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Report of the UN Joint Human Rights Office on Serious Human Rights

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Report of the UN Joint Human Rights Office on Serious Human Rights REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS JOINT HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE ON SERIOUS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS COMMITTED BY MEMBERS OF THE CONGOLESE DEFENSE AND SECURITY FORCES IN KINSHASA IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO BETWEEN 26 NOVEMBER AND 25 DECEMBER 2011 MARS 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 4 II. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 6 III. METHODOLOGY AND CONSTRAINTS .......................................................................... 7 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................... 8 V. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ....................................................................................... 9 A. Violations of the right to life ......................................................................................................... 9 B. Violations of the right to physical integrity ................................................................................. 12 C. Violations of the right to liberty and security of person .............................................................. 13 VI. IDENTIFICATION OF ALLEGED PERPETRATORS .................................................... 14 VII. MEASURES TAKEN BY THE CONGOLESE AUTHORITIES, MONUSCO AND OTHER UNITED NATIONS ACTORS AND BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY .................................................................................................................... 16 A. The Congolese authorities ........................................................................................................... 16 B. MONUSCO ................................................................................................................................. 17 C. Other United Nations and international community actors ......................................................... 18 VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 19 A. To the authorities of the DRC...................................................................................................... 20 B. To the international community .................................................................................................. 20 2 ENGLISH TRANSLATION LIST OF ACRONYMS ACHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights ANR National Intelligence Agency CENI Commission électorale nationale indépendante CPRK Centre pénitentiaire et de rééducation de Kinshasa DGRSS Direction générale des renseignements et services spéciaux DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo EMRM Military intelligence headquarters (previously Détection militaire des activités anti-patrie - DEMIAP) FARDC Armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo GLM Litho Moboti Group GMI Groupe mobile d’intervention GR Garde républicaine ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights IPKIN Inspection provinciale de la PNC à Kinshasa LENI Légion nationale d’intervention (former Police d’intervention rapide) MONUC United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MROP Maintien et rétablissement de l’ordre public OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human rights OPJ Officier de police judiciaire PALU Parti lumumbiste unifié PNC National Congolese Police PPRD Parti du peuple pour la reconstruction et la démocratie UDPS Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social UNJHRO United Nations Joint Human Rights Office 3 ENGLISH TRANSLATION I. Executive summary The present report of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office (UNJHRO) deals with serious human rights violations committed by members of the Congolese defense and security forces in Kinshasa between 26 November and 25 December 2011 in the context of the presidential and legislative elections held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on 28 November 2011. This report is based on the Resolution 1991 of 28 June 2011 in which the Security Council urges the DRC government and all parties concerned “to ensure an environment conducive to a free, fair, credible, inclusive, transparent, peaceful and timely electoral process which includes free and constructive political debate, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, equitable access to media including State media, safety for all candidates, as well as for election observers and witnesses, journalists, human rights defenders and actors from the civil society including women”. Moreover, in the same Resolution, the Security Council “decides that MONUSCO shall support the organisation and conduct of national, provincial and local elections (…) by supporting the CENI [inter alia] by monitoring, reporting and following-up on human rights violations in the context of the elections (…)”. The overall electoral context in the DRC was particularly marked by fierce tensions linked with what national and international observers have described as an electoral process lacking transparency and marred by irregularities. Between 26 November and 25 December 2011, the UNJHRO received numerous allegations of serious human rights violations committed by members of the Congolese defense and security forces in Kinshasa, in particular of the rights to life, to physical integrity and to the liberty and security of person. In response, the UNJHRO deployed, on 29 November 2011, a special investigation team in Kinshasa. At the end of its investigation, the UNJHRO is able to confirm that at least 33 people were killed, including 22 by gunshot, as well as at least 83 others injured, including 61 by gunshot, between 26 November and 25 December 2011 by members of the defense and security forces. At least 16 people remain unaccounted for. Furthermore, the UNJHRO documented the arrest of at least 265 civilians, most of whom have been detained illegally and/or arbitrarily, mainly due to their real or alleged affiliation to a political opposition party or for coming from Mr. Etienne Tshisekedi’s home province or to other provinces where he enjoys significant support. These human rights violations were attributed mainly to elements of the Garde républicaine (GR), officers of the National Congolese Police (PNC) and its specialized units, such as the Légion nationale d’intervention (LENI), the criminal investigation brigade and the Groupe mobile d’intervention (GMI), and to a lesser extent, to soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) not belonging to the GR. Moreover, agents of the National Intelligence Agency (ANR) were also allegedly responsible for several cases of arbitrary arrest and illegal detention. 4 ENGLISH TRANSLATION Given the seriousness of the human rights violations documented, the report makes recommendations to bring the alleged perpetrators of these violations to justice, to provide redress to victims, including through fair, effective and prompt reparation, to prevent the occurrence of such violations in the future and to encourage the Congolese authorities to establish democratic institutions respectful of human rights. 5 ENGLISH TRANSLATION II. Introduction 1. On 28 November 2011, the DRC held its second presidential and parliamentary elections since the end of the transition period in 2006. The election campaign for these ballots started on 28 October 2011 and ended on 26 November 2011. The Commission électorale nationale indépendante (CENI) announced the provisional results of the presidential election1 on 9 December 2011. The Supreme Court of Justice validated the results on 16 December 2011, and the elected president, Mr. Joseph Kabila, was inaugurated on 20 December 2011. Mr. Etienne Tshisekedi, presidential candidate for the Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social (UDPS) and main opponent of Mr. Joseph Kabila, rejected the results announced by the CENI, based on reports of both national and international observers which reported irregularities.2 Mr. Etienne Tshisekedi proclaimed himself President and organized his own inauguration ceremony on 23 December 2011, at his residence located in the commune of Limete in Kinshasa. 2. These elections, which were intended to be peaceful, transparent and to be illustrative of the country’s democratic progress, took place in an atmosphere of high tension3 and were marked with acts of political intolerance and violence that claimed many lives. Each of the stages of the electoral process was actually marked by fierce tensions that degenerated into clashes between members and supporters of opposition political parties and the security forces, as well as fights between members and supporters of rival political parties.4 3. From 26 November 2011, the last day of the election campaign, the UNJHRO5 was informed, through its partners and its hotline6, set up during the electoral period, of several allegations of serious human rights violations in the city of Kinshasa. Given the scope and seriousness of these allegations, the UNJHRO deployed a special team in Kinshasa, primarily to investigate the violations of the rights to life, physical integrity, and to liberty and security of person, which occurred between 26 November and 25 December 2011. This report focuses on the serious human rights violations documented by the special team during this period. 1 The CENI announced the provisional results of the presidential
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