on those Building a more cooperative and inte- Ukraine, Romania and many other nations who said we just could not afford to lead. grated Europe will be one of many issues trust, defend and depend on each other. Our Mr. Chairman, any framework for Amer- that President Clinton will be discussing challenge is to extend that spirit to other ican leadership must include measures to with President Yeltsin during his visit here joint endeavors and to keep it thriving long control the threats posed by weapons of mass to the United States in March. A democratic after SFOR concludes its work. destruction and terror; to seize the opportu- Russia can and must be a strong partner in European stability depends in large meas- nities that exist for setting dangerous re- achieving this shared goal. ure on continued American engagement and We know that Russia remains in the midst gional conflicts; to maintain America as the leadership. And as history attests, European of a wrenching transition, but gains made hub of an expanding global economy; and to stability is also vital to our national inter- during the past five years are increasingly defend cherished principles of democracy and ests. As a result, we will remain engaged, we irreversible. Despite the threats posed by law. will continue to lead, we will strengthen our corruption and crime, open markets and At the center of that framework, however, alliances and we will continue to build with democratic institutions have taken hold. are our key alliances and relationships. our democratic partners a Europe in which And last summer marked the first fully These are the bonds that hold together not every nation is free and every free nation is democratic election of national leaders in only our foreign policy, but the entire inter- our partner. Russia’s long history. national system. When we are able to act co- President Yeltsin’s challenge in his second PROMOTING MUTUAL SECURITY AND PROSPERITY operatively with the other leading nations, term will be to restore the momentum be- IN ASIA we create a dynamic web of principle, power hind internal reforms and accelerate Rus- Mr. Chairman, America must remain a Eu- and purpose that elevates standards and pro- sia’s integration with the west. We have a ropean power. We must, and will, remain a pels progress around the globe. This is our profound interest in encouraging that great Pacific power, as well. opportunity, for in the post Cold War era, big country to remain on a democratic course, Asia is a continent undergoing breath- power diplomacy is not a zero-sum game. to respect fully the sovereignty of its neigh- taking economic expansion and measured, THE TRANS-ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP bors and to join with us in addressing a full but steady, movement in the direction of de- A foremost example is the trans-Atlantic range of regional and global issues. mocracy. Its commercial vigor reinforces our partnership. Our deepening friendship with a demo- own and contributes to the vital interest we It is a central lesson of this century that cratic Ukraine is also fundamental to Eu- have in its security. This is, after all, an America must remain a European power. We rope’s integration. Ukraine was the first of area in which America has fought three wars

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 during the past six decades, and in which Ukraine, the last missile silos are being Recognizing this, we have a strong incen- 100,000 American Troops are based. planted over with sunflowers. Iraq’s nuclear tive to strengthen other mechanisms for re- President Clinton has elevated this dy- capability has been dismantled, and North sponding to emergencies and conflicts, in- namic region on our agenda, and I plan to de- Korea’s frozen. The Nuclear Nonproliferation cluding the United Nations and regional or- vote much of my attention to its promise Treaty has been extended, indefinitely and ganizations. We should work closely with the and perils. without conditions. A comprehensive ban on entire network of public and nongovern- Our priorities here are to maintain the nuclear tests has been approved and a chem- mental organizations that has evolved to strength of our core alliances while success- ical weapons ban will soon be in effect. predict, prevent, contain and minimize the fully managing our multi-faceted relation- Mr. Chairman, these efforts to reduce the human and other costs of natural and ship with China. spread and number of weapons of mass de- human-caused disaster. And we should insist Because of our commitment to regional se- struction contribute to what Defense Sec- that other capable nations do their fair share curity, we have maintained our forward-de- retary Perry has called ‘‘preventive de- financially, technically and—if necessary— ployed military presence in the Western Pa- fense’’. They are designed to keep Americans militarily. cific. We are encouraging regional efforts to safe. We pursue them not as favors to others, The primary obligation of the United settle territorial and other disputes without but in support of our own national interests. States is to its own citizens. We are not a violence. We are working hard to open mar- But arms control and nonproliferation are charity or a fire department. We will defend kets for American goods and services, both works in progress, and we will need your firmly our own vital interests. bilaterally and through APEC, which the help and that of this Committee and the Sen- But we recognize that our interests and President lifted to the summit level. We are ate to continue that progress. those of our allies may also be affected by re- broadening our diplomatic and security ties First, we will be asking your consent to gional or civil wars, power vacuums that cre- in Southeast Asia, home to the world’s fast- the ratification of the Chemical Weapons ate targets of opportunity for criminals and est growing economies. And we will continue Convention, or CWC, before it enters into terrorists, dire humanitarian emergencies to promote respect for internationally-recog- force in late April. and threats to democracy. Then, as Presi- As this Committee well knows, the CWC nized human rights and the spread of free- dent Clinton said recently, ‘‘The United was begun under President Reagan and nego- dom. States cannot and should not try to solve tiated under President Bush. It is supported Our closest and most wide-ranging bilat- every problem, but where our interests are by many in both parties, by the business eral relationship in the region is with Japan, clear, our values are at stake, (and) where we community and by our military. The CWC is with whom we have strongly reaffirmed our can make a difference, we must act and we no panacea, but it will make it more dif- alliance. must lead.’’ During the past four years, under Presi- We consult Japan regularly on a broad ficult for rogue states and others hostile to dent Clinton and Secretary Christopher, the range of foreign policy questions from secu- our interests to develop or obtain chemical United States has been steadfast in sup- rity in Asia to development in Africa. We ap- weapons. I hope, Mr. Chairman, that we will porting the peacemakers over the preciate its generous financial support for be able to work together to get this Treaty bombthrowers in historically troubled areas peace efforts from Bosnia to the Middle East. approved in time for the United States to be of the globe. Our goal has been to build an And we are working with Japan and another an original party. We will also be seeking your early approval environment in which threats to our secu- valued ally, the Republic of Korea, to imple- of the CFE Flank agreement, which is essen- rity and that of our allies are diminished, ment the Framework agreement freezing tial to sustain the CFR Treaty, which in and the likelihood of American forces being North Korean development of nuclear arms. turn contributes mightily to European secu- sent into combat is reduced. In recent weeks, we and Seoul have worked rity. We recognize that, in most of these situa- together successfully to reduce tensions, re- Overseas, we will be working with Russia tions, neither the United States nor any inforce the nuclear freeze and improve pros- to secure prompt ratification by the Duma of other outside force can impose a solution. pects for dialogue on the Peninsula. the START II Treaty, and then to pursue But we can make it easier for those inclined I look forward, if confirmed, to visiting further reductions and limits on strategic towards peace to take the risks required to both Japan and the Republic of Korea at an nuclear arms. achieve it. early date. We will also continue efforts to fulfill the As this statement is being prepared, sus- I am also looking forward to the visit here President’s call for negotiations leading to a tained U.S. diplomacy in the Middle East has soon of the Chinese Foreign Minister. worldwide ban on the use, stockpiling, pro- helped to build a renewed dialogue between A strong bilateral relationship between the duction and transfer of anti-personnel land- Israel and its Palestinian partners, pro- United States and China is needed to expand mines. The humanitarian problems created ducing significant progress on Israeli rede- areas of cooperation, reduce the potential for by the misuse of anti-personnel landmines ployment in Hebron. misunderstanding and encourage China’s full can only be dealt with on a global basis. In While an agreement is not yet in hand, the emergence as a responsible member of the September, the President told the UN Gen- intensive negotiations which have been con- international community. eral Assembly that ‘‘our children deserve to ducted over the past three months—includ- To make progress, our two countries must walk the Earth in safety.’’ This will be a ing direct discussions between Prime Min- act towards each other on the basis of mu- major arms control objective of the next four ister Netanyahu and Chairman Arafat—have tual frankness. We have important dif- years. restored a sense of momentum and greater ferences, especially on trade, arms transfers Arms control and nonproliferation are confidence between the sides. This process and human rights, including Tibet. We have closely linked to our policies toward rogue began during the Washington summit called concerns about Chinese policy towards the states. We have a major interest in pre- by President Clinton last October and has reversion of Hong Kong. While adhering to venting weapons of mass destruction from been sustained and advanced through our ac- our one China policy, we will maintain ro- being obtained by regimes with a proven dis- tive diplomatic engagement. Prime Minister Netanyahu and Chairman bust unofficial ties with Taiwan. But we also respect for the rule of law. Accordingly, we Arafat have reaffirmed to President Clinton have many interests in common, and have will continue working to improve the secu- their determination to continue their joint worked together on issues including the Ko- rity and prevent the diversion of fissile ma- efforts for peace. The United States will rean peninsula, crime, the global environ- terials. We will continue to oppose strongly stand by them as they do. ment and nuclear testing. the sale or transfer of advanced weapons or U.S. policy towards China has long been an Today, there remain two competing visions technologies to Iran. And we will insist on in the Middle East. One is focused on the issue of controversy in Congress and among maintaining tough UN sanctions against the American people. There are disagree- grievances and tragedies of the past; the Iraq unless and until that regime complies other on the possibilities of the future. An ments about the proper balancing of the var- with relevant Security Council resolutions. ious elements of that policy. There should be agreement on Hebron would serve as a cata- VIGOROUS DIPLOMACY IN SUPPORT OF PEACE no doubt, however, about the importance of lyst, strengthening the supporters of peace. Mr. Chairman, the appropriate American this relationship, and about the need to pur- Under the President’s leadership, we intend role in helping to end conflicts and respond sue a strategy aimed at Chinese integration, to press vigorously on all tracks to realize a to crises overseas has been debated widely, not isolation. secure, comprehensive and lasting peace be- not only in our time, but throughout Amer- tween Israel and her Arab neighbors. PREVENTIVE DEFENSE THROUGH THE CONTROL ican history. Throughout, we will be guided by Amer- OF DEADLY ARMS Because we have unique capabilities and ica’s unshakeable commitment to Israel’s se- The Cold War may be over, but the threat unmatched power, it is natural that others curity, and by our opposition to those who to our security posed by nuclear and other turn to us in time of emergency. We have an would disrupt this process through terrorism weapons of mass destruction has only been unlimited number of opportunities to act and violence. reduced, not ended. Arms control and non- around the world. But we do not have unlim- Secretary Christopher leaves office after proliferation remain a vital element in our ited resources, nor do we have unlimited re- four years of historic progress in facilitating foreign policy framework. sponsibilities. If we are to protect our own peace in the Middle East. While his presence With our leadership, much has been accom- interests and maintain our credibility, we will be missed, I will maintain fully the plished. Russian warheads no longer target have to weigh our commitments carefully, State Department’s commitment to an ac- our homes. Nuclear weapons have been re- and be selective and disciplined in what we tive U.S. role in this long-troubled and stra- moved from Belarus and Kazakhstan and in agree to do. tegic part of the globe.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S597 Across the Mediterranean in Cyprus, an- to act where possible to prevent and oppose newly-designated special envoy for the other longstanding disagreement remains genocide. Americas, Mack Mclarty. unresolved. In 1996, the parties moved no One practical step we can take is to in- Although much poverty remains, substan- closer to a final decision on the status of the crease the capacity of African countries to tial gains have been made in many parts of island. Moreover, disturbing incidents of vio- engage successfully in peacekeeping efforts the hemisphere through economic reforms, lence marred the climate for negotiations, within their region. That is the purpose of increased commerce, lower inflation and while underlining their urgency. The dispute the African Crisis Response Force proposed higher foreign investment. We believe that here and related differences between our two by the Administration last fall. This pro- further progress can be achieved that will NATO allies, Turkey and Greece, affect Eu- posal has generated considerable interest benefit us, as well as our hemispheric part- ropean stability and our vital interests. Ac- both within and outside the region. With ners, through agreement on a Free Trade cordingly, we are prepared in this new year Congressional support, it will be a priority in Area for the Americas by the year 2005. We to play a heightened role in promoting a res- the coming year. also place a high priority on the early addi- olution in Cyprus, but for any initiative to LEADERSHIP FOR A GLOBAL ECONOMY tion of Chile to the North American Free bear fruit, the parties must agree to steps The Clinton Administration has had ex- Trade Agreement on equitable terms, and on that will reduce tensions and make direct traordinary success these past four years in the extension to Central America and the negotiations possible. creating jobs for Americans at home by Caribbean of Arrangements equivalent to In Northern Ireland, we are encouraged opening markets abroad. The more than 200 NAFTA. that multi-party talks began but we are dis- Even closer to home, we are encouraging trade agreements negotiated have helped our appointed by the lack of progress made, and continued economic and political reform in exports grow by 34% since 1993 and created strongly condemn the IRA’s return to vio- Mexico, with whom we share a 2000 mile bor- 1.6 million new jobs. By passing NAFTA, lence. We will continue to work with the der and a host of common concerns, includ- concluding the GATT Uruguay Round and Irish and British governments and the par- ing crime, narcotics, immigration and the forging the Miami summit commitment to ties to help promote substantive progress in environment. achieve free and open trade in our hemi- the talks. And we note that former Senator In Africa, the overall economic outlook is sphere by 2005 and the APEC commitment to George Mitchell, who is chairing the multi- improving, but daunting problems of debt, do the same in the Asia-Pacific by 2020, the party talks, has been crucial to the forward strife, environmental stress and inadequate President has positioned the United States steps that have been taken. investment remain. to become an even more dynamic hub of the As we enter the 50th anniversary year of It is in our interest to help the region’s global economy in the 21st century. independence for both India and Pakistan, leaders overcome these problems and to As Secretary of State, I would do all I can we will again consider the prospects for re- build an Africa that is more prosperous, to see that this momentum continues. Al- ducing the tensions that have long existed democratic and stable. ready, I have talked with Treasury Secretary between these two friends of the United We know, however, that the primary impe- Rubin, Commerce Secretary-designate Bill States. tus for development here, as elsewhere, must Daley and Trade Representative-designate We have a wealth of equities in this region, come from the private sector. Charlene Barshefsky. We intend, if con- and a particular concern about the regional It is encouraging, therefore, that many Af- firmed, to function as a team—America’s arms race and nuclear nonproliferation. rican governments are facilitating growth team. And we intend to be a very tough India and Pakistan should both know that through policies that allow private enter- team. we will do what we can to strengthen their prise to take hold, while investing public re- Competition for the world’s markets is relations with us and encourage better rela- sources wisely in education, health and fierce. Often, our firms go head-to-head with tions between them, and that we expect both measures that expand opportunities for foreign competitors who are receiving active to avoid actions calculated to provoke the women. support from their own governments. A prin- other. If confirmed, I will place great emphasis on cipal responsibility of the Department of Another dispute tangled by history and ge- working with Africa’s democratic leaders to State is to see that the interests of Amer- ography concerns Armenia, Azerbaijan and broaden and deepen these trends. More spe- ican companies and workers receive fair the status of Nagorno-Karabakh. The good cifically, we will work towards the integra- treatment, and that inequitable barriers to news here is that the ceasefire has now held tion of Africa into the world’s economy, par- competition are overcome. Accordingly, the for more than two years. The bad news is ticipate in efforts to ease debt burdens, and doors to the Department of State and our that progress under the OSCE’s Minsk proc- help deserving countries, where we can, embassies around the world are open—and ess has been agonizingly slow. We have very through targeted programs of bilateral aid. substantial economic, political and humani- will remain open—to U.S. businesspeople PROMOTING FREEDOM AND EXTENDING THE RULE tarian interests in this region, and are pre- seeking to share their ideas and to ask our OF LAW pared to play a more visible role in helping help. to arrange a settlement. One step that Con- In the years ahead, we must continue shap- Mr. Chairman, the representative of a for- gress could take to increase our influence ing a global economic system that works for eign power said once that his country had no would be to lift restrictions on nonmilitary America. Because our people are so produc- permanent allies, only permanent interests. assistance to Azerbaijan, while maintaining tive and inventive, we will thrive in any true It might be said of America that we have support for our generous aid program in Ar- competition. However, maintaining the eq- no permanent enemies, only permanent prin- menia. uity of the system requires constant effort. ciples. Finally, in Central Africa, we are striving Experience tells us that there will always be Those principles are founded in respect for with regional leaders and our allies to pre- some who will seek to take advantage by de- law, human dignity and freedom not just for vent a still-volatile situation from erupting nying access to our products, pirating our some, but for all people. into even greater tragedy. We are encour- copyrighted goods or under-pricing us If I am confirmed, I can assure you that aging the repatriation of the remaining through sweatshop labor. the United States will not hesitate to ad- Rwandan refugees and assisting in their re- That is why our diplomacy will continue to dress frankly the violation of internation- integration into Rwandan society. Through emphasize high standards on working condi- ally-recognized human rights, whether those the efforts of Special Envoy Howard Wolpe, tions, the environment and labor and busi- violations occur in Cuba or Afghanistan; we are promoting a dialogue between the op- ness practices. And it is why we will work for Burma, Belgrade or Beijing. posing parties in Burundi. And we support a trading system that establishes and en- We will work with others to defeat the and end to conflict in Zaire based on recogni- forces fair rules. forces of international crime and to put tion of Zaire’s territorial integrity and full Although we will continue to work closely those who traffic in drugs permanently out respect for human rights. with our G–7 partners, the benefits of eco- of business. Mr. Chairman, I visited Central Africa last nomic integration and expanded trade are We will pursue a hard line against inter- year. In Rwanda, in the beautiful region not—and should not be—limited to the most national terror, insisting on the principle where they filmed ‘‘Gorillas in the Mist’’, developed nations. Especially now, when our that sponsoring, sheltering or subsidizing there is an old stone church. By its side, bilateral foreign assistance program is in de- terrorists cannot be rationalized; it is wrong; American and other volunteers work with cline, public and private sector economic ini- and those guilty should not be appeased, but little brushes to clean and reassemble the tiatives are everywhere an important part of isolated and punished. skeletons of people slaughtered there in 1994. our foreign policy. We can also leverage re- We will maintain our strong backing for Among the hundreds of skeletons there, I sources for results by working with and sup- the international war crimes tribunal for happened to notice one in particular that porting the international financial institu- Rwanda and the Balkans, because we believe was only two feet long, about the size of my tions. that the perpetrators of ethnic cleansing little grandson. In Latin America, a region of democracies, should be held accountable, and those who It is said that foreign policy should not be we will be building on the 1994 Summit of the consider rape just another tactic of war influenced by emotion. That is true. But let Americas to strengthen judicial and other should answer for their crimes. us remember that murdered children are not political institutions and to promote higher And we will continue to promote and advo- emotions; they are human beings whose po- standards of living through free trade and cate democracy because we know that de- tential contributions are forever lost. Amer- economic integration. I am pleased that, in mocracy is a parent to peace, and that the ica has an interest, as do all civilized people, this effort, we will have the assistance of the American constitution remains the most

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 revolutionary and inspiring source of change in doing all we can, as representatives of the I also look forward to developing a in the world. indispensable nation, and with the help of policy in Bosnia that allows us to with- THE ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAM God, to answer that prayer. draw our forces by mid-1998 without al- One final note, Mr. Chairman. Before clos- Thank you very much. lowing a relapse into renewed fighting ing I wanted to make it clear that I intend, Mr. BIDEN. Thank you, Mr. Presi- among the various parties there. if confirmed, to build upon Secretary Chris- dent. I also am looking forward to encour- topher’s wise decision to incorporate envi- Mr. President, Ambassador Albright aging democracy throughout the world ronmental goals into the mainstream of our possesses a rare talent for articulating in places like Serbia, Belarus, Iraq, foreign policy. the reasons why events in seemingly Over the past several years, I have traveled China, Burma, and Cuba, all of which far away places matter a great deal to are going to be daunting tasks we face. to almost every region of the world. I have ordinary Americans. seen the congestion caused by over-develop- And to be sure, before NATO decides to ment, and the deforestation that results I was with another member of this admit new members—I hope that we when expanding populations compete for administration, Sandy Berger, today will—that the enlargement will in- shrinking natural resources. I have smelled and we were talking about it. I said crease the security of all the countries the air of smoke-clogged cities where the en- that I had to leave to go and deal with in Europe, and, second, that the costs vironmental techniques made possible by Madeleine Albright’s nomination on modern technology have not yet been ap- of enlargement are fairly allocated in a the floor. And I said, ‘‘They seem to manner not unduly burdensome on the plied. like her.’’ I don’t think this is inappro- The threats we face from environmental American taxpayer. And third, that a damage are not as spectacular as those of a priate to suggest. There is no State se- NATO charter with Russia can be con- terrorist’s bomb or a hostile missile. But cret. He said, ‘‘We were at a meeting, cluded that allows the alliance the op- they directly affect the health, safety and and she used the line that I think is portunity to consult with Moscow be- quality of life of families everywhere. We can great, and it captures what is going on. fore making final decisions, in order to choose to be passive in responding to those She said, ‘It is amazing that the 1 per- accommodate enhanced security in Eu- threats, and leave the hard work to our chil- cent of the resources of this Govern- dren, or we can be active and forward-look- rope. And also to increase our efforts ment may very well’ ’’—that is approxi- at combating the scourge of inter- ing now. I choose the latter course, and will mately what we spend on the whole not be shy in seeking congressional and pub- national drug trafficking, which lic support. foreign policy establishment of this threatens so many of our neighbor- Government—‘‘ ‘1 percent of the re- CONCLUSION hoods and families. sources of this Government will prob- Members of the Committee, I am deeply The one thing that every Secretary honored to appear here today. I have laid out ably determine 50 percent of the future of State has given lip service to is deal- some, but by no means all, of what I see as of this Nation over the next 6 to 8 ing with that issue. The one thing that the principal challenges and opportunities years.’ ’’ every Secretary of State, Democrat or we will face over the next four years. Clear- The reason I bother to mention that Republican, has promptly forgotten is ly, we have a lot to do. as an aside is that one of the things she a commitment I have gotten before I could say to you that it had always been grasped very well, as all great Secre- my ambition to be Secretary of State of the from every Secretary that they will taries of State have, is in the context not forget. But I want the RECORD to United States. But that is not true. Frankly, in which she is operating, and the con- I did not think it was possible. note, if Madeleine Albright is listening, I arrived in America when I was 11 years text in which the foreign policy it will that I remind her I will not forget her old. My family came here to escape Com- be her responsibility to promote will be commitment that the State Depart- munism and to find freedom and we did. My hers. ment should be involved in that testy, ambition at that time was only to speak Ambassador Albright has made a little, difficult item of dealing with the English well, please my parents, study hard, convincing argument for the United and grow up to be an American. international drug problem. The truth States to remain engaged throughout of the matter is most folks at the State The newspaper in Denver, where we lived, the world and for this Congress to give had a motto that read, ‘‘ ‘Tis a privilege to Department and foreign policy types live in Colorado.’’ the State Department the resources it think it is kind of beneath them to My father used to repeat that motto on a needs to, as she said, ‘‘promote and deal with drug policy, and I am here to regular basis, but he would often add a re- protect the interests of the American tell them, now that I rank on the minder: ‘‘Kids,’’ he would say, ‘‘never forget people.’’ Democratic side, I will be a thorn in that it is also a privilege to live in the I look forward to working with Am- their side about increasing their atten- United States.’’ bassador Albright to secure an ade- Long after I left home, my mother would tion to that issue. quate level of funding for her to direct Mr. President, I am enthusiastic call on the Fourth of July to ask my chil- American diplomacy, in order that our dren, her grandchildren: ‘‘Tell me, are you about the prospect of working with singing any patriotic songs?’’ Foreign Service officers, our U.S. Infor- Ambassador Albright over the next 4 Senators, you on your side of the table and mation Service officers, and our Agen- years. I am confident that she will co- I on my side, have a unique opportunity to cy for International Development operate closely with the Senate to en- be partners in creating a new and enduring workers can be active throughout the sure that our foreign policy continues framework for American Leadership. One of world. We need a diplomatic corps that to embody American ideals and to my predecessors, Dean Acheson, wrote about can react quickly and decisively to cri- serve the interests of the United States being present at the creation of a new era. ses before they escalate and then You and I have the challenge and the respon- around the globe. sibility to help co-author the newest chapter threaten peace and stability. We can- I strongly urge my fellow Senators to in our history. not afford to keep the State Depart- vote to confirm Madeleine Albright as In so doing, let us remember that there is ment so underfunded that diplomats our next Secretary of State. not a page of American history of which we are reduced to making calls from pay I thank the Chair and yield the floor. are proud that was written by a chronic com- phones because our missions are so Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, what is plainer or prophet of despair. poorly equipped that even the tele- the time situation? We are doers. phones don’t work. By rejecting the temptations of isolation, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and by standing with those around the world Mr. President, there is much more to ator from New Hampshire is recog- who share our values, we will advance our say and much that has been said. I do nized. own interests; honor our best traditions; and not want to be the one to slow up the Mr. GREGG. Will the Chair advise me help to answer a prayer that has been offered process. Let me conclude by suggesting of the time situation. over many years in a multitude of tongues, that I particularly look forward to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- in accordance with diverse customs, in re- working with Ambassador Albright in ator from New Hampshire has 44 min- sponse to a common yearning. a number of specific areas—the ratifi- utes remaining. The Senator from That prayer is the prayer for peace, free- cation of the Chemical Weapons Con- Delaware has 28 minutes remaining. dom, food on the table and what President Clinton once so eloquently referred to as vention before it enters into force April Mr. GREGG. It would be my proposal ‘‘the quiet miracle of a normal life.’’ 29, and to negotiate further arms con- then to yield 5 minutes to the Senator If with your consent, I am confirmed as trol treaties, including a Start III ac- from Montana and then speak myself 5 Secretary of State, I will ask you to join me cord. minutes to try to get the time more in

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S599 line. I yield to the Senator from Mon- security is in jeopardy. Ambassador plex issues as well as to explain them tana. Albright seems to understand the grav- to the community at large. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ity of this concept, and I am now as- As president of the Center for Na- ator from Montana is recognized. sured that she will not take such ac- tional Policy, a nonprofit research or- Mr. BURNS. I thank the Senator tion when policies face that kind of sit- ganization formed by representatives from New Hampshire. uation. from government, industry, and labor, I rise today in support of the nomina- Based on that, and I know we are she not only gained an understanding tion of Madeleine Albright, our Ambas- squeezed for time and there are many of the nonprofit sector but worked to sador to the United Nations, to be Sec- statements to be made about this won- bring together these diverse groups in retary of State. derful lady, I hope that my colleagues the interest of domestic and inter- As we all know, the Ambassador is a will support her to be confirmed in this national policy. highly intelligent woman with a solid nomination. For the past 4 years she has served in history in foreign affairs. We have just I thank my friend from New Hamp- the President’s Cabinet as Permanent completed visits to countries where we shire. I yield the remainder of my time, Representative to the United Nations, have a very high investment in mili- and I yield the floor. where she has addressed issues ranging tary, and let me tell my colleagues in Mr. SARBANES addressed the Chair. from economic development to peace- the Senate that we still live in a pretty The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- keeping to counternarcotics, and has tough world. Our challenges are still ator from Maryland is recognized. dealt with conflicts that span the there. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I globe. Not only does she bring to her posi- yield myself 4 minutes. Under her leadership the United tion experience from academia but also The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- States gained Security Council ap- the administrative arm of our Govern- ator is recognized on the nomination in proval for the United States-led, multi- ment and the legislative side. So I am the time under the control of the mi- national effort to restore democracy in certain that she knows how this proc- nority for 4 minutes. Haiti, for resolutions condemning ess works. Based on that knowledge, I Mr. SARBANES. I rise in very strong human rights violations in countries think she knows how to work with this and enthusiastic support of the nomi- including Cuba, Sudan, Burma, Nige- Congress and forms a solid foundation nation of Madeleine K. Albright to be ria, Iran, and Iraq, and for the estab- of trust and openness that is required Secretary of State. lishment of an inspector general to of all of us. In my judgment, Ambassador crack down on waste and fraud within Considering Secretary Christopher’s Albright is an outstanding choice for the U.N. system. That she accom- introduction at the Foreign Relations this position. Her experience, both per- plished these and many other impor- Committee hearing and Ambassador sonal and professional, as well as her tant goals at a time when the United Albright’s testimony in which she stat- demonstrated leadership ability, her States was the world’s largest debtor ed, ‘‘I can assure you that I am going steadfast adherence to the values and to the United Nations, thereby under- to tell it like it is here and also when principles that Americans hold dear, cutting our influence in that institu- I go abroad,’’ I am hopeful that her re- and her vast and indisputable knowl- tion, bears witness to her formidable lationship with the Congress will be an edge of the many complex issues that diplomatic skills. open one and an honest one. will no doubt confront our next Sec- What Ambassador Albright will bring By her frankness, however, there are retary of State, make it clear why to this position, however, reaches far issues which concern those of us who President Clinton has selected her. beyond the qualifications that are list- live in the State of Montana. We may Ambassador Albright’s work with the ed on her impressive re´sume´. Her own disagree with the Ambassador in some administration over the past 4 years personal family history of escaping areas. Although she has promised that testifies to her ability to excel at two from persecution, first at the hands of ‘‘one of the major goals of this admin- very different aspects of the position the Nazis and subsequently at those of istration is to make sure that the for which she has been nominated. She the Communists, has given her a pro- American economic lifeline is pro- has worked within the administration found understanding of the values and tected,’’ the Ambassador has also stat- to craft effective responses to the interests at the very heart of U.S. for- ed she is supportive of the fast track international challenges we face—obvi- eign policy. At her hearing, she elo- provision to include Chile into the ously a prime responsibility of the Sec- quently reminded us that freedom and North American Free Trade Agree- retary of State. She also during these democracy can be challenged from both ment. Treaties like NAFTA have not last 4 years has articulated those poli- the left and the right of the political exactly been a windfall for my State of cies in a clear and persuasive manner, spectrum. She told the committee, ‘‘It Montana. And the mere suggestion of building support among the American might be said of America that we have expanding it does not sit well when you people and winning the cooperation no permanent enemies, only permanent have been impacted like we have, being and respect of the international com- principles. Those principles are found- a border State. munity. Her capability in both the pri- ed in respect for law, human dignity As legislators and leaders, we must vate and public arenas of policymaking and freedom, not just for some, but for ensure that free and fair trade is part is most impressive. all people.’’ of any treaty, and if it is not, then It is abundantly clear to those famil- Referring to the United States as those treaties or agreements should iar with her record that she represents ‘‘the indispensable nation,’’ she chal- not even be considered. I hope the Am- a very tough-minded and perceptive lenged us to become ‘‘the authors of bassador will remember this vital ele- choice on the part of the President. the history of our age’’ by seizing the ment when negotiating as a U.S. rep- She has distinguished herself in many opportunity to meet the demands of a resentative around the world. institutions and aspects of foreign pol- new century. Also, in the past, I have had great icymaking, from the executive and leg- I think we all agree on the impor- concerns about what I have perceived islative branches to the world of aca- tance of having the President’s new as her overly enthusiastic willingness demia. Over the past two decades, she foreign policy team in place as quickly to use American troops abroad just has served as a staff member both at as possible, and I am pleased that the from some of the statements she has the National Security Council and in Foreign Relations Committee and the made. the Senate, where she worked with our full Senate are acting upon this nomi- I see she did in her testimony give a former colleague, Ed Muskie, who him- nation in such an expeditious manner. statement that would raise our com- self then later became Secretary of I understand the Armed Services Com- fort level a little more, and I think State. As a scholar, she has earned re- mittee is also moving expeditiously to that statement is good enough for me. spect in the academic community as a consider the nomination of our former I have always believed that the United researcher and teacher, consistently colleague, Senator William Cohen, to States should never forget that sending drawing high praise from her stu- be Secretary of Defense. We have be- our troops into dangerous situations dents—further testimony to her ability fore us a full and pressing agenda: the should only be done when our national both to come up with solutions to com- ratification of the Chemical Weapons

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 Convention and budgeting adequate re- tern claiming our policy is under re- Burma, and I congratulate my colleagues sources for the effective conduct of our view, a review which has been going on from Sweden for the skill and commitment foreign policy, to mention only two. for several years. with which they authored and gained agree- Ambassador Albright’s confirmation In the meantime, more than 500 peo- ment to it. ple have been arrested when Aung San This resolution reflects the consensus view hearing proved to all of us President of the members of the United Nations, a view Clinton’s insight in selecting her for Suu Kyi ventured from her compound premised on the ideals of the UN Charter and this significant and weighty assign- several weeks ago, her car was stoned the principles enshrined in the Universal ment. He chose her for her dem- and smashed by thugs as SLORC police Declaration of Human Rights. It reflects the onstrated competence, her broad range looked on. Since then she has been hard-earned wisdom of the international of experience, for her consistently under undeclared house arrest. community that every government of every sound advice, and her exceptional abil- Given her past support I am hopeful society should be held to certain minimum ity to explain international issues to Ambassador Albright will finally take standards of respect for the rights and free- the necessary steps to position this ad- doms of its own people. Americans while conveying U.S. poli- Regrettably, the current government of cies and principles to the world. ministration squarely in support of de- mocracy and its most eloquent, dig- Burma is not meeting these minimum stand- I believe that Madeleine Albright is ards. It has subjected democratic forces to a eminently qualified to become Sec- nified advocate Aung San Suu Kyi. kind of rolling repression in which small retary of State. I urge my colleagues to Let me comment briefly on one other steps forward alternate with crackdowns and join with me in approving her nomina- area where I believe Ambassador episodes of intimidation and violence. tion. Albright has already made a difference. The Burmese authorities, known as the Mr. President, I yield the floor. During the administration’s recent SLORC, have refused to enter into a mean- Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I consideration of the level of support for ingful dialogue with the leader of the Na- am pleased to rise in support of Ambas- the foreign affairs account she has been tional League for Democracy, Aung San Suu sador Albright’s nomination as Sec- unflinching and unapologetic about the Kyi, or with other democratic leaders and representatives of the major ethnic groups. retary of State. I am confident she will need to provide adequate resources to administer American foreign policy They have continued to deny to their citi- serve our national security interests zens the fundamental political freedoms of with distinction. and assistance programs. expression and assembly. And they have en- While she has managed a broad port- I share her view that we have reached gaged in torture, forced labor, forced reloca- folio in her capacity as our Ambas- a crisis point—we cannot afford to tions and summary executions. sador to the United Nations, there are compromise our financial support for It is increasingly clear that the failure of two issues where I have had occasion to our embassies and programs abroad Burmese authorities to respect civil and work closely with her and have been based on a misguided notion that fur- human rights is causing unrest within the particularly impressed with her views ther reductions will actually make a country. difference in balancing the budget. Recent student demonstrations, although and commitment. non-political in nature, have been harshly On Burma, Ambassador Albright has The 150 account is already less than 1 percent of Federal spending—further repressed. The Government has periodically consistently delivered a tough message curtailed the right of Aung San Suu Kyi to to the ruling junta: We expect improve- cuts will not make any meaningful address her supporters in public and even to ments on human rights, we expect a se- contribution to controlling our budget leave her home. Last November, her motor- rious effort to be made to combat the deficit and, in fact may actually make cade was attacked by a mob that could only scourge of narcotics trafficking. it worse. have acted with official authority and bless- She has recognized that the key to Cutting back on America’s presence ing. As we speak, the restrictions on her progress in both areas is to restore de- overseas has a direct impact on Amer- movements and activities are the most se- ican commercial interests—without ex- vere since her release from ‘‘house arrest’’ in mocracy to Burma. July, 1995. To the supporters of Aung San Suu port promotion programs to launch and support them in critical but risky new Although the SLORC professes a desire to Kyi and her legitimately elected Gov- move Burma in the direction of democracy, ernment of Burma, robbed of their vic- markets, American business men will it has not done so. The Constitutional Con- tory in 1991, Albright has been the sole lose long term access and share—and as vention it established to create the illusion voice of support and hope in this ad- we all know, exports are the key to of a national political dialogue is a sham— ministration. both American income and 11 million fully controlled and orchestrated by the gov- Following the International Con- jobs. ernment. As a result, the Convention has ference on Women in Beijing, she trav- It’s not just our economy that is af- been a source not of reconciliation, but of fected, our presence abroad has a direct further division. eled to Rangoon and met with Aung Finally, the Government of Burma has re- San Suu Kyi. affect on protecting our interests in combating terrorism and narcotics fused to cooperate with the UN Special This may not seem to be exceptional, Rapporteur and with the Special Representa- but Ambassador Albright is the only trafficking, direct threats to our com- tive of the Secretary-General. senior official in the administration to munities and families. The Burmese authorities would like the meet with Aung San Suu Kyi and has American leadership has paid a pre- world to believe that its harsh policies are been alone yet unfailing in her out- mium in peace and prosperity but it necessary in light of Burma’s turbulent his- spoken support for the advancement of comes at a price. Madeleine Albright tory and the multi-ethnic nature of Burmese has courageously and clearly defended society. But as the Resolution approved Burma’s freedom from the thugs who the importance of making that down today shows, the world does not accept that currently rule. excuse. The right of people to participate A few weeks ago, after several hun- payment. I am confident that she will bring the freely in a democratic political process is an dred students and citizens were ar- same frank, smart, and tough approach ally—not an enemy—to national unity and rested for calling for political change, social peace. to her new responsibilities that we Ambassador Albright spoke out force- Experience tells us that the kind of sta- have seen her exercise in her current fully and in clear terms at the United bility that may be achieved through repres- position. Nations that this oppression must sion is sterile, superficial and temporary. It I ask unanimous consent that Am- is a stability maintained by fear, in which come to an end. bassador Albright’s statement at the the human resources of a society are held Last year, during consideration of United Nations be printed in the back and beaten down. the foreign operations bill, we included RECORD. Lasting stability, economic prosperity and language which established criteria for There being no objection, the state- a rich cultural life come when people are free imposing economic sanctions against ment was ordered to be printed in the to make use of their full talents and abili- ties. A society blossoms when those who gov- SLORC. RECORD, as follows: Specifically, we required sanctions be ern respect those who are governed, and STATEMENT BY AMBASSADOR MADELEINE K. when the people have confidence in those applied if there was large scale repres- ALBRIGHT, UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE sion against the opposition or if any they have chosen to make and enforce their TO THE UNITED NATIONS, IN THE GENERAL laws. action was taken to harm or rearrest ASSEMBLY, ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUA- For Burma, the path to that kind of future Aung San Suu Kyi. TION IN BURMA, DECEMBER 12, 1996 is outlined in this resolution. Since the bill passed, the administra- The United States strongly supports this In it, we call upon the government to cease tion continues to be in a holding pat- resolution on the human rights situation in abusing human rights, to empty their cells

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S601 of those detained for political reasons, to policies there, and in fact were really body or related to somebody and are permit UN representatives to visit; and to misled as to the decisions that were not pursuing and accomplishing a great begin a genuine dialogue with democratic made there, as to the removal of Amer- deal, either to the benefit of the United and ethnic leaders. ican troops. But rather than focusing Nations or the world. Yet, there ap- The more time elapses before these steps are taken, the more the pressure will build, on that issue, that I know some of my pears to be a significant amount of the more divided Burma will become, and colleagues were talking about, I want that going on. the more difficult it will be for Burma to to focus on two other issues I think are I had one U.N. spokesperson say to achieve a peaceful transition to democratic critical and about which this adminis- me, ‘‘But we have 290 countries looking rule. tration’s policies need to be reviewed over our shoulders making sure every The international community would like with considerable intensity. cent is spent appropriately.’’ The fact to see Burma develop into a stable, pros- The first issue is how we deal with is, just a few nations are actually pay- perous and democratic society. We would the United Nations. It is my under- ing for the spending. Most of the na- like to remove Burma from the list of na- standing the administration will be tions about which we annually express con- tions that participate in the United cern. sending up a supplemental request or Nations either contribute very little But as long as repression remains the gov- some other form of request for an ap- or, in some cases, nothing to general ernment’s chosen means of conducting busi- propriation to fully fund the arrearages coffers, and they are not looking over ness with its own people, we will continue to that are due to the United Nations. I their shoulders to determine how the meet our own responsibility to speak up; and happen to be a supporter of the United money is being spent effectively. In to assert the validity in Burma of the uni- Nations, its goals and purposes. But I many instances, they are looking over versal and cherished principles by which all also am realistic enough to know that the shoulders to see how much money nations have agreed to live, and without body has not functioned very effec- which, no nation can fulfill its potential. they can get spent on them. tively and that body has spent a lot of So, really, it is the United States Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I yield money ineffectively and has had a sig- role in the exercise of reviewing the myself such time as I may consume. nificant track record of patronage, of United Nations that we be much more I rise to speak, along with my col- misuse of funds, and in some instances aggressive in financial review and man- leagues, on the good counsel, good deci- of actual abusive use of funds. agement of that institution. sion the President has made in choos- The question becomes how should we This is something I do not think this ing Madeleine Albright. I think it also pay these arrearages? Should we just administration has pursued aggres- is appropriate at this time to acknowl- do it in a carte blanche manner or just sively enough. Ambassador Albright, to edge the extraordinary effort and the do it in an orderly manner that allows her credit, tried to pursue it aggres- extraordinary commitment of service the United States to assert financial sively, but I think that once we take that was made by Secretary Chris- interests of the integrity within the in- off the lever of the arrearages issue and topher during his term as Secretary of stitution, of its management of day-to- simply sign a blank check for arrear- State. He was a patient and tireless day operation, and of its delivery of ages, we lose our capacity to effec- pursuer of peace around the world. I services? To date we have not had a tively pursue United Nations reform in may not have agreed with all his poli- great deal of success in that area. its own house, and that is something cies, but certainly in a number of areas There has been a lot of talk about it. that I will be very resistant to doing. his successes are considerable and I The United Nations has claimed that it I believe Congress should put a point specifically to the Mideast. is now funding a no-growth budget, strong fence around any funds for the Equally important, he was an indi- something which is very suspect even United Nations, and before those mon- vidual totally committed to raising up though the State Department has cer- eys can be spent for arrearages, there the standard of living and of support tified it. It is very suspect because must be a hard account—a hard ac- for members of his team, his Foreign there are $154 million worth of reduc- count—of how the reforms have oc- Service team and their families, some- tions in spending which they claim curred and whether or not they are thing I am also committed to, that, as they are going to make, but which going to be effective. chairman of the appropriations com- have not been identified. Yet we see Second, this administration’s actions mittee which has jurisdiction over the the State Department accepting them in the area of terrorism, which is a State Department, I feel very strongly at face value, which is something I core issue of foreign policy—in fact, we must continue to pursue. So I con- think this Congress should have a there is no greater threat to this coun- gratulate him on his efforts. great deal of problems doing for any try today than the act of a terrorist, Ambassador Albright is someone I American agency. either orchestrated by a foreign power have had a chance to work with, rel- In addition, we hear the United Na- or orchestrated by an international ative to her time at the United Na- tions is aggressively pursuing reform group of individuals directed at our tions. I know she will bring to the of- within itself. But that reform does not country—there is no greater threat to fice of Secretary of State a great deal seem to be broad. It also does not seem our country today. of integrity and a great deal of energy. to be willing to be subject to signifi- We came out of the cold war where Of course she has a unique personal cant review. An inspector general has the threat was two nations confronting background that I think will be a tre- been appointed, but that inspector gen- each other with nuclear armament into mendous asset to the President, as he eral’s portfolio has been significantly a world where we have innumerable and she develop international policy. limited. factions around the world who, for But, as we address the issue of Mad- We, as a Congress, have also been sig- whatever reasons—whether they are re- eleine Albright’s nomination I think nificantly circumscribed in our ability ligious, whether they are personal, we need to go beyond the person. I in- to determine how the dollars are being whether they are just economic—have tend to vote for her and vote with en- spent. decided to make the United States the thusiasm for her, but I do believe very Why is it important that we look at target of their concerns and, in many strongly that we need to raise the issue this? Well, because 25 cents of every instances, these are fanatics. of policy, as to how this administration dollar that the United Nations spends We, as a nation, must be much more is pursuing the decisions of foreign pol- comes from the American taxpayer, aggressive in addressing the issue of icy in a number of arenas because there and we have to go back to our constitu- terrorism. To do this, we have to have are some problems and I have signifi- ents and say those dollars are being a coordinated effort that starts with cant reservations, as I know many of spent effectively. the President and involves the core my colleagues do. I know there has I personally have no problem funding agencies at the Federal level, including been some discussion on the issue of the United Nations at a level that is the State Department, the CIA, the De- Bosnia, and the question as to how the reasonable, but I do have a great deal fense Department and the Justice De- administration acted and is going to of problem funding some group of indi- partment, and especially the FBI in the continue to act there, the fact that ba- viduals simply sitting at a desk who Justice Department. sically neither the Congress nor the got those jobs out of patronage or be- I have been concerned and have spo- American people were told fully of the cause they happened to know some- ken on this floor a number of instances

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 about the fact that although we have tion. Obviously, he has chosen not only Those of us who know Ambassador leadership in those Departments who someone who is eminently qualified to Albright were not at all surprised by have raised the issue of terrorism to a be Secretary of State, but he has made her deft handling of the nomination high standard within their Depart- a wonderful statement to the world process itself, the way in which she im- ments, and although those leaders talk about the possibilities in the United pressed both the public and the Sen- to each other—Secretary Christopher States of America. It is something we ators who were part of that confirma- was aggressive in talking to other often talk about, but Madeleine tion process earlier this month. agency heads, the Defense Department, Albright will be a living example, an As the former chairman and now CIA, and Justice—we do not yet have Ambassador, even as Secretary of ranking member of the International in place a systematic process for push- State, of the opportunities in this Operations Subcommittee, I was par- ing down through the agencies the co- country for an immigrant as well as for ticularly pleased that Ambassador operation which is necessary in order women. I think all of us should be very Albright shares my concern about two to have a coordinated effort. In fact, we proud of that. important issues. They are not the still have in the field significant resist- She brings a remarkable amount of only things we share, but two that I knowledge and practical experience to ance from the State Department to want to just spend a moment on. FBI agents being placed overseas for this job. She is an academic with rec- ognized expertise in the politics and One is the need to ensure that the the basic purpose of law enforcement, State Department has adequate re- and we have a real lack of communica- policies of Russia, Central and Eastern Europe. sources to conduct our diplomacy in tion, in many instances, between the this increasingly complex world. I FBI, CIA, and the field people who do During her tenure as our representa- tive at the United Nations, she has think it is vital for us in the Congress the work for the State Department. not to balance the budget of the United Until we put in place a systematic shown herself to be a remarkably force- States on the great international inter- process of developing information and ful and effective diplomat. Of par- ests we have, to nickel and dime many getting it back to a central group in ticular importance to us here, she un- of those vital interests as we go for- this country who can use that informa- derstands the Hill, she understands the ward in this far more complex world. tion effectively, we will be continuing Congress, she understands the con- to blind ourselves as a nation as to the stitutional prerogatives thereof, and Many of my colleagues spend a lot of threat of terrorism and our ability to she has worked as well with the execu- time extolling the virtues of the end of respond to it. tive branch as she has with the legisla- the cold war, and well we should. But This has to come from the top. It has tive branch of our Government. the end of the cold war does not mean to come from the President. The Presi- During her 4 years at the United Na- the end of the need for personal diplo- dent has to have the leadership of the tions, she established an impressive macy or for vigilance or for American agencies sit with him on a regular record of accomplishments on behalf of presence. I would respectfully submit basis and develop a plan which is then our country. Thanks to her determina- that it means the need for more, not communicated down through the var- tion, the United States was able to less. And the new kind of conflicts that ious levels of the different Depart- hold the line on U.N. sanctions against we see, conflicts that emerge out of na- ments. But it has not occurred yet. To Libya and Iraq and to gain the Secu- tionalism, out of fundamentalism, the be honest, I do not think there is a rity Council’s approval for the United problems of terrorism and working on sense of urgency expressed yet within States-led multinational effort to re- treaties and various agreements, and this administration to do that. So, store democracy in Haiti, an effort, I legal agreements to exchange law en- once again, I have a strong concern and might comment, met with significant forcement and information, all of these hope that they will take this issue on. resistance in this country, that rep- things really demand more personal di- So those are two public policy issues resented both a gutsy, courageous deci- plomacy than ever before. which I think this administration has sion and one which has made an enor- Indeed, the extraordinary confronta- yet to adequately address, and I hope mous difference, ultimately, for the tions we face internationally on issues the new Secretary of State, Ambas- people of Haiti and, I think, also, one of resource allocation, refugees, human sador Albright, will pursue them. They might say, to our country because of rights require the United States of are put on the table by myself as a what we accomplished and also because America, the preeminent leader on matter of a caveat item of concern of the practical things that we avoided these issues in the world, to be able to that, as chairman of the committee with respect to the forced immigration make our presence felt. which has jurisdiction over the State and difficulties we were facing with Mr. President, that means people Department and the Justice Depart- refugees coming to Florida. talking to people. It does not mean In addition to that, her very strong ment, I intend to continue to push and closing every mission or closing every personal advocacy led to the establish- to which I hope this administration outpost in the world. It frankly means ment of the War Crimes Tribunal for will respond. a greater presence, not a lesser pres- Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia and Mr. President, I reserve the remain- ence. I believe that that will return to for the fulfillment, really, of Eleanor der of my time and yield the floor. us in so many hundreds of thousands of Roosevelt’s proposal for the establish- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who ways, some of them immeasurable, but ment of a new position, the High Com- yields time? most of them measurable, that it is Mr. KERRY addressed the Chair. missioner for Human Rights. In the very difficult area of U.N. re- well worth the investment of this coun- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- try. ator from Massachusetts. form and management, which is an Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I yield area Senator GREGG referred to, and The second area, I believe, is the im- myself such time as I may consume. other Senators have expressed a great portance of developing a multilateral The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- deal of concern about, particularly strategy to combat the increasing ator is recognized. those of us on the Foreign Relations threats positioned by international Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I rise to Committee, Ambassador Albright’s de- crime. Without such a strategy, we will strongly support the nomination of termined and personal efforts have led find ourselves increasingly threatened Madeleine Albright to be Secretary of to the establishment of an inspector in the face of a growing global criminal State. I thank the majority leader for general, the adoption for the first time network that tears at the fabric of our moving so rapidly to schedule both this in history of a no-growth budget. As society and jeopardizes our relation- debate as well as the vote. suspect as Senator GREGG says some of ships with other nations. I believe the overwhelming vote— the promises may be, it is in place and In the coming months we have to ad- probably unanimous—in favor of Mad- I believe we are in a position to help le- dress a host of important issues in the eleine Albright is going to properly re- verage that now for the first time, and Senate: arms control and foreign policy flect the confidence and esteem in also, most important, the election of a issues, including the Chemical Weap- which she is held by the U.S. Senate. new Secretary General who under- ons Convention, the Nuclear Safety I think the President should be stands the paramount need for contin- Convention, the future of the Anti-Bal- greatly commended for this nomina- ued reform. listic Missile Treaty, the U.N. funding

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S603 and reform, and the question of re- and the responsibility to question Am- they will not be available to protect sources for international affairs, agen- bassador Albright concerning her stra- strategic national interests where we cies and programs. So I look forward to tegic vision for the conduct of U.S. for- must make a difference. working with the new Secretary of eign policy. Ambassador Albright is a It is important that we ask the Sec- State on those issues. capable and forceful advocate of the retary of State-designate and this ad- Mr. President, many of us have had Clinton administration’s agenda. I am ministration for a well-defined set of the honor of working with Ambassador confident that she will serve the Presi- guidelines for how we deploy the Albright for the last 4 years. We know dent with honor and distinction. Unfor- strength of the United States around she has a remarkable grasp of the tunately, I am equally confident that the world. The absence of such a pol- issues that we face and a determina- Ambassador Albright will continue to icy, I think, could be disastrous in tion to confront the challenges. We promote the same misguided Clinton terms of our own interests and could be should remember that she brings a foreign policy that we have had for the confusing and send the wrong signals very important additional quality to past 4 years. to the international community. In this job—it is a special quality, and I We need our foreign relations to be that respect I send to the desk for in- think particularly important in this conducted at the highest level of inte- clusion in the RECORD an editorial from time—and that is the ability to con- gration and coordination, and the high- the Philadelphia Inquirer of January nect with the American people and to est level of representation of the sov- 13, 1997, regarding this matter and the help define to the American people the ereign interests of this country and the hearing and ask unanimous consent complexities of our interests in foreign American people. We must ensure that that it be printed in the RECORD. policy and to do so in a way that all our influence is used to advance the na- There being no objection, the article Americans can understand and appre- tional interest and to ensure respect was ordered to be printed in the ciate. for American leadership abroad. Na- RECORD, as follows: When we visited in my office prior to tional prestige is reinforced and en- her confirmation hearing, Ambassador STATECRAFT—AFTER MADELEINE ALBRIGHT hanced when we operate with a coher- SKATES TO CONFIRMATION, IT’LL BE PER- Albright said to me that her first ob- ent, concise, and understandable for- FORMANCE, NOT RHETORIC, THAT COUNTS jective was to make the American peo- eign policy. As the world’s only re- During her confirmation hearings for sec- ple understand what we are trying to maining superpower—we must enhance retary of state last week, Madeleine Albright accomplish, how we are trying to ac- our capacity to deliver military, eco- was asked when America should intervene complish it, and their stake in what we nomic, and moral leadership with clar- abroad. are trying to accomplish in their name. ity. She quoted a high-sounding but vague Like any smart politician, she under- To date, the Clinton administration statement by President Clinton: ‘‘Where our interests are clear, our values are at stake, stands that no foreign policy can be has reacted to foreign policy develop- successful ultimately without the sup- and where we can make a difference, we ments, but has failed to a develop a for- must act and we must lead.’’ port of the American people. I am con- eign policy. The administration has fident that she will engender that sup- Sen. John Ascroft, a Missouri Republican, lurched from managing one crisis to asked with understandable perplexity, ‘‘How port in her new role as Secretary of another, but never articulated the na- do we set those priorities? Are there ever State. tional interest in accordance with a times where we don’t act where we could So today we have an opportunity to core philosophy. Instead of consist- make a difference because we need to reserve help make history in the U.S. Senate ently safeguarding and promoting our our capacity to act where we must make a by confirming a remarkably talented difference?’’ values abroad, the Clinton administra- person who happens to also be a woman Mrs. Albright, who served in Clinton’s first tion has acted on an ad hoc basis ac- as the next Secretary of State. I am term as ambassador to the United Nations, cording to the exigencies of the mo- pleased to cast my vote along with oth- replied that such choices are policymakers’ ment, confusing our allies and ers for Madeleine Albright. I know she most difficult task. But that is precisely the emboldening rogue nations. China was mountain she must move if the Clinton for- will undertake her new job with great emboldened to conduct missile tests off eign policy is to gain coherence. As Ameri- thoughtfulness and creativity and with cans struggle to find the line between isola- a zest that will make us proud. the coast of Taiwan; North Korea was emboldened to further the development tionism and global gendarme, Mrs. Albright I reserve the remainder of time for still hasn’t clarified where she stands. our side of the aisle. of their nuclear weapons capabilities; Her confirmation hearing was a lovefest, in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Saddam Hussein was emboldened to part because she charmed conservatives by yields time? strengthen his position in northern bashing Cuba and former United Nations Mr. ASHCROFT addressed the Chair. Iraq. chief Boutros Boutros-Ghali, in part because The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. President, in her confirmation she will be the first woman to hold such high ator from Missouri is recognized. hearing Madeleine Albright said, office. But she didn’t resolve the contradic- Mr. ASHCROFT. Thank you very quoting the President of the United tions in her political and diplomatic track much. I thank the Senator from North States, ‘‘Where our interests are clear, record of interventionism. our values are at stake, and where we As a child of refugees from Hitler and So- Carolina for this opportunity to speak. viet communism, Mrs. Albright says her I am delighted to have an oppor- can make a difference, we must act and thinking was molded by Munich rather than tunity to participate in the discussion we must lead.’’ This formula for de- Vietnam (that is, she sees U.S. intervention of the confirmation of the President’s ploying American forces is one which is as good, not evil). But it has often seemed choice for Secretary of State, Mad- so broad and so vague that it sends sig- her litmus test for U.S. intervention was eleine Albright. nals which might confuse other players more a hope of doing good, than a pursuit of Generally, Mr. President, I respect in the international arena. vital U.S. interests. the Executive’s prerogative to choose ‘‘Where our interests are clear’’—I On taking her U.N. post, Mrs. Albright Cabinet officers whom the President suppose we could have an interest any- called for ‘‘assertive multilateralism,’’ believes will faithfully and diligently where—and ‘‘where our values are at meaning America should lead, but work through international organizations like the execute the Administration’s policies. stake’’—I am sure the values we hold United Nations. But she dropped that idea However, in our federal system, the dear are at stake in every situation after the U.N. and American peacekeeping Senate plays an important role in the around the world—and ‘‘where we can debacle in Somalia (for which she bears confirmation process through the con- make a difference.’’ Well, the truth of much responsibility). stitutionally granted power to ‘‘advise the matter is, no one would think that Now Mrs. Albright talks about a pragmatic and consent.’’ It is this duty—the duty we would send our troops where we ‘‘doability doctrine.’’ She said America isn’t to advise and to grant consent—which could not make a difference. the world’s policeman. But she never an- brings me before you today, for I have I remain concerned that if we deploy swered Sen. Ashcroft’s question. troops in too many instances just be- The lack of clues to an Albright doctrine grave concerns regarding the conduct wouldn’t be so worrisome had she dem- of U.S. foreign policy under the Clinton cause there are interests and there are onstrated a firmer grip of strategy over the administration. values at stake and we can make a dif- past four years. Instead, she became known As a member of the Foreign Rela- ference, there may come a time when more as the queen of the TV sound bite, tions Committee, I had the privilege our troops will be so occupied that coining punchy foreign policy phrases to

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 compensate for the taciturn Warren Chris- might include an attempt to place U.S. gest that any threat to our sov- topher. Pundits praise her ‘‘passionate’’ ap- troops under the command of individ- ereignty, any threat to our State and proach, but in her new job it will be strategy uals who are not U.S. citizens and who local laws, any threat to the sanctity and performance that count, not rhetoric. do not have the kind of values to which of the family, is a reason to be vigilant. Perhaps she can avoid her boss’ history of In order to safeguard the national in- confusing the two. we are committed. Mr. President, in this era of hege- terest, we must reorganize our foreign Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, dur- monic stability, with the proliferation policy apparatus. This Nation is still ing her confirmation hearing Ambas- of fissile materials and missile delivery saddled with an unwieldy cold war for- sador Albright stated that ‘‘we are not systems to rogue nations we must be eign policy bureaucracy in which many the world’s policeman, nor, . . . are we constantly vigilant to security threats. of the functions of AID, ACDA, and running a charity or a fire depart- We must ensure that adherence to Rus- USIA could be better handled by the ment.’’ However, she failed to recog- sia’s narrow and one-sided interpreta- State Department. I was hoping that nize that the combination of her so- tion of the ABM Treaty does not jeop- Ambassador Albright would come for- called ‘‘assertive multilateralism’’ and ardize the safety of the American peo- ward in support of this effort, as did a ‘‘do-ability doctrine’’—whereby the ple. Russia should not have veto power Secretary of State Christopher—how- United States acts ‘‘in the places where over developing a defensive system to ever fleetingly. The American people our addition of action will, in fact, be protect the American people from mis- not only want our Government to re- the critical difference’’—places the sile attack. Ambassador Albright sup- flect their wishes abroad, but they United States, as a practical matter in ports the administration’s goal to de- want it to do so coherently, concisely, the position of being the world’s police- velop a theater missile defense system and clearly. If we have a single voice in man, of running a charity or a fire de- that will protect our allies and our foreign policy representing the admin- partment. troops abroad—but not to develop a istration, be it Republican or Demo- For the past 4 years, the pursuit of system to protect our own territory crat, that single voice is most likely to the United States’ national interests and citizens at home in the near term. get the job done, rather than the ca- has been obscured by an overriding re- I find this position to be untenable. cophony of voices from competing liance on multilateral action. The ad- Mr. President, we must not only pro- fiefdoms which undercut the authority ministration’s embrace of ‘assertive tect the physical security of the United of the Secretary of State. multilateralism’ has resulted in both States and the American people. We For example, currently there is a the abdication of our responsibilities must also safeguard our sovereignty— ‘‘good-cop, bad-cop’’ approach to for- and the misguided projection of our our State and local laws and customs eign policy, whereby the entities who power. For example, instead of apply- from international review. I am trou- hand out U.S. foreign aid maintain ing the Reagan Doctrine to Bosnia by bled by Ambassador Albright’s asser- good relations with client nations, equipping and training the Bosnian tion that ‘‘there is no such thing any- while the Department of State essen- forces in spite of our allies’ objections, more as just a purely domestic issue or tially holds the line in protecting U.S. the Clinton administration subcon- a purely foreign issue.’’ She says there interests. We should not be handing tracted our role of arming the Bosnians are only ‘‘intermestic’’ issues, meaning out foreign aid to a country at a time to a terrorist regime in Iran, allowing international and domestic issues com- when that very country is clearly act- fundamentalists to gain a foothold in bined. I think there are some issues of ing against our interests. When we dis- the heart of Europe and thus unneces- sovereignty that need to be reserved di- tribute foreign aid, it should be with an sarily endangering the lives of U.S. rectly and appropriately, not only to understanding that the United States troops. In contrast, the administra- the purview of our country, but to its agency or department asking for co- tion’s attempt at nation building in citizens—to individuals and to fami- ordination and cooperation from a Somalia sacrificed the lives of 19 brave lies. I am concerned about her support country in one arena is the same agen- Rangers without regard to whether of international treaties which could cy or department that will be deliv- such action advanced our vital na- infringe upon the parental and reli- ering assistance to that country. tional interests. When this administra- gious rights Americans now enjoy. We must prioritize our expenditures. tion acts according to the exigencies of I am concerned that we closely mon- There are those in this country, like the moment instead of according to an itor the extent to which the United Ambassador Albright, who think that underlying philosophy, the country States from time to time by treaty there cannot be any cuts at all in the lurches from paralysis to mission creep cedes the sovereignty of the American foreign relations area. The Clinton ad- without regard to the national inter- people to international organizations. ministration has actually asked for est. Madeleine Albright, the Secretary of over $1 billion more in funding over Recently, there has been discussion State-designate, for instance, signed last year’s level. Lobbyists for more of the possibility of reworking our en- the United Nations Convention on the foreign aid kept trawling the Halls of tire military force structure—which is Rights of the Child. Britain, which has Congress last year with their buttons presently based on the capacity to ratified the treaty, is now being called saying ‘‘Just 1 percent.’’ I just want to fight two simultaneous major regional on the carpet because they allow mod- point out that the ‘‘Just 1 percent’’ is conflicts—in order to enable us to com- erate corporal punishment of children actually about $18 billion. Ambassador mit U.S. troops to an ever-growing by parents. I simply do not think we Albright is convinced that we have number of multilateral peacekeeping need to look to the United Nations or made ‘‘the most out of that (foreign missions. I am concerned that we may international organizations to tell us aid) money.’’ I am not so sanguine. We sacrifice our vital national security in- whether moderate spanking of children have poured hundreds of millions of terests in order to be able to partici- is allowed in the United States. Inas- dollars into countries over the years pate in peripheral endeavors. We much as she was an individual who with little effect, because we have not should not be shortsighted. We should signed the treaty on behalf of the tied that aid to internal changes in not lose sight of what we must do in United States, I think it behooves us, many countries which would make order to accomplish what we can do. given her commitment to the so-called that aid meaningful and eventually un- Our military should be used to protect ‘‘intermestic’’ nature of all issues, that necessary. our national security interests, not we ask her to be especially careful I am not in favor of abolishing for- provide peacekeeping in areas without about the sovereignty of the United eign assistance, but I am in favor of strategic significance. States and the prerogatives of individ- sending a signal around the globe that We need to continue to very closely uals in specific States. Ambassador when American citizens are tightening monitor the foreign policy of the Clin- Albright stated that ‘‘the promotion their belts, and exercising fiscal re- ton administration in terms of the na- and protection of international human sponsibility, there will be some ripple tional security interests of the United rights may require that domestic state effects in terms of our aid. We need to States. We must be vigilant about the and local policies in certain areas be send a clear signal that the shared sac- deployment of U.S. troops around the open to international scrutiny. We rifice here at home should be matched world, including deployments that have no reason to fear it.’’ I would sug- by a certain degree of sacrifice around -

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S605 the world. There is a direct correlation betweenThe ourPRESIDING international OFFICER. prestige The and mi- the fiscalissue healthas well. of So this I willcountry. just coverIf we dosome not have the the world. There is a direct correlation nority has 12 minutes 21 seconds. brief points here, if I can. I certainly between our international prestige and Mr. DODD. I will make it briefer would not want to allow the time to the fiscal health of this country. If we than that then. pass without making some personal ob- do not have the ability to put our fi- Mr. BIDEN. If the Senator needs 10, servations about Madeleine Albright. nancial house in order, we will not be go ahead. Obviously, Ambassador Albright’s respected by countries around the Mr. DODD. Mr. President, let me nomination is historic for a number of world. If we continue to race down the thank Senator BIDEN and also my col- reasons, and those reasons have been road to bankruptcy, our influence will league from North Carolina for his un- outlined by the chairman of the com- not be substantial. It is my sense that derstanding. I also thank him and Sen- mittee, the Senator from North Caro- our stock will rise on the exchange of ator LOTT for the expeditious manner lina, as well as others, over the last the world’s international community, in which this nomination has been several hours. She will be the first when we demonstrate our intent to ad- treated. Finally, I thank my colleagues woman to hold the position of Sec- dress seriously our responsibilities. on the committee as well, who engaged retary of State. Without a doubt, Mad- However, the United States is not in a long day of testimony by Mad- eleine is eminently qualified to dis- alone in the need to downsize its bu- eleine Albright, under an arrangement charge the duties of this office. She has reaucracy and eliminate waste. The that allowed us to move this nomina- the expertise, academic background, United Nations must do the same. To tion out of our committee on the day and leadership qualities that will make her credit, Ambassador Albright has of the inauguration. Now, it will allow her an excellent Secretary of State. I been an outspoken critic of waste, us to vote here today in the full Sen- may also point out, Mr. President, that fraud, and abuse in the United Nations. ate. Madeleine Albright speaks, I believe, She was instrumental in initiating an Mr. President, I believe that today’s four or five languages fluently—which oversight process. However, I am dis- bipartisan cooperation on this nomina- will be a first, I think, for anyone to turbed that she supports the payment tion will help to forge the kind of ever hold this position—including her of arrears by the United States. The working relationship between Repub- native language of Czech, as well as Congress withheld those funds in order licans and Democrats in the Senate Russian, Polish, French, and obviously to exert leverage for reform. Those that should make it easier to get the English. This will provide an invalu- funds should not be released until there American people’s business taken care able tool for the United States, to have is tangible evidence that those reforms of here in Washington. I commend the a Secretary of State with such a pro- have been enacted as required by Con- leaders of both sides of the aisle for ficient ability to communicate with gress. their efforts in that regard. leaders throughout the world. I am casting my vote for Ambassador To be honest, Mr. President, reaching I have known Ambassador Albright Albright with grave reservations. For I consensus on this nomination was not for many years. Our families have been want to make clear that my vote for difficult at all. That’s because the close. My brother, Tom, was a col- Ambassador Albright to ascend to the nominee we are considering today is so league of Madeleine’s at Georgetown position of Secretary of State is not an highly respected by everyone in the University for many years, where they endorsement of the Clinton adminis- U.S. Congress—by Democrats and Re- both taught. tration’s foreign policy. As I noted, I publicans, liberals, moderates, and con- Madeleine is also no stranger to the take my ‘‘advise and consent’’ respon- servatives. Congress and she keenly understands sibilities very seriously. I also take my During her nomination hearing on the need to return to a bipartisan con- oversight responsibilities very seri- January 8, Ambassador Albright dem- sensus on American foreign policy. In ously. I pray that over time, my con- onstrated a profound understanding of fact, Mr. President, if I were asked cerns that we are in store for 4 more the foreign policy issues confronting what is the single-most important for- years of an ad hoc foreign policy will the United States as we prepare to eign policy issue facing this country prove to be unfounded. Ambassador enter the 21st century. In her opening today, I would say getting the Congress Albright is an honorable, committed, statement on that day, she laid out and the legislative branch to work to- and distinguished public official. She is very effectively, in my view, and suc- gether. I think that is No. 1. Every eminently well qualified to be our 63d cinctly why all Americans should care other issue you can mention is obvi- Secretary of State. It is a privilege to about foreign policy. I would like to ously important, but unless we figure be able to cast the historic vote for the quote her: out a way to return to a time when first woman to be nominated for this Do not doubt,— there was comity in the foreign policy office. As a member of the Foreign Re- Speaking of foreign policy interests. agenda, it is going to be very difficult lations Committee, I look forward to Those interests are not geopolitical abstrac- to deal with any foreign policy issue. working with her in the future to pro- tions, they are real. I happen to think Ambassador tect America’s interests abroad. It matters to our children whether they Albright is eminently qualified because Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I have a grow up in a world where the dangers posed she knows all of this so well. We have by weapons of mass destruction have been housekeeping matter and ask unani- dealt with her, we know of her and her minimized or allowed to run out of control. competence, and we have confidence in mous consent that the time not be It matters to our families whether illegal charged to either side. her. That is a very important step in drugs continue to pour into our neighbor- allowing us to work together on behalf The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without hoods from overseas. objection, it is so ordered. It matters to Americans who travel abroad of shared goals. I’ve heard my chair- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask for or go about their daily business at home man speak about this subject matter the yeas and nays on the nomination. whether the scourge of international ter- and I have a great deal of confidence The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a rorism is reduced. that we are going to have great success It matters to our workers and business under his leadership and the leadership sufficient second? people whether they will be unfairly forced There is a sufficient second. of Ambassador Albright in that regard. to compete against companies that violate Madeleine has also worked closely The yeas and nays were ordered. fair labor standards, despoil the environment Mr. HELMS. Second, Mr. President, or gain contracts not through competition with both Chambers over the past 4 following his remarks on the nomina- but corruption. years as the U.S. Permanent Rep- tion, Senator DODD has requested a And it matters to us all whether through resentative to the United Nations. She couple of minutes in morning business. inattention or indifference, we allow small has been a voice of wisdom and reason I ask unanimous consent that that be wars to grow into large ones that put our at the United Nations during the granted and not charged to either side. safety and freedom at risk. course of the many debates that have The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. President, I believe that summa- occurred there—on Bosnia, on Iraq, on objection, it is so ordered. rizes very well why what happens out- Haiti, on Cuba, and on the need for in- Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I ask for 10 side of our borders is important to each stitutional reform within that inter- minutes. and every American. national body. Mr. BIDEN. How much time does the I know that time is limited and many Why has Madeleine been so effective minority control? of my colleagues wish to speak on this at representing U.S. interests? Perhaps

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S606 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 because her own life story, which may history, to be America’s voice abroad. I countries have not met. Senator Brown not be well known to many people, is am confident that she will be a superb and I wrote to the President urging the epitome of what makes this coun- Secretary of State and I urge all to that he invite them to the Oval Office. try great. join me in supporting her nomination. I mention that only as an illustra- Becoming the U.S. Ambassador to I thank our colleague from Delaware tion of what I am hopeful Secretary of the United Nations was something of a and our chairman for moving this State Albright will activate on U.S. homecoming for Ambassador Albright. along. This is the way we ought to be policy. She had, after all, been at the United able to do business around here. I com- I think it is important for the United Nations once before. Madeleine first mend him and thank the majority lead- States to remain active internation- came to the United States in 1948, at er, as well. ally. She has an extraordinary back- the age of 11, when her father was ap- Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I have ground having been born in Czecho- pointed as the Czech Ambassador to sought recognition today principally to slovakia and having come to this coun- the United Nations. lend my support to the nomination of try at the age of 11, and is also known Little did her family realize at that the Honorable Madeleine Albright to be to be fluent in four languages. time that their stay in the United Secretary of State. So I am pleased to lend my support States would be more than the usual It is a historic and fitting occasion to her nomination today. ambassadorial rotation. Soon after that this will be the first vote in the Ms. MIKULSKI addressed the Chair. their arrival, the free Czechoslovakia U.S. Senate in the 105th Congress. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- they had left behind was under the grip have come to know Ambassador ator from Maryland. of totalitarian rule. It had fallen to the Albright in her work at the United Na- Ms. MIKULSKI. I thank the Chair. dictatorship of communism. tions, and have a very high regard for Today, indeed, is a historic day. We I happen to know about that so well, her competency. And I am pleased that gather on the Senate floor to be pre- because during that very brief time the President has made this historic sented both to ourselves and the Amer- when Czechoslovakia was a free gov- appointment because she is the first ican people the nomination of Dr. Mad- ernment, my father was fortunate to woman who will have this very impor- eleine Albright to be Secretary of receive the Order of the White Lion, tant position. State—Madeleine Albright, the very which was the highest honor that She has an extraordinary record in first woman to be nominated Secretary Czechoslovakia could give to a non- academia: president of the Center for of State; Madeleine Albright, the very Czech, at the end of World War II. We National Policy; a professor of inter- first refugee to be nominated Secretary still prize it as one of my father’s most national affairs at Georgetown Univer- of State. memorable moments in his life. So sity; a senior fellow in Soviet and East- What a wonderful, historic oppor- from that relationship, my family got ern European affairs at the Center for tunity we have to confirm her nomina- to know Madeleine’s family. Strategic and International Studies; tion and to make history as well as to It is perhaps because of these unique served on the National Security Coun- help carry out President Bill Clinton’s personal experiences that Ambassador cil staff; has excellent academic cre- foreign policy, to make the world a Albright has been such an effective dentials from Wellesley; also a masters better and safer place. U.S. spokesperson at the United Na- and doctorate from Columbia Univer- I know Dr. Albright well. We have tions. Whatever the topic, Madeleine is sity; and, perhaps most importantly is been friends and colleagues for many able to speak out passionately—from a graduate of the Senate family, hav- years, and I am so enthusiastic about the heart—about the importance of de- ing served as chief legislative assistant her nomination because of her skills, mocracy and respect for human rights to Senator Edmund Muskie. her experience, her character, her val- across the globe. I had occasion to work with Ambas- ues. She is a woman of honor, integrity Even before going to the United Na- sador Albright on a number of matters. and extraordinary patriotism. tions, Ambassador Albright already One of the most important was work- As President Clinton was making his had a distinguished career of public ing with her on the War Crimes Tri- decision, I called him. I called him to service and academic achievement. She bunal, where the United States has urge that he consider Dr. Albright. I is a graduate of Wellesley College and played an active role in bringing to jus- said there are three important reasons Columbia University. She was a fellow tice the international criminals from why I felt Madeleine Albright is the at both the Woodrow Wilson Center Bosnia and Rwanda. She accompanied best person to serve as Secretary of and the Center for Strategic and Inter- me in a meeting which I had several State in this new millennium. First, national Studies. As I mentioned ear- years ago with then Secretary General she is a woman of great competence in lier, she was a professor of inter- of the United Nations, Boutros the area of foreign policy and dem- national relations at Georgetown Uni- Boutros-Ghali, and there has been real- onstrated skills in that area as our versity and president of the Center for ly good cooperation from the U.S. Gov- Ambassador to the United Nations. National Policy. ernment on that important matter. I Second, her remarkable personal his- Her public service is equally distin- have had an occasion to visit the War tory is the story of America. guished—as a staff member to the late Crimes Tribunal on two occasions; to And third, she has a great and un- Senator Edmund Muskie, then as a visit with our staff there, and also the usual ability to communicate our for- member of the National Security Coun- judges. She has played a very impor- eign policy to the American people and cil in the Carter administration and tant role in promoting the War Crimes to the world. most recently Ambassador to the Tribunal. First, she would bring great com- United Nations. Mr. President, I be- It is my hope that Secretary of State petency and experience to the post. lieve the same qualities that made her Albright will pursue an activist foreign Foreign policy is her life’s work and so effective in these positions will policy and will lend the prestige and her life’s passion. In addition to her make her particularly effective as the the power of the United States to solve dazzling intellectual ability and schol- next Secretary of State. complex international problems, one arship, Ambassador Albright has diplo- Heads of state and foreign ministries which I refer to—and only one for the matic skills and the understanding of around the globe already know that brevity of time—which involves the ef- what this new world order is all about. our next Secretary of State is highly forts to bring conciliation between the She has a proven record. As our Am- respected in the United States and Governments of India and Pakistan. bassador to the United Nations, she internationally and that she can go toe About a year and a half ago Senator showed brains and backbone asserting to toe with the most seasoned dip- Brown and I were traveling in India U.S. policy. We do not need to question lomats and foreign leaders. But, they and met with Prime Minister Gowda, whether she can deal with China, dif- should also know that she has the full who commented about his interest in ferent cultures or with dictators. She confidence of both the President and having the subcontinent nuclear free. has already done it. She is respected by the U.S. Congress. We then discussed the matter with our allies and by our foes. She has Mr. President, Madeleine Albright is Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in proven that she is firm, fair, and tena- uniquely qualified, at this moment in Pakistan. The ministers of those two cious.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S607 For the past 4 years, she has defended China. And after paying billions of dol- distinguished nominee on this mile- our values and interests at the United lars to win the cold war, many Ameri- stone. Nations, and she has done more to cans wonder why we must continue Ambassador Albright came to the bring fiscal responsibility to the that burden of leadership. United States at the age of 11, having United Nations. She stood up to dic- We cannot solve every problem in the experienced herself the realities of this tators and stood by our friends. world and we should not try. But we hundred years’ war. Most recently she As Secretary of State, Ambassador must act where we can make a dif- comes to us from Turtle Bay, NY, Albright will do something else. She ference, where American values and in- where she has served as our Permanent will bring a story of America to people terests are at stake. With Dr. Mad- Representative to the United Nations. from the old world order as well as the eleine Albright as Secretary of State, As the only Ambassador-Senator, and new and emerging one. I discussed with we will continue to have a foreign pol- having served in the same post at the President Clinton her personal story, icy that reflects our values, that serves United Nations, I feel it incumbent that she is the daughter of the last our interests, in consultation with upon me to inform my colleagues that Ambassador from a free Czecho- Congress, and with mobilized American for her to have endured 4 years of slovakia until the end of the cold war. support. mind-numbing addresses at the United While her father was in this country, Mr. President, let me conclude by Nations is no small feat. Czechoslovakia fell to a dictatorship. saying this. There is an added bonus to As Ambassador, she has earned the He defected so that he could serve Dr. Madeleine Albright’s nomination. respect of many. Not the least of which Czechoslovakia by being a good Amer- The Senate is about to confirm this are the editors of the New Republic who ican and by being a spokesman in this highest ranking woman in American wrote in a December 30, 1996, editorial: area. She comes from a history and history. As the first woman elected by The good news about Albright, in sum, is tradition where patriots are willing to my own party to serve in her own that she is a creature of the twentieth cen- make sacrifices. She knows what it right, and as the senior woman in the tury. For this reason, she understands how means to lose a home to dictatorship Senate, I must say this is truly a his- appallingly similar to this century the next and therefore she reaches out to others toric occasion. This is a moment for all century is likely to be. A person whose pri- who experience the same pain. She will of us to take pride in, in the oppor- mal scene was Nazism and then Stalinism is understand those who labor tirelessly tunity and fairness of our country. not likely to get drunk on talk of a new mil- lennium. She is likely to know, rather, that in exile to reclaim their freedom, and Mr. President, the American people evil is never permanently retired, and cer- will support them. will not have to worry about Madeleine tainly not by technological change. Albright And, as new immigrants, Madeleine Albright’s service. When she was nomi- recognized early that the most pressing Albright and her family used America’s nated, she said this to her daughters, order of business for Clinton’s foreign policy great opportunity structure so they ‘‘When you were little girls I often used in its first term was not protectionism, it could rebuild their lives, based on op- to worry where you were and what you was genocide. And a person whose primal portunity, merit, and hard work. are doing. Now you will wonder where scene was not Vietnam will know that there Where else in the world could a refugee your mother is and what she is doing.’’ is only one way to stop genocide, and this is the harsh, airborne way. rise to become the highest ranking But, you know, the American people woman in our history? will not have to worry. Whether it is in As I said at the beginning of my re- She has also been involved in the so- Cyprus, Singapore, China, she will be marks, we find ourselves at the end of cial movements of our time, whether defending American values and inter- a century of conflict. We began the the civil rights movement or the wom- ests. She will be one of the best Secre- century trying to stay out of the af- en’s movement, or those social move- taries of State we have ever had. fairs of Europe. That lasted only ments that help create a democracy. Mr. President, that concludes my re- through Wilson’s first term. Now we The world is not just transformed by marks. I would like to extend my ap- end the century having played a piv- treaty and law, but cultural and social preciation to the chairman of the For- otal role in the events which shaped it. transformations often occur through eign Relations Committee for the way This is an occasion on which we recall democratic social movements, institu- he conducted the hearing and the nom- the great hopes that Franklin D. Roo- tionalized in a positive way. And ination process, with the fairness and sevelt had for the United Nations. We Albright will do that. civility and the expeditious way he can now use the fruit of our century- As a child whose family fled from Eu- does it. long labors, most importantly the rope as the Iron Curtain was raised and I, and I know Dr. Albright and her United Nations Charter, to realize the slammed down on the people of Central entire family who support her, appre- hopes of Roosevelt, Truman, Marshall, Europe, she stood up. She knows what ciate the courtesy and expeditious na- and Acheson. this is all about. As a member of an im- ture in which the distinguished Sen- Nowhere is the importance of the migrant family making a start in a ator from North Carolina has dealt Charter more pronounced than in Bos- new country, she will work to ensure with this. nia. I have spoken in this chamber that our foreign aid is used to foster I yield the floor. many times on the subject of Bosnia opportunity around the world. Mr. HELMS. I thank the Senator. and Herzegovina. Had we invoked the Mr. President, the third reason Am- Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, I am charter early in the conflict and its bassador Albright will be an extraor- pleased to rise in support of the nomi- provision for demonstrations under ar- dinary Secretary of State is she has an nation of Madeleine K. Albright to be ticle 42, by ‘‘air, sea, or land forces, [to] unusual talent for communication. She Secretary of State. We stand at the end restore international peace and secu- has already demonstrated her capacity of a century of European conflict: two rity,’’ much of the genocide that fol- to articulate the President’s policy and world wars followed by a cold war. In lowed could have been prevented. We agenda, not only to the world, but also the wake of this hundred years’ war it had the tools, but waited too long to to the American people. She will en- is hugely important that the President use them. able people to understand our Amer- has nominated a woman, born in Eu- The Bosnian conflict is far from over. ican policies. This is essential to mobi- rope amidst this turmoil, to be his Sec- Though the Dayton agreement and lize support for these policies, both at retary of State to lead us into the next NATO forces have achieved relative home and abroad. Even if our policies century. stability over the past 13 months, there are not supported, they should be un- The first point I would like to make, are still many important issues to be derstood and respected. No one does a a point that deserves to be stressed by resolved. better job of explaining American for- every Senator, is that when Ambas- None is more important, or pressing, eign policy to the American people sador Albright is confirmed, she will then the work of the International than Madeleine Albright. Most people become the 64th Secretary of State, Criminal Tribunal. Today 75 persons are understandably concerned about and the first woman ever to hold that have been indicted for war crimes. It is their jobs, their children, their secu- office. No woman has ever held a high- appalling to report that 68 of them re- rity. It is a lot to ask them to focus on er office in the executive branch. I con- main at large. Not because they cannot Bosnia, Haiti, Chechnya, human rights, gratulate both the President and his be found, but because pressure has not

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 been brought to bear on countries to between Greece and Turkey over Cy- provide the strong leadership necessary deliver indicted war criminals to The prus, finding a lasting political solu- make the post-cold-war era one of op- Hague. tion to the problems of the Korean Pe- portunity, cooperation, and American This is an issue that cannot afford ninsula, and securing the peace in Bos- leadership. It is my honor to support delay. I would ask the Secretary-des- nia and Herzegovina and bringing the Madeleine Albright for the position of ignate to seek to address this impor- young men and women of the United U.S. Secretary of State. tant problem at the earliest possible States armed services home safely. Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I rise to date. She has made such a pledge dur- With all of the changes of the last voice my strong reservations about the ing her testimony before the Foreign decade, one might view the world as administration’s foreign policies as we Relations Committee and I look for- unstable. In fact, facing such a list of debate the confirmation of Ambassador ward to working with her to achieve daunting tasks, one might consider Madeleine Albright as Secretary of these goals. these challenges insurmountable. I State. I say this with the deepest respect for view them as an opportunity. Following President Clinton’s direc- Ambassador Albright, who, having With strong leadership, and clearly tion, Ambassador Albright signed the spent 4 years at the United Nations, is defined and consistent international United Nations Rights of the Child keenly aware of the importance of policies, the post-cold-war era could be Convention, a document which I be- these issues. I wish her well on her his- one of even greater American pros- lieve is seriously flawed. As a nation, toric appointment. perity. I believe Madeleine Albright, as we hold our children dear. We have es- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I be- Secretary of State, will provide such tablished laws on a national level and lieve that most Americans realize the leadership. local levels to adequately protect our world in which we live has changed Madeleine Albright spent 2 years children and the rights of our families. dramatically over the last decade. The working here, in the U.S. Senate, when The idea that a foreign state or an world which had been divided into two she served as chief legislative assistant international federation knows better hostile yet stable camps since the end to Senator Muskie from 1976 to 1978. than we how to raise our children is ab- of World War II entered a new era when Her intelligence and competence were horrent to our very essence. the Soviet Union ceased to exist. When recognized when, in 1978, she moved to We have engaged in diplomatic and the Berlin Wall fell the divide between the National Security Council and the physical conflict with other nations the East and West did as well, and we White House to handle foreign policy throughout our entire history over just entered a new era. legislation. Many foreign policy profes- such an issue. The root of all auto- Today, democracy is spreading sionals might consider being on the Na- cratic regimes has been that the state around the globe and our international tional Security Council the pinnacle of knows best. We cannot, we must not priorities which once focused on stra- a career, but Madeleine Albright was let that idea insinuate itself into how tegic arms reduction treaties can now just getting started. In 1981 she was we conduct ourselves as a nation. I am focus on other issues such as improving awarded a fellowship at the Woodrow concerned that Ambassador Albright relations with democratic countries in Wilson International Center for Schol- through her vote in the United Na- South America, Asia, and Eastern Eu- ars at the Smithsonian. She became a tions, may have done just that. rope that have burgeoning market professor of international affairs, and Her support of policies which have economies. the director of the women in foreign come dangerously close to relin- These tremendous changes, however, service program at the School of For- quishing command of our own troops to come hand in hand with new chal- eign Service at Georgetown. She served United Nations commanders who may lenges. Fighting international ter- as president of the Center for National or may not share the democratic ethic rorism and crime is important to law Policy. In 1993, she was appointed U.S. of our command authority concerned abiding citizens everywhere. Fighting Representative to the United Nations, me in the past and concerns me today. international drug traffickers is of par- and made a member of President Clin- The rules under which our troops ticular importance to the citizens of ton’s Cabinet. conduct themselves while assigned to New Mexico since approximately 70 Madeleine Albright is living proof of duties with the United Nations places percent of all illegal drugs entering the the American dream. Having fled them under extraordinary pressure. United States comes across our south- Czechoslovakia and both the Nazis and Our soldiers are required to make judg- ern border with Mexico. Communists, Madeleine Albright came ments as to appropriateness of orders Helping Russia emerge as a stable de- to the United States, studied hard, received by U.N. authorities not only mocracy with a growing economy is, worked hard, and has now been nomi- as to their legality but as to whether also, very important. A strong, demo- nated for the office of United States the commands are in concert with cratic Russia would be a stabilizing in- Secretary of State. Madeleine United States policy. We should never fluence in Asia and could help prevent Albright, once a persecuted immigrant, place them in such a position, ever. the proliferation of weapons of mass is now the first women in United Currently, if the policy of the United destruction. In fact, the Los Alamos States history to be nominated to the States comes into conflict with U.N. National Laboratory in New Mexico is highest office in the State Department. orders, it becomes incumbent upon the already working with Russia to safe- Not since Margaret Thatcher governed individual soldier to recognize the con- guard its nuclear weapons and ensure Britain has a woman occupied a posi- flict and make the proper choice as to that nuclear materials do not fall into tion on such a scale of international in- whether to follow the order or not. Re- the wrong hands. fluence. As Secretary of State, Mad- cently though, to complicate that sol- Another important challenge is help- eleine Albright will negotiate with the dier’s responsibility further, U.S. pol- ing China emerge as a peaceful, respon- world’s most powerful leaders. icy shifts have occurred during ongoing sible world power. A friendly China Mr. President, Madeleine Albright operations; peacekeeping mutating to with its strong economic growth, huge has done a superb job as Ambassador to nation building, embargo enforcement population, and vast resources would the United Nations. She has worked to un-enforced. Ambassador Albright be both a valuable partner in trade and make the United Nations more effi- must not let this happen on her watch. a valuable ally in Asia. An aggressive cient and more responsive to U.S. in- As Secretary of State, Ambassador China, however, could become a desta- terests. She prevailed in urging the Albright will be responsible for direct- bilizing influence in a region that is NATO bombing in Bosnia, which she ing and implementing our foreign pol- vital to our national interests. argues eventually led to the Dayton icy. I hope that if our stated policy for The United States faces a number of Peace Accord last year. She condemned instance, is to impose an arms embargo other important international chal- Cuba when it shot down two unarmed on a war torn region that she would lenges. Among them are: arriving at an civilian airplanes over international neither tacitly approve nor be a part of agreeable method to allow Eastern Eu- air space. She has fought for the free- a plan to approve the introduction of ropean and central Asian countries to dom and the rights of people around inflammatory religious extremists and join the North Atlantic Treaty Organi- the world. For these reasons and oth- the weapons they chose to introduce zation [NATO], resolving the dispute ers, I believe Madeleine Albright will into the region while hiding that fact

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S609 from this body, the rest of the Congress SECRETARIES OF STATE 1789–1977—Continued national Studies. Prior to her appoint- or the American people. ment to the U.N. post, Ambassador As Secretary of State she must real- Name When appointed President Albright was president of the Center ize that the sovereignty of the United Do ...... Mar. 4, 1837 ..... Martin Van Buren. for National Policy, a nonprofit re- 14. Daniel Webster ...... Mar. 5, 1841 ..... William H. Harrison. States can never be made secondary to Do ...... Apr. 6, 1841 ...... John Tyler. search institution. any country, entity or organization. 15. Abel P. Upshur ...... July 24, 1843 ..... Do. By any measure, the job of U.S. Am- Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, it is a 16. John C. Calhoun ...... Mar. 6, 1844 ..... Do. 17. James Buchanan ...... Mar. 6, 1845 ..... James K. Polk. bassador to the United Nations is a special honor for all of us who know 18. John M. Clayton ...... Mar. 7, 1849 ..... Zachary Taylor. most demanding one and Ambassador 19. Daniel Webster ...... July 22, 1850 ..... Millard Fillmore. and respect Madeleine Albright to vote 20. Edward Everett ...... Nov. 6, 1852 ...... Do. Albright handled it with great skill, for her confirmation as Secretary of 21. William L. Marcy ...... Mar. 7, 1853 ..... Franklin Pierce. earning praise from across the political 22. Lewis Cass ...... Mar. 6, 1857 ..... James Buchanan. State. This is an historic moment for 23. Jeremiah S. Black ...... Dec. 17, 1860 .... Do. spectrum. During Ambassador the country, and I know that she will 24. William H. Seward ...... Mar. 5, 1861 ..... Abraham Lincoln. Albright’s tenure at the United Na- Do ...... Mar. 4, 1865 ..... Do. serve with great distinction as the first Do ...... Apr. 15, 1865 .... Andrew Johnson. tions, I had the pleasure of working woman in our history to hold that high 25. Elihu B. Washburne ... Mar. 5, 1869 ..... Ulysses S. Grant. with her to promote the establishment 26. Hamilton Fish ...... Mar. 11, 1869 ... Do. office. Do ...... Mar. 17, 1873 ... Do. of an inspector general within the U.N. Over the years, Madeleine Albright 27. William M. Evarts ...... Mar. 12, 1877 ... Rutherford B. Hayes. system. Ambassador Albright worked 28. James G. Blaine ...... Mar. 5, 1881 ..... James A. Garfield. has always been an excellent source of 29. Frederick T. Freling- Dec. 12, 1881 .... Chester A. Arthur. long and hard—and eventually success- wise advice to many of us in Congress huysen. fully—to build a consensus among the 30. Thomas F. Bayard ...... Mar. 6, 1885 ..... Grover Cleveland. on matters of foreign policy. I have al- 31. James G. Blaine ...... Mar. 5, 1889 ..... Benjamin Harrison. member states for this U.S. initiative. ways valued her counsel and respected 32. John W. Foster ...... June 29, 1892 ... Do. The cold war no longer provides the 33. Walter Q. Gresham ..... Mar. 6, 1893 ..... Grover Cleveland. her leadership, and the President’s de- 34. Richard Olney ...... June 8, 1895 ..... Do. overarching architecture for U.S. for- cision to nominate her as Secretary of 35. John Sherman ...... Mar. 5, 1897 ..... William McKinley. eign policy. And I doubt that any simi- 36. William R. Day ...... Apr. 26, 1898 .... Do. State is a well-deserved honor. 37. John Hay ...... Sept. 20, 1898 .. Do. larly comprehensive substitute will In the course of her extraordinary ca- Do ...... Mar. 5, 1901 ..... Do. evolve in the near future. U.S. foreign Do ...... Mar. 6, 1905 ..... Theodore Roosevelt. reer, she has skillfully combined public 38. Elihu Root ...... July 7, 1905 ...... Do. policy now has several more or less service and academic pursuits, and 39. Robert Bacon ...... Jan. 27, 1909 .... Do. 40. Philander C. Knox ...... Mar. 5, 1909 ..... William H. Taft. equal priority objectives. Balancing these abilities make her especially 41. William Jennings Mar. 5, 1913 ..... Woodrow Wilson. these objectives one against the other well-suited for the challenges she will Bryan. 42. Robert Lansing ...... June 23, 1915 ... Do. and moving them all forward in today’s face as Secretary of State. Many of us 43. Bainbridge Colby ...... Mar. 22, 1920 ... Do. complex international environment is first came to know her when she was 44. Charles Evans Hughes Mar. 4, 1921 ..... Warren G. Harding. Do ...... Calvin Coolidge. a challenging task. I am confident that an able assistant to our former col- 45. Frank B. Kellogg ...... Feb. 18, 1925 .... Do. Ambassador Albright has not only the league Senator Edmund Muskie, and 46. Henry Lewis Stimson .. Mar. 5, 1929 ..... Herbert C. Hoover. 47. Cordell Hull ...... Mar. 4, 1933 ..... Franklin D. Roosevelt. intellect to meet this challenge but later as a member of President Carter’s 48. Edward R. Stettinius, Nov. 30, 1944 .... Do. also—and equally importantly—the National Security Council. And all of Jr. 49. James F. Byrnes ...... July 2, 1945 ...... Harry S. Truman. ability to clearly articulate for the us were proud of her brilliant service in 50. George C. Marshall .... Jan. 8, 1947 ...... Do. benefit of the American people the na- recent years as our Ambassador to the 51. Dean G. Acheson ...... Jan. 19, 1949 .... Do. 52. John Foster Dulles ...... Jan. 21, 1953 .... Dwight D. Eisenhower. tional interest involved in the foreign United Nations. 53. Christian A. Herter ..... Apr. 21, 1959 .... Do. policy challenges we face and the Academically, she has served as a 54. Dean Rusk ...... Jan. 21, 1961 .... John F. Kennedy. Do ...... Lyndon B. Johnson. choices we make. senior fellow at the Center for Stra- 55. William P. Rogers ...... Jan. 21, 1969 .... Richard M. Nixon. I am pleased that someone of Mad- tegic and International Studies, as a 56. Henry A. Kissinger ...... Sept. 21, 1973 .. Do. Do ...... Gerald R. Ford. eleine Albright’s character and ability professor at Georgetown’s School of 57. Cyrus Vance ...... Jan. 21, 1977 .... Jimmy Carter. has been chosen, and has agreed, to 58. Edmund S. Muskie ..... May 8, 1980 ...... Do. Foreign Service, and as president of 59. Alexander Meigs Haig, Jan. 22, 1981 .... Ronald Reagan. serve this President and this Nation as the Center for National Policy. Jr. our primary representative to the Her personal history of fleeing Hitler 60. George P. Shultz ...... July 16, 1982 ..... Do. 61. James A. Baker III ...... Jan. 27, 1989 .... George Bush world. I congratulate her on her immi- and Communism as a child from her 62. Lawrence S. Dec. 10, 1992 .... Do. nent confirmation and look forward to home in Czechoslovakia and her rise in Eagleburger. 63. Warren Christopher .... Jan. 22, 1993 .... William J. Clinton. working with her in the future. this country to the position of Sec- 64. Madeleine Korbel Jan. 22, 1997 Do. Ms. LANDRIEU. Mr. President, today retary of State is one of the great Albright. (confirmed by Senate). is indeed a historic milestone for our American success stories of our time Nation. For the majority of this coun- and a vivid symbol that the American Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I have try’s history, a full half of our citizens dream is alive and well in our day and known Madeleine Albright for many were left without the right to vote generation. years and consider her extraordinarily therefore they were left without a I commend her for her nomination, well qualified for the important post of voice, without a collective voice in the and I look forward to working closely Secretary of State. She has the knowl- direction of domestic affairs or inter- with her in the years to come. I ask edge, experience, intelligence, candor, national affairs for our country. unanimous consent that a list of the 64 energy, and strength of will necessary With the passage of the 19th amend- persons who have served as Secretary for this difficult job. I will support her ment in 1920, this flawed policy was of State, including Madeleine Albright, confirmation with enthusiasm. corrected, however since that time be printed in the RECORD. By now most Americans have heard progress and change in this area has There being no objection, the list was the compelling story of Madeleine come, but very slowly. Today we take ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Albright’s family flight from first fas- a great step forward for our country follows: cism, and then communism. After com- and the world in approving the nomina- ing to the United States, Madeleine tion of Secretary of State designee SECRETARIES OF STATE 1789–1977 Albright compiled an impressive aca- Madeleine Albright. Name When appointed President demic resume, including a B.A. from Although there is little controversy Wellesley College and a masters and surrounding our vote today on this 1. Thomas Jefferson ...... Sept. 26, 1789 .. George Washington. Do ...... Mar. 4, 1793 ..... Do. doctorate from Columbia University. confirmation we should take a moment 2. Edmund Randolph ...... Jan. 2, 1794 ...... Do. Her subsequent career has been devoted to note the historical significance of 3. Timothy Pickering ...... Dec. 10, 1795 .... Do. Do ...... Mar. 4, 1797 ..... John Adams. to international affairs and govern- this occasion. 4. John Marshall ...... May 13, 1800 .... Do. ment—from Capitol Hill, to the Na- There was a time not long ago when 5. James Madison ...... Mar. 5, 1801 ..... Thomas Jefferson. Do ...... Mar. 4, 1805 ..... Do. tional Security Council, to the chal- the nomination of any woman regard- 6. Robert Smith ...... Mar. 6, 1809 ..... James Madison. lenging post of United States U.N. Am- less of how qualified or experienced to 7. James Monroe ...... Apr. 2, 1811 ...... Do. Do ...... Feb. 28, 1815 .... Do. bassador. She served as a professor at lead our Nation’s foreign policy would 8. John Quincy Adams ...... Mar. 5, 1817 ..... James Monroe. the Georgetown University’s School of have been at the least controversial, Do ...... Mar. 5, 1821 ..... Do. 9. Henry Clay ...... Mar. 7, 1825 ..... John Quincy Adams. Foreign Service and a scholar at both and at the most unthinkable. Today, 10. Martin Van Buren ...... Mar. 6, 1829 ..... Andrew Jackson. the Smithsonian’s Woodrow Wilson that time is over. 11. Edward Livingston ...... May 24, 1831 .... Do. 12. Louis McLane ...... May 29, 1833 .... Do. International Center for Scholars and Ambassador Albright’s confirmation 13. John Forsyth ...... June 27, 1834 ... Do. the Center for Strategic and Inter- is all but certain in just a few moments

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 with the vote of this Senate. She is a the suffering in regions of greatest hu- In 1993, Ambassador Albright said: tribute to her gender, but it is not to manitarian concern.’’ We have a national security interest in her gender that this accomplishment is There is an obvious and immediate containing and, wherever possible, resolving due, it is through her exemplary career danger to this type of thinking. The re- regional conflicts * * * the cost of runaway in foreign service. ality is there are many problems in the regional conflicts sooner or later comes To be here today on the floor of this world which we simply cannot resolve. home to America. [June 1993.] historic Chamber to cast my first vote In exerting great effort to accomplish Her viewpoint—not unique to this ad- as a U.S. Senator is in itself a exhila- impossible goals we endanger the lives ministration—fundamentally shifts rating experience, but to be able to of our troops, damage U.S. leadership what previous Presidencies defined as a cast that vote for Madeleine Albright and prestige, squander valuable re- national security interest and con- the first woman ever to serve as Sec- sources, and destroy the will of the sequently where the President would retary of State of this great Nation American people to intervene when our use American force. This significant al- makes it even more memorable. own interests are indeed threatened. teration of U.S. interests has the pro- Thank you Mr. President for the op- The first year of the Clinton adminis- found impact of justifying greater and portunity to share these thoughts. tration was dominated by behind the more diverse missions for our troops. Mr. COATS. Mr. President, the occa- scenes effort to develop a document Under the rubric of peace operations, sion of Ambassador Albright’s immi- which would serve as the Clinton pol- U.S. forces have found themselves in nent confirmation as Secretary of icy initiative on multilateral action. almost every conceivable type mission: State raises some deep concerns re- The consistent theme of this Presi- delivering food and medicine; building garding this administration’s foreign dential Review Directive [PRD–13] was bridges; training police; hunting down policy. to upgrade the U.N.’s military capabili- warlords. While I believe there is much to be ties and to increase—even institu- Colin Powell’s comments in his auto- admired about Ambassador Albright— tionalize—the U.S. involvement with biography further illustrate Madeleine she has a reputation as a frank and U.N. peacekeeping operations. Albright’s thinking. He describes a forthright speaker, who is able to ar- Ambassador Albright’s comments re- meeting at the White House when she ticulate forcibly her views—I have deep veal the lines that PRD–13 would fol- asked him ‘‘What’s the point of having reservations about what I believe is her low. this superb military you’re always flawed philosophy of the role of U.S. We favor substantial enlargement and re- talking about if we can’t use it?’’ forces in the conduct foreign policy. organization of the peacekeeping head- The practical effects of this doctrine As our U.N. Ambassador over the last quarters staff and the creation of a perma- have led to our military involvement 4 years, Mrs. Albright has consistently nent foundation for rapid 24-hour commu- in Haiti, Bosnia, Central Africa, and articulated an alarming vision of post- nication, intelligence, lift, recruitment, other areas only peripherally in our in- cold-war foreign policy. It is one which training, and the full spectrum of in-theater terests. designates the United Nations as the logistical support. What I fear Ambassador Albright has world’s guarantor of peace and in so Clinton’s foreign policy team sought yet to understand is that there are se- doing seeks to subjugate United States’ to expand the United Nations to a sort rious costs to using force when our interests to this world body. of global police force and equip it to In June 1993, she articulated the con- carry out effectively this unrealistic vital interests are not at issue. None of cept of assertive multilateralism as a job. The draft document included a these interventions carried out or con- way of responding to internal political rapid expansion of U.N. military capa- templated by the Clinton administra- and economic turmoil, defiant regimes, bility as well as the idea of putting tion were in our security interests. And and failed societies in countries around U.S. forces under U.N. command. This yet, great numbers of troops have the globe. elevated peacekeeping philosophy is il- risked their lives and we have spent The United States would act pri- lustrated by events in Somalia. billions of dollars. marily as a part of the United Nations During President Clinton’s first year, In Somalia, our forces left, humili- to respond to crises throughout the he turned over the Bush limited food- ated and at great cost, with the tur- world. delivery mission in Somalia to the moil on the ground basically un- Fundamental to this premise is the United Nations. Over the next few changed. In Haiti, we intervened to re- belief that every conflict, every dis- months, United States troops were store democracy but prospects for its aster will eventually impact the United used to hunt down Somali warlord survival are very much in question, de- States and is therefore in our interests Aideed and participate in what became spite our military contribution of $1.2 to intervene, militarily, to intervene. known as ‘‘nation-building’’ activities billion. After 2 years of gradual esca- The United Nations as the instru- in order to—in Madeleine Albright’s lation of United States intervention in ment of this collective security calls words—‘‘promote democracy in that Bosnia, the President committed 20,000 the shots and the United States re- strife-torn nation.’’ Ultimately 18 U.S. of our forces to serve a year to enforce sponds by sending troops. The United Rangers were killed by Aideed’s men. a separation between the warring fac- States participating with other nations The last American soldiers left Soma- tions. U.S. troops now extended for 18 would be able to right the wrongs in lia in March 1994—100,000 troops were months have the task of ensuring that the world. This is faulty in concept and sent to Somalia; 30 died and 175 were civilian reconstruction proceeds. No dangerous in execution. wounded and at a cost of $1.5 billion. one knows what will happen in Bosnia Consider some of the statements she Since our departure, fighting erupted once our troops are removed. has made: and today Somalia is no more better The military has borne great expense Our goal is to foster the development of a off for our misguided nation-building because of these missions. And in an community capable of easing, if not termi- experience. era of declining military budgets, there nating, the abominable injustices and condi- The tragedy of losing United States is a growing anxiety about our capa- tions that still plague civilization, because troops in Somalia forced the adminis- bility to deal with future national se- only in such a community can America tration to back away from some of the curity threats. Last year military tes- flourish. timony before the Armed Services We are also facing increased ethnic and aims of PRD–13. PRD–13, when finally subnational violence. Wherever we turn, signed as PDD–25, had undergone a Committee revealed serious strains in someone is fighting or threatening someone number of changes. Madeleine Albright our military planning and budgeting. else. These disputes may be far removed now couched the document in terms of The President’s proposed budget for from our borders but in today’s global envi- fixing U.N. peacekeeping not expanding defense was $10 billion lower than what ronment, chaos is an infectious disease. it. But the underlying premise of the was appropriated the previous year. The role of the United States is then policy still had not changed: greater And yet testimony after testimony by to ‘‘reform or isolate the rogue states emphasis on the United Nations for re- the CINC’s and Service Chiefs indicated that act to undermine the stability and solving conflict. In justifying use of strong concerns with levels of spend- prosperity of the larger community force there was a shift in definition of ing. Readiness, modernization, quality and * * * to contain the chaos and ease national security interest. of life were all areas needing focus and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S611 funding. The services altogether indi- She did it as a member of President mund Muskie when he was a senior cated their desire for more than $15 bil- Carter’s National Security Council, as member of the Foreign Relations Com- lion in increases. a noted scholar and professor at mittee. Then after serving on the staff While the administration has failed Georgetown University, as the presi- of the National Security Council in the to provide adequately for our defense dent of the Center for National Policy, Carter administration, she worked for needs, it continues to deploy our troops and—most recently—as America’s Per- over a decade as professor at George- in more and more missions around the manent Representative to the United town University and in various centers world. In recent years our forces have Nations. for public policy research. been seriously overextended. We are As in all her other work, Madeleine Since 1992, Madeleine Albright has asking our forces to do more but have Albright brought energy and vitality served ably as the U.S. Ambassador to drastically cut force structure by 30 to the job of U.S. Ambassador to the the United Nations and has been a for- percent. General Reimer, the Army United Nations. And her plain spoken mal member of the President’s Cabi- Chief of Staff, testified that require- determination helped restore democ- net. This is a rare recognition granted ments on the Army have risen 300 per- racy in Haiti, prosecute war criminals to a U.N. Ambassador, and she was the cent. Today, more than 41,000 U.S. sol- in the former Yugoslavia, and make first U.N. Ambassador to serve in this diers are deployed on nearly 1,700 mis- headway in achieving a comprehensive role since Ambassador Jeanne Kirk- sions in 60 countries. nuclear test ban. She also led the patrick in the first Reagan administra- And while the President failed to pro- charge to achieve much needed reforms tion. vide adequately for the military—to in the United Nations—by advocating At the United Nations, Ambassador Albright became known and respected meet their current and future lower budgets, more accountability, as a fierce defender of American inter- warfighting needs—he requested a sep- and a streamlined bureaucracy. arate budget for contingency oper- Madeleine Albright has rightly ob- ests and values. She took the adminis- ations—a clear indication that the served that the United States is the tration’s lead role 1 year ago in de- nouncing Cuba’s unprovoked murder of trend toward greater peacekeeping world’s indispensable nation. But I two American pilots who were flying missions will continue. would add that she herself has been an unarmed civilian aircraft over inter- I am deeply concerned that the grow- indispensable part of the foreign policy national waters near Cuba. She empha- ing use of our forces in areas of periph- achievements of the Clinton adminis- sized the importance of this outrageous eral interest will have a long lasting tration over the past 4 years and she act of cowardice by Fidel Castro’s to- and detrimental impact on our mili- will continue to be in the years to talitarian government with character- tary—and ultimately on the ability of come. istically direct language that helped the United States to protect our vital Finally, Mr. President, I look for- interests. The views of Ambassador focus the attention of the world. ward to working with Secretary She also worked diligently—and suc- Albright confirm her belief in using Albright on an issue that I have long cessfully—in maintaining comprehen- troops in this way. While the Armed championed—ending abusive and ex- sive economic sanctions on the repres- Services Committee can take steps to ploitative child labor around the world. sive regime of Iraqi President Saddam provide our forces with the funding I hope that she will use the office of Hussein. Despite the call by some na- they need, there is little we can do to the Secretary of State to focus atten- tions of the world to lift those sanc- reign in how our troops are being used. tion on this deplorable practice as she tions, she has succeeded in keeping these essential foreign policy decisions meets with leaders in government and them in place until the Government of are made by the President, who is both commerce around the world. Working Iraq ends its threats to its neighbors, Chief Executive and Commander in together, I know that we can finally shows greater respect for the human Chief. It is my fervent hope that ex- end the curse of child labor. rights of its own people, and totally traordinary caution and wise delibera- Mr. President, I believe that Mad- dismantles all weapons of mass produc- tion will be exercised during the next 4 eleine Albright is an excellent choice tion programs. These actions are called years in determining how to use Amer- to become our Nation’s top diplomat for not only in a series of Security ican forces to further the foreign policy and I am proud to cast my vote in sup- Council resolutions enacted at the end goals of this administration. port of her nomination. of the 1991 gulf war, but also in obliga- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I rise in Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I would tions Iraq itself accepted in the cease strong support of the nomination of like to join my colleagues on both sides fire agreement that ended that war. Madeleine Albright to become our Na- of the aisle in supporting the confirma- Most recently, Ambassador Albright tion’s 64th Secretary of State. I have tion of Ambassador Madeleine Albright insisted on the replacement of U.N. been privileged to know and work with to be our Nation’s 63d Secretary of Secretary Gen. Boutros Boutros-Ghali Ambassador Albright for nearly two State. because of his inadequate attention to decades and I am confident that she Many have commented on the his- necessary reform of the U.N. system. will be a determined, effective voice for toric nature of Ambassador Albright’s She refused to bow to pressure from American interests as we face the for- nomination to be the first woman Sec- other countries—on the first Security eign policy challenges of the 21st cen- retary of State, the highest ranking of Council vote on this issue the United tury. all Cabinet officers. But this would be States was opposed 14 to 1—and in- This is a historic nomination. With just one more of a long history of sisted on the election of a new reform- this vote, Madeleine Albright will be- ground-breaking roles in Madeleine minded Secretary General as a matter come the Nation’s first woman to hold Albright’s distinguished career. of principle. With the recent successful the office of Secretary of State. But For instance, over the past 4 years, election of the new U.N. Secretary Gen. it’s clear that this nomination was not she has been the only woman serving Kofi Annan, there now is an oppor- based on gender—but on qualifications. as a U.N. Ambassador on the Security tunity for revitalizing this important Madeleine Albright has been an out- Council. In the first Clinton adminis- international institution and restoring standing leader for America and an tration, she was the only woman to a bipartisan consensus on the United outspoken advocate for freedom. serve in a national security capacity Nations in the Congress and among the Today Madeleine Albright steps out on the President’s Cabinet. She was American people. in front and breaks a longstanding bar- also the first woman to serve as the top As shown in just these few examples, rier. But that’s no surprise because she foreign policy advisor to a Presidential Madeleine Albright is a strong advo- has made a life of doing just that. candidate, a role she served in 1988 to cate for U.S. foreign policy and is more From the time her family broke from Gov. Michael Dukakis. than willing to take the tough and the barriers of totalitarianism in Ambassador Albright will bring a su- principled stands. It is my hope that Czechoslovakia and the brutal grip of perb background to the job of Sec- she will help to restore American lead- Hitler and Stalin, Madeleine Albright retary of State. I would note that she ership and assertiveness in the inter- has dedicated her life to spreading free- began her rise in the foreign policy national community. dom and promoting international un- field as the top foreign affairs advisor In addition to her strong qualifica- derstanding. to our former colleague, Senator Ed- tions for the job, Madeleine Albright

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 also brings a compelling personal expe- ity. In the world of international diplo- ment would grow to a staff of approxi- rience and family background to this macy, it is worth noting that two of mately 24,500 with a departmental job. The daughter of a Czech diplomat, the earliest congratulations she re- budget of about $3.9 billion, part of an her family came to the United States ceived for her nomination came from even larger $19.2 billion international as refugees after World War II. In fact, Israeli Foreign Minister David Levy affairs budget. Maintaining the infra- in the preceding years, her family had and Palestinian Liberation Organiza- structure necessary to support 160 em- twice fled the forces of totalitarianism: tion Chairman Yassir Arafat. bassies and 100 consulates worldwide, first escaping the advancing armies of Mr. President, I have had the honor costs this nation over $2 billion a year. Nazi Germany, and again the Iron Cur- and the privilege to become personally The Department buys over $500 million tain’s descent on her homeland of acquainted with Ambassador Albright in goods and services each year and is Czechoslovakia, a country that had over the past 4 years from my position responsible for $12 billion in property. previously had the most vibrant econ- on the Senate Foreign Relations Com- Effectively managing these resources omy and democratic system in central mittee during the 104th Congress, and would be a daunting challenge for any Europe. as a senior member of the House For- Fortune 500 company, but the State During her confirmation hearing, eign Affairs Committee during the 103d Department must do it at the same Ambassador Albright discussed how Congress. While we have occasionally time that it is carrying out its primary her parents instilled in her a deep love disagreed on policy issues, I have al- functions—performing its diplomatic for the United States and the ideals ways found Ambassador Albright to be and foreign policy missions, protecting upon which our Nation was founded. a forceful, effective, and persuasive ad- and assisting American citizens trav- Others have noted Ambassador vocate of administration policies. She eling abroad, and providing the inter- Albright’s strong views on such ques- has a true skill for explaining the pur- agency coordination necessary for con- tions as human rights, democracy, and pose behind American foreign policy, ducting foreign policy in an increas- individual liberty. I have no doubt that and I am certain that she will use that ingly complex and dangerous world. With a multitude of difficult mis- her family’s experiences have contrib- skill to advance U.S. interests through- sions to perform, management prob- uted to her evident devotion to these out the world. lems risk being ignored due to the ex- very American ideals. I would like to again express my sup- igencies of the day. The new Secretary If confirmed by the Senate, Ambas- port for confirming Ambassador Mad- will no doubt be consumed by critical sador Albright will become Secretary eleine Albright to be the 63d Secretary foreign policy issues and crises from Albright and will move to a larger of State. I urge my colleagues to join Bosnia to Korea that will demand a stage for the conduct of American for- with me in approving her nomination great deal of her personal attention. eign policy. Under the Clinton adminis- for this highest of all confirmable exec- However, determining whether tax- tration, the United States has been utive branch posts. payers are getting the best value for searching for a more unified vision and Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, their multibillion dollar international greater consistency in our Nation’s for- while many of my colleagues have al- affairs investment also must be one of ready addressed vital foreign policy eign policy with the end of the cold the Secretary’s highest priorities. war. A number of challenges will im- issues during the consideration of Mad- In times of fiscal austerity, we all mediately confront her, and I hope and eleine Albright to be the next Sec- have to do more with less. I do not ad- expect that she will be able to rise to retary of State, I would like to use this vocate performing critical missions these challenges. opportunity to address some equally ‘‘on the cheap,’’ but we must strive for For example, the international com- vital management issues. I hope to use the most efficient and effective use of munity is watching the rising world the confirmation process to elevate our limited resources. The Government power of China, but for 4 years the management issues that tend to get Performance and Results Act, for ex- Clinton administration has had dif- swept under the carpet during high- ample, can be an effective tool to make ficulty maintaining a consistent for- minded policy debates. When dis- Government work better by measuring eign policy in relation to this increas- cussing policy goals, we must be care- the success or failure of Government ingly important country. Tension be- ful to determine whether these goals programs and using this information to tween the important bilateral interests are affordable and that the resources support budget decisions. of human rights, trade, national secu- spent provide the best value for the The effects of belt tightening are rity, and nonproliferation has too often taxpayers’ investment. painful as is illustrated by the $300 mil- led to confusion and vacillation in our Congress has laid the groundwork for lion backlog in deferred maintenance, Nation’s policies. It is my hope that significant Government management obsolete technology and shrinking base Madeleine Albright will rectify this reforms with the passage of laws such of skilled personnel at the Department weakness by bringing her temperament as the Government Performance and of State. The Congress will no doubt be of toughness and consistency, com- Results Act, which requires agencies to asked to provide more resources to bined with her strong grounding in measure the results of their efforts, the State and in the international affairs long-term strategic thinking. Chief Financial Officers Act, which re- budget to counteract some of these Another challenge awaits U.S. policy quires agencies to shore up their finan- negative effects. On first glance, this in the critically important region of cial recordkeeping, and recently en- seemingly makes sense. However, the the Middle East. There is no doubt that acted information management and spending for State Department oper- recent negotiations between Israel and procurement reforms. These laws apply ating expenses has increased in both the Palestinian Authority have been commonsense approaches to the busi- actual and constant dollars since 1985. difficult, though thankfully last week’s ness of government to reduce ineffi- Therefore, I question whether the De- agreement over the redeployment of ciencies and get real cost savings for partment has done all it can. Has it cut Israeli forces in Hebron shows that the taxpayers. It is questionable whether to the bone and ignored the fat in order peace process remains intact. these new laws will be taken seriously to generate a compelling case before But over the next 2 years, the nego- and fully implemented without exten- Congress for more money? I have to tiations will become even more impor- sive congressional oversight—there are say that I don’t know, and we will not tant and vastly more challenging. It is reports that agencies do not believe know the true story from the Depart- in this period that negotiations over a Congress is serious about the effective ment anytime soon because the de- final status for the Palestinian entity implementation of these laws. I am tailed supporting financial information are supposed to be reached, and the hereby serving notice that they would does not exist. Palestinians’ challenge against Israeli be seriously mistaken in that belief. This is because the State Department sovereignty over Jerusalem must be re- The State Department, which Am- does not have adequate financial and solved. Ambassador Albright has long bassador Albright will head, has served information systems to effectively been acknowledged as a very strong this country admirably since its found- manage and prioritize its programs. In friend of Israel. But she also has devel- ing in 1789. But I wonder if Thomas Jef- the information age, the Government oped a very constructive working rela- ferson, the first Secretary of State, is increasingly dependent on good in- tionship with the Palestinian author- could have imagined that the Depart- formation—and yet this is what we are

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S613 lacking. We need adequate information lenges of the next century. I look for- Of particular interest to me is the upon which to base sound decisions, ward to working with her to achieve promotion of human rights worldwide. otherwise we are making decisions in a those objectives in the coming Con- I strongly believe that the United vacuum. A good first step in developing gress and to effectively implement the States has a moral responsibility to this information would be for the De- bipartisan management reforms passed put human rights at the top of our for- partment to meet its responsibilities by Congress. eign policy agenda. I also believe under the Chief Financial Officers Act Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, today that—although we might disagree on and prepare an audited financial state- the Senate votes to confirm the nomi- the manner in which we should raise ment. nation of Madeleine Albright to be Sec- human rights concerns with other gov- Good financial data relies upon the retary of State. ernments—Ambassador Albright agrees development of effective computer sys- As many others will say today, this with my basic premise here. In my tems. Government computers are cru- is a historic occasion, as the secretary- view, it is incumbent upon U.S. dip- cial to the State Department’s ability designate will soon become the highest lomats to incorporate our views about to meets its foreign policy missions ranking woman ever to serve in the human rights in bilateral discussions and business needs. In recent years, the United States Government. As a mem- on other issues. For example, we have Department has obligated over $300 ber of the Foreign Relations Com- many interests in Indonesia, but we million annually on computer systems. mittee, it was my distinct honor to ap- must never forget that its government Yet, the State Department has had a prove her nomination at the committee continues to sustain a brutal military poor history of managing these sys- level on Monday. And I am honored to occupation of East Timor. Similarly, tems and, as a result, is struggling vote for her again today on the floor of concerns over human rights abuses in with aging computers that do not ade- the Senate. Tibet and over the impending transi- Back in the 1980’s, I had the pleasure quately meet the Department’s needs. tion in Hong Kong must be pillars of of meeting the distinguished nominee This has resulted in critical informa- our many-pronged China policy. tion shortfalls, as well as interruption in Wausau, in my home state of Wis- Ambassador Albright has, in the consin, while I was a member of the of operations. Obviously, the Depart- past, exhibited superior knowledge of Wisconsin State Senate. At the time, I ment needs to do a better job. Legisla- human rights issues and of these other was introduced to her as the future tion Congress passed last year to estab- transnational problems. And, I hope Secretary of State. I have since been lish a Chief Information Officer at the she will guide the Administration to impressed at how she has excelled—in Department of State should help in fo- propose creative solutions to some of domestic politics, as well as in foreign cusing attention on this longstanding these problems. problem. policy—to allow her to achieve this Of particular regional concern to me The Department has yet to change great honor, the nomination to be the is the African continent, which—too President’s chief foreign policy adviser. its business practices to reflect the new often—is left at the end of the priority In more recent days, I have observed information age. In September 1994, the lists of policymakers in this country. State Department launched a Strategic her both in private, and at her con- firmation hearing before the Foreign But Africa—a continent of 48 countries Management Initiative to identify its south of the Sahara—supports a popu- highest priority functions and prod- Relations Committee on January 8 of this year. And I was again impressed at lation of nearly 620 million people. Its ucts, as well as activities which were land mass stretches over one quarter of no longer necessary. However, GAO how articulately and gracefully she re- sponded to questions that literally the Earth’s surface. states that the State Department ‘‘has While we often focus upon areas been reluctant or unable to signifi- spanned the globe. Upon confirmation, Ambassador where crises evolve, as in Liberia or in cantly reduce its overseas presence and Albright will take on a position that, the Great Lakes region, we also must the scope of its activities or to sub- in my view, is one of the most chal- actively support some of the successes stantially change its business prac- lenging positions in public service. On in Africa, such as the stunning transi- tices.’’ I would hope in the future that the one hand, she will have a tremen- tion to majority rule in South Africa, the Department will not continue to dous opportunity to affect world events Eritrean independence, or the fact that conduct business as usual and then because of the leadership role that the more than 30 democratic elections have complain it does not have the resources United States plays in so many con- taken place on the continent since 1989. to fulfill its mission. flicts around the world. But on the The United States can play an impor- The State Department, like many other hand, she will have awesome re- tant role in all these events. other Federal agencies, is confronted sponsibilities. Finally, I wish to note that in addi- by serious management problems that Just a quick glance at the range and tion to Ambassador Albright’s many impede its ability to carry out its mis- scope of the various bureaus at the qualifications in the field of foreign sion efficiently and effectively. GAO State Department remind us that the policy, she also is especially prepared and inspector general reports have job of Secretary of State is far-reach- to work with Members of Congress. She shown that in the past, top level atten- ing. Not only will she be in charge of spent nearly 2 years as the chief legis- tion has not been given to the steward- all the regional and administrative bu- lative assistant to Senator Edmund ship of taxpayer resources. I am en- reaus, but she will also be responsible Muskie, who himself went on to be Sec- couraged by Ambassador Albright’s an- for the Bureau of Democracy, Human retary of State. She understands well swers to my questions during her con- Rights and Labor, the Bureau for Inter- the intent of the Constitution regard- firmation process. She assured us that national Narcotics and Law Enforce- ing the separate responsibilities and she will be very much a hands-on man- ment Affairs, the Bureau for Inter- prerogatives of the legislative and ex- ager and recognizes that the ability to national Organization Affairs, Bureau ecutive branches of our Government. conduct quality foreign policy depends of Oceans and International Scientific This is of particular concern to me upon attacking directly these manage- Affairs and the Bureau of Population, where the deployment of American ment issues. Ambassador Albright stat- Refugees, and Migration. men and women to combat is involved. ed at her confirmation hearing that she This list underscores the fact that I trust Ambassador Albright will take would work with Congress ‘‘to ensure many of the problems that challenge us the advice and consent role of the Sen- that the American public gets full today are ones that belie traditional ate seriously, and will consult fully value for each tax dollar spent’’ and ways of looking at the world through with the Congress in all matters of that she ‘‘is committed to making im- regional, or even strictly political, troop deployment. provements in the Department’s struc- lenses. Increasingly, we are faced with Ambassador Albright never shied ture and operations that will produce a issues that transcend national borders away from speaking frankly with us more efficient and effective use of our and fly in the face of old political alli- and with the American people in her resources.’’ I am hopeful that Ambas- ances. Concerns over drug trafficking, previous capacity as the U.S. perma- sador Albright will provide the leader- refugees, disease, and the environment nent representative to the United Na- ship necessary for the State Depart- have changed the way we define the na- tions. I look forward to future open and ment to meet its management chal- tional interest. candid dialog with her on all of these

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S614 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 issues, and expect to work closely with issue’’ for his second term. I certainly look forward to working closely with her. support an activist U.S. role in Asia; Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. Mr. President, the job of Secretary of from the Russian Far East which is in- Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I rise in State is indeed a challenging one. I sa- creasingly linked to my State of Wash- support of Madeleine Albright’s nomi- lute President Clinton for his superb ington to South Asia where the threat nation to take the helm of the U.S. De- choice, for it is my view that this of nuclear escalation will require care- partment of State. I believe she is well nominee is more-than-qualified to take ful diplomacy. Hong Kong is on the qualified and has displayed a unique on the challenges of the position under verge of a return to Chinese sov- steadiness and pragmatism during her consideration. ereignty, and numerous territorial dis- tenure as our Ambassador to the I also commend the honorable Sen- putes throughout Asia threaten to be- United Nations. From her difficult be- ator from North Carolina for expe- come military flashpoints. The United ginnings and throughout her life, she diting the confirmation process. States is and must continue to be the has proudly embraced this country. In summary, Mr. President, I am stabilizing force in Asia that fosters She has served America with dignity honored to cast my vote in favor of the peace and our economic growth in the and patriotism. In her new position, I nomination of Madeleine Korbel region. Numerous regional groupings hope she will continue to sensibly pro- Albright to be Secretary of State. from APEC to the ASEAN Regional mote our Nation’s best interests. Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I am Forum will require U.S. leadership and All of these qualities are attested to honored today to express my strong vigilance. This region, with more than by a very dear friend of mine, Edward support for Madeleine Albright’s nomi- one-half of the world’s population, Gnehm, our former Ambassador to Ku- nation to be the next U.S. Secretary of must be a priority of the new Sec- wait. He now serves as Deputy Assist- State. Long after I leave the United retary. And I am sure Madeleine ant Ambassador under Madeleine States Senate, I will recall fondly the Albright will represent the ideals we Albright at the United Nations. I met day I voted to confirm Madeleine cherish; the ideals we share with the Skip Gnehm in 1962, when we began 4 Albright as Secretary of State; our 63d world through an activist, engaged for- good years together at the George and first female Secretary of State. eign policy. Washington University. I have always Madeleine Albright is a spectacular Europe and the former Soviet states valued Skip’s friendship and his in- nominee; I’ve worked closely with her must also remain a priority issue. sight—particularly in matters of for- since I came to the Senate, particu- NATO expansion will be difficult. And eign affairs. larly on the 1995 United Nations Con- international trade issues with the Eu- Skip and I have recently discussed ference on Women. I do speak person- ropean Community will continue to be the changing role of the United States ally of the great respect she’s earned difficult as we seek to gain greater in global politics. We agree that, as a from many on Capitol Hill. And I know market access, end subsidized competi- nation, we live in a rapidly changing that same respect has been earned in tion in manufacturing and agriculture, part of the 20th century. World politics Capitals around the globe throughout and continue to press for protection of is no longer dominated by the tense her distinguished career. There will be U.S. intellectual property rights. Mad- United States-Soviet detente that de- no on-the-job training for this public eleine Albright, an immigrant from fined United States foreign policy for servant. In recent times, no Secretary Prague, is uniquely qualified to rep- so many years. Gone is our old familiar of State has assumed the post with the resent U.S. interests in this region of enemy, the Russian bear, growling on breadth of experience and bipartisan mature and growing political and eco- the horizon. But we have also lost the support that Madeleine Albright will nomic relationships. political stability Soviet hegemony Latin America is finally emerging provided in the region. No one here bring to the State Department. Secretary of State is an enormously from the throes of the cold war. El Sal- would argue for the return of a Com- important job. One of Secretary War- vador and Guatemala are continuing munist-controlled Soviet empire, but ren Christopher’s final public state- on important paths to peace and rec- in the wake of glasnost, we are left onciliation. Virtually every Latin ments underscores the importance of with a political minefield that de- American country is now under some mands careful attention. the job performed by the Secretary and form of democracy; the United States Our foreign relations are more fragile the American citizens who work at the must continue to foster this demo- than ever and demand increasing preci- State Department and in postings cratic development and reconciliation. sion. The State Department, our eyes around the world. Secretary Chris- NAFTA expansion to Chile and beyond and ears abroad, is our country’s first topher, describing his tenure and ac- will require a respected leader to nego- line of defense. Without an effective complishments, said, ‘‘Russia’s democ- tiate agreements beneficial to the and supported foreign service, we will racy was in crisis; its economy was United States and to educate and un- have little capability in combating to- near collapse. The nuclear arsenal of derstand the concerns of a skeptical day’s imminent threats to American the former Soviet Union was scattered public. Again, I believe Madeleine lives. Dangers such as international among four new countries with few Albright will do a fabulous job for the terrorism and nuclear proliferation safeguards. The war in Bosnia was at American people in this region of the among rogue nations truly pose a the peak of its brutality and threat- world. greater threat to our national security ening to spread. North Korea was de- Problems in Africa continue to go than Russia ever did. veloping nuclear weapons. The Middle largely unnoticed in our country. Chil- In light of these facts, I am discour- East peace process was stalemated; ne- dren throughout the world continue to aged by the increasing trend toward gotiations were stymied. Repression in suffer the evils of disease and malnutri- isolationism. We cannot turn our eyes Haiti was pushing refugees to our tion. Radical changes may come to inward and ignore the problems of our shores. NAFTA’s passage was in serious Cuba and North Korea in the near fu- neighbors. Like it or not, our world is doubt.’’ Certainly, Secretary Chris- ture. All of these issues, and many interconnected, interdependent, and topher’s tenure was marked by many more unforseen events, will require a international. Today, we send e-mail other difficult issues that met varying person like Madeleine Albright. on the internet across the globe with degrees of success. My point is to use Finally, following her confirmation, I the push of a button. A phone call can Secretary Christopher’s words to em- want to urge the new Secretary to be a bridge thousands of miles between fam- phasize the enormity and the impor- voice for the State Department and its ily and friends. Businesses move money tance of the task ahead for Madeleine family of employees, many of whom electronically across borders in the Albright. are scattered around the world in serv- blink of an eye. A drought in Kansas Madeleine Albright will confront a ice to our country. I find it refreshing can raise the price of bread in Moscow. similar list of issues important to our that Ambassador Albright during her It is true that domestic peace and pros- future economic and security interests. confirmation hearing freely talked perity in America are important, but China and Asia as a whole have moved about the difficulties of conducting for- you can’t sustain peace and prosperity to the forefront and many have written eign relations, on the cheap. on an island in a global sea of discord. that the President will make this im- As a member of the Appropriations So, I am using this opportunity to portant region of the world a ‘‘legacy Foreign Operations Subcommittee, I speak in support of Madeleine

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S615 Albright’s nomination, but also to I personally regret, however, that I woman ever nominated to be Secretary voice my concern about the lack of di- am missing a chance to vote on the of State. She will not only become the rection and coordination in our foreign nomination of Madeleine Albright. Mr. most senior female appointee in this policy. We need to identify our goals President, I don’t think President Clin- administration, but the highest rank- and be very clear in our message. As ton could have made a wiser choice in ing in the history of the United States. the world’s only superpower, we cannot selecting Madeleine Albright for this I am so very proud that today Mad- stand around watching—simply react- central post in his administration. I eleine Albright is shattering a glass ing to random global events. have known Madeleine Albright for ceiling that many thought would never I believe Ambassador Albright has many years, and have rarely seen such be broken. demonstrated her exceptional abilities a combination of intelligence, skill, ex- Ambassador Albright will also be the as a diplomat and in offering thought- perience, principle, values, and, Mr. first refugee to hold this important ful counsel to our President. I would President, patriotism, in all my days. post. Having fled totalitarianism her- now encourage her to utilize her prov- Madeleine Albright brings all these self, Ambassador Albright is especially en diplomatic skills and her new high- things to the service of her adopted na- sensitive to the needs of newly emerg- profile job to bring some change in the tion. A daughter of Central European ing democracies. She is a beacon of President’s Cabinet room. We need to strife, she has a unique world view that hope to the hundreds of millions of peo- introduce strategic planning into our brings into clear focus some of the ple around the world who have recently foreign policy and she is the person to most difficult and compelling chal- shed the shackles of authoritarian gov- do it. With well-defined goals, a prop- lenges we face as the world’s last true ernment. erly managed administration and a lit- military and economic superpower. Over the last 20 years, Ambassador tle enthusiasm, our State Department Of course the world today is a re- Albright has worked tirelessly to pro- and Foreign Service could again re- markably different place than the one mote a safer, more stable world. After ceive the respect they deserve—both at we faced 50 years ago, 15 years ago, and working as a foreign policy advisor to home and abroad. even 5 years ago. I am further struck the late Senator Edmund Muskie, she Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, the by the fact that we are defining this taught foreign policy at Georgetown Senator from West Virginia [Mr. time by what it is not, that is the cold University’s School of Foreign Service. ROCKEFELLER] asked me to submit his war—rather than by what it is—a tran- As U.S. Ambassador to the United Na- statement in support of Madeleine sition time in the world’s history tions, she earned a reputation for Albright for Secretary of State. He is where one historic power, Europe, is toughness, fairness, and the tireless ad- necessarily absent for the vote today struggling to define itself; and another, vocacy of American interests. because of responsibilities he has in China, is struggling to assert its place Madeleine Albright is a diplomat, leading a trade mission from his State in the world. It is into this breach that scholar, and a role model for the Na- of West Virginia to Asia. He regrets Madeleine Albright has been tasked to tion’s young people—especially our not being here to cast his own vote for define and promote America’s global young women. I am confident that she Ms. Albright, and asks that his enthu- interests. siastic support for this outstanding in- will make an excellent Secretary of Traditionally, American foreign pol- dividual be noted. State and I proudly support her nomi- icy has had Europe and the Atlantic as (At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the nation. following statement was ordered to be its focal point. While we must continue The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. making Europe a priority, we also see printed in the RECORD.) GREGG). Who seeks recognition? Who ∑ Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I Asia growing in importance in eco- yields time? am submitting this statement to ex- nomic, military, and other terms. This Mr. WARNER addressed the Chair. press my strongest support for the means that geographically, strategi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who nomination of Madeleine Korbel cally, and economically, the United yields time? Albright to be the Secretary of State of States sits astride both worlds. Mr. WARNER. Could I ask for a the United States of America. Unfortu- Because of my own long-time in- minute and a half? nately, I am necessarily absent from volvement in United States-Japan rela- Mr. HELMS. If you want, more than the Senate, and am unable to cast my tions and Asia issues generally, I want that. vote for Ms. Albright. Because of plans to voice my confidence that Secretary Mr. WARNER. I thank the Senator. that had to be scheduled long ago, I am of State Albright will provide the need- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- presently leading a group of more than ed leadership, insight, and attention to ator from Virginia is recognized for a 30 West Virginians on a trade mission the Pacific region in her role as the minute and a half—5 minutes. The Sen- to Japan and Taiwan that is called Clinton Administration’s chief of inter- ator from Virginia is recognized for 5 Project Harvest II. national diplomacy and as a key part minutes. This trade mission, the second I have of his national security team. She un- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I com- led to Asia, is vitally important to the derstands the challenges we face to- mend first the distinguished chairman long-term economic vitality of my gether as Pacific neighbors; she appre- of the Foreign Relations Committee State. Since the first Project Harvest ciates the differences and complexities for the manner in which he expedited Trade mission in 1995, tens of millions that are presented; and she will be a the hearing on this very important, of dollars in contracts, and many new clear and forceful advocate for Amer- most senior of our Cabinet positions. jobs have flowed back to West Virginia. ica’s peaceable interests and the goals Also, I wish to commend the distin- That first trip also served as a key step we share with our allies and the people guished chairman of the Armed Serv- in bringing companies like Sino- of nations worldwide. ices Committee. Our committee just Swearingen and Toyota to West Vir- Mr. President, I believe that Mad- completed its hearing on Senator ginia—international investments that eleine Albright is a superb choice for Cohen, and we anticipate that today have changed the face of West Vir- Secretary of State. I ask her forgive- the Senate is likely to turn to that ginia’s manufacturing profile. ness that I am unable to stand and vote nomination also for a vote. The globalization of the economy is for her today, and I pledge to work So that under the leadership of the the greatest force shaping inter- with her in every way possible.∑ majority leader, with the cooperation national relations in the last years of Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I am of the distinguished Democratic leader the millennium, and the kinds of rela- proud to support the nomination of and the chairmen, we have, I think in tionships that West Virginia is devel- Madeleine K. Albright for Secretary of record time, accomplished the very oping around the world are a key uni- State. Ambassador Albright is ex- careful and thorough screening of two fying factor in this new world order. tremely well-qualified for this impor- Cabinet posts and providing the Presi- Trade missions like Project Harvest tant post and will make a tremendous dent with that advice which he needs. can be an extension of America’s inter- leader of the Clinton administration’s I have had the privilege of knowing national interest in fostering peace, foreign policy team. the distinguished Ambassador, the stability, and prosperity across the This nomination is truly historic. nominee for the post of Secretary of globe. Ambassador Albright is the first State, for many years. Ambassador

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY S616 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 22, 1997 Albright has come before the Senate the chairman for the way he has han- and serious attention to the problems Armed Services Committee, over the 18 dled it. If he says the nominee is OK, and potential of our own hemisphere. years I have been privileged to serve on that is very powerful in this institu- Each of these will demand a very ex- that committee, on a number of occa- tion. I thank the Senator from Dela- perienced and committed Secretary of sions as an expert witness, which is a ware for his efforts also. State. The Ambassador’s skills and difficult role to carry out. But she has Mr. President, today is a historic day wisdom will be challenged every day. always done it in a very careful and for the Senate, for the Department of Secretary Albright, assuming she is well-informed manner. Early on, she State, and for the United States. going to be confirmed here momen- gained the respect and admiration of Today, we will confirm America’s 63d tarily, will also need to spend much both sides on our committee, as she Secretary of State. Madeline Albright more time with the Congress. We have worked her way up through a number will be the first woman to hold our pledged to do what we can to move of important posts before going to the country’s highest diplomatic post. America ahead in a nonpartisan or bi- United Nations as our Ambassador. Most of our Members are aware of partisan fashion. We will try to work And now I think the President is to be Ambassador Albright’ compelling per- together on arms control issues. We ex- commended in selecting her for this as- sonal history. As a child, she was pect the administration to respect the signment, which I anticipate she will forced to flee her native Czecho- Senate’s role in providing advice and discharge with equal if not greater wis- slovakia from the century’s two great consent to the significant modifica- dom and skill than her previous assign- tyrannies: Nazi Germany and Soviet tions they propose to the 1972 ABM ments. Communism. First-hand, she learned Treaty. Mr. President, I yield the floor. that freedom is not free, and that re- The administration has tried to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who sistance to aggression is imperative. make a case for more money for the yields time? Ambassador Albright is an American United Nations and for international The Senator from North Carolina. by choice. She has served her adopted affairs spending in general. I do not be- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I suggest land with distinction—at the National lieve in measuring American leader- we let a quorum call be charged equal- Security Council in the Carter admin- ship by how many taxpayer dollars we ly. istration, in politics and in the aca- send to the United Nations or to AID Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, will demic world, and most recently as U.S. contractors—especially when our de- the Senator yield just a moment? Ambassador to the United Nations. fense and intelligence capabilities have Mr. HELMS. Certainly. Certainly. When I met with Ambassador felt the impact of far more severe Mr. STEVENS. Is there time left, Mr. Albright last week, we had a good dis- budget limitations. President? cussion about a range of issues. I ex- We are also awaiting the administra- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- pressed my concern over the gradual tion’s request for funding their deci- ator from North Carolina has 19 min- decline of the role of Congress in for- sion to extend the American troop utes. eign policy—at least that is the way presence despite the promise of a 1- Mr. THURMOND. Are we going to Congress is sometimes treated by ad- year only deployment in Bosnia. On all vote, Mr. President? ministrations—a trend that is not in budget issues, we will try to work to- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- keeping with my reading of what the gether on funding the administration’s ator from Alaska is recognized. framers of the Constitution intended. priorities and our priorities in a man- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I hope Ambassador Albright told me she ner consistent with the move toward a we will agree to vote as quickly as pos- taught a course on ‘‘Congress and For- balanced budget. sible, but I do want to say that I wel- eign Policy’’ and that she very much I expect to work closely with Sec- come this nomination. Madeleine understands and respects the role of retary Albright to prepare the Senate Albright at the United Nations as our the Congress in our power of the purse, and the American people for the his- Ambassador helped to make the world our sole power to declare war, and the toric expansion of the most successful realize how important it is we conserve Senate’s co-equal role in treaty mak- alliance in history—NATO. We will the oceans. She assisted in many ways ing. work to support the historic progress with those of us who are trying to real- As secretary of State, Ambassador toward peace in the Middle East, made ly protect the oceans. I welcome her Albright will face many difficult possible because the enemies of Israel coming to the Department of State issues. Perhaps her greatest challenge know that American support for our now where I think she can carry on the will be articulating a vision of Amer- democratic ally is unswerving. same fight and help us really deal with ica’s role in the post-cold-war era—a Today, with what I expect will be an the overwhelming problem of assuring vision that is readily understood and overwhelming vote, the Senate will that the oceans of the world continue supported by the American people and confirm Madeline Albright as Sec- to produce the food that mankind their elected representatives. retary of State. The confirmation proc- needs. Our leadership role in the world de- ess moved rapidly and cooperatively, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who pends on the power of our ideals and and I think it is indicative of what we yields time? If no time is yielded, time the purpose to defend our interests. can do in the months and years ahead. will be charged to both sides. And it depends on the support of our I want to offer my congratulations to The Senator from North Carolina. citizens for a leadership role. I believe Secretary-to-be Albright, her family Mr. HELMS. I suggest the absence of the American people know America and her friends on this historic occa- a quorum. must remain engaged in the world, and sion. I believe President Clinton made The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that they will be willing to support our a sound choice, and I believe Secretary clerk will call the roll. engagement because it is ultimately to Albright will serve America honorably. The legislative clerk proceeded to the benefit of each and every Amer- With that, Mr. President, I have been call the roll. ican. asked to yield back time on both sides. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- In just the coming months, Ambas- I believe we are prepared to vote. imous consent that the order for the sador Albright will have a very full The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time quorum call be rescinded. agenda—on Capitol Hill and around the is yielded back. The question is, Will The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without world. There are continued concerns the Senate advise and consent to the objection, it is so ordered. about Russia’s future, the threats nomination of Madeleine Korbel Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I believe posed by rogue regimes from Iran and Albright, of the District of Columbia, we are prepared to complete the debate Iraq to Libya and North Korea, the to be Secretary of State? The yeas and on the nominee to be Secretary of spread of weapons of mass destruction, nays have been ordered. The clerk will State. terrorism, international crime, and call the roll. I commend the committee members narcotics trafficking, the United The legislative clerk called the roll. for the way they have handled this States relationship with Asia’s emerg- Mr. FORD. I announce that the Sen- matter. Obviously, it was expeditious ing giant—China, pursuit of a lasting ator from West Virginia [Mr. ROCKE- and a very pleasant experience. I thank and secure peace in the Middle East, FELLER] is necessarily absent.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:20 Oct 24, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\1997SENATE\S22JA7.REC S22JA7 mmaher on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with SOCIALSECURITY January 22, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S617 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there tunda, will serve to remind future gen- a case pending in the United States any other Senators in the Chamber erations of his service to his State and District Court for the District of Co- who desire to vote? to his country. lumbia, and ask for its immediate con- The result was announced—yeas 99, Just 2 days after the Charleston, WV, sideration. nays 0, as follows: ceremony, ROBERT BYRD achieved an- Mr. President, on April 9, 1996, Presi- [Rollcall Vote No. 1 Ex.] other major distinction. On January 13, dent Clinton signed into law the Line YEAS—99 1997, he became the fourth longest serv- Item Veto Act. This act was the prod- Abraham Faircloth Lieberman ing U.S. Senator in the history of our uct of years of legislative consider- Akaka Feingold Lott republic, with a service record of 38 ation and much protracted debate. Allard Feinstein Lugar years and 10 days. Beginning January 1 of this year and Ashcroft Ford Mack Baucus Frist McCain Think of it, Mr. President. Of the through the year 2004, the Line Item Bennett Glenn McConnell 1,843 past and present senators, only Veto Act provides the President with Biden Gorton Mikulski three have served longer than ROBERT the authority, under a set of carefully Bingaman Graham Moseley-Braun YRD ENATOR circumscribed limitations, to cancel Bond Gramm Moynihan C. B . In another 3 years, S Boxer Grams Murkowski BYRD will exceed the 41-year service particular items of appropriation, di- Breaux Grassley Murray record of my immediate predecessor rect spending or limited tax benefit in Brownback Gregg Nickles from Mississippi, John C. Stennis. any bill. Bryan Hagel Reed The President must report any such Bumpers Harkin Reid After that, Senator BYRD’s only chal- Burns Hatch Robb lengers will be the current record hold- cancellation to Congress by special Byrd Helms Roberts er, Carl Hayden of Arizona—41 years message within 5 days after his ap- Campbell Hollings Roth proval of the bill containing such Chafee Hutchinson Santorum and 10 months, and the current second Cleland Hutchison Sarbanes longest serving member, our highly re- spending or tax provisions. Congress Coats Inhofe Sessions garded colleague from South Carolina, then has the opportunity to decide Cochran Inouye Shelby STROM THURMOND. whether to pass a law disapproving the Collins Jeffords Smith Bob President’s cancellation and man- Conrad Johnson Smith Gordon H I shall have more to say about Sen- Coverdell Kempthorne Snowe ator THURMOND in May of this year, dating the spending or tax benefit. Craig Kennedy Specter when he breaks Senator Hayden’s As I have stated, this Act was passed D’Amato Kerrey Stevens record. after much consideration and debate Daschle Kerry Thomas DeWine Kohl Thompson Each of us in this body, from the understanding the potential Constitu- Dodd Kyl Thurmond most junior to the most seasoned, tional implications. In the end, Con- Domenici Landrieu Torricelli would do well to pay close attention to gress determined to empower the Presi- Dorgan Lautenberg Warner dent in this manner in recognition of Durbin Leahy Wellstone ROBERT C. BYRD—a man of great his- Enzi Levin Wyden torical knowledge. When ROBERT C. the fact that strong tools are necessary if we are to achieve our goal of finally NOT VOTING—1 BYRD speaks about the role of the Sen- ate in American Government, he de- getting the Federal budget in balance. Rockefeller serves our most careful attention. Mr. President, the distinguished Sen- The nomination was confirmed. On behalf of all Senators, I commend ator from West Virginia, Mr. BYRD, and Mr. HELMS. I move to reconsider the Senator BYRD for his long service to three other of our colleagues, the vote. our country. former senior Senator from Oregon, Mr. BIDEN. I move to lay that mo- (Applause, Senators rising.) Mr. Hatfield, the senior Senator from tion on the table. f Michigan, Mr. LEVIN, and the senior The motion to lay on the table was Senator from New York, Mr. MOY- agreed to. ORDER OF PROCEDURE NIHAN, joined by two Members of the f Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, momen- House of Representatives, have filed an LEGISLATIVE SESSION tarily, we hope to propound a unani- action in the United States District The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under mous-consent agreement about the Court for the District of Columbia the previous order, the Senate will re- time and how we will handle the nomi- challenging the constitutionality of sume legislative session. nation of our colleague, former Senator the act. They assert in their lawsuit The Chair suggests the absence of a Bill Cohen. We are working on the final that the act violates the lawmaking quorum. The clerk will call the roll. preparation and notification on that, provisions of article I of the Constitu- The assistant legislative clerk pro- and then we will ask for an agreement tion by authorizing the President to ceeded to call the roll. at that time. nullify the effect of portions of re- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- f cently enacted laws. imous consent that the order for the The lawsuit at issue was commenced AUTHORIZING SENATE LEGAL pursuant to a special judicial review quorum call be rescinded. COUNSEL REPRESENTATION The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without provision, section 3 of the act, author- objection, it is so ordered. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- izing the filing of an action by any imous consent that the Senate proceed f Member of Congress to seek declara- to the immediate consideration of Sen- tory or injunctive relief on the ground ANOTHER RECORD FOR ROBERT C. ate Resolution 21, submitted earlier that the act violates the Constitution. BYRD today by myself and Senator DASCHLE. This judicial review provision also Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, so far, Jan- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without gives each House of Congress the right uary has been quite a month for our objection, it is so ordered. to intervene in the suit in defense of highly esteemed colleague, the senior The clerk will report. the act. Further, the law provides for Senator from West Virginia. On Janu- The legislative clerk read as follows: direct appeal from any decision of the ary 8, Senator ROBERT C. BYRD ob- A resolution (S. Res. 21) to direct the Sen- district court to the Supreme Court served the 50th anniversary of the day ate legal counsel to appear as amicus curiae and requires both courts to expedite he entered public service as a member in the name of the Senate in Sen. Robert C. their handling of the action. of the West Virginia House of Dele- BYRD, et al. v. Franklin D. Raines, et al. The Department of Justice will rep- gates. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there resent the defendants in the lawsuit, To commemorate this significant objection to the immediate consider- namely the Director of the Office of event, Senator BYRD returned to the ation of the resolution? Management and Budget and the Sec- West Virginia State capitol on January There being no objection, the Senate retary of the Treasury. As such, there 11 to join hundreds of grateful West proceeded to consider the resolution. appears to be no need for the Senate to Virginians and other friends in the un- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, the resolu- intervene formally in the suit as a veiling of a bronze statue. tion directs the Senate legal counsel to party defendant. This likeness of Senator BYRD, appear as amicus curiae, as friend of Nonetheless, title VII of the Ethics in prominently placed in the capitol’s ro- the court, in the name of the Senate in Government Act authorizes the Senate

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