DOCSLIB.ORG

Traiai{ Herseni: Structura Discursului Sociologic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Traiai{ Herseni: Structura Discursului Sociologic TRAIAI{ HERSENI: STRUCTURA DISCURSULUI SOCIOLOGIC Florenfa Stivirache Institutul de Istorie ,,George Baril" din Cluj-Napoca Traian Herseni'este, alituri de H. H. Stahl, M. Vulc[nescu gi A. Golopenfia, un reprezentantde seami al $colii sociologicede la Bucuregti. Opera lui sociologici este orientatd tematic spre o diversitate de aspecte, rezultate, pe de o parte, din reflecfii asupra societdfii romAnegtigi, pe de altd parte, dintr-o perspectiv[ comprehensivdasupra paradigmelor sociologice. In elaborlrile sale teoretice, alituri de aspectelerezultate din preocupdrile lui de cercetarea realitalii rurale (sociologiepastorald, sociologia vecin6tetii), trebuie men{ionategi sintezele elaborate in sociologia limbii gi sociologia literaturii. insd principala n5Lzuintd,a reflecliilor sale sociologice a fost aceeade a elabora o teorie generalSa societ[fii. Lui Traian Herseni ii revine meritul de a fi deschis o noui direc{ie in cercetarea sociologicl romdneascd, qi anume abordarea dintr-o perspectiv[ fenomenologicb a sociologiei, a cirui fundament il constituie interpretarea sistemului social in spiritul ontologiei regionale: ,,incercdm adicd in spiritul sociologiei fenomenologicesd punem problema individ gi societatedincoace de individualism gi integralism gi intreprindemin acelagispirit ontologia regional6a vie{ii sociale"r. Un loc apartein operalui Tr. Herseniil ocupdreferin(a la ontologie,ce reprezinti o problematizarcde naturl reflexiv-teoretic5"prin care acestaigi propune stabilirea qi definirea competenfelor gi diferentelor dinfie filosofie gi sociologie in abordarea realitilii sociale,definirea domeniului sociologieiin ipostazec6t mai riguroase. ' in unelesinteze asupra $colii monograficeprecum qi in Istoria sociologieiromdne$ti l$tefan Costea(coord.), Bucuregti,Edit. Fundafiei ,,Romdniade M6ine", 1998], degi Tr. Herseni este menfionatalituri de M. Vulclnescu,H. H. Stahl gi A. Golopenfiaprintre colaboratoriiconstanfi gi apropiafiai lui D. Gusti,evaluarea bibliograficd a opereisale este redusd doar laTehnica monogra/iei sociologice,fdrd a fi menfionatestudiile de sociologiepastoralS" precum gi investigafiileasupra cetelor de feciori, investigafii importante atet pentru sociologia monografic4 cdt gi pentru dimensiuneaantropologicl a opereisale.- ' Tr. Herseni,Realitatea sociald. Incercare de ontologieregiorwld, Bucuregi, Edit. I.S.R., 1935, p.22. An. Inst.de Ist.,,G. Barif" din Cluj-Napoc4Series Humanistic4 tom. I, 2003,p.233-245 234 FlorentaStdvArache Dimensiuneaontologicd este surprinsd,in manifestdrileei complexe,in lucriri, studii gi articole, cum ar fi: Realitatea sociald. Incercare de ontologie regionald, urmatd de Prolegontene la teoria sociologicd, apoi Ontologia spiritului, Dialectica spiritului, Ontologia viePiisociale etc. A$a cum subliniazi Maria Larionescu, concepfia lui Herseni despre ontologia regionald, degi supusd unor influenfe din fenomenologiagerrnand. prezintdelernente evidente de originalitate:,,Conceptul central al noii orientdri sociologicepropuse de autor estecel de ontologie regionald, preluat de la Husserl qi redefinitin func{iede cele mai noi achizilii ale gAndiriisociale a epocii.Traian Hersenia manifestatabilitnti deosebitede a-qiasocia antecesori qi alia{i prestigiogicu contribulii recunoscutecare l-au ajutat s6-gi organizezepremisele concepliei sale. Astfel, conceptullui Husserlde ontologieregionald, exprimdnd despd(dmintele existen{ialeale realitSlii(natur6, spirit, societate),pe care gtiin{ale cerceteazdca atare,a fost epurat de citre Traian Herseni de sensul sdu originar de esen!6a regiunilorgi redefinitin conformitatecu ceeace G. Gurvitchdenumea <intorsdtura existen{ialda filosofiei fenomenologice>inl?ptuitd de Martin Heidegger:dupd acestadin urm6, <regiunileexisten{iale nu se deosebescnumai ca esenfd,ci 9i ca existenl6.Faptul insugi de a fi, de a se gdsiacolo, variazd, dupd regiuni. A existanu inseamndpretutindeni acelagi lucruD"'. i1 cdutareaunui raport cAt mai productiv intre filosofie gi sociologie,Traian Hersenimen{ioneazd ca tendinlSa acestuiraport ,,realismul", prin careincearcd sd construiascdo ,,sociologieca gtiin{6a realit61ii".Premisa fundamentald a acestei teldin{e esteexprimatl de Herseniastfel: ,,societatea este o realitateomeneascd 9i o realitatetemporald. Privitd ca realitate,societatea este intotdeaunaprezentd, de undecaracterul prezentualist al societdlii- cu societateaprezentd noi suntemlega{i esential,suntem aceeagi realitate - sociologiaeste chiar congtiintade sine a unei realitdfigi teoria unei existen{e.Sociologia studiazd realitdfi, nu semnificaliisau sistemede cultur6"'. O contribufieimplicit[ a lui Traiar-rHerseni la ldmurirearaportului dintre sociologieqi filosofie o reprezintdopfiunea sa pentrlrinfelegerea sociologiei ca ontologie a vielii sociale,intrucdt sociologia,,trebuie si studiezesocietatea ca existen![,'4. Aici ar mai fi de precizat cd termenul de ,,ontologie" prezent in demersullui Traian Herseninu are numai inlelesulde ,,teoriaexisten(ei", cum a fost incetbfenit mai tdrziu de Gyorgy Luk6cs' qi de alli sociologi 9i filosofi marxigti,ci are gi inlelesulde existenlial,de existen{dsocialS, ilr cele din urm5. Astfel, in expresia,,sociologia ca ontologiea vie{ii sociale",sensul termenului de ontOlogieeste Cel de ,,teorie",iar irr expresia,,OntOlOgie regionald", ,,ontologia" in seamn[,,existenfd",exi stenlele v izatefi ind : natur6, sp irit, societate. 2 Maria Larionescu,Ontologia regionald tn conceplialui Traian Herseni,,,Revistaromdnl de sociologie",anul VIII, 1997,nr.l-2, p. 10. 3-Tr. Herseni,Tendin1e noi in sociologre,,.Societatea de mdine",anul X, 1933,nr. 7-8-9,p. 154. a Tr. Herseni,OntologiavieSii sociale,.,societateade mAine", anul IX, 1932,nr.l3-14, p.203. t Gydrgy Luk6cs, Ontologia existenleisociale, Bucuregti' Edit. Politica 1975' Traian Herseni:Structura discursului sociologic 235 in viziunea herseniani, ,,problemarealit6lii sociale coincide cu insdqi problernasociologiei"6. Ca atare,o qtiin!d,perrtru a se constitlti,trebuie sd-;i caute obiect in realitate.Pentru majoritatea gtiinlelor, dovada existenfei unui domeniu distinct,pe care sd gi-l asumeca obiect de studiu,este ugor de realizat.Dar nu acelagilucru se intAmpli gi cu sociologia.Dreptul ei la existerr{Ieste pus sub semnulintrebdrii pe motiv c6 i-ar lipsi un obiectpropriu de studiu.Traian Herseni subliniazdgi el faptul cd ,,obiectulsociologiei, realitatea sociald nu esteo existenld pipiibilS, incdt contestareagi reducereaei la altl realitate(cea rnecanicd, biologicd sau psihicd) se face cu foarte mare ugurin{6,deqi cu foarte pu{ine temeiuri. De aceea,cea dintdi sarcindsistematici a sociologieieste infrligarea realit6lii sociale ca o regiuneexisten{iali proprie, cercetarea omului, a culturii gi a societSliiin ce au ele specific. Preocuparea aceasta intrucAt privegte existen{a este de natu16 ontolo€ica,intrucdt piiveqtenumai o ramurl a existenleieste de naturi regional6"7. incercAndsd lSmureascdproblema obiectului sociologiei,Traian Herseni opteazd,in primul rAnd pentru delimitirile terminologiceqi comprehensive-ale problematicii vizate. Astfel, el stabilegtefaptul ci gtiin{a este inainte de toate cunoagtere,mai preciso relaliede cunoaqtereintre doi terrneni,qi anumesubiectul gi obiectul, fbrd de care nu ar puteafi identificatdexisten{a insaqi. Aqadar: ,,$tiinla trebuieintemeiatd nu numaignoseologic, ci gi ontologic"8. in general,in cazul oricirei qtiin(e,cercetarea obiectului ei se identific[ cu anumitemomente ce trebuieneapdrat parcurse: momentul ontologic (unul prealabil constituiriigtiintei) gi momentulgtiinfific (ulterior constituirii gtiin{ei). Intre acestea se intercaleazimomentul epistemologic (constituirea obiectului). Dupd pdrereasa, primatulmomentului ontologic line de structuralogicd a procesuluigtiin{ific ai ntt de temporalitateaacestuia. in ceeace privegtedemersul gtiin{ific al sociologiei,consideraliile generale de rnai susdobdndesc, in opinia lui Herseni,urmdtorul sens: societatea ca obiectal sociologieitrebuie cercetatSin doud momentediferite - ,,Lttlmoment prealabil constituirii sociologieica gtiin!6,in care societateaeste analizati ca existenfd,9i un moment ulterior, dupd ce existenfasocietilii e dovediti (gi numai dacde dovediti), in care se urmdregteexistenfa ca societatesau, pentru ci accentulde-acum cade pe societate,putem spunec[ se urmdregtesocietatea ca societate"'. Prin fucrareaRealitatea sociald. Incercare de ontologie regionald, Tr. Herseni incearcdsd lamureascdo problem6precisd gi perfect delimitatS,realitatea sociald o Traian Herseni,Realitatea sociald ..., p.7. 7 Ibidem,p.4-5. 8 lbidem, p. lo. n Traian Herseni,op. cit., p.l}; Acest citat, ca de altfel toate cele pe care le reproducemdin lucririle lui t{erseni, contureaTiun anumit stil al gdndirii sale.care este cel al unorjocuri semantice,de configurare gi reconfigurare a unor semnificafii. Formulirile tipice penuu acest stil sunt: ,.sociologia ca 9tiinf6", .,sociologia ca ontologie regionali", ,,societateaca existenlf,', ,,existenfaca societate". ,,societateaca societate;'.Acest stil cu expresii grele gi intorsaturi face de multe ori dificild comutareapropozitiilor lui Herseni.de aceeain paginile studiului nostruam oferit spalii rnai intinse citateloracestuia- FIoren[aStdvirache ca existen!5,justific6nd in acestfel gi opliunea pentru subtitlul ales ,,incercarede ontologieregional6". Dar ce semnifica pentru Herseni conceptul de ,,regiune ontologici"? Rdspunsulla aceastdintrebare, ce presupuneqi stabilireasemnifica{iilor ontologiei regionale, este cuprins in sinteza sa asupra sociologiei rominegti, in care i;i
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Revistă Lunară Editată De Centrul Cultural Judeţean Constanţa „Teodor T
    DATINA Serie nouă, anul 6, nr. 80, decembrie 2020 www.cctb.ro Revistă lunară editată de Centrul Cultural Judeţean Constanţa „Teodor T. Burada” al Consiliului Județean Constanța Piesă vestimentară semnată de Lucia Niculescu, expert în cadrul compartimentului Școala Populară de Arte și Meserii, catedra Arte Vizuale, clasa Design Vestimentar Cuprins De pe la noi 4 „Pentru toate este un timp” Profesorii noştri 25 Amor vincit omnia! Doru Iftene Obiceiuri de pe la noi 7 Ignat și inătoarea Românii sunt pretutindeni 27 Valentina Andrei a cucerit Elveţia Dobrogea – locuri şi oameni de poveste 10 O iarnă înverșunată 2020 Anul Gusti 29 Contribuţia lui Dimitrie Gusti Eveniment în crearea știinţei sociologice 13 Festivalul Internaţional de Muzică Corală „I.D.Chirescu” Cernavodă - Ediţie Online Inedit 33 Liviu Rebreanu și Constanţa Spiritualitate 15 Ovidius în fondul patrimonial al Reconstituiri bibliotecilor constănţene 35 N. Mihăescu - un poet erou „Pe căi dificile, către astre” Remember 18 Interviu cu prof. univ. dr. hab. Floretina Nicolae 36 Decembrie în istoria Dobrogei La pas prin Dobrogea istorică Copilărie 20 Tulcea cosmopolită a secolului al XIX-lea; 37 Expoziţie de desene ale copiilor mahalalele etnice Datina, fondată în 1991, serie nouă, Revistă lunară editată de Centrul Cultural Judeţean Constanţa „Teodor T. Burada” al Consiliului Judeţean Constanţa ISSN 1221-2253 DIRECTOR GENERAL INTERIMAR: ALINA ONEL REDACTOR ŞEF: CONF.UNIV. DR. AURELIA LĂPUŞAN REDACTORI: ANA MARIA ŞTEFAN, IULIA PANĂ, RALUCA PETRE, OVIDIU DUNĂREANU, ADRIAN NICOLA Director economic interimar:Andreea TOADER Tehnoredactor: Traian Mircea VOINEAGU Corectură: Daniela Andra COJOCEA Copyright text şi fotografii © Centrul Cultural Judeţean Constanţa „Teodor T. Burada” Copyright prezentare grafică © 2016 Editura Datina Iconografie: arhiva Centrului şi colecţii particulare Tiparul FOTO STORY SRL Constanţa, bd.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociologie Românească on Behalf Of
    Sociologie Românească ISSN: 2668-1455 (print), ISSN: 1220-5389 (electronic) REZONANȚE GUSTIENE: LEGĂTURI ISTORICE, EPISTEMOLOGICE ȘI DE DESTIN ÎNTRE SOCIOLOGIE ȘI ANTROPOLOGIE Gheorghiță GEANĂ Sociologie Românească, 2020, vol. 18, Issue 2, pp. 140-162 https://doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.7 Published by: Expert Projects Publishing House expert projects publishing On behalf of: Asociația Română de Sociologie 3 SOCIOLOGIE ROMÂNEASCĂ - VOLUMUL 18(2)/2020 REZONANȚE GUSTIENE: LEGĂTURI ISTORICE, EPISTEMOLOGICE ȘI DE DESTIN ÎNTRE SOCIOLOGIE ȘI ANTROPOLOGIE Gheorghiță GEANĂ1 Abstract In the interwar period of time, a team of four to six biological anthropologists headed by Francisc Rainer attended the monographical researches in the framework of Dimitrie Gusti’s Sociological School. After war, while sociology was abolished by the communist political regime, anthropology survived under the leadership of the physician Ștefan Milcu, an ex-member of Rainer’s team. As Director of the Anthropological Research Centre, Milcu took over the idea of monographical research ‒ this time from a bioanthropological perspective. However, he invited to researches a few social scientists to cover some aspects of demography, family studies, ethnography etc. Among them, especially Traian Herseni and Vasile Caramelea (under the protection identity of “demographer”, “or statistician”) produced outstanding contributions to the monographs of the villages Clopotiva, Bătrîna, Nucșoara & Cîmpu lui Neag ‒ all of them in the district of Hațeg, an ancient county of great importance for understanding the genesis of the Romanian people. A collateral super-eff ect of this activity was the foundation ‒ în 1964, at Vasile Caramelea’s initiative ‒ of the Section of cultural anthropology in the organization of the Anthropological Research Centre.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociology Versus Ideology in Communist Romania: Sociology’S Re-Emergence and Role
    SOCIOLOGY VERSUS IDEOLOGY IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA: SOCIOLOGY’S RE-EMERGENCE AND ROLE Stefan Bosomitu Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes and the Memory of the Romanian Exile, Bucharest By the end of the Second World War, Romanian sociology was an aca- demic discipline with a distinguished tradition. It was hoping to obtain international recognition during the 1939 International Sociological Con- gress, which was scheduled to take place in Bucharest, but the outbreak of the Second World War annulled what was supposed to be Romanian so- ciology’s “finest hour.” Interwar Romanian sociology was to a certain de- gree synonymous with its most important figure, Dimitrie Gusti, who was also the founder of the Bucharest Sociological School (the “Monographic School”), a scholarly infrastructure built around an impressive institutional network. Dimitrie Gusti became the chair of the Sociology Department of the University of Bucharest just after the end of the First World War, and subsequently initiated several projects that led to the institutionalisa- tion of sociology in Romania. He was the founder and manager of various institutions: the Association of Science and Social Reform (1919–1921), the Romanian Social Institute (1921–1939, 1944–1948), the Romanian Insti- tute of Social Sciences (1939–1944), and the Village Museum (founded in 1936). He also initiated the publication of several periodicals: the Archive for Science and Social Reform (1919–1943), and Romanian Sociolog y (1936–1944). Gusti and his “school” focused on monographic rural studies, and initiated intensive research into Romanian villages. The main purpose was to imple- ment an extensive project of modernising Romanian society through so- cial intervention, community development, and social engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 15 TRONDHEIM STUDIES on EAST EUROPEAN CULTURES
    No. 15 TRONDHEIM STUDIES ON EAST EUROPEAN CULTURES & SOCIETIES Constantin Iordachi CHARISMA, POLITICS AND VIOLENCE: THE LEGION OF THE “ARCHANGEL MICHAEL” IN INTER-WAR ROMANIA December 2004 Constantin Iordachi is Assistant Professor of Comparative History at the Central (XURSHDQ8QLYHUVLW\ &(8 %XGDSHVW+HJUDGXDWHGIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI %XFKDUHVW %$ DQGWKH,QVWLWXWHRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WXGLHV8QLYHUVLW\RI/HHGV 0$ DQGKDVHDUQHGKLV3K'LQKLVWRU\DWWKH&(8,RUGDFKLLVVSHFLDOL]LQJ in the comparative social and institutional history of Central and Southeastern Europe, with an emphasis on citizenship studies, fascism and the history of historiography. He published numerous articles in various scholarly journals and edited books, mainly in Romanian, Hungarian and English. His book The Making of Citizenship in Southeastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Ceuntry: The Case of Romania, is forthcoming with the CEU Press. ISSN 1501-6684 ISBN 82-995792-3-6 © 2004 Constantin Iordachi and the Program on East European Culture and Societies, a program of the faculty of Arts. Norwegian University of science and Technology. Trondheim studies on East European Cultures and Societies Editor: György Péteri Editorial board: Trond Berge, Tanja Ellingsen, Knut Andreas Grimstad, Arne Halvorsen, Sabrina P. Ramet We encourage submission to the Trondheim Studies on East European Culture and Societies. Inconclusion in the series will be based on anonymous review. Manuscripts are expected to be in English (exception is made for Norwegian 0DVWHUCVDQG3K'WKHVLV DQGQRWH[FHHGGRXEOHVSDFHGSDJHV3RVWDODGGUHVV
    [Show full text]
  • The First Book Presenting Romanian Sociology in the American Scholarly Literature – Robert Joseph Kerner’S Book of 1930
    CONEXIUNI EXTERNE ALE ŞCOLII THE FIRST BOOK PRESENTING ROMANIAN SOCIOLOGY IN THE AMERICAN SCHOLARLY LITERATURE – ROBERT JOSEPH KERNER’S BOOK OF 1930 Acad. MIHAIL M. CERNEA* ABSTRACT This study examines one highly significant event in the history of Romania’s sociology that until now has been largely unknown publicly for an astonishing long period: almost nine decades. The “hero” at the center of that event is the important academic book published in the USA in April 1930 by the American historian Robert J. Kerner, about the Social Sciences in the Balkans and in Turkey, based on Kerner’s visits to Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey. The book contains a detailed, documented first hand, highly informative and robustly analytical chapter on the ‘state of the art’ in Romania’s sociology in 1928–1929. Cernea describes the serendipitous circumstances in which he discovered the book in 1979, – and realized that Kerner’s book contained the first and earliest presentation of Romania’s sociology in the USA. This discovery corrects the widespread but erroneous attribution of priority in this respect to Philip E. Mosley’s 1935 visit as a young American student to Romania. The study presents Kerner’s professional personality as an internationally recognized scholar, and informs that, at Nicolae Iorga’s recommendation, Kerner was elected in 1938 as Corresponding Member of the Academia Română (Romanian Academy). Cernea synthesizes Kerner’s importance for the history of Romania’s sociology in three essential features: a) his book is the first comprehensive presentation abroad of Romania’s sociology between WW I and WW II; b) the outstanding analytical assessment of its achievements; and c) Kerner’s comparative evaluation and ranking of sociology in România, leading to Kerner’s overall conclusion that “in România sociology is better developed than anywhere else in the Balkans.” Keywords: Robert J.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE HOLOCAUST IN ROMANIA FINAL REPORT www.polirom.ro Editura POLIROM Ia[i, B-dul Carol I nr. 4, P.O. BOX 266, 700506 Bucure[ti, B-dul I.C. Br\tianu nr. 6, et. 7, ap. 33, O.P. 37, P.O. BOX 1-728, 030174 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Na]ionale a României: INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE HOLOCAUST IN ROMANIA (Bucure[ti) Final Report / International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania; president of the commission: Elie Wiesel; ed. Tuvia Friling, Radu Ioanid, Mihail E. Ionescu. Ia[i: Polirom, 2004 ISBN: 973-681-989-2 I. Wiesel, Elie (pre[ed.) II. Friling, Tuvia (ed.) III. Ioanid, Radu (ed.) IV. Ionescu, Mihail E. (ed.) 323.1(=411.16)(498)1939/1945 94(=411.16)(498)1939/1945 Printed in ROMANIA President of the Commission: Elie Wiesel Editors: Tuvia Friling, Radu Ioanid, Mihail E. Ionescu POLIROM 2004 The members of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania: Chairman: Elie Wiesel Vice-chairmen: Tuvia Friling (State Archivist of Israel), Radu Ioanid (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) and Mihail E. Ionescu (Institute for Political Defense and Military History, Bucharest) Members: Ioan Scurtu (Commission secretary Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest), Viorel Achim (Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest), Jean Ancel (Yad Vashem, Jerusa- lem), Colette Avital (member of the Israeli Parliament), Andrew Baker (American Jewish Commit- tee), Lya Benjamin (Center for the Study of Jewish History, Bucharest), Liviu Beris (Association of the Survivors of the Holocaust in Romania), Randolph Braham (City University of New York), Irina Cajal Marin (Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania), Adrian Cioflânca (A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Article –
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSERVATION SCIENCE ISSN: 2067-533X Volume 12, Issue 1, January-March 2021: 143-154 www.ijcs.ro CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SCIENTIST DIMITRIE GUSTI TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VILLAGE MUSEUM Gabriela LAZAREANU1* 1 Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi,Faculty of Orthodox Theology,Department of Social Assistance, 9 Cloşca Street, Iaşi RO-700066, Romania Abstract The paper presents the aspects related to the importance of the intellectual movement for saving ethnographic, historical, religious values, etc. of the Romanian village from the interwar period, emerged from the work of the Romanian ethnosociologist Dimitrie Gusti. Its name is related to the Village Museum of Ethnography and Rural Civilization in Bucharest and was the result of extensive research conducted by interdisciplinary teams that aimed to encourage the development and evolution of the Romanian village. They brought together specialists from all fields: ethnography, sociology, folklore, economics, anthropology, medicine, botany, history who researched the village world, involving all areas of Romania and Bessarabia, from several perspectives. The result of this research allowed the mapping of Romanian villages from the interwar period. Between 1923 and 1933 he was elected Minister of Education and thanks to him the Romanian School of Sociology was established, whose theoretical research and debates were much appreciated in Europe. He had important contributions in the knowledge of the traditional rural population of the Romanian people. He introduced new directions in interdisciplinary sociological research, carried out on the ground in different rural areas. During his term as Minister of Education and as President of the Romanian Academy, he is the initiator of a law on social services, adopted in 1939 and considered a world premiere.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociological Monographs and the Rural Sociological Atlas
    SOCIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS AND THE RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL ATLAS TOWARDS A METHODOLOGY OF RURAL RESEARCH VERONICA DUMITRAŞCU The Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy This article attempts to realize a radiography of rural life through the inventory of some research methods and techniques in the Romanian rural communities. The sociological monographs, including the sociological rural atlas, were the epitome of Gustian sociology. The research of the social reality function of some key aspects – economic, political, religious level – would provide a more comprehensive perspective to isolated elements that, otherwise, cannot make up a complete picture of the Romanian village. Hence, the monograph brings unity to past and present realities. The dynamic character of sociology, focused on by the Sociological School of Bucharest can be tapped into nowadays too. The sociologist is called forth more than ever to interfere in the social life. In this case, the methodological tool is very useful. Through the Social Atlas, the problems of rural communities can be diagnosed and can be foreseen and thus some serious problems which take place in a social dimension can be averted. Hence, the Social Atlas project is very useful for the research of rural life, the books of maps which compose this research tool capturing the progress of social change. “Sociological studies teach us to discover and to understand the historical truth that the village is the sanctuary where the manifestation of life of the Romanian people took refuge and endured (…); the village is the embodiment of the Romanian life in a small edge of humanity. Through pantheist tenacity, the village is the keeper of the metaphysical relations of the nation with eternity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociology Versus Ideology in Communist Romania
    STATEOFAFFAIRS/13 SOCIAL THEORY: CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE STANRZECZY/13 TEORIA SPOŁECZNA. EUROPA ŚRODKOWO-WSCHODNIA Biannual /// SOCIOLOGY UNDER STATE SOCIALISM ISSUE EDITORS: MATTHIAS DULLER AND MIKOŁAJ PAWLAK campidoglio WYDAWNICTWO The Institute of Sociology University of Warsaw R e d a k c j a /// E d i t o r s Marta Bucholc, Karolina J. Dudek (Z-ca Redaktora Naczelnego/ Deputy Editor-in-Chief), Michał Łuczewski, Dominika Michalak, Jakub Bazyli Motrenko (Redaktor Naczelny/ Editor-in-Chief), Mikołaj Pawlak, Joanna Wawrzyniak Zespół Redakcyjny /// Contributing Editors Adam Gendźwiłł, Agata Łukomska, Łukasz Jurczyszyn, Robert Pawlik, Michał Rogalski, Agata Stasik Sekretarze Redakcji /// Editorial Assistants Ewa Balcerzyk – [email protected] Dominika Michalak (dział recenzji/reviews) – [email protected] Rada Redakcyjna /// Editorial Board Barbara Czarniawska, Chris Hann, Jan Kubik, Patrick Michel, Piotr Sztompka, Andrzej Walicki Redaktorzy numeru /// Guest Editors Matthias Duller, Mikołaj Pawlak Redakcja językowa /// Copy-editing Michelle Granas Redakcja techniczna /// Technical Editor Ewa Balcerzyk Redaktor statystyczny /// Statistical Editor Adam Gendźwiłł Adres Redakcji /// Editorial Office Stan Rzeczy, Instytut Socjologii UW, ul. Karowa 18, 00-927 Warszawa e-mail: [email protected] www.stanrzeczy.edu.pl Wydawca /// Publisher Instytut Socjologii UW, ul. Karowa 18, 00-927 Warszawa www.is.uw.edu.pl Partner wydawniczy /// Publishing Partner Wydawnictwo Campidoglio naszestrony.eu/campidoglio Projekt graficzny /// Graphic Design Agnieszka Popek-Banach, Kamil Banach Skład i łamanie /// Typesetting Marcin Trepczyński Cytowanie tego numeru /// To cite this issue: Stan Rzeczy [State of Affairs], numer 2(13)/2017 /// Stan Rzeczy [State of Affairs], issue 2(13)/2017 © Copyright by Instytut Socjologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2017 © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Campidoglio 2017 ISSN 2083-3059 Wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wersja papierowa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Socialist Sacred: Atheism, Religion, and Mass Culture in Romania, 1948-1989
    THE SOCIALIST SACRED: ATHEISM, RELIGION, AND MASS CULTURE IN ROMANIA, 1948-1989 BY ZSUZSÁNNA MAGDÓ DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Maria Todorova, Chair and Director of Research Professor Keith Hitchins Professor Mark Steinberg Associate Professor Zsuzsa Gille ii ABSTRACT Drawing on new archival sources, official publications, and oral histories, I challenge the self-portrayal of socialist civilizations as scientific, secular, and the “other” of everything religious. Between 1948 and 1989, the Romanian communist regime sought to disenchant believers with a scientific, materialist worldview. Yet, it likewise strove to imbue citizens’ lives with socialist sacred meaning. My work demonstrates that we cannot understand late socialism’s contradictory drive for rationalization and re-enchantment without examining how elites produced knowledge about atheism and lived religion. This dissertation analyzes elite interactions with believers and the Central Committee from 1948, when transforming religiosity emerged as a party priority, to the end of the socialist era. My chapters focus on science popularizers, preservationists, sociologists, and folklorists in institutions of cultural administration and research newly created to manage socialist beliefs and behavior. These elites shaped the place of religion and atheism in Romanian society while competing for resources within the centralized structure of the Party-State. Their voices mattered because they engaged believers for whom national and religious belonging coincided. Elites also provided specialized knowledge for party organs committed to achieve convergence between ideology and citizens’ subjectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • IN STATE SOCIALIST ROMANIA, 1960S–1980S: CONTEXTS and GENEALOGIES
    DOI: 10.14754/CEU.2019.03 ACCOUNTING FOR THE “SOCIAL” IN STATE SOCIALIST ROMANIA, 1960s–1980s: CONTEXTS AND GENEALOGIES Adela Hîncu A DISSERTATION in History Presented to the Faculties of the Central European University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Budapest, Hungary 2019 CEU eTD Collection Supervisor of Dissertation Balázs Trencsényi DOI: 10.14754/CEU.2019.03 Copyright in the text of this dissertation rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or in part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European University Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions and no materials previously written and/or published by another person unless otherwise noted. CEU eTD Collection DOI: 10.14754/CEU.2019.03 Abstract This dissertation reconstructs the contexts and genealogies of scientific thought on the “social” in state socialist Romania in the 1960s–1980s. New ideas and practices of observing, analyzing, and intervening in the social realities of socialist society emerged beginning in the early 1960s, originally in debates over the canonical disciplines of Marxist-Leninist social science (historical materialism, scientific socialism, and Marxist sociology). These were further developed by Marxist revisionist and humanist Marxist thought on the relationship between individuals and society in socialism, which decentered the collectivist ethos characteristic of “dogmatic” Marxism-Leninist philosophy for most of the 1950s.
    [Show full text]
  • 693 Traian Herseni
    TRAIAN HERSENI - REPERE ALE CERCETĂRII SOCIOLOGICE VIORICA BICA [email protected] Biblioteca Municipală ”Octavian Paler” - Făgăraş TRAIAN HERSENI - REPÈRES DE LA RECHERCHE SOCIOLOGIQUE RÉSUMÉ L’Ecole sociologique de Bucarest, fondée au sortir de la Première Guerre mondi- ale par Dimitrie Gusti, a défini un programme d’envergure dans le contexte européen de l’entre-deux-guerres. Dans l’histoire de la sociologie, L’Ecole sociologique de Bucarest devient un forum de dialogue scientifique concernant les problèmes de la connaissance et de la modernisation du pays. A partir de 1925, le sociologue commence la série des campagnes de sociologie monographique. Son oeuvre s'axe sur une conception de la réalité sociale comme un tout, que venait renforcer la loi du parallélisme sociologique. Ses disciples, Mircea Vulcănescu, Anton Go- lopenția, Traian Herseni, Octavian Neamțu, Gheorghe Retegan poursuivent des recherches en sciences sociales: ethnographie, statistique, économie, histoire. La société humaine est une unité consciente qui se forme et se maintient par les rapports qui lient ses membres. La réalité sociale se distingue donc, des autres réalités, par une relative indépendance de la volonté humaine par rapport au monde. Dans le même sens, T. Herseni affirme que ”la volonté donne à toutes les idées et à tous les sentiments humains la force de leur réalisation sociale”. Sa conception de l'explication sociologique a été inno- vante. Pour le sociologue, la société présente, dans son ensemble, des manifestations écono- miques, spirituelles, juridiques qui déterminent les droits et les devoirs des hommes et politiques (politico-administratives) qui organisent la vie en commun et tous les problèmes d'ordre public.
    [Show full text]