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Black History, 1877-1954
THE BRITISH LIBRARY AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND LIFE: 1877-1954 A SELECTIVE GUIDE TO MATERIALS IN THE BRITISH LIBRARY BY JEAN KEMBLE THE ECCLES CENTRE FOR AMERICAN STUDIES AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND LIFE, 1877-1954 Contents Introduction Agriculture Art & Photography Civil Rights Crime and Punishment Demography Du Bois, W.E.B. Economics Education Entertainment – Film, Radio, Theatre Family Folklore Freemasonry Marcus Garvey General Great Depression/New Deal Great Migration Health & Medicine Historiography Ku Klux Klan Law Leadership Libraries Lynching & Violence Military NAACP National Urban League Philanthropy Politics Press Race Relations & ‘The Negro Question’ Religion Riots & Protests Sport Transport Tuskegee Institute Urban Life Booker T. Washington West Women Work & Unions World Wars States Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Bibliographies/Reference works Introduction Since the civil rights movement of the 1960s, African American history, once the preserve of a few dedicated individuals, has experienced an expansion unprecedented in historical research. The effect of this on-going, scholarly ‘explosion’, in which both black and white historians are actively engaged, is both manifold and wide-reaching for in illuminating myriad aspects of African American life and culture from the colonial period to the very recent past it is simultaneously, and inevitably, enriching our understanding of the entire fabric of American social, economic, cultural and political history. Perhaps not surprisingly the depth and breadth of coverage received by particular topics and time-periods has so far been uneven. -
Parker Pillsbury
MACARISM: “WE CANNOT CAST OUT THE DEVIL OF SLAVERY BY THE DEVIL [OF WAR].” A friend contacted me recently to inquire what Thoreau’s attitude toward the civil war had been. When I responded that Thoreau had felt ashamed that he ever became aware of such a thing, my friend found this to be at variance with the things that other Thoreau scholars had been telling him and inquired of me if I “had any proof” for such a nonce attitude. I offered my friend a piece of background information, that in terms of the 19th Century “Doctrine of Affinities” (according to which, in order to even experience anything, there has to be some sort of resonant chord within you, that will begin to vibrate in conjunction with the external vibe, like an aeolian harp that HDT WHAT? INDEX PARKER PILLSBURY PARKER PILLSBURY is hung in an open window that begins to hum as the breezes blow in and out) for there to be an experience, there must be something inward that is vibrating in harmony. I explained that what Thoreau had been saying in the letter to Parker Pillsbury from which I was quoting, was that in accordance with such a Doctrine of Affinities there must unfortunately be some belligerent spirit within himself, something wrong inside — or he couldn’t even have noticed all that Civil War stuff in the newspapers. This relates, I explained, to an argument I had once upon a time had with Robert Richardson, who I had accused of authoring an autobiography that he was pretending to be a biography of Thoreau. -
The Rutland, Vermont, Free Convention of 1858
“A Convention of ‘Moral Lunatics’”: The Rutland, Vermont, Free Convention of 1858 Representatives of nearly every American Antebellum reform movement known to humankind crowded into Rutland in late June 1858 to thump the drums for their particular causes, creating a cacophony of assertions and cross-purposes. By Thomas L. Altherr s Randy Roth has shown in The Democratic Dilemma, antebel- lum Vermont was awash in a tide of religious revivals and sec- tarian surges. Even though that level of enthusiasm waned by A 1 the 1850s, Vermont was still susceptible to short sporadic upheavals. In the summer of 1858, Rutland played host to one of the most unusual gatherings of moral reformers ever to assemble on the American conti- nent. Perhaps New Hampshire abolitionist Parker Pillsbury described it best. Writing to William Lloyd Garrison on June 30, 1858, he re- marked, “I am just returned from attending one of the largest and most important Reformatory Conventions ever held in this or any other country. The most prominent topics considered were Spiritualism, the Cause of Woman, including Marriage and Maternity, Scripture and Church Authority, and Slavery. Then the subjects of Free Trade, of Edu- cation, Labor and Land Reform, Temperance, Physiology and Phrenol- ogy were introduced, and more or less considered.” Pillsbury praised New Lebanon Shaker Frederick Evans for “a calm and clear exposition of the doctrines held by his denomination”; Albany minister Amory Dwight Mayo for “a most eloquent and able address on the Bible”; a variety of feminists for speeches on behalf of Woman; and New York radical Ernestine Rose for “all her strength and noble earnestness.” Vermont History 69 (Symposium Supplement): 90–104. -
Sojourner Truth Utopian Vioon Tmd, Search for Community, 1797-1883
1 Sojourner Truth Utopian Vioon tmd, Search for Community, 1797-1883 WENDYE. CHMIELEWSKI SOJOUllNER. TRUTH IS WELL KNOWN as an African-American heroine, abolitionist, and lecturer for woman's rights. Her communal vision and in volvement with utopian communities is less familiar to modem feminists and scholars. An examination of liuth's lik and work will illustrate both her vision ofa new type oflik for women and for all African-American peo ple and her personal search for a community. As a woman deeply commit ted to social reform, she turned her attention to the burning issues of her day: problems of economic inequality, disruption of older social patterns, changing gender roles, and questions ofgender and racial equity. 1ruth com bined her desire for a more equitable society with her personal experience in communities that experimented with social change. In the process of her search for a congenial community, Sojourner liuth questioned patriarchal authority by resisting many of the traditional roles assigned to her race and gender. This search took liuth through various utopian communities or experiments. She tried to find answers and new ways of living for herself by rccharting &miliar paths and attempted to extend what she had learned to other women and black people by her speeches, lectures, and the exam ple of her lik. Always, 1ruth contributed her own ideas and conceptions about the creation of a new world. 1ruth was born a slave in Ulster County, New York, in the last years of the eighteenth century. Until early middle age she was owned by a series of masters and often separated from tunily, friends, and community. -
A Community of Voices on Education and the African American Experience
A Community of Voices on Education and the African American Experience A Community of Voices on Education and the African American Experience: A Record of Struggles and Triumphs Edited by Hazel Arnett Ervin and Lois Jamison Sheer A Community of Voices on Education and the African American Experience: A Record of Struggles and Triumphs Edited by Hazel Arnett Ervin and Lois Jamison Sheer This book first published 2015 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2015 by Hazel Arnett Ervin, Lois Jamison Sheer and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-8116-3 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-8116-6 To our mothers and fathers who were our first teachers TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ....................................................................................................... xii Acknowledgments .................................................................................... xvi Landmarks and Milestones .......................................................................... 1 Personal Testimonies Tracts and Dialogues from Thomas Bacon’s Sermons Addressed to Masters and Servants ............................................................................ -
WEB Du Bois and the Rhetoric of Social Change, 1897-1907
Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2008 W.E.B. Du Bois and the Rhetoric of Social Change, 1897-1907: Attitude as Incipient Action Fendrich Clark Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Clark, F. (2008). W.E.B. Du Bois and the Rhetoric of Social Change, 1897-1907: Attitude as Incipient Action (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/415 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. W.E.B. DU BOIS AND THE RHETORIC OF SOCIAL CHANGE, 1897-1907: ATTITUDE AS INCIPIENT ACTION A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Fendrich R. Clark May 2009 Copyright by Fendrich R. Clark 2009 W.E.B. DU BOIS AND THE RHETORIC OF SOCIAL CHANGE, 1897-1907: ATTITUDE AS INCIPIENT ACTION By Fendrich R. Clark Approved November 14, 2008 _________________________________ _________________________________ Richard H. Thames, Ph.D. Janie Harden Fritz, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Communication Associate Professor of Communication (Dissertation Director) (Committee Member) _________________________________ Pat Arneson, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Communication (Committee Member) _________________________________ _________________________________ Albert C. Labriola, Ph.D. Ronald C. Arnett, Ph.D. Acting Dean, McAnulty College and Professor and Chair, Department of Graduate School of Liberal Arts Communication and Rhetorical Studies (External Member) iii ABSTRACT W.E.B. -
Parker Pillsbury, Masculinity, and Women's Rights Activism in the Nineteenth-Century United States
"Aunt Nancy Men": Parker Pillsbury, Masculinity, and Women's Rights Activism in the Nineteenth-Century United States Stacey M. Robertson Beginning in 1868 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Parker Pillsbury published a radical women's rights newspaper appropriately entitled, The Revolution. Frustrated because the Fifteenth Amendment proposed to enfranchise Black men, but not women—and infuriated because almost all of their abolitionist colleagues continued to support the amendment despite its neglect of women, these radicals used their newspaper to construct an alternative vision of sexual relations grounded in economic, political, legal, sexual, and social equality.1 In response to this aggressive call for women's rights, the popular press attacked the radicals' sexual identity in an effort to reinforce the traditional gender roles which the women's rights movement openly challenged. "The Revolution,'" according to one Connecticut journalist, "is edited by two old and ugly ladies men, Mr. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Mrs. Parker Pillsbury, and published by Mr. Susan B. Anthony.... Were we to select our own father from among the three it should be Stanton or Anthony in preference to Granny Pillsbury."2 While attempts to humiliate publicly women's rights activists reveal a basic fear of the threat posed by changes in gender roles for the entire social order, they underscore as well the connection between masculinity and the subordination of women. Pro-feminist men have often been represented as weak, impotent, and lacking in virility by opponents of women's rights and Parker Pillsbury was no 0026-3079/96/3702-033$ 1.50/0 33 Figure 1: Parker Pillsbury. -
The Anti-Slavery Movement in the Presbyterian Church, 1835-1861
This dissertation has been 62-778 microfilmed exactly as received HOWARD, Victor B., 1915- THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1835-1861. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1961 History, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1835-1861 DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University 9r Victor B, Howard, A. B., A. M. ****** The Ohio State University 1961 Approved by Adviser Department of History CONTENTS Chapter Page I The Division of 1837. .................. 1 II The Church Crystallizes Its Position On Slavery............. 89 III The Impact of the Fugitive Slave Law Upon the Church ........................... 157 IV Political Controversy and Division. .... 181 V The Presbyterian Church and the American Home Missionary Society........... 222 VI Anti-Slavery Literature and the Tract S o c i e t y ................................... 252 VII Foreign Missions and Slavery Problems . 265 VIII A Northwestern Seminary ................. 290 IX Crisis of 1 8 6 1 . ................. 309 Bibliography............................... 342 Autobiography..................................... 378 il CHAPTER I THE DIVISION OF 1837 In 1824 in central western New York, Charles G. Finney began a career in ministry that was to have far- reaching implications for the religious as well as the civil life of the people of the United States. In July of that year he was ordained by the Presbytery of St. Lawrence, and assigned as a missionary to the little towns of Evans Mills and Antwerp in Jefferson County, New York. Under the vivid preaching of this ex-lawyer a wave of revivalism began to sweep through the whole region.^ Following the revival of 1824-27, Finney carried the religious awakening into Philadelphia, New York City, and Rochester, New York. -
1 “`And There Shall Be No More Sea.' William Lloyd Garrison and The
“`And There Shall Be No More Sea.’ William Lloyd Garrison and the Transatlantic Abolitionist Movement.” Richard J. Blackett When in early 1865 the Stars and Stripes were once again raised over Fort Sumter William Lloyd Garrison and George Thompson were there to witness the symbolic reuniting of the country at the end of a brutal civil war. It seemed a fitting culmination to the work of the two men who together had struggled for over thirty years to keep the transatlantic abolitionist movement together and who were considered by their peers to be the two pivotal figures in the struggle to win freedom for slaves in the United States. Between them they had crisscrossed the Atlantic half a dozen times in a quest to rally public opinion in favor of abolition inspired in part by Garrison’s bold internationalist declaration: “Our Country is the World—Our Countrymen Are Mankind.” Their efforts did not always pay immediate dividends, but standing at the site where the first shots in the war were fired, both men could take some comfort in the fact that their persistence and commitment to the cause of emancipation had finally borne fruit. The movement had wobbled at times and on occasion had even cracked, but the frequent exchange of visits that they and others made had managed to maintain a semblance of unity in an otherwise fractious alliance. The exchange of letters, books and pamphlets were crucial means of contact, but the glue that held the movement together was the exchange of visits during which friendships were forged and renewed, money raised and attempts made to influence public opinion in favor of emancipation. -
JOHN BROWN in OHIO an Interview with Charles S. S. Griffing Edited by Louis FILLER Assistant Professor of American Civilization, Antioch College
http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm? action=detail&Page=0058213.html&StartPage=213&EndPage=218&volume=58&newtitle=Volume %2058%20Page%20213 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Volume 58, pages 213-218. JOHN BROWN IN OHIO An Interview with Charles S. S. Griffing edited by Louis FILLER Assistant Professor of American Civilization, Antioch College John Brown's Ohio years merit continued study. In view of the fact that a serious shadow has been cast over his intentions and activities in Kansas by a formidable historian,1 it is evident that the Ohio period may be crucial in any ultimate evaluation of Brown's role and personality. Mary Land's article, "John Brown's Ohio Environment," in the January 1948 issue of this Quarterly constitutes a supplement to Charles B. Galbreath's work in the field, which, however, she does not appear to have used.2 Unfortunately, John Brown's precise relationship to the undoubtedly strong antislavery forces in Ohio, and his reputation, if any, with his antislavery neighbors independent of his exploits in Kansas and at Harper's Ferry, still remain largely circumstantial and have yet to be firmly established. There is need for a clearer understanding than some students seem to manifest of the seriousness of the charges against Brown. It is often granted that Brown was guilty of "cold-blooded murder" at Potawatomie; but the edge of this accusation is as often blunted by emphasis upon Brown as a "fanatic"-that is, as one overwhelmed by the urgency of his crusade. The sense of both the Warren and Malin analyses is to impugn Brown's sincerity and thereby the integrity of his actions.3 The opinions of respectable personages in relation to Brown must be carefully weighed. -
The Abolitionists of the Liberator Circle, 1860-1863
Certainty, Crisis, Compromise: The Abolitionists of the Liberator Circle, 1860-1863 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury By Luis Paterson University of Canterbury 2017 1 Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5 Frontispiece: The Liberator Circle ............................................................................ 12 Historiography .......................................................................................................... 14 Chapter One: Certainty ............................................................................................ 35 Chapter Two: Crisis .................................................................................................. 65 Chapter Three: Compromise .................................................................................. 110 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 157 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 160 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Peter Field for his -
Introduction: How to Read the Souls of Black Folk in a Post-Racial
Introduction How to Read The Souls of Black Folk in a Post-Racial Age Jonathan Scott Holloway An Intellectual Biography I sit with Shakespeare and he winces not. Across the color line I move arm in arm with Balzac and Dumas, where smiling men and welcoming women glide in gilded halls. From out the caves of evening that swing between the strong-limbed earth and the tracery of the stars, I summon Aristotle and Aurelius and what soul I will, and they come all graciously with no scorn nor condescension. W. E. B. Du Bois, “Of the Training of Black Men” ew Englander. Middle-class uplift ideologist. Polemi- cist. Urban sociologist. Southerner. Pan-Africanist. Assimilationist. Professor. Elitist. Civil rights agitator. Editor. Novelist. Progressive. Antinuclear peace activ- Nist. Suspect. Figurehead. Communist. Ghanaian. Each of these words describes William Edward Burghardt Du Bois at some point in his life. Born in Great Barrington, Massachu- setts, in 1868, W. E. B. Du Bois (pronounced doo-boys by his family) ix YY6692.indb6692.indb iixx 33/23/15/23/15 77:48:04:48:04 AAMM x Introduction is one of the most important and endlessly intriguing fi gures in the history of post-emancipation letters and politics. Perhaps most fa- mous for his principled stand against Booker T. Washington’s politi- cal philosophy of racial accommodation, Du Bois also established new fi elds of scholarly inquiry, helped lead one of the fi rst cultural societies for black intellectuals, and mentored several generations of black scholars and activists. His engagement with civil rights bat- tles took shape when he helped establish the Niagara Movement in 1905 and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.