Tocsin 'B"1961 Effects of Nuclear Weapons Mutual Fire Ai D Industrial Preparedness Fuel Supply Planning
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December 1961 NATIONAL DIGEST Exercise Tocsin 'B"1961 Effects of Nuclear Weapons Mutual Fire Ai d Industrial Preparedness Fuel Supply Planning IVIERGENCYIMEASURES RGANIZATION THE EMO NATIONAL DIGEST Published by the Emergency Measures Organization of the Privy Council Office VOL. 1 No. 6 DECEMBER 1961 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXERCISE TOCSIN "B" 1961 The Prime Minister EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS Robert L. Corsbie COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE AID IN ONTARIO Martin S. Hurst INDUSTRIAL PREPAREDNESS R. Byrns Curry EMERGENCY FUEL SUPPLY PLANNING A. H. Morris The EMO NATIONAL DIGEST is published bi-monthly to provide current information on a broad range of subjects dealing with civil emergency planning. The magazine is published in English and French and may be obtained by writing to the Emergency Measures Organization, Privy Council Office, East Block, Ottawa. In addition to publishing articles which reflect Canadian Government policy the Digest may also publish articles by private individuals on subjects of current interest to the emergency measures programme. The views of these contributors are not necessarily subscribed to by the Federal Government. Director: R. B. Curry. Editor: A. B. Stirling. ROGER DUHAMEL, F.R.S.C. QUEEN'S PRINTER AND CONTROLLER OF' STATIONERY OTTAWA, 1961 : HIGHLIGHTS i.N THIS, the final issue of volume 1, your attention is directed to the reproduction of the Prime Minister's, the Right Honourable John G. Diefenbaker's, address to the Nation which took place during the evening of November 9th over national television. From the many requests received to reproduce the text of the Prime Minister's remarks there can be little doubt that an equal concern with emergency preparedness is shared by a great and steadily growing number of Canadians. Exercise Tocsin "B" saw all three of the armed services join with representatives of every level of government in a massive test of the Nation's emergency plans. Photographs showing various scenes across the country during the exercise appear on page 2. An article of particular interest in this issue is "The Effects of Nuclear Explosions" by Robert L. Corsbie. Long associated with the Atomic Energy Commission, Mr. Corsbie was also the senior member of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey Team which made a thorough examination of Hiroshima and Nagasaki following the end of World War II. The fact that a large number of shelters are being constructed across Canada is substantiated by the hundreds of letters and telephone calls received every day by the federal E.M.O. information office. In the February issue the DIGEST will publish a photo story describing a 30 person underground fallout shelter recently constructed by a group of Ottawa families. The Director and Staff of the Emergency Measures Organization join with the Editor in extending Season's Greetings to all DIGEST readers. [ 1 ] 52073-4-1 Halifax, N.S., Nov. 22—There were fre- In the Province of Manitoba Brigadier In the exercise CBC Studio at Penhold, quent conferences between the Federal J. E. C. Pangmon, Premier Duff Roblin and Alta., Marcel Lambert, M.P. for Edmonton Government's regional commissioner and Gordon Chown, M.P. discuss details of and Regional Commissioner for Tocsin B is his principal staff officer at Exercise Tocsin Exercise Tocsin B. interviewed by Alec Moir of the Canadian B at Camp Debert, N.S. Here Edmund Broadcasting Corporation, while the Hon- Morris, M.P. for Halifax is seen with J. G. ourable L. C. Halmrast, Provincial Minister Parsons, Regional EMO Officer. (National of Agriculture responsible for Emergency Photo) 3-1. Defence Measures in Alberta, and Brigadier J. S. Ross, Commander of the Army's Alberta Area, await their turn. TOCSIN "B 1961 Facing reporters at the federal head- Mr. Walter Matthews, M.P. for Nanaimo quarters during the Tocsin B press inter- and Federal Commissioner during Exercise met at the Nanaimo Site by view are: (left to right) Hon. G. E. Hal- Tocsin B being penny, M.P.; Hon. Raymond O'Hurley, Brigadier J. W. Bishop, B.C. Area Com- M.P.; Hon. W. M. Hamilton, M.P.; Hon. mander. Centre is Mr. C. R. Boehm, Re- D. S. Harkness, M.P., Air Marshal F. R. glanai Officer for B.C. of the Emergency Miller; R. B. Bryce; R. Byrns Curry. Measures Organization. Provincial Nuclear Warning Centre, H.Q., Emergency communications, uebec Re- Brigadier J. W. Bishop, B.C. Area Com- N.B. Area. Closed cct TV Camera top left. gional H.Q. mander greeting Admiral Finch-Noyes, Flag John E. Swanton, Manager, N.B. Telephone Officer Pacific Coast during a flying visil Co. Ltd., right, and representatives of the to Nanaimo as part of exercise Tocsin B4 company. [ 2 I ON THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 9th, THE RT. HONOURABLE JOHN G. DIEFENBAKER, PRIME MINISTER, SPOKE TO ALL CANADIANS OVER NATIONAL TELEVISION. My fellow Canadians: I want to talk with you about nuclear war most Canadians could survive, providing the preparations being made to meet the emergency that they take those preparatory measures in peace- which would follow the outbreak of war, with special time to protect them to a very real degree against the reference to the civil defence national exercises to be effects of nuclear weapons. held next Monday and Tuesday. What can you and I do now which will be of individ- I need not tell you that current international events ual and national benefit should war be launched by cause deep concern to me and my colleagues in the the U.S.S.R.? The British people in 1940 and 1941 Government who are charged with the responsibility of saved many lives by organizing civilian defence and government. The Canadian Government will never carrying it out courageously in the face of attacks. cease in its efforts for disarmament and peace in Although the dangers have been multiplied by nuclear freedom. power, we must strive to do as well. The constant search for peaceful solutions continues You and I have a large degree of personal respon- to be frustrated by an aggressive and adamantly un- sibility to take such measures of self-help that we can. reasonable Soviet attitude. We try time and again by Given the facts regarding nuclear attack, informed of patient effort and negotiation to reach agreement over the nature of the hazards to be faced, and instructed problems that divide the East and West. concerning the protective steps to be taken, we can do While solutions to basic differences have not been much to ensure survival. attained, the outbreak of war has been prevented. How- Governments at all levels have a responsibility to do ever, there is ever present the awful possibility of a everything possible to further the individual's chances crisis developing into war. Each of us wants to believe for survival. Comprehensive plans and arrangements that such a tragedy is remote, but stark reality compels are being made by the Federal Government, by each even the most optimistic to face the fact that war is not of the provincial governments, and by many hundreds as improbable as we should hope for. of municipalities in Canada to help Canadians to In a nuclear war Canada, situated between the survive. U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A., would be part of the battle- Under nuclear attack it will be the vital obligation ground. We could undoubtedly suffer severe losses as of government to aid individuals as fully as possible in the result of direct attacks upon Canadian targets, or their efforts to survive. To be in a position to do this, because much of the air defence battle might take governments will have to disperse and decentralize so place over Canadian territory. Furthermore and in any that they can operate effectively should the worst occur. case, Canadians will be exposed to the peril of radio- Manpower must be brought into action where it is active fallout from attacks on targets in the United most needed. All persons in the area of attack must States. be assured- of a fair distribution of food, emergency I a believe that even in the dire circumstances of accommodation and welfare services. There must be :i?n;3-1-1A [3] reasonably equal access to the needed medical and You will be asking yourself this question: "What health services. Essential facilities such as transport part will I play as an individual ?" and telecommunications must be equitably shared.