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School Start Time Committee Final Report to RSU 21 School Board

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School Start Time Committee Final Report to RSU 21 School Board School Start Time Committee Final Report to RSU 21 School Board May 20, 2019 (First Reading) BACKGROUND The RSU 21 School Start Time Committee (SSTC) was formed in the Fall of 2017 as an outcome of the district Strategic Plan. The charge was to explore a later start time (possibly for the 2018-19 school year). Per district policy, the committee is advisory to the School Board. Membership included representation from the school board, administration, teachers, students, and community members, as well as the district’s school physician in a consulting role. COMMITTEE MEMBERS District Administration School Board of Directors Katie Hawes Devon Havey Phil Potenziano Maureen King Sandy Fecteau MaryBeth Luce Joe Schwartzman Rachel Phipps Steve Marquis (2018-19 school year only) Consulting Physician Principals Donald Burgess, MD Marty Bouchard (2018-19 school year only) Susan Cressey Kyle Keenan Jeff Rodman (2017-18 school year only) Teachers Kent Chapman Emily Egan Ben Fogg Students Joe Bergeon (2017-18 school year only) Max Leblanc (2017-18 school year only) Parents & Community Juliet Altham Jen Hass Amy McGarry INTRODUCTION The SSTC held its first meeting October 23, 2017 and met each month through June, 2018 then continuing their work September 2018 through May 2019. Work included an extensive review of current research regarding adolescent sleep needs, videos, and guest presenters from the Maine Start School Later Chapter as well as district physician Dr. Don Burgess. NATIONAL RESEARCH In September 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a Policy Statement on School Start Times for Adolescents which recommended shifting start times for Middle School and High School to 8:30 am or later. This Policy Statement was, in part, based on a report published in 2000 on Adolescent Sleep Needs and Patterns by the National Sleep Foundation. The recommendation to start school later is based on the change in Circadian Rhythms that occurs during puberty and adolescence where melatonin secretion shifts from 9:00 pm to 10:30 pm and melatonin stops shifts from 7:30 am to 9:00 am. In addition, adolescents need 8.5 to 9.5 hours of sleep a night for optimum health given the high metabolic state of their bodies during growth. The toxic effects of sleep deprivation include the following: ● Physical health and safety ○ Increased obesity risk ○ Metabolic dysfunction (hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus) ○ Increased cardiovascular morbidity (hypertension, increased risk of stroke) ○ Increased rates of motor vehicle crashes (“drowsy driving”) ○ Higher rates of caffeine consumption; increased risk of toxicity/overdose ○ Nonmedical use of stimulant medications; diversion ○ Lower levels of physical activity ● Mental health and behavior ○ increased risk for anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation Poor impulse control and self-regulation; increased risk-taking behaviors ○ Emotional dysregulation; decreased positive affect ○ Impaired interpretation of social/emotional cues in self and others Decreased motivation Increased vulnerability to stress Academics and school performance Cognitive deficits, especially with more complex tasks Impairments in executive function (working memory, organization, time management, sustained effort) Impairments in attention and memory Deficits in abstract thinking, verbal creativity Decreased performance efficiency and output Lower academic achievement Poor school attendance Increased dropout rates Several schools across the country and, more recently, in New England, have adopted later Middle and High School start times and have shown improvement in all the issues above. A large study done in Minnesota, Colorado and Wyoming schools (Wahlstrom Study) showed that the largest percentage of children (60%) who got more than 8 hours of sleep per night were in a school that started at 8:30 am or later which is the basis for the AAP’s recommendation of 8:30 am as a reasonable start time with the most effect on adolescent sleep time. For specific research articles, please click here and find list of resources as Appendix A. STATE RESEARCH Other Maine school districts that have completed a schedule change to a later start time were contacted and a survey of area high schools was completed to gather local data regarding whether they had changed start times. Please click here to see survey results or view Appendix B. Biddeford and Saco schools changed their Middle and High School start times to 8:30 am and have shown some early improvement in the factors listed above in the almost three years since their change. There was minimal impact on student activities, including sports, from the change. The results 6 months after the change: ● Decrease in Middle School tardiness by 52% ● Decrease in Middle School Absenteeism 39% ● Decrease in High School Absenteeism 26% ● Morning visits to school nurse down by half, including early morning visits, fewer medications being administered and fewer students being sent home. ● Decrease in Period 1 Failures 20% ● Increase in the percent of students eating at breakfast at school ● Staff report students are more alert in their classrooms ● The majority (75%) of students surveyed report they are going to bed at a reasonable hour and getting over 8 hours of sleep. ● Visible decrease in students consuming caffeinated drinks in morning ELEMENTARY START TIME RESEARCH One concern raised during the committee work on later school start times was the impact on changing Middle and High start times on the start time of Elementary Schools. Further research was available as to the earliest time Elementary School children should start school and not experience either safety issues or lack of appropriate sleep. The studies show that Elementary School children should not start school any earlier than 8:00 am. RSU 21 RESEARCH Local Pediatricians Our local pediatricians provided a letter in advocacy of a later school start time for students in RSU 21 as well as a table from the Wahlstrom Study in 2014 indicating percentages of students getting eight hours of more sleep with varying school start times. Please click here to see the letter from our pediatrician or view Appendix C. Please click here to see the table from the Wahlstrom Study or view Appendix D. Transportation RSU 21 spans 117 square miles and offers 31 “regular” bus runs for students in grades Pre K-5 and again for students in grades 6-12 at the beginning and end of the school day. Additionally, there are shuttles for Pre K students from Kennebunkport and Arundel, to and from area Vocational High Schools, special education runs, field trips and athletic and extra-curricular trips. Our current earliest bus pick up time is 6:05 am and our latest drop off from our regular runs is 3:52 pm. As part of the committee’s research, we engaged Transfinder, the national organization that administers our busing software, to conduct an analysis of our transportation options and needs. Transfinder’s findings included: ● We are currently running buses most efficiently by completing two runs, each with half of our students. ● In good weather and optimal conditions, it should take 53 minutes for our buses to complete the first run and begin the second run. The committee used 55 minutes between runs as a round number. ● Roughly, for each 5 minute increment we seek to reduce in the time between runs, we would need to add a bus and a driver (e.g. to get to 50 minutes between runs, we would need 32 “regular” buses and 32 drivers). Athletics RSU 21 is exploring ways to improve our fields and stadium surface. Artificial turf on the high school stadium field would additionally mitigate impacts on soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey as it would allow for much greater use. The committee sought approximate pricing for turf and lights as part of the mitigating factor analyses, but recognizes that work is beyond the scope of this report. Proposals As part of the committee work, twelve (12) possible proposals were developed and reviewed. As a result of the review, seven (7) were deleted and five (5) put forward for consideration and deeper analysis. Additionally, no change or “As Is” was included as a sixth choice. A Community Forum was held October 29, 2018 with 220 in attendance. Please click here to see results or view Appendix E. Main concerns expressed were: *Impact on elementary students *Early/late bus times *Sports schedules *SRTC student impact *Early release impact *Parent(s) work schedules *Students who work *Sibling care/childcare Staff forums were held in October and November as were Student Feedback Sessions for grades 6-12. Please click here to see results or view Appendix F. Surveys of the community, staff, and students were widely disseminated with a high response rate; Parent/Community, 1,006; Staff and Faculty, 260; Grades 6-12 Students, 1,125. Please click here to see results or view Appendix G. A separate meeting to answer questions specific to athletics took place on November 6, 2018 with 29 attending. On November 5, 2018, a report of School Start Time Committee work was delivered to the School Board by Superintendent Hawes at which time the Board requested a more in-depth exploration of fewer proposals, removed the requirement for proposals to be cost-neutral, and expressed the need for more community input. With this request, it was understood that a decision would not be made in time for implementation for the 2019- 2020 school year. As requested, by December 2018, the School Start Time Committee narrowed proposals to 2 for a deeper review of any mitigating factors as well as associated costs. Parameters included: *Least impact upon sports *SRTC student needs *No earlier than 8:00 AM for Elementary start *Restriction of 55 minutes between bus runs DETERMINATIONS With the understanding that a change in one area impacts many other areas, the School Start Time Committee presents the following three models to the School Board for review.
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