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Lineage Chart of the Zen Ancestors in China

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Lineage Chart of the Zen Ancestors in China C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q Introduction Bodhidharma Map All Zen (Chinese, "Chan") schools in the world today are derived from the Buddhist masters of ancient China displayed on this "map." At the top is Bodhidharma, the twenty- Map Puti Damo P'u-ti Ta-mo eighth master of the traditional lineage descending from Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha. Remembered as the "First Ancestor" of China, Bodhidharma transmitted Zen from India 1 around the late fifth century C.E. Below Bodhidharma are his spiritual descendants, who were in turn the disciples and masters of later Zen generations. The "Sixth Ancestor," Dajian Huineng (I6), is the most famous of the ancient Chinese Zen masters. Five traditionally prominent Zen schools, or "houses," trace their historical of the Bodai Daruma line through Huineng and his two students, Nanyue Huairang and Qingyuan Xingsi. These five houses are named, in chronological order, the Guiyang, Linji, Caodong, Yunmen, and of the d. 536? C.E. Fayan schools. During the eleventh century the Linji school divided into the prominent Huanglong and Yangqi branches. Dajian Huineng and his lineage are know as the "Southern" school of Zen. But besides this historically dominant school and its five houses, other Zen schools also existed. Four of them–the Oxhead, Northern, Sichuan, and Heze schools–are represented on this map with their founders. Dazu Huike Individual boxes on the map list, from top to bottom, each ancestor's name as it is written in Chinese pinyin transliteration, Chinese Wade-Giles transliteration, Chinese charac- ZenZen Ta-tsu Hui-k’o ters, and Japanese romaji transliteration, respectively. Birth and death dates are then indicated when known. Quotation marks indicate alternative names. Chinese names are omit- ted for individuals from Korea and Japan. Disciples of one teacher are arranged with the more senior student on the left. 2 The index lists the names of individuals alphabetically according to their pinyin spellings. The "Location" column displays each ancestor's position on the map. The chapter (or Taiso Eka "case") numbers of certain classic Zen texts where an ancestor prominently appears are indicated. Virtually all of the Zen masters on this map had other disciples who are not shown. 487-593 Other Countries - Vietnam, Korea, and Japan AncestorsAncestors By tradition, the Indian Zen master Vinitaruci, a disciple of the third Chinese ancestor Jianzhi Sengsan (I3), established the first Zen school in Vietnam in 580 C.E. In 820 the Bodhidharma Chinese master Wu Yantong, a disciple of Baizhang Huaihai (A9), went to Vietnam and started the prominent Vo-Ngon-Thong Zen school. The Chinese monk Cao Tang, a disciple of The Traditional First Zen Ancestor in the Yunmen lineage master Xuedou Chongxian (H16), established the Vietnamese Thao-Duong Zen school in the late eleventh century. Although these schools passed out of exis- China, 28th in the Lineage Jianzhi Sengcan tence, Zen gained new life in Vietnam when the Nguyen Thieu and Lieu-Quan schools, branches of the Linji/Yangqi lineage, were established there in the seventeenth and eighteenth Descending from Shakyamuni Buddha Chien-chih Sêng-ts’an centuries. These two schools have continued to modern times. Beginning with the fourth Chinese ancestor, Dayi Daoxin, many Chinese Zen masters had Korean disciples. In particular, some Chinese masters who studied under the great 3 Mazu Daoyi (A8) had Korean students. Several of these individuals returned home as confirmed Zen masters to help create the "Nine Sôn (Zen) Mountains," nine famous schools of Kanchi Sôsan Korean Zen. The king of Korea once dispatched thirty-six monks from his kingdom to study under the Chinese Fayan master Yongming Yanshou (O17), each of them receiving dhar- d. 606 ma transmission. The recorded teachings of the Chinese Linji/Yangqi teacher Dahui Zonggao (A22) exerted great influence on Pojo Chinul (1158-1210), the famous Korean master who revitalized Zen in that country. Perhaps most significantly, the Chinese Zen master Shiwu confirmed the enlightenment of the Korean master Taegu Pou (C23), passing to him dharma transmission of the Linji/Yangqi lineage. Taegu Pou then returned to Korea and unified the "Nine Mountains" into the Chogye order, thereafter the main Korean Zen school down to the present day. Dayi Daoxin Several individuals carried Zen to Japan during its early history. The first was the monk Dôshô (628-670), who introduced Zen to Japan after studying under Huiman, a second Ta-i Tao-hsin generation Chinese disciple of Dazu Huike (I2). Myôan Eisai (A23) established Rinzai Zen in Japan after receiving dharma transmission from the Chinese Linji/Huanglong master Xuan Huaichang. Soon thereafter, Eihei Dôgen (E24) traveled to China and received transmission from the Caodong master Tiantong Rujing. Dôgen is regarded as the founder of 4 Sôtô Zen in Japan. The Yangqi branch of the Linji school took root in Japan with the Japanese master Nampo Jômyô (B23), a disciple of the Chinese master Xutang Zhiyu. Eighteen Daii Dôshin generations after Jômyô, this line reached Hakuin Ekaku, who revitalized the Japanese Rinzai school during the eighteenth century. 580-651 Oxhead School Daman Hongren Niutou Farong "Huangmei" Niu-t'ou Fa-jung Ta-man Hung-jên 5 Daiman Kônin Gozu Hôyû 602-675 594-657 Southern School Northern School Sichuan School Compiled by Andy Ferguson Dajian Huineng Yuquan Shenxiu Zizhou Zhishen "Caoxi" "Datong" Tsü-chou Chih-shên South Mountain Publications Ta-chien Hui-nêng Yü-ch'üan Shên-hsiu 6 Daikan Enô Gyokusen Jinshû Shishû Chisen Dajian Huineng 638-713 d. 706 609-702 The Sixth Ancestor Heze School Nanyue Huairang Qingyuan Xingsi Nanyang Huizhong Yongjia Xuanjue Heze Shenhui Songshan Puji Zizhou Chuji Nan-yüeh Huai-jang Nanyue Line Frame Color Ch’ing-yüan Hsing- Nan-yang Hui-chung Yung-chia Hsüan- Ho-tsê Shên-hui Sung-shan P'u-chi Tsü-chou Ch'u-chi ssü chüeh 7 Qingyuan Line Frame Color 7 Nan’yô Echû Nangaku Ejô Seigen Gyôshi Yôka Genkaku Kataku Jinne Sûzan Fujaku Shishû Shojaku 677-744 The Five Traditional Houses of Zen-Color Code d. 740 d. 775 d. 713 670-762 651-739 648-734 Guiyang (Igyô) School Mazu Daoyi Linji (Rinzai) School Shitou Xiqian Danyuan Yingzhen Cizhou Faru Dingzhou Shizang Jingzhong Wuxiang Ma-tsu Tao-i Shih-t’ou Hsi-ch’ien Tan-yüan Ying-chên Ts'ü-chou Fa-ju Ting-chou Shih-tsang Ching-chung Wu- Caodong (Sôtô) School Hsiang 8 8 Baso Dôitsu Yunmen (Ummon) School Sekitô Kisen Tangen Ôshin Jishû Hônyo Jôshû Sekisô Jôshû Musô 709-88 700-790 n.d. 723-811 714-800 684-762 Fayan (Hôgen) School Baizhang Huaihai Xitang Zhizang Zhangjing Huaiyun Yanguan Qian Damei Fachang Guizong Zhichang Pangyun Mayu Baoche Panshan Baoji Luzu Baoyun Zhongyi Hongen Wujiu Youxuan Nanquan Puyuan Yaoshan Weiyan Danxia Tianran Tianhuang Daowu Jingzhong Shenhui Pai-chang Huai-hai Hsi-t’ang Chih-tsang Chang-ching Huai-yün Yen-kuan Ch’i-an Ta-mei Fa-ch’ang Kuei-tsung Chih- "Layman Pang" Ma-yü Pao-ch’ê P’an-shan Pao-chi Lu-tsu Pao-yün Chung-i Hung-ên Wu-chiu Yu-hsüan Nan-ch'üan Pu-yüan Yao-shan Wei-yen Tan-hsia T’ien-jan T’ien-huang Tao-wu Ching-chung Shên-hui ch’ang P’ang Yün 9 9 Hyakujô Ekai Seidô Chizô Shôkei Eki Enkan Seian Daibai Hôjô Kisu Chijô Hôon Mayoku Hôtetsu Banzan Hôshaku Roso Hôun Chûyû Kôon Ukyû Yûgen Nansen Fugan Yakusan Igen Tanka Tenen Tennô Dôgo Jôshû Jinne 720-814 735-814 754-815 750-842 752-839 n.d. 740-808 n.d. 720-814 n.d. n.d. n.d. 748-835 751-834 738-824 748-807 720-94 Huangbo Xiyun Wufeng Changguan Guishan Daan Baizhang Niepan Guishan Lingyou Guannan Daochang Hangzhou Tianlong Gaoan Dayu Changsha Jingcen Zhaozhou Congshen Yunyan Tansheng Chuanzi Decheng Daowu Yuanzhi Cuiwei Wuxue Longtan Chongxin Shengshou Nanyin Huang-po Hsi-yün Wu-fêng Ch'ang-kuan "Lazy An" Pai-chang Nieh-p'an Kuei-shan Ling-yu Kuan-nan Tao-ch'ang Hang-chou T’ien-lung Kao-an Ta-yü Ch'ang-sha Ching- Chao-chou Ts’ung- Yün-yen T’an-shêng “The Boatmonk” Tao-wu Yüan-chih Ts’ui-wei Wu-hsüeh Lung-t’an Ch’ung-hsin Shêng-shou Nan-yin Kuei-shan Ta-an ts'ên shên Ch’uan-tzü Tê-ch’êng 10 10 Isan Reiyû Kannan Dôjô Ryûtan Sôshin Seijû Nan'in Ôbaku Kiun Gohô Jôkan Isan Daian Hyakujô Nehan Kôshû Tenryû Kôan Daigu Chôsha Keishin Jôshû Jûshin Ungan Donjô Sensu Tokujô Dôgo Enchi Suibi Mugaku d. 850 n.d. 793-883 n.d. 771-853 n.d. d. 9th c. n.d. n.d. 778-897 780-841 n.d. 769-835 n.d. n.d. n.d. Linji Yixuan Muzhou Daoming Dasui Fazhen Lingyun Zhiqin Jingzhao Mihu Yangshan Huiji Xiangyan Zhixian Liu Tiemo Jinhua Juzhi Moshan Liaoran Yanyang Shanxin Dongshan Liangjie Jiashan Shanhui Shishuang Qingzhu Touzi Datong Deshan Xuanjian Suizhou Daoyuan Tung-shan Liang- Lin-chi I-hsüan Mu-chou Tao-ming Ta-sui Fa-chên Ling-yün Chih-ch’in Ching-chao Mi-hu Yang-shan Hui-chi Hsiang-yen Chih- Liu T’ieh-mo Chin-hua Chü-chih Mo-shan Liao-jan Yen-yang Shan-hsin Chia-shan Shan-hui Shih-shuang Ch’ing- T’ou-tzü Ta-t’ung Tê-shan Hsüan-chien Sui-chou Tao-yüan hsien chieh chu 11 11 Rinzai Gigen Reiun Shigon Keichô Beiko Kyôzan Ejaku Ryû Tetsuma Kinka Gutei Massan Ryônen Kassan Zenne Tôsu Daidô Tokusan Senkan Suishû Dôen Bokushû Dômyô Daizui Hôshin Kyôgen Chikan Genyô Zenshin Tôzan Ryôkai Sekisô Keisho d. 867 780-877 878-963 n.d.
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