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Sociology Versus Ideology in Communist Romania STATEOFAFFAIRS/13 SOCIAL THEORY: CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE STANRZECZY/13 TEORIA SPOŁECZNA. EUROPA ŚRODKOWO-WSCHODNIA Biannual /// SOCIOLOGY UNDER STATE SOCIALISM ISSUE EDITORS: MATTHIAS DULLER AND MIKOŁAJ PAWLAK campidoglio WYDAWNICTWO The Institute of Sociology University of Warsaw R e d a k c j a /// E d i t o r s Marta Bucholc, Karolina J. Dudek (Z-ca Redaktora Naczelnego/ Deputy Editor-in-Chief), Michał Łuczewski, Dominika Michalak, Jakub Bazyli Motrenko (Redaktor Naczelny/ Editor-in-Chief), Mikołaj Pawlak, Joanna Wawrzyniak Zespół Redakcyjny /// Contributing Editors Adam Gendźwiłł, Agata Łukomska, Łukasz Jurczyszyn, Robert Pawlik, Michał Rogalski, Agata Stasik Sekretarze Redakcji /// Editorial Assistants Ewa Balcerzyk – [email protected] Dominika Michalak (dział recenzji/reviews) – [email protected] Rada Redakcyjna /// Editorial Board Barbara Czarniawska, Chris Hann, Jan Kubik, Patrick Michel, Piotr Sztompka, Andrzej Walicki Redaktorzy numeru /// Guest Editors Matthias Duller, Mikołaj Pawlak Redakcja językowa /// Copy-editing Michelle Granas Redakcja techniczna /// Technical Editor Ewa Balcerzyk Redaktor statystyczny /// Statistical Editor Adam Gendźwiłł Adres Redakcji /// Editorial Office Stan Rzeczy, Instytut Socjologii UW, ul. Karowa 18, 00-927 Warszawa e-mail: [email protected] www.stanrzeczy.edu.pl Wydawca /// Publisher Instytut Socjologii UW, ul. Karowa 18, 00-927 Warszawa www.is.uw.edu.pl Partner wydawniczy /// Publishing Partner Wydawnictwo Campidoglio naszestrony.eu/campidoglio Projekt graficzny /// Graphic Design Agnieszka Popek-Banach, Kamil Banach Skład i łamanie /// Typesetting Marcin Trepczyński Cytowanie tego numeru /// To cite this issue: Stan Rzeczy [State of Affairs], numer 2(13)/2017 /// Stan Rzeczy [State of Affairs], issue 2(13)/2017 © Copyright by Instytut Socjologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2017 © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Campidoglio 2017 ISSN 2083-3059 Wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wersja papierowa. The original (reference) version of the journal is the paper edition. Nakład 200 egz. Print run: 200 copies Publikacja jest współfinansowana ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dotacji na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (551/P-DUN/2016). This publication is co-financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from grants for the dissemination of science (551/P-DUN/2016). 13 CONTENTS /7 Matthias Duller, Mikołaj Pawlak – Introduction: Varieties of Sociology under State Socialism /19 SOCIOLOGY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE /21 Georges Mink – Sociology of Social Structure and Sociologists Working in Totalitarian and Post-Totalitarian Regimes in Central Europe, 1945–1989 /45 NATIONAL SOCIOLOGIES /47 Stefan Bosomitu – Sociology Versus Ideology in Communist Romania: Sociology’s Re-Emergence and Role /67 Agnieszka Kolasa-Nowak – Polish Sociology between the Project of Organised Development and the Idea of a Return to Normality /93 Andrei Dudchik – The Birth of Sociology from the Spirit of (Critique of Bourgeois) Philosophy?: The Belarusian Case in the 1960s through 1980s /119 Sokol Lleshi, Teuta Starova – The Autonomisation of the Cultural Field in Late Socialist Albania and the Emergence of Early Sociological Research /145 RESEARCH, CONCEPTS, AND PERSPECTIVES /147 Piotr Filipkowski, Judit Gárdos, Éva Kovács, Vera Szabari – Culture over Structure: The Heritage of Lifestyle Research in the 1970s in Hungary and Poland /171 Michal Kopeček – From Scientific Social Management to Neoliberal Governmentality? Czechoslovak Sociology and Social Research on the Way from Authoritarianism to Liberal Democracy, 1969–1989 /197 Maciej Gdula – The Warsaw School of Marxism /227 Sven Eliaeson – Neoliberalism and Civil Society: Swedish Exceptionalism in a Comparative Perspective – On the Conceptual and Real History of Civil Society /255 REVIEWS /257 Florian Peters – Communist Utopia Revisited: Pavel Kolář, Der Poststalinismus. Ideologie und Utopie einer Epoche /273 Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska – Continuity or a Change of Memory? A Book on the Historical Policies of the Later Polish People’s Republic: Florian Peters, Revolution der Erinnerung: Der Zweite Weltkrieg in der Geschichtskultur des Spätsozialistischen Polen / 4 STANRZECZY [STATEOFAFFAIRS] 2(13)/2017 /277 Krzysztof Świrek – Theorising the Fall(s) of Communism: Przemysław Sadura, Upadek komunizmu w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w perspektywie współczesnych teorii rewolucji /285 Karolina Ćwiek-Rogalska – The Premature Ends of Central Europe: Weronika Parfianowicz-Vertun,Europa Środkowa w tekstach i działaniach. Polskie i czeskie dyskusje /299 Friedrich Cain – Sociological Interventions from the Margins: Stanisław Ossowski, Stanisław Ossowski w pełnym blasku. Suplement do „Dzieł”, ed. Antoni Sułek /307 Jarosław Kilias – Reflections on the Provincialism of Polish Political Science: Tomasz Warczok, Tomasz Zarycki, Gra peryferyjna. Polska politologia w globalnym polu nauk społecznych /313 Dorota Wolska – Phenomenology as a Possibility of Social Thought: Elżbieta Hałas (ed.), Life-World, Intersubjectivity and Culture: Contemporary Dilemmas /321 HOW TO PUBLISH IN STAN RZECZY /325 FORTHCOMING AND CALL FOR PAPERS STANRZECZY [STATEOFAFFAIRS] 2(13)/2017 / 5 INTRODUCTION: VARIETIES OF SOCIOLOGY UNDER STATE SOCIALISM Matthias Duller University of Graz Centre for Advanced Study Sofia Mikołaj Pawlak University of Warsaw Viewed from afar, the political situations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe under communist rule appear to have been roughly the same. It may thus seem obvious that the experiences of sociologists – and their institutional and epistemological situations – were also the same. But when we look more closely, it turns out that due to diverse national pre- war traditions, the different natures of socialist regimes, and the power of links to Western sociology, conditions were much more diverse than might have been expected. In this issue of Stan Rzecz y (State of Affairs) we bring together the writings of scholars from Poland, the Czech Republic, Belarus, Hungary, Romania, Albania, and Sweden to explore the diver- sity and similarity of sociology in these countries in terms of sociologists’ roles, attitudes toward Marxism as a live tradition and official ideology, the development of concepts, the inclination to engage in empirical research, and so on. The inspiration came from three sessions organised by Mat- thias Duller, an editor of this issue, at the Interim Conference of the ISA Research Committee on the History of Sociology “Monuments, Relics, and Revivals” held in Warsaw in June 2016. The present special issue is devoted to the history of sociology in East- ern Europe under state socialism. Most of the articles that follow deal with specific aspects of sociology in one or more countries; one article presents a framework for thinking about the topic in general. Here in the introduc- tion we will place the subject in the context of social sciences beyond the socialist orbit. The stunning rise of the social sciences after the end of the Second World War is not only interesting to social scientists for self-reflective pur- STANRZECZY [STATEOFAFFAIRS] 2(13)/2017 / 7 poses but is a historical phenomenon worth studying in its own right (com- pare Backhouse & Fontaine 2010, 2014). The social sciences were elevated in connection with the global movement championing the sciences as the dominant and only legitimate knowledge system (Drori et al. 2003). While the centre of scientific knowledge undoubtedly moved from Europe to North America, the expansion of the science system was not just a simple process of diffusion from North America outwards but was a reaction to the challenges of the post-war era everywhere in the world. Two of these challenges are of particular importance for the social sciences: the unparalleled pace of modernisation, and the Cold War, a mili- tary and cultural confrontation of competing “systems” with different an- swers to modernisation. Both have been discussed at great length in studies on the history of the social sciences in the Western world. Although it is obvious that the former Eastern bloc was affected by modernisation and the Cold War to at least the same degree as the West, such discussions in its regard are extremely rare. This special issue is intended to help fill the gap. Modernisation, societal transformation, and the position of men and women in the modern world engendered the intellectual predisposition to make human affairs a matter of systematic inquiry, and provided a fa- voured object of study: from Comte to Marx and the founding fathers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, sociology has involved the study of modernity. On a global level, however, modernity’s institu- tional “take-off” – to use a famous metaphor from modernisation theory – occurred only after the end of the Second World War. Then practically all societies, from “first world” capitalist democracies to “second world” socialist societies and “third world” postcolonial states, invested heavily in economic growth, industrialisation, social welfare, and, of course, the science and education that were supposed to provide the knowledge for these developments. The number of countries with a national science- -policy organisation, for example, rose from less than twenty in the 1930s to over ninety in 1990 (Drori et al. 2003: 3). Most importantly, worldwide the university system expanded dramatically. The average number of stu- dents per 100,000 inhabitants rose from
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