A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS

Vol. 32, No. 37 September 1 8-24, 1 989

Rumours and the Truth An exhibition of modern paper cuts by Wang Shaofeng was recently held in the National Art Gallery in Beijing. The artist works in the Kaiyang Phosphorous Mining Administrative Bureau of Guizh- ou Province. His works are well received for their unique, simple and liberal style. The picture shows the artist with some of his works. Photo by Chen Zhe BEIJING REVIEW VOL. 32, NO. 37 SEP. 11-17, 1989

CONTENTS Chinese Foreign Minister on World Situation • With the development of the world situation, it is an objective fact that countries with different systems have EVENTS/TRENDS 5-9 different value concepts. These differences should be respect• ed without attempting to impose one's own value concepts Travel Costs Increased upon others (p. 8). NPC Standing Committee Brings New Measures Wliy "Laws Go Unenforced" Current Economic Policy Pays Off • Much headway has been made in the establishment of Financial Strain Analysed China's legal system. However, failure to enforce the laws, Forests Plundered Despite to follow them strictly without reservations and to follow through with punishment of law-breakers is a fairly serious NPC Laws problem in some localities and departments. The author of News in Brief the article lists factors leading to the desultory observance and non-enforcement of the laws (p. 13). INTERNATIONAL NPC Standing Committee Holds Meeting in Beijing Foreign Minister Qian Assesses • Participants to the recent meeting of the NPC Standing World Situation 8 Committee said that the drive to clean up companies has a The International Climate and direct bearing on the building of a clean and honest govern• The June Rebellion 9 ment and on the reputation of the Communist Party and the government. It must be carried out thoroughly, they stressed (p. 4). CHINA Travel Costs Increase Why 'Laws Go Unenf orced' 13 Rumours and the Truth 16 • The State Council has approved an increase in the nation's rail, air and water transport fares for passengers starting Notes on a Trip to Shenzhen (4): September 5. The increase is intended to help pay the way A Glimpse of the Science and for wliat the government sees as badly needed renovation and Technology Industrial Park 23 expaiision of the nation's transport system which has plum• meted into the red due to highly subsidized travel fares and poor management (p. 4). BUSINESS/TRADE 27-29 Rumours and Truth FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 30-31 • Voice of America and the Western mass media had spread many rumous about China's efforts to quell the counter• CULTURE/SCIENCE 32-33 revolutionary rebellion in early June. Beijing Review has compiled a pamphlet pointing out the falsity of these ru• COVER: SOS! mours and countering them with the truth. Part of the pamphlet, published by the New Star Publishers, is carried Cartoon by Li Baolian in this issue (p. 16).

Unless written by Beijing Review correspondents, tlie opinions expressed in signed articles do not necessarily reflect the view of the Beijing Review editorial board.

General Editorial Office Published every Monday by BEIJING REVIE\ Subscription rates (1 year); Tel; 8314318 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037 Australia J\.$29.00 TLX; 222374 FLPDA CN The People's Republic of China New Zealand NZ.$39.00 FAX; 8314318 Distributed by China International Book UK C14.50 English Dept. Tel; 8315599 Ext. 546 Trading Corporation (GUOJI SHUDIAN) USA US$29.00 P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Canada Can.$25.00 ridden situation which they attri• Travel Costs Increased buted to the low transporta• tion charges. The circular also he biggest transportation Students heading for their col• claimed they needed the extra funds to up-grade the nation's Tprice increase in New Chi• leges for the new autumn term transport capacity so as to meet na's 40-year history will take are also being granted an exemp• the needs of the developing na• effect Sept. 5 that will roughly tion from the price increases un• tional economy and to ease long• double passenger fares on most til the end of October, because of standing passenger transport train, airline and shipping the delayed openings of their col• congestion. routes. leges and universities. Students The circular also stressed that The State Council-approved will still be able to go at half the old price when they embark for various localities, government nationwide price hikes exempt departments and enterprises are their schools. both freight and long distance strictly prohibited from using bus fares from the increases. Foreign travellers will general• the transport fare hikes as an Train riders will face buying ly have to pay 70 percent more excuse to piggyback further price tickets at roughly double the old for all transport than their increases onto other commod• prices, with an overall rate in• Chinese counterparts, including ities. crease of 112 percent. Fares for Chinese from Hong Kong, Ma• The circular warned that vio• passenger trains will be raised cao and Taiwan. The increase lators of this new policy will be from the existing 0.02 yuan per uses the same price ratio as un• severely punished and that rele• kilometre (per person) to 0.04 der the old price system. vant leaders will be held respon• yuan per kilometre. In addition, all the passenger sible. Those on short rail trips—less prices for local government-run Ticket surcharges imposed by than 100 kilometres— will have rail, water and air routes will local transportation departments to pay 60 percent extra, while also increase. in recent years are invalid and fares for suburban and long• A recent State Council circu• will be scrapped when the new distance destinations, further lar stated that the move was price regulations take effect, the than 100 kilometres, are going aimed at reversing the deficit- State Council said. • up by 120 percent. Most passengers on ships run by the Shanghai and Guangdong NPC Standing Committee Brings Ocean Shipping bureaux, the Dalian and Changjiang ship cor• New Measures porations and the Heilongjiang he ninth meeting of the ties. Shipping Bureau will pay 96 per• T Standing Committee of the The purpose of this law, he cent more for their tickets. Seventh National People's said, is to help build neighbour• Passengers paying fifth-class Congress (NPC) opened August hood committees into autonom• passage on ships, found usually 29 in Beijing to consider legisla• ous self-help mass grassroots or• to be those paying their own way, tive and other issues. ganizations. will be caught with only slight At the opening session, partici• The proposal to discuss the increases while those who travel pants listened to an explanation draft law, raised by Premier Li in higher class who are usually by Minister of Civil Affairs Cui Peng, said that the law was made reinbursed by their units will Naifu of the Draft Law on the to protect the rights of urban re• face much stiffer rates. Organization of Neighbourhood sidents, develop socialist demo• Domestic air travellers are Committees in Urban Areas and cracy at basic levels in urban going to fly into a sobering 77 a report on the screening of bus• areas, and promote the urban percent average fare increases, iness companies given by Ren construction of material civiliza• but 71 routes to favorite tourist Zhonglin, director of the State tion and socialist culture. spots will have their increases Administration of Industry and According to the proposal, the put off until the end of the year. Commerce. law, based on relevant regula• Disabled soldiers, children and Cui said that the neighbour• tions in the Constitution, was students on holidays will contin• hood committees organization drafted by the Ministry of Civil ue to enjoy 50 percent discounts law has been drafted in accord• Affairs. after prices are raised for rail, ance with the Chinese Constitu• Organization regulations for water and air transport routes. tion and in light of urban reali• urban neighbourhood commit-

4 ^.,?E^W(Cn«i,lWS^JifP;F§MBER 11-17. 1989 EVENTS/TRENDS tees were first issued in the the NPC Standing Committee said that though 47 percent of all 1950s. The guidelines and princi• members said that the achieve• the companies were checked, the ples of the rules are still accept• ments in screening companies rest were simply asked to scru• able even today, Cui said. cannot be overestimated. tinize themselves. But experience Nevertheless, some articles Many of them said that the shows that self-examination is and items are no longer suitable drive to clean up various com• futile, he stressed. to the situation in urban areas panies is an important economic He said that the broad masses that has evolved over three de• and political matter. It has a di• are not only interested in how cades, he said. rect bearing on the building of much money in fines the govern• According to the new draft a clean and honest government ment has collected, but how the law, the neighbourhood commit• and on the reputation of the companies and persons who have tees in urban areas will be res• Communist Party and the gov• engaged in illegal businesses are ponsible for spreading know• ernment. Therefore, they said, punished. ledge of the Constitution, laws, the drive must be carried out He urged the government to rules and government policies; thoroughly. severely punish all Party and protecting the legal rights of re• Deng Jiatai, an NPC Standing government officials and their sidents; and encouraging the Committee member, said that relatives who have speculated in masses to follow the govern• great achievements have been important means of production ment's line. made so far, but not as great as and in durable consumer goods The draft law stipulates the people expected. in short supply. committees are also expected to Hu Daiguang, another NPC The NPC meeting concluded handle any matters related to Standing Committee member. on September 4. • public interests and the affairs of local residents and to mediate civil disputes. They should also Current Economic Policy Pays off help the government with the hina's economic retrench• The scale of fixed asset invest• work of public security, civil af• ment has achieved consider• ments has also been brought un• fairs, public health, birth con• Cable results, Vice-Premier of der control this year, Yao said. In trol, municipal administration the State Council Yao Yilin said in January-July, capital investment and in the area of juvenile edu• Beijing August 31. by State-owned enterprises totalled cation. Yao made the remark in his re• 78.6 billion yuan, a drop of 7.9 While in examining and dis• port to the ongoing National Peo• percent or 6.8 billion yuan less cussing the draft law, the NPC ple's Congress Standing Commit• than in the same period last year. Standing Committee members tee meeting on the execution of the He noted that markets in various suggested that the law be pro• 1989 national economic and social places have remained stable, with mulgated as soon as possible. development plan. good supplies of non-staple food• In his report, Ren said that the He disclosed in his report that stuffs. The total volume of retail screening and rectifying of busi• China's output of summer grain sales of commodities in the first seven months of this year reached ness companies have achieved an crops this year hit a record high of 93.5 million tons — 2.5 million 476 billion yuan, a rise of 16.6 initial success. tons more than the summer har• percent. By the end of June, over 9,500 vest last year. The output of early Retail prices in the first half companies had been fined and a rice is expected to reach 47.9 mil• of this year went up 25.5 percent total of 260 million yuan confis• lion tons — an increase of almost compared with the same period cated. More than 2,800 compan• a million tons over last year. last year, Yao admitted, predicting ies lost their business licenses The sowing area for the fall a lower price increase rate in the and nearly 800 Party and gov• crops has also increased by 660,000 second half of this year. ernment officials were punished hectares, he said. This, plus good However, total industrial output according to Party and govern• care, could lead to a substantial in the first seven months of this ment discipline or the law, Ren growth in the grain yield this year, year grew 10.6 percent, far less said. barring natural disasters. than the 16.9-percent growth rate So far 47 percent of companies Yao told the meeting that Chi• registered in the same period last have been checked, he said. na's overheated economy has year. The new campaign to screen cooled down in the wake of the The Vice-Premier also noted vast array of companies that enforcement of monetary austeri• that savings in urban and rural have mushroomed over the past ty and other policies adopted this banks in the same seven months few years started last October. year to bring the economic struc• were 79.4 billion yuan more than When discussing Ren's report. ture in line with industrial policies. the amount at the end of last year.

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBE« 11-17,- W89 5 EVENTS/TRENDS

^ Yao also cited, the Ministry of ly adjusted, Yao said. In additipn, the financial power of local eo,v- ernments and weakened that or the Foreign Economic Relations and the development of agriculture nas lagged far behind that of industry. central authorities. Trade statistics that showed a 0.6 Yao said the areas slated for eco• The financial revenues of the percent drop in trade over the nomic priority are: central authorities accounted for past seven months compared to — Strict control for price rises. 47.2 percent of the national finan• the same period last year. Total — Measures to improve this cial revenues, much lower than exports over the seven months year's harvest. the state's 70 percent share in the were US$23.38 billion. Imports — Promotion of production and 1950s and the state's 60 percent cut rose by 10.7 percent hitting the practice of thrift. in the 1960s. US$20.7 billion. — Motivating people to increase Wang said that the excessive Yao also cited some major prob• income and cut back on expendi• price subsidies and enterprises' op• lems in the economy. tures. erational loss subsidies have sur• One is that demand continues to — Reducting the scale of invest• passed the government's financial outstrip supply. The growth rate of ment and lay stress on key con• capacity. workers' income has surpassed that struction. In 1988 the state financial de• of productivity, and many organi• — Encouragement for increased partments spent 31.67 billion yuan zations give their employees unjus• saving deposits and reducing the to subsidize state employees and tified bonuses, he said. amount of currency in circulation. urban residents for price hikes — Another problem is that the eco• — Opening to the outside world. representing a 39.8 percent annual nomic structure is yet to be proper• — Deepening of reform. • increase compared with that in 1978. The state had to spend anoth• Financial Strain Analysed er 44.65 billion yuan to bail out deficit-ridden enterprises — an an• hina is facing a challenging Wang said that the revenue nual increase of 33.6 percent since growth rate fell behind expendi• situation as it approaches 1979. the time when its bills — ture costs in the period between C Both increase rates far exceeded international debt payments — January and July. the 8.2 percent growth rate of fin• have to be paid. That sobering The increased rate of revenue ancial revenues in the same period. spell is coming next year, warned trailed behind the 9.5 percent in• The two items alone dramed over Wang Bingqian, China's state crease set forth as a requirement 80 billion yuan from the state trea• councillor and finance minister, on in the state budget. Expenditure sury each year, Wang said. • August 31. growth rate was also much higher The minister has also warned of than the 9 percent budgeted for. a growing state deficit which he He said that enterprises' poor Forests Plundered blames on errors in policy-making economic returns have held back over the past few years which has the growth of state revenues. Despite NPC Laws undermined the nation's economy. Wang said that 75 percent of Wang stated his findings in a China's financial revenue comes magine a wooden house being report on the implementation of from state enterprises. invaded by termites. After a the 1989 budget at the ninth meet• However, in the decade from I few years that house, its beams ing of the NPC Standing Commit• 1978 to 1988, the sales profit rate gnawed away, collapses. tee. and sales tax and profit rate of China's forests are in the same China's state revenue in the first industrial enterprises annually fell predicament, only this time that seven months of this year was by an 8 percent average, of which "termite" is economic growth that 3.407 billion yuan more than state 1 percent represents 8 billion yuan needs timber to build its factories, expenditure, according to Wang. of financial revenue. its homes and tea crates. The domestic revenue in the per• On dispersed funds, Wang said Of the 10.26 billion cubic metres iod totalled 132.127 billion yuan, that the funds collected by the cen• of timber in the nation's forest fulfilling the budget plan by 49.1 tral government sharply dropped only 2 billion cubic metres are ma• percent and with an 8.4 percent while the proportion obtained by ture enough to be cut. increase over the same period of enterprises and individuals rose Experts predict that if the pre• last year. too fast. sent yearly cutting of 120 million Meanwhile the domestic expen• As a result, the ratio between cubic metres continues then all of diture, 128.72 billion yuan, has state revenues and national income China's mature forests will be ex• been listed as fulfilling the budget diminished from 31.9 percent in hausted by the end of this century. plan by 46.5 percent — up 11.4 1979 to 19.2 percent in 1988. They also warn that trees still at percent over the corresponding Moreover, the restructuring of a mid-growth stage will be used up period of 1988. the financial system has increased by the year 2010 unless the present

6 BEIJING RBV8EWI, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 trend of prematurely harvesting for example, there have been more Geneva on August 31, the Chinese them is ended. than 70 serious cases of forest des• delegation stated that "the resolu• A recent survey has revealed truction. tion, which was mainly initiated by that conditions are getting worse. Lack of law enforcement is an• a number of Western experts, is Annual tree cutting has shot up other factor in the plundering of unjustified." from 196 million cubic metres in the forests. Some provinces and re• "It constitutes in essence an in• 1976 to 344 million cubic metres in gions have often delayed or turned terference in China's internal af• 1988. a deaf ear to the central govern• fairs and an attempt to assert pres• Some 3.8 million hectares of ment's plea to save their forests. sure on China," the statement said. trees have been removed since Some local leaders have even prof• On the same day Chinese For• 1981 to support such activity as ited by getting a cut of the timber. eign Ministry spokesman Li construction, mining and farming. Perhaps the initial need is to Zhaoxing said that the charges Worse still, another 4.2 million build a greater public awareness against China's quelling of the hectares of forest land has been of the reason for forest protection. counter-revolutionary rebellion knocked down for other uses. Those from Hunan Province, for contained in an Amnesty Interna• Wood consumption is at least example, are accustomed to saying, tional report are "entirely ground• 100 million cubic metres over the "An axe is a license to chop; a less and unreasonable." natural growth rate, and even that shoulder is a license to transport; "This is not an issue of human figure is increasing by 10 million and money is a license to pur• rights. It is entirely legitimate and cubic metres a year. chase." When those raiding the justified and within the bounds The survey also found that 17.94 forest by the Jinshajiang River in of China's sovereignty that the million hactares of tree-covered Sichuan were asked whether they Chinese government arrested the land has been flattened during the knew there was a forest protection offenders and brought them to jus• past eight years. That figure, says law, they replied in the negative, tice," he said. • the Ministry of Forestry, accounts saying that they just knew there for 6.7 percent of China's total was a marriage law. • Foreign IVIinister Qian forest coverage. Visits IVIongolia The problem is more serious in Chinese Foreign Minister Qian ' northeast China where it is re• News in Brief Qichen arrived in Ulan Bator on ported that Heilongjiang Province August 31 on an official visit for alone lost 850,000 hectares of Deng in Good Health talks with his Mongolian counter• forests between 1976 and 1986. part, Tserenpiliin Gombosuren, to The nation's total forested area, Chairman Deng Xiaoping of the further friendly relations between about 115 million hectares, are lo• Central Military Commission is in the two nations. cated in either the northeast and "very good health," a Chinese For• Soon after their talks the two the southwest, with very little left eign Ministry spokesman said on ministers signed a treaty on assist• over for the other parts of the August 31. ance between China and Mongolia country where the bulk of China's In response to a foreign corres• in regards to civil and criminal 1.1 billion population resides. pondent's question at a news brief• law. • In an attempt to control the fall• ing in Beijing, the spokesman cri• ing of forests, the 6th NPC passed ticized some correspondents who Grand Funeral for Islamic a major forest law in September recently created and spread ru• leader 1984 that aimed at shifting the na• mours about Deng's health. They tion to a rational forest manage• violated journalistic ethics in The Islamic Association of the ment system. doing so, he said, adding that no Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Re• The new law was supposed to correspondent should ever create gion held a grand funeral on Au• give the Forestry Ministry new and spread rumours on any ex• gust 30 for Burhan Shahidi, hon• teeth to punish serious cases of tree cuse. • orary president of the Chinese Is• falling and destruction that would UN Accusation lamic Association, at the Urumqi Cemetery of Revolutionary Mar• at last bring violators to justice. 'Unjustified' & But the impact of this law was tyrs. destroyed by China's mid-decade Amnesty Report Refuted Burhan Shahidi, also vice- construction-boom. Timber was re• A Chinese delegation has ex• chairman of the Sixth National quired for building, while govern• pressed regret over a resolution Committee of the Chinese People's ments yearned for tax revenue passed by the UN Human Rights Political Consultative Conference, linked to that growth. Immediate Committee, charging that it died of a heart attack in Beijing on interests lead people into a crazed groundlessly accuses China of hu• August 27 at the age of 95. His wave of tree falling and the law man rights violations. remains were flown by a special was made a farce. Since last spring In a written statement issued in plane from Beijing to Xinjiang. •

BEIJING REVIEWi SEra-JBMBEB.vl hW(il9S9 7 Foreign Minister Qian Assesses World Situation

Recently Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen, at the invitation of the magazine" World Affairs," analyzed the current international situation and talked about China's foreign policy. The following are the main points he made. —Ed. he news release last Decem• reform in the socialist countries. have not given up their efforts to ber on the 14th session of The unified model of socialism strengthen national defence. Fin• T the Political Bureau of the has been broken and the internal al solutions to the problems of Chinese Communist Party Cen• relations within the two big East• regional "hot spots" need time tral Committee pointed out that ern and Western blocs are tend• and new conflicts will probably changes are taking place in the ing to loosen. It becomes more erupt. international situation, that the difficult for the superpowers The development issue faced world is moving from confronta• to pursue hegemonistic policies by the world has not been solved tion to dialogue and from ten• through the blocs of which they and the contradictions between sion to detente, and that there are the leading members. the North and the South have may come a new period that is Post-war history proves that to become acute. In the final ana• beneficial to maintaining world pursue power politics and region• lysis, the lack of a solution to the peace and promoting economic al rivalry by relying on military development issue is not favour• and social development. Mean• strength gets nowhere. The im• able to world stability. There• while, it said, the various factors provement in quality and the ac• fore, the process of detente will leading to turbulence and ten• cumulation in quantity of be tortuous and the fight against sion have not yet disappeared. nuclear weapons has forced hegemony . and to safeguard The course of events in more the United States and the Soviet world peace will be a long one. than half a year proves that Union to admit that nuclear war We must also realize that al• this fundamental analysis of the cannot be launched and won. though the general trend of re• world situation is correct and Competition and trials of com• laxation in the international si• stands the test of time. prehensive national strength be• tuation is favourable to peace There are profound historical tween major powers have be• and development, under detente reasons for this change in the come sharper and sharper. Many the struggle between the differ• world situation. The bipolar countries have readjusted their ent social systems and different alignment characterized by the policies and pay more attention ideologies is till sharp and com• cold war between West and East, to the development of all-round plex, Under certain conditions confrontation between the two national strength centred on this struggle will develop more big blocs and rivalry of the their economies and science. All acutely and become a very sharp two superpowers for hegemony, this shows that the factors lead• one. which persisted for more than ing to war are declining and If some people did not clearly 40 years after World War II, has those conducive to peace are see this aspect of the internation• begun to waver and the world growing. Thus, to win a peaceful al situation in the past, then they multi-polar trend is developing environment of long duration is should now do so because of day by day. The third world both realistic and possible. the recent turmoil and counter• is progressing and becoming On the other hand, we must revolutionary rebellion in Bei• strong. China persists in practis• realize that the various factors jing. Those events prove that ing socialism and a policy of in• leading to tension and turbul• some forces in Western coun• dependence and plays an increas• ence have not been eliminated tries will never stop attempting ingly important role in world af• and the urge towards hegemony to bring the socialist countries fairs. Western Europe and Japan still exists. The rivalry between into the international capitalist have become strong economical• the United States and the Soviet orbit. They consider that now is ly and in politics they desire to Union continues. The arms race the "historical opportunity" to play a bigger role in internation• between the two superpowers promote the peaceful evolution al affairs. There are currents of has not stopped. Other countries of socialist countries into capital-

8 B^j^|NG,Ri^Va^)J,J,/S^eTJ^BER 11-17, 1989 ist countries. The recent disturb• countries, change. upon the interests of other coun• ance in China took place with We persist in the Five Princi• tries. We also hope other coun• just such an international back• ples of Peaceful Coexistence and tries respect us. It is an objective ground. This is the "internation• quite logically stand for mutual fact that countries with different al macro-climate" that Deng respect of each other's sovereign• systems have different concepts Xiaoping talked about not long ty and non-interference in each of values. The differences should ago. other's internal affairs. This is an be respected without imposing At present many people ex• inalienable part of the five prin• one's own value concepts upon press concern about where ciples and of established princi• others. Meanwhile various coun• Chinese foreign policy is going. ples of international law. China tries can find where common in• It can be said with certainty that respects other countries' sover• terests lie in politics and in eco• China's foreign policy of inde• eignty and does not interfere in nomic affairs and develop their pendence and peace is based on their internal affairs. Nor does it relations. Our struggle for the scientific analysis of the interna• allow other countries to interfere Five Principles of Peaceful Coex• tional situation. It conforms to in its internal affairs or encroach istence is also advocacy for the the fundamental interests of our upon its sovereignty. establishment of a new order in country and will not change be• The Chinese people also persist international relations. In the fu• cause of a particular event. Our in the Four Cardinal Principles ture we will continue to active• relations with all other countries on which our country has been ly develop relations with other are set up on the basis of the Five founded. That we pursue various countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexist• principles and policies and Principles of Peaceful Coexist• ence. This applies to the past, the take various measures including ence and continue our fight present and the future. We will quelling a counter-revolutionary against world hegemony and to never change. Nor will China's rebellion in our own country is safeguard world peace and prom• policy of opening to all sides, all within the range of our sover• ote the cause of common devel• including opening to Western eignty. We have not encroached opment. • The International Climate And the June Rebellion

by Wu Xiongcheng

urmoil that shocked China stand and engaged in political undergone tremendous, transi• T as well as the whole world conspiracy in collaboration with tional changes since World War broke out in Beijing, the cap• some anti-communist and anti- II, especially in recent years. ital of China, in May and June^ socialist forces in the West, Tai• First of all, a new technologi• This turbulence offered much wan and Hong Kong with the cal and industrial revolution is food for thought. As Deng aim of overthrowing the leader• sweeping across the globe, pro• Xiaoping pointed out, "This ship of the CPC, subverting the foundly changing the world by storm was bound to come sooner socialist People's Republic of promoting its economic develop• or later, as determined by the China, and establishing in China ment and transforming other as• international macro climate and a completely Westernized bour• pects of social life. The world, China's own micro climate. It geois republic. which is full of contradictions, is independent of man's will." What, then, is the current in• has increasingly become an Facts have shown that this stu• ternational climate and the rela• inter-related and inter• dent movement, turmoil and tionship between it and the re• dependent integral whole, and counter-revolutionary rebellion bellion? mankind is faced with many was orchestrated by a small common problems related to its number of people both inside Detente Does future existence and develop• and outside the Communist Par• Not Eliminate Struggles ment. These demand that coun• ty of China (CPC) who stub• tries belonging to different social bornly clung to their bourgeois International relations have systems and at different levels of

BEIJING REVIEWy-sfiMMiife'' f"!^'! 7;''l^8^- 9 INTERNATIONAL development co-operate to re• dependence and the imperialist Socialist System Is solve them. and colonialist systems have col• Second, a trend from cold war lapsed. The third world coun• Hard-Won and confrontation towards de• tries with three-fourths of the The conflict between socialism tente and dialogue is emerging world's population are playing and capitalism has been consis• in international relations, repre• an increasingly important role tent since the birth of social• sented by frequent dialogue be• in international affairs. In some ism. Western capitalist coun• tween the two superpowers, the third world countries which had tries have been extremely hostile relaxation of East-West Euro• long been ruled by military des• to the new system because its pean relations, and the cooling pots, a tide of democratization is advent and development have down of regional "hot spots." appearing. presaged the extinction of the The rise of Western Europe and In order to gain a long-term old. They have used all manners Japan and the strengthening of stable international environment of means such as political isola• third world countries have com• for China's cause of socialist tion, economic blockade, incit• bined to reduce the influence of construction and reform, the ing rebellion, military interven• the United States and the Soviet CPC has repeatedly pointed out tion and even launching wars of Union on the world, propell• that peace and development invasion in attempts to eliminate ing it towards a path of multi- have become the two main• socialism. After military means polarization. streams in today's world and failed, they have turned to the Third, the capitalist world has spoken highly of the trend to• strategy of "peaceful evolution," withstood the postwar crisis and wards detente and dialogue in placing their hopes on the forces achieved considerable develop• international relations. Based on of bourgeois liberalization with• ment. Taking advantage of the this assessment, the CPC has in socialist countries. Over the fruits of the new technological made opening to the outside past 70 years, the socialist coun• revolution and some useful as• world a basic, unshakable state tries have experienced many dif• pects of socialist practice, the policy. China firmly pursues an ficulties and hardships in strug• capitalist countries have adjust• gling with capitalism to establish ed their industrial and social independent foreign policy and their place in the world and to structure and established a set of advocates good co-operative re• develop. Nowadays, the socialist social buffering and balancing lations with other countries system can compete and coexist instruments, displaying a self- based on the Five Principles of with the capitalist system. This regulating and renewing capabil• Peaceful Coexistence. has been earned through hard ity which is far greater than pre• The CPC's basic assessment of struggles and is by no means bes• viously expected. Capitalism, it the international situation in re• towed as a divine favour or by seems, still has considerable cent years has departed from the rulers of a certain big power. room for growth and will not the old ossified viewpoints, con• We should never forget histo• lose its vitality soon. forming with the developments ry by simply taking the current Fourth, socialist countries of the time and reflecting the "peaceful coexistence" as coming have encountered difficulties changes in realities. Therefore, it easily, let alone regarding the and setbacks in the course of is correct. But one should nev• world as full of love. their construction. The many er relax one's guard against the A large amount of evidence serious policy errors by the rul• complex struggles which objec• today and historically proves ing parties have prevented the tively exist in international rela• that the international bourgeo• inherent superiority of socialism tions. The anti-communist, anti- isie have never given up their from being given full and consis• socialist trend which exists in the fundamental strategy which is to tent play. After conscientiously West, and which in recent years topple socialism and destroy it. summing up the historical ex• has increasingly intensified, They consistently hope that all perience, socialist countries are should never be ignored. the socialist countries, including launching a wave of reform in In a meeting with China's China, will abandon their sys• an effort to establish and devel• overseas diplomatic representa• tems and eventually be brought op socialist economic, political tives, CPC General Secretary under the rule of international and cultural systems that are Jiang Zemin said, "Foreign rela• monopoly capital and into the full of vitality. tions should include both econo• orbit of capitalism. Fifth, the vast number of third mic and political aspects; both For a long time past, the suc• world countries in Asia, Africa friendship and struggle; both cessive rulers of one superpow• and Latin America have won in• principle and tactics." er have spoken undisguisedly in 10 .BpIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 INTERNATIONAL

their "inaugurals" and "State of needs of the policies of Western technology can promote the de• Union Messages" that their lead• countries. velopment of the social produc• ing role in today's world has nev• This has convinced us that, in tive forces as well as ameliorate er before been so important and dealing with the relations be• some social contradictions tem• they take it as their duty to pro• tween countries with different porarily. So modern capitalism tect and promote "democracy, social systems, the old ideas and has received something like a liberty and human rights" practices, which put undue em• shot in the arm and seems to throughout the world. For this phasis on struggle, confrontation have great room for develop• purpose, they have made their and rupture, should be adjusted ment. plans and allocated huge funds. to co-existence, dialogue and co• However, the revolution in They have made plans, appro• operation in order to meet the science and technology and cap• priated huge sums of money and changed international situation. italist self-regulation cannot pos• used various other means, such But we should never forget that sibly solve all social problems, as international broadcasting, the essential conflict between the let alone eliminate the basic propaganda about human rights, two SQpial systems still exists and contradictions of capitalism. Ac• cultural exchanges, internation• that the basic strategy of West• cording to Marxism, the capital• al meetings, the support of pri• ern countries remains un• ist system will not exist for ever. vate organizations and liberal changed. So contradictions, fric• The reasons for the difficul• personages, to cultivate the seeds tion, clashes, struggles and con• ties and setbacks in the social• of bourgeois liberalization grow• flicts between them are inev• ist countries are many-sided and ing out of any crack in the "iron itable. We favour peaceful com• complicated. Besides the exter• curtain." They support the ap• petition whereby the two sys• nal environment, socialist coun• pearance of "democratic forces" tems develop their potential ca• tries have some problems in• in Communist countries and pacities, exchange and absorb ternally such as faults in help them so as to finally lead each other's advantages, and decision-making, imperfections the Communist regimes and so• promote human civilization to• in organization and lack of ex• cieties towards bourgeois demo• gether. We insist that no country perience. But all these problems cracy. Their brain trusters have should attempt to impose its own have nothing to do with the so• masterminded schemes for social system and lifestyle on cialist system itself. Essentially, them, planning to make full use others from the' outside. Nev• the socialist system is one that of China's policy of opening up ertheless, we believe that in the is new-born and superior to the to the outside world to promote long-term socialism will prevail capitalist system. Although it is the "pro-democracy movement" in the world through people's still in its childhood, it has al• in China and form another pow• choice and struggles. ready shown its strength. With er centre that can compete with the continuous deepening and the Communist Party, ignoring developing of reform, it will the internationally recognized Superficial Phenomena inevitably be more vigorous and principle of non-intervention in efficient. As to socialism's bril• other countries' internal affairs. It is true that during the pos• liant achievements over the past In doing so they have conducted twar period capitalism exper• 70 years and the ultimate victory political and ideological infiltra• ienced comparatively great de• it will win, we should possess full tion into socialist countries, en• velopment while socialism con• confidence and never waver un• deavouring to promote the trans• fronted difficulties and suffered der any conditions. formation from socialism to cap• setbacks. But this is only the out• italism and realize their dream come of a short historical period In order to infiltrate their of winning without fighting. In and we should be—and certainly ideology and politics into so• recent years, they have quick• are—able to find a scientific ex• cialist countries, politicians and ened their pace to implement planation for it. We should by ideologues of the West have tak• their strategy by making use of no means take superficial phen• en advantage of the surface errors in policy-making and tem• omena as a starting point and phenomena which have ap• porary economic difficulties in simply come to the conclusion peared in a short period, pro• socialist countries. In China, a that socialism is no better than claiming the "overall prosperity" small number of people inside capitalism. This leads to the den• of capitalism and that commun• and outside the Party, who stub• ial of the objective law in the ist thought and the communist bornly adhere to bourgeois lib• development of human society system are "close to extinction." eralization, have adapted to the discovered by Karl Marx. In the first half of the year, espe• Revolutions in science and cially, a new anti-communist BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER IM 7, 1989 U INTERNATIONAL

tide has been raised with the Un• formula for reform. But the ried out under the leadership of ited States at the head. Many question here is: Where will the the Communist Party, the so• well-known poUticians and scho• reform go? cialist system, the guidance of lars have written books to ex• Major Western countries have Marxism and the people's demo• pound anti-Communist theory. shown a keen interest in the re• cratic dictatorship. Economic re• They have published one article form movement in the socialist form must adhere to the princi• after another propagating non• world. They hope that the re• ple of putting state ownership as sense such as "communism is a form will fundamentally change the mainstay while allowing oth• declining system and has landed the nature of communism, er forms of ownership and man• in a predicament" or the com• implement"genuine pluralism," agement to exist — integrating munist ideal is "almost totally adopt free-pricing mechanisms the planned economy with mar• devalued" or "Communism will and grant real freedom for polit• ket regulation. Under the princi• collapse entirely in a foreseeable ical options. They suggest that ple of distribution according to period." They take too much on the West should use its econo• one's work and common prosper• themselves when they claim that mic power to achieve political ity, some people can be allowed they need not worry that com• results, forcing socialist coun• to become rich first, but privati• munism will bury them and tries to depart from their past zation and a complete market that, on the contrary, they are policies in exchange for any sub• economy, which will lead to witnessing the self-burial of stantial Western aid. In a word, sharp differences in income, communism. They say that it is some anti-communist people in should never be adopted. impossible to achieve socialist the West care for and support aims and plans and "wherever reform in socialist countries only In the field of political reform, the system is practiced, it cer• with the aim of turning these the 13th CPC Congress formu• tainly will fail." countries capitalist in order to lated a plan. We will accelerate bring about their peaceful rever• the construction of democracy Some Western ideologues of• sion to capitalism and a "victory and the legal system, but will ten tend to misjudge the situa• without war." never introduce Western-style tion by believing that commun• democracy and freedom, such as ism is bound to die. Such belief Due to different national con• the three separate branches of is but their fond dream. But at a ditions, reforms in the socialist government and the multi-party time of the information explo• countries are faced with differ• system. sion and when China adopts all- ent problems and accordingly round openness to the outside their approaches to resolve the As can be seen, in order to world, this anti-communist war problems are different. We res• correctly analyse and under• of ideology has affected some pect the considerations that ap• stand the current international people with weak political cons• ply in other socialist countries. climate, we have to take into ac• ciousness, making it possible for Whether their reform is good or count new changes and discard the erroneous thought that so• not is up to their own people, as old views, but at the same time cialism is inferior to capitalism well as history, to answer. we must clearly realize the ge• to spread unchecked. However, the countries that neral trend indicated by the ob• the West is prepared to substan• jective law of the development Reform Must Be tially aid are those that the West of human society. In light of the Socialist-Oriented terms pioneers of East European current international situation, reform and sees as beginning to the line of taking the class strug• Reform in socialist countries return to the arms of the West. gle as the key link should of has become an irresistible trend. Some reform measures that had course be reUnquished, but the It is the only road to develop the been and are still being carried idea of class struggle should not productive force, promote com• out in these countries have af• be forgotten. It will only ideolog• prehensive social progress, re• fected and are still affecting in• ically disarm the Party and the mould the image of socialism tellectual circles and young peo• people to eliminate the funda• and display its superiority. The ple in China. This is also one of mental differences between the future and fate of socialism the factors of the international two social systems, slacken the hinges upon the success of climate. ideological struggle in interna• the reforms. Socialist countries The CPC has repeatedly point• tional relations and fail to clear• should proceed from their own ed out that reform is the self- ly understand the objective ex• national conditions and explore perfection and development of istence of hostile forces both in• and choose their own optimum the socialist system and is car• side and outside China. •

12 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 FORUM Why 'Laws Go Unenforced' by Li Maoguan onstructing China's legal solidating legal organizations, in sources is rampant. Still worse, system has made much restoring and improving the ju• although there is an Economic Cheadway since 1979. In the dicial system, in reinforcing the Contract Law to go by, there are past ten years, apart from the ranks of judicial personnel, in still cases of deliberately chang• Constitution now in effect, the developing education on the ing contracts, suspending con• National People's Congress and science of law and in populariz• tracts halfway, or refusing to its Standing Committee have for• ing legal knowledge. However, abide by contracts to the letter. It mulated 80 laws and regulations, failure to enforce the laws, to is reported that in the city of passed amendments and revi• follow laws strictly without re• Wuhan some 2.59 million con• sions to 20 others, and made de• servations and to punish law• tracts go unfulfilled every year cisions on 40 legal problems. The breakers is a fairly serious prob• —a figure much lower than the State Council has released more lem in some localities and de• national average for a city. Al• than 900 administrative laws and partments. though the Marriage Law has regulations. In addition, more For example, despite the been in effect for a long time, than 1,000 local provisions and Forest Law—there are still quite cases of illegal early marriage, stipulations have been formulat• serious cases of indiscriminate unregistered marriage, arranged ed by provinces, autonomous re• felling of trees. Trademark Law marriage and mercenary mar• gions and municipalities. — fake trademarks are common riage often occur in the country• Although there is still much to as well as manufacturing rejects side. Although China has enact• be done, especially in economic and defective products. Law on ed the Law on Compulsory Ed• and administrative legislation, Environmental Protection—des• ucation, many parents allow which needs to be further streng• truction of ecological equili• school-age children in the coun• thened, a socialist legal system brium goes on, the Law Govern• tryside to remain out of school, based on the Constitution has ing Food Hygiene—production and quite a few factories and been initially established. Pro• of sub-standard foodstuffs is out mines still employ child labour. gress has also been made in other of control, and despite the Law aspects of legal construction, for Governing Mineral Resources Major Factor example, in establishing and con- —wasteful mining of natural re• Zhuang Xueyi, former director of the Tuqiang Forest Bureau, is sentenced for his Many factors lead to desultory dereliction of duty which caused a big forest fire In the Greater Hinggan Moun• observance and non-enforcement tains in 1987. ZHOU QUE. of the laws. Apart from loopholes which need to be plugged in legislation, the follow• ing conditions are contributory. 1. Law Overshadowed by Pow• er. In China today not many peo• ple say outright that power is bigger than the law. But actually nowhere in the country has a mechanism yet been established capable of restricting power abuse in the true sense of the word. There are no hard and fast rules which can subject power- holders to legal restrictions or bringing power-abusers to jus• tice. Some power-wielders, who think themselves superior, al• ways take it for granted that laws

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 13 CHINA are something designed for other policies which are in contradic• central and local governments people, the rank-and-filers, while tion with the Constitution and responsible for their own finan• they themselves stand high above the state laws. Because of histor• cial affairs, have enabled the in• the law, far out of its reach, and ical reasons and some drawbacks terests of local governments to do not need to be limited by it. of the political structure, over a expand perceptibly. At present Some power-holders even regard long period of time many Party when the functions of govern• the power in their hands as a cadres thought more highly of ment are still in the process of means for law violation and a the Party's policies than the transition, local governments at charm against legal punishment. state's laws; they followed the various levels act both as repre• Others even take it upon them• Party's policies where the state's sentatives and managers of selves to meddle in the law• laws should have been followed the public ownership and law- making and law-enforcing de• and put the Party's policies enforcing organs. When they partments. Many infractions and above the state's laws. Some even find that the state's laws ob• crimes go unpunished simply be• used "reform" as an excuse to struct their local economic in• cause some power-holders con• deliberately over-ride certain terests, they safeguard the latter nive at them, offer their support, laws and decrees which have not by either side-stepping and vio• help cover up or take part them• yet been abrogated or modified lating the laws or undermining selves. through normal legal procedures. their authority. For example, in 2. Relationship Between the 3. The Tilting of Interests. Ten the name of protecting the de• Party and the Law Out of Kilter. years of reform have radically velopment of local productive Although in principle it has been changed the old set-up of interest forces, some local governments, made clear thai the Party's activ• groups in society and a new line• in violation of state tax laws, de• ities are limited by the Constitu• up has emerged, such as for ex• liberately reduce taxes to be lev• tion and other laws, extraneous ample urban and rural private ied from local enterprises, or influences intervene; particular• businessmen, township enterpris• turn a blind eye to those enter• ly the past, long-term exercise es, economic organizations and prises and departments engaged by the Party of overall, unified enterprises of joint management, in illegal businesses; and some leadership and the political sys• and Sino-foreign joint ventures, even interfere in the work of ju• tem of power over-centralization. to mention only a few. The com• dicial and law-enforcing depart• Some leading cadres still take it plicated relations among them ments or establish local protec• for granted that Party organiza• have so far remained un• tionism. tions are free from legal restric• regulated because of the lack of 4. Negative Influence of Trad• tions and have the right to con• pertinent laws. This has created itional Legal Culture. China's trol everything and meddle in confusion in their relations and traditional legal culture, espe• everything. In some places, for conflicts of interest among them, cially feudal legal culture, has example. Party committees in• or in other words, has given rise been handed down from genera• validate the election results of to interest of groups more fa• tion to generation and become the people's congresses, deliber• vourably inclined towards some part and parcel of the national ately dismiss leaders from gov• than other. Some of them even psychology. It influenced peo• ernment and judicial depart• evaded laws to satisfy their own ple's understanding and attitude ments without going through the interests. For example, some ex- to laws for a long time in the past proper procedures, and interfere terprises, pursuing out of their and is still a latent factor which in or take over the work of judi• own interests, ran illegal busi• greatly deters people from con• cial departments. In short, the nesses which undermined the in• ducting affairs according to law. relationship between the Party terests of the state, of other en• This traditional legal cons• and the law, has not yet been set terprises and of consumers and ciousness, in addition to the fac• completely straight. disturbed the normal economic tors mentioned above (govern• This situation also finds ex• order. All this clearly indicates ment by people as better than by pression in the fact that some partiality towards some interest law, and the hierarchy and spe• leading cadres fail to correctly groups to the neglect of others. cial privileges as the best guide• understand and to handle the re• Inequitable stress on the in• lines) leads to the following dis• lations between the Party's poli• terests of local governments re• tortions: cies and the state's laws. The presents a major obstacle to strict Solving cases through person• Party's policies cannot replace law-enforcement. The streamlin• al connections is better than state laws, though the former ex^ ing of government and the dele• through the judiciary. Under the ercise a guiding role over the lat• gation of more power to local• system of exploitation, ordinary ter. The Party should not follow ities, while holding both the people with justice on their sides

14 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 CHINA

has not been systematized or standardized and the govern• mental procuratorial organs lack necessary guarantees for inde• pendently exercising procurato• rial authority. Now a fairly good contingent of law-enforcing personnel has been established in China, but, they cannot meet the needs of the situation and tasks. A consi• derable number of legal person• nel are not competent either politically or professionally. For instance, of the judges and pro• curators at all levels in the whole country, only 10 percent have an education above college lev• el. Some law-enforcing personnel An exhibition on fake medicines conducted outside the Beijing Railway Station. lack adequate professional know• ZHANGSHUYUAN ledge, while some take advantage going to law against persons of In cases of women who had been of their positions and power to power and influence always re• violated, for instance, to uphold carry on illegal activities. sulted in their losing lawsuits or their virginity and protect the even being wrongly punished. honour of their families, they Among the common people this would rather swallow insults Counter-Measures cultivated a psychology of fear• than appeal to the law. Accord• There is urgent need to solve ing and detesting the law. In ad• ingly, their rights cannot be safe• the above-mentioned problems dition, influenced by the pa• guarded by the law and offen• as the reforms and four moderni• triarchal social structure and the ders go scot-free. zations develop apace. A press• clannish habits and ideas asso• A passive attitude towards ing matter for immediate atten• ciated with it, disputes between obedience to the law, and in• tion is to enforce laws strictly people were most often mediated difference towards upholding and ensure that existing laws are within the clan or between clans. rights. Under centuries of feu• put into effect. Today, a large number of people dal rule, ordinary Chinese peo• — Take further steps to are still psychologically bound ple had the duty to abide by the strenghten legislation and per• by these habitual extrajudicial law but little across to legal pro• fect the legal system. At present, practices. tection of their rights. As a re• we should take further steps to Moral principles are taken to sult, slack observance of the law speed up economic and adminis• be superior to laws. China, en• and indifference towards rights trative legislation and put econo• trenched in ceremony over the built up a passive concept of mic activities throughout society ages, has always paid attention to legality step by step. Owing to under control of the legal system, moral principles rather than to this influence, many people now so as to provide administrative legality. People's social ideology would rather suffer an unrighted activities with basic standards arose and has persisted on the wrong than go to law against the and procedures. Various laws on basis of ethical concepts of the offender, because they dare not, guaranteeing exercise of the peo• patriarchal system. Traditions in or don't know how, to safeguard ple's democratic rights should be people's minds still place human their rights according to the law. perfected so that various demo• relationships above state laws 5. The Imperfect System of Le• cratic rights the Constitution has and regard age-old moral con• gal Supervision and Some Incom• entrusted to citizens will be guar• cepts as superior to laws. petent Lawyers. At present, ow• anteed in practice. At present in people's minds, ing to the lack of effective pro• — To deepen reform of the standard practice in dealing with cedural laws for controlling un• legal system, we should take matters according to law is still constitutional acts in China, the further steps to deal with outside pitted against the forces of tradi• legal supervisory work of the relationships that interfere with tional morality and human rela• people's congresses and their tions as defined by feudal ethics. standing committees at all levels (Continued on p. 26)

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 15 Rumours and the Truth

The true story of the "Tiananman Incident," which itself had been invented jointly by the media of some Western countries. Hong Kong and Taiwan, and particularly by the Voice of America (VOA), has come out since the riot in Beijing was quelled in June. At the suggestion of some foreign friends, we now publish this article, listing some of the rumours at that time, which were widespread and incendiary, and the truth. There is no analysis or comment here, only facts, so that readers can judge for themselves. Gradually, reports by the above-mentioned media have become less exaggerated. United Press International reported on June 14 that the Voice of America had admitted its "mistakes of honesty" in its reports of the past few weeks. However, the media have not told their readers, listeners or audience the true story. They are afraid that once the public has learned the truth, people will make their own judgements, and the accusations that China "suppressed the democratic movement" and "trampled on human rights" will be shown to be groundless. This represents a great danger to them. However, ordinary people always want to know the truth. In August, an American tourist group called "See the Tiananmen Square with Your Own Eyes," a name with significance itself, which was composed of 100 ordinary Americans of different age and profession, visited Beijing and returned with satisfaction. If, after reading this article, readers still entertain doubts, we suggest that they come to Beijing or any other place in China, like the American tourist group, and see with their own eyes and form their own conclusions.—Ed.

Rumour No.1 students made inflammatory speaker to leave within 20 min• On Thursday morning, publ• speeches, and some threw bricks utes. But they refused to go. ic security personnel arrested and bottles at the policemen, About an hour later, some stu- about 200 to 300 students who among whom four were wound• . dents left after persuasion by were staging a sit-in in front of ed. Some even tried to break their teachers. More than 200 Zhongnanhai. into Zhongnanhai. This violated students were still there at About 300 people had been de• public security regulations. dawn. tained. In order to restore normal or• In order to guarantee the nor• —VOA, April 20 der in front of the gate and mal movement of vehicles, and (This is taken from the Chinese transport on Changan Avenue, according to public security re• language broadcast of VOA as the police told the students gulations, policemen forced are other quatations attibuted to about the announcement of the these students onto a bus and that agency.) Beijing municipal government, sent them back to their univers• asking them to leave. ities. Some refused to go, shout• The Truth It was during the period of ing "Down with the Communist From the evening of April 19 mourning for the death of Party!" Those in the bus broke to the next morning, hundreds Hu Yaobang, former Party windows. of students gathered in front of secretary-general, so the police• During the process, there Xinhuamen, the front gate of men patiently persuaded the were pushing and tussling on Zhongnanhai where the Party students for two hours. At 3:40 both sides. Some policemen and Central Committee and the in the morning, the students students were injured, but only State Council are situated. Some were ordered through a loud• slightly. No student was serious-

16 iBEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 CHINA ly injured, hospitalized or de• period when the public trans• Liu Binyan, who is now in Amer• tained. port network was disrupted, the ica, as saying, "Now more than —People's Daily, April 21 rate was above 90 percent. No 100 army generals and officers and April 28 factories attached to the com• jointly oppose the wrong deci• plex stopped production. In sion. Many provinces and army May, its total production of pig divisions clearly show that they iron reached 273,400 tons, 6.4 do not recognize Li Peng's ad• Rumour No.2 percent more than planned; that ministration, and even call it a About 70,000 workers among of steel reached 299,100 tons, puppet regime." the total of 220,000 in the Capi• 16.4 percent more; and that of -VOA, May 22 and May 23 tal Steel Complex went on strike rolled steel, 270,900 tons, 29 per• on Monday (May 15) support cent more, with a profit of "Seven provinces and eight the students. 135.65 million yuan (US$36.5 government departments includ• —AP, May 16 million). The total profit for the ing the Ministry of Foreign Af• first five months of the year fairs in China's mainland have The Truth reached 730 million yuan expressed to the public that they A manager of the Capital (US$200 million), a 20.38 per• do not support the government Steel Complex pointed out dur• cent increase over the corres• led by Li Peng." ing a telephone interview with a ponding period last year. —AP, Montana, May 22, reporter from the Xinhua News —report from Beijing Review —Central Daily News, Agency on the morning of May Taiwan, May 23 16 that the report was not true. He said, "All the workers have The Truth been holding fast to their work. Rumour No.3 On May 20, Premier Li Peng The complex is a contracted en• Soviet leader Mikhail Gor• signed the order by the State terprise. If production is bachev showed interest in speak• Council imposing martial law stopped, both the country and ing to Beijing University stu• in some areas of Beijing. From workers will suffer losses." dents during his forthcoming May 21 to May 29, the Party —Xinhua, May 16 visit to Beijing, but the Chinese and government authorities of —Beijing Daily, May 16 government rejected this ar• the country's thirty provinces, rangement. municipalities and autonomous The Capital Steel Complex is —VOA, May 12 regions except Taiwan, and the one of the largest enterprises in departments of the central gov• China, with a total staff of 180,- The Truth ernment and national organs, 000 and an annual production The Chinese Foreign Minis• including the Ministry of For• valued at more than 4 billion try confirmed the same day that eign Affairs, sent letters and tel• yuan (US$1.01 billion). On May there was no such arrangement egrams one after the other, ex• 13, some students went on a at all on the agenda for Gor• pressing their support for the hunger strike and presented a bachev's visit between May 15 strong measures taken by the petition at Tiananmen Square. and 18 which was agreed upon Party Central Committee and Some of them and a small num• by both the Chinese and Soviet the State Council to restore rap• ber of other people went to the sides. VGA's report was a pure idly the normal order of the cap• complex many times, distribut• invention. ital. The Party authorities of ing leaflets and making speeches —Xinhua, May 12 all seven military areas also ex• inciting the workers to go on —People's Daily, May 13 pressed their determination to strike and to hold a parade. enforce the correct decision of Thev also tried to break into the the Party and the State Council works to stop production. and to make great contributions However, the workers re• Rumour No.4 to stabilizing the situation in the mained fast at their posts. None After the State Council issued capital and the whole country. went on demonstrations and the an order to impose martial law —People's Daily published attendance rate was quite high. in some areas of Beijing on May these letters and tele• Even during the most chaotic 20, VOA quoted a Chinese writer grams from May 21 to May 29 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 17 CHINA

Rumour No.5 situation was getting more and over by military vehicles. "The Chinese troops slaugh• more critical. After the riot —Videotape "The Facts of tered demonstrators for more broke out, in order to aviod in• the Riot" China Central democracy, killing thousands of juring ordinary people, the Bei• Television Station, June 6 them. At least 1.400 people are jing Municipal People's tjovern- —Videotape "On-the-Spot believed dead in the massa• ment and the Headquarters of Report of the Incidents cre perpetrated on Tiananmen the martial law enforcement in Beijing" (published Square by the People's Libera• troops jointly issued an emer• in China and abroad) tion Army early Sunday morn• gency notice at 6 pm, warning ing." all Beijing residents to stay at On June 3 and 4, American "Demonstrators resisted with home and workers and staff Chinese professor James Chieh force after the troops began the members to stand fast at their Hsiung witnessed from the top massacre." i posts for their personal safety. of Beijing Hotel on East Chan- —VOA, June 5 This notice was announced re• gan Avenue the marching of the peatedly through radio, televi• martial law enforcement troops "The unarmed Chinese stu• sion and other broadcasting dev• towards Tainanmen Square. He dents staged demonstrations ices. However, some of the publ• said to reporters of New York's and parades on Tiananmen ic still went on to the streets as Center Daily News, "I am sure Square. As a result they were onlookers. In the main streets that at first the rioters beat sol• run over by military vehicles and leading to Tiananmen Square, diers and then the soldiers began killed by gunfire. It is a shock• a great number of rioters who to hit back at them." ing and horrifying massacre." mingled with innocent onlook• Chinese composer Hou Dejian —VOA, June 6 ers incited people to obstruct the was an eyewitness who was the troops and to beat and kill sol• last to withdraw from Tianan• The Truth diers, armed police and public men Square. He said, "In the The accounts of many eyew• security personnel. In order to whole process of the withdrawal, itnesses on Tiananmen Square quell the riot rapidly and avoid I did not see any student, civili• and video tapes which have been still more casualties to them• an or armyman killed, neither broadcasted repeatedly on Chi• selves, the soldiers were forced did I see anyone run over by na's TV stations show that from to fire and shot some of the bru• military vehicles." June 3 to June 4 the turmoil in tal rioters. However, because the Beijing developed into a shock• rioters were mixed up with on• ing counter-revolutionary riot lookers who did not know the and the "massacre on Tianan• truth, some onlookers were acci• Rumour No.6 men Square" is a complete ru• dentally wounded. In the pro• "Doctors, nurses, diplomatic mour. The fact is that: cess of quelling the riot, nearly personnel and those who experi• In the small hours of June 3, 300 died, including armymen, enced the incident on the spot when the martial law enforce• rioters who had committed indicate that the troops killed ment troops received orders and crimes, civilians who did not un• thousands of people participat• marched into the city to safe• derstand what was happening, ing'in the demonstration in the guard social order and protect and 36 university and college quelling action of marching to• public property, they were students. The number of the wards Tiananmen Square with blocked and obstructed by mass• wounded was 6,000 for the ar• military vehicles. Because many es of people and some students mymen and 3,000 for civilians. bodies were burned on the spot who did not know the true na• In the early morning of June or carried away immediately, ture of the situation. At this 4, when the martial law enforce• the actual number of dead will time, a handful of rioters min• ment troops were clearing Tian• never be known." gled with onlookers and beat anmen Square, most of the de• — VOA, June 10 and lynched officers and sol• monstrators withdrew of their diers of the People's Liberation own accord and a minority of The Truth Army, burnt military vehicles, people were driven away. In the The details of the process of and snatched weapons, ammuni• whole process of clearing the clearing Tiananmen Square are: tion and military supplies. The square, no one was killed or run At 1:30 am on June 4, the mar• is BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 tial law enforcement troops them. This was the reason for golia Autonomous Region. moved close to Tiananmen and the first fires seen on the square. —Oriental Daily News, took up positions surrounding After most of the students Hong Kong, June 6 the square. had withdrawn, there were still At 1:50 am, an emergency a few at the southeastern end of Eighty-four-year-old Deng notice issued by the Beijing the square who refused to leave, Xiaoping has not appeared in Municipal People's Government and armed police and the mar• public since he received Gor• and the headquarters of the tial law enforcement troops bachev in late May. According to martial law enforcement troops compelled them to do so. At reports from Hong Kong, Deng was broadcast on the square, 5:30 am, the clearance was com• has died. Li Peng was wounded saying that a counter• pleted. in an attempted assassination. revolutionary riot had taken In the process of the clear• He was shot by a young military place in Beijing on June 3 and ance, a few rioters vainly at• officer, who killed himself short• demanding students and onlook• tempted to take soldiers' rifles ly afterwards. ers on the square to leave as and the soldiers fired in the air soon as possible. to give a warning. In order -VOA, June 6 This emergency notice was to eliminate the loud-speakers The Truth broadcasted repeatedly for two hung by the "Beijing college stu• On the morning of June 8, Li hours through loud speakers. dents' autonomous federation" Peng, representing the Chinese Most of the people quickly left on the southeast corner of the Communist Party Central Com• the square. The remaining stu• Monument to the People's Her• mittee and the State Council, re• dents, now numbering several oes, soldiers shot at them to sil• viewed the martial law enforce• thousands, massed around the ence them. After the demonstra• ment troops at the Great Hall of Monument to the People's Her• tors withdrew, when someone the People, and expressed the oes. shot at the troops from a high- hope that they would continue Then Hou Dejian, who had rise building in the southeast to contribute to the peace and participated in a 72-hour hunger of the square. The soldiers shot stability of the capital. This was strike, went up to negotiate with back at the roof of the building reported by the China Central an officer of the martial law en• to give a warning. But no person Television (CCTV) in the even• forcement troops. Hou said that was killed or run over by mili• ing. the students were willing to tary vehicles. On the afternoon of June 9, withdraw from the square, but At dawn, in order to clear Deng Xiaoping received mil• there were different points of away the garbage, boxes and itary officers of the martial law view. It would take them some rickety tents on the square, the enforcement troops at Huairen- time to reach a unanimous opi• soldiers set a fire to them. This tang in Zhongnanhai, and made nion. The headquarters of the was the reason for the second an important speech. Yang martial law enforcement troops fire in the square. Shangkun and Li Peng also at• in a broadcast announcement —People's Daily, June 8 tended. CCTV reported the re• agreed with the students' de• and June 21 ception in the evening. mand to be allowed to withdraw —China Central Televi• —People's Daily, June 9 and 10 from the square voluntarily and sion Station, June 7 —CCTV, June 8 and 9 said that there was a way out —Beijing Daily, June 10 —Central People's Broad• at the southeastern end of the cast Station, June 8 square. About 4:40 am, the students began to leave in an orderly Rumour No.7 way, lining up and carrying Li Peng was shot by a military Rumour No.8 their own banners. Before they officer at the Great Hall of the The China Red Cross and oth• left, some of the demonstra• People. Deng Xiaoping has died. er exclusive reports say that at tors made a fire of the cotton —Ming Pao, Hong Kong, least thousands of people have clothes, quilts and woollen blan• June 5 died since last weekend. kets left on the square, in case —VOA, June 6 the military vehicles ran over Li Peng fled to the Inner Mon• BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 198 19 CHINA

The Truth is a pure inflammatory inven• A spokesman for the China Observers said that the 27th tion. Red Cross said, "We have nev• Army is ready to counterattack —Zhang Gong, major general er talked to any one about the those troops who are opposed to and director of the death toll of the June 4 incident. the enforcement of martial law political department The figure reported by VOA is and suppression of the demon• of a martial law an invention. strators. There were occasional enforcement unit —Xinhua, June 15 conflicts between soldiers loyal —People's Daily, June 8 —People's Daily, June 16 to different sections of the lead• ership. Diplomats said that the A few days ago, VOA report• split among the military troops ed that my army fought against was due to the massacre of another army at the Nanyuan Rumour No.9 the pro-democracy demonstra• Airport. In fact, neither of our tors last Saturday in downtown There are more and more in• two armies was at the airport, dications that different units of Beijing. and our two armies are old the army have fought against neighbours and we are getting each other. Conflicts occurred between along quite well. It is impossible the 27th Army and two other ar• for us to fight against each Foreign reporters and diplom• mies, the 28th and 38th, near the other. ats have seen soldiers shoot at Military Museum of the Chinese —Li Zhiyun, senior colonel each other. They believe that People's Revolution on the even• and director of the politi• this shows the split of military ing of June 6. cal department of a martial units loyal to different sections law enforcement unit of the government. On Tuesday, troops loyal to —Beijing Daily, June 21 different sections have deployed The conflict between troops in battle array and occasional Officers from the General and unarmed citizens was re• armed conflicts have occurred. Political Department of the Peo• placed by that between different The boom of cannon from a mil• ple's Liberation Army (PLA) army units. According to West• itary base in the south of the said that "for 62 years since the ern diplomats, there has been an city can be heard. founding of PLA, the army has exchange of fire between mar• —VOA, June 7 developed a good tradition of tial law enforcement troops and highly centralized command other troops who have not been People are worrying these and obeying orders. Things like authorized to suppress the de• days that armed conflicts may conflict have never happened." monstrators. The Tiananmen happen between armies loyal to On May 19, under orders of Square was guarded by the 27th different sections of the leader• the Central Military Commis• Army. Reports said that the com• ship. Some soldiers have occu• sion, martial law enforcement mander of this army is a relative pied advantageous positions in troops immediately started to of Yang Shangkun, the Chinese the city, not waiting for the si• move to Beijing according to de• president. The 38th Army, which tuation to calm down but being signated time and route. On the is stationed near Beijing, re• prepared to fight against other evening of June 3, at the order fused to use weapons against the soldiers. of the headquaters of the mar• students, and the 27th Army has —VOA, June 8 tial law enforcement troops, thus been dispatched to Beijing they reached Tiananmen Square to suppress the demonstrators. The Truth on schedule after breaking Some people said that two of through the road blocks put up It is said that the troops sym• our armies have been attacking by rioters, and surrounded the pathetic to the reformers within each other since yesterday even• square, leaving one outlet. This the Party are moving to Beijing ing, and even using cannons, for guaranteed the success of clear• from the east and will possibly possession of the Nanyuan Air• ing the square. attack the troops who have occu• port in the south of the city. I The 27th and 28th Armies, pied the city. can tell you that neither army is who used to be stationed quite —VOA, June 6 in or near the airport at all. This near each other, have been on

20 IEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 CHINA good terms. During their mis• transport, the Shanghai Public sion this time, they have strict• Security Bureau dispatched 400 — Wenhui Daily, June 8 ly obeyed the order and man• policemen to the site. They pa• oeuvred on time. It was they tiently persuaded the crowd to who cleared the square. After move and finally formed a "hu• Rumour No.11 putting down the riot, both ar• man wall" along the two sides /(is reported that troops have mies, together with other mar• of the railway so that 60 trains entered universities in Beijing, tial law enforcement troops, could pass the junction by 6:30 taken by force the authority to shouldered the responsibility of the next morning. manage the hotbeds where the safeguarding the security of Bei• However, the rioters whose so-called anti-government de• jing and helping return every• purpose was to cause chaos re• monstrations were hatched. thing to normal. turned to the junction and con• —VOA, June 4 —report from Beijing Review tinued to incite people. Those who had left came back and Public security personnel en• gathered together again. The tered Beijing University and ar• junction fell into chaos once rested more than 10 students. Rumour No.10 more. Since Thursday (June 8) even• A train tore into a crowd of At 8:43 pm, train No.161 ing, a curfew has been imposed people trying to block a railway- from Beijing approached the in areas where universities are in Shanghai, and claimed six junction. Finding the crowd located. Later, security people lives. It is reported that the blocking junction, the driver ap• entered Beijing University. train driver had received an or• plied the emergency brakes im• —VOA, June 9 der that he need not care for the mediately. But, because of its safety of the crowd. momentum, the train killed six The Truth —VOA, June 6 people and injured six others. At no time since May 20 The handful of rioters made when martial law was declared On June 15, three criminals use of this accident in order to has a curfew been imposed upon were sentenced to death by the stir up people again. Three of Beijing's Haidian District where Shanghai Intermediate People's them set fire to a postal car of most universities are located or Court. On June 17, VOA quoted the train which rapidly apread on other universities elsewhere White House spokesman Fitz- to the passenger cars. in the city. Martial law enforce• water as saying they were people The rioters also pushed over a ment troops and public security who had exercised basic human traffic control! box, threw bricks personnel have not entered any rights, and the death sentence at policemen coming to the res• of the universities-. was lamentable. cue, attacked the rescue head• Around 10 am on June 8, —VOA, June 17 quarters set up by the public the police sub-station in Beijing security departments and tried University received a phone call The Truth to stop fire fighters. As a result, from a girl student living in On the morning of June 5, a 942 post bags, six motorcycles Building 40, saying that a thief group of people pretending to and nine passenger cars were had been caught red-handed. be university students made burned. Policemen immediately went to speeches at the road-railway Eleven rioters who had stirred the spot. They were going to junction in Shanghai's Gu- up the trouble were arrested on take the thief away when they angxin Road, inciting their au• the spot. Three of them, Xu were stopped by his confeder• dience which was not clear Guoming, Yan Xuerong and ates. With the help of some stu• about the truth to stage a sit-in Bian Hanwu, later sentenced to dents, policemen took the thief on the railway and block trains. death by the Shanghai Interme• and his 11 companions (alto• By 6:00 pm, 103 freight trains diate People's Court, were the gether 7 men and 5 women) and 47 passenger trains had principal criminals who set fire to the police sub-station. They been blocked, and about 23,- to the train. Two of them were were found to be carrying'two 000 people were held up at the workers; the other had no job. daggers and a spring-loaded Shanghai Railway Station. In —People's Daily, knife. order to resume normal railway June 8 and 22 After interrogation, police- BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17,, 1^89 21 CHINA

men learned that some of them guards of Chai Ling, one of the -VOA,July3 were middle school students, student leaders, who used to be some were workers, farmers, a postgraduate student at Bei• The Truth temporary workers, self- jing Normal University. After At 10 am on June 7, an army employed and jobless people. No they withdrew from the square unit of the martial law enforce• one of them was a Beijing Univ• on the morning of June 4, Chai ment troops was marching from west to east. When they passed ersity student. arranged for them to stay in the by the Jianguomen overpass, During the anti-government dormitories of Beijing Univers• they were fired on from both turmoil, they joined illegal or• ity. the diplomatic compound and ganizations, such as the "Bei• —report from Beijing Review buildings on the south of the jing college students autonom• street. Soldier Zang Lijie was ous federation," the "Beijing ci• killed on the spot. Liu Hanbin tizens dare-to-die corps" and and two other soldiers were "special picket at Tiananmen Rumour No. 12 wounded. The troops were forced to shoot back and they square," and took part in such "The evidence collected proves surrounded the diplomatic com• activities as burning military ve• that last month Chinese troops pound and other buildings near• hicles and armoured personnel deliberately shot at the diplom• by. Then they withdrew quickly. carriers containing military sup• atic compound In which foreig• In the process, no person in the plies, spreading rumours, incit• ners live. It was a plot instead of compound was killed or ing people, and posting reaction• the troops' impulsive action as wounded. ary slogans. it was described by the Chinese —People's Daily, June 23 They called themselves body• government." and July 5

(Continued from p. 19) chanism and strengthen supervi• ties should be established or per• sion over law enforcement. In or• fected for the sake of maintain• implementation of the laws. The der to institutionalize and stan• ing the ranks of highly quali• functions, powers and responsi• dardize legal supervision by the fied legal personnel. Moreover, bilities of the Party, the People's people's congresses and their the people's congresses and gov• Congress, the government and standing committees, the latter ernments at different levels must the judicial organs should be at all levels should take supervi• regularly or at random intervals clearly divided and formulated sion over the government, courts check up on the enforcement of in laws and regulations. This will and procuratorates as a task of existing laws and regulations in form a system in which these or• primary importance. In addition, order to enhance the law- gans at all levels can attend to the supervisory functions of pro- enforcing personnel's conscious• their own duties, become differ• curatorial organs should be ness and professional perform• entiated, limited and co-operate strengthened. ance. with each other, and keep up — Enlarge and improve the — Carry out legal education contacts with each other. In ad• contingent of law-enforcing per• among the people. To solve the dition, some administrative and sonnel and enhance their politi• problem of ignoring laws, one legal measures should be formu• cal and professional competence. has to start with legal education lated to punish illegal activities Qualifications of practising law- throughout the nation and the and unconstitutional acts. Thus, enforcing personnel at different whole Party. Leading Party and Party organizations at different departments should be formulat• government cadres at all lev• levels will carry on their activi• ed and standardized. Through els and law-enforcing person• ties within the limits permitted unified examination, the quali• nel should be the important tar• by law and the Constitution, and fied ones should be assigned gets of the education, so that the people's congresses, the gov• posts, while those who are not they will continuously sharpen ernment and judicial organiza• qualified should receive special their sense of legality, conscien• tions at all levels can indepen• training, or be transferred to oth• tiously promote and observe dis• dently exercise their functions er posts. The systems of employ• cipline, and inspire all the peo• and powers according to law. ment, examination, training, ple throughout society to heigh• — Perfect the supervisory me• promotion, rewards and penal• ten their legal consciousness. •

22 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 Notes on a Trip to Slienzhen (4) A Glimpse of the Science & Technology Industrial Park

This is our reporter's fourth report on Shenzhen. The first three—"Fruit of the Open Policy," "Progress and Problems in Attracting Foreign Capital" and "Establishing an Export-Oriented Economy"—appeared separately in our issues No. 34,35 and 36.—Ed. by Our Staff Reporter Jing Wei

group of structures of the park has worked in co• zhen proper. Products turned unique design in soft col• operation with Singapore, Ja• out by these enterprises in• Aours is visible after half an pan, Austria, the Federal Re• clude computer diskette driv• hour's bus ride westward along public of Germany, the United ers, mains, circuit board panels, the Shennan Road from down• States and Hong Kong, as well artificial diamonds and prod• town Shenzhen. It signals our as some departments and enter• ucts, high-frequency quartz os• approach to the special eco• prises in other parts of China, cillators, heated contract cable nomic zone's high-tech base, and set up more than 30 prod• casings made of macromolecu- known as the Shenzhen Science uctive establishments. The park lar memory materials and plas• and Technology Industrial Park has already built three standard ma membrane concentrated Oo• which we are planning to visit. factory buildings covering 40,- long tea. At the front gate of the off• 000 square metres for Chinese To provide comfortable living ice building of the Shenzhen and foreign businesses. At pre• conditions for the experts, engi• Science and Technology Indus• sent, most of the 12 Sino-foreign neers and entrepreneurs work• trial Park Corp., General Man• joint ventures on the premises ing there, the park has built five ager Zhang Yiyi greeted us are housed in these three build• seven-storey apartment build• warmly and showed us around. ings. Some companies formed ings. All the three-, two- Construction was begun in soon after the founding of the and one-room apartments are 1985, Zhang told us. Since then. park are still located in Shen- equipped with private bath• rooms, kitchens and other mod• A factory building in the Shenzhen Science and Technology Industrial Park. ern amenities. Opposite the corporation's building, the Wearnes Scientif• ic and Technological Mansion, funded by the Wearnes Co. of Singapore, is going up, sched• uled to be completed by the end of this year. Also under construction are buildings of the Bioengineering Co. for the production of hepa• titis B vaccine, and the Natural Perfume and Fine Chemicals Co. for the production of natur• al perfume, essence, cosmetics and fine chemicals. The factory buildings of the

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 23 CHINA

Tianhong Co. Ltd. which will produce natural pigment and other food additives will be completed soon. Two other stan• dard factory buildings, each with a floor space of 18,000. square metres, are now under construction and will be leased to foreign and Chinese business• es upon completion. All these buildings, however, cover only one-sixteenth of the industrial park area which will stretch southward as far as the rim of Shenzhen Bay. The park now under construction covers only 200,000 square metres and represents the first stage of the project. The second stage will cover 920,000 square metres, the third stage, 2.1 million. General Manager Zhang said, "The Science and Technology Heated contract cable casings made of macro-molecular memory materials. Industrial Park is now only be• or of Shenzhen. Zhou Guang- tronic information, new-type ginning to take shape. The se• zhao, president of the Chinese materials and bioengineering in• cond stage is currently under Academy of Sciences, is its first dustries is the direction of de• way. Anyhow, a foundation has deputy director. The Science velopment, the general man• been laid for proceeding to the and Technology Industrial Park ager told us. Relying mainly on third stage in the 1990s." Corp., with the status of a legal domestic scientific and technol• person, is responsible for all the ogical forces, the park also construction and development imports advanced technology. Direction of Development and conducts various activities While turning the results of For China's mainland, the in its capacity as an economic domestic scientific research in• building of such a science and enterprise. The corporation's ge• stitutes into products, the park technology industrial complex is neral manager is appointed by also helps and promotes the a pioneering project. What are the, management committee. transformation of the special its characteristics and in what Zhang Yiyi, now 55, became economic zone's economy into direction will it develop? How the corporation's general man• one of technology- and will it fare in international ex• ager after participating in the knowledge-intensive industries changes? These questions raised planning of the industrial park through the development of its by our reporter were answered as a representative of the own science and technology. Ev• fully by General Manager Chinese Academy of Sciences. entually what we will see is a Zhang. He majored in physics at a comprehensive centre oriented In the beginning, the pro• Chinese university and graduat• towards developing new tech• ject was funded jointly by the ed from the geological depart• nology and high-tech products Chinese Academy of Sciences ment of a university in the Ger• and combining production with and the Shenzhen government. man Democratic Republic in both scientific research and edu• After the Guangdong Interna• the 1950s. In the 1970s, he was cation. tional Trust and Investment Co. head of the German section of Up to now, the park has esta• bought a share in 1987, it be• Beijing Review. Before coming blished a wide range of business came an economic venture run to Shenzhen he was a leading relations with scientific, tech• jointly by the three parties. Its member of the Institute of Geo• nological and industrial circles highest organ of power is the physics of the Chinese Academy in the United States, Japan, Science and Technology Indus• of Sciences. Singapore, Britain, France, the trial Park Management Com• Creation of a technological in• Federal Republic of Germany, mittee headed by Li Ying, may• dustrial centre featuring elec• Canada, Austria, Sweden, Den- 24 BEIJING REVIEW,'SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 mark, Australia and Hong has not only given preferential characters," "the collating Kong. It has joined the Interna• treatment to technical personnel soft-ware of Chinese charac• tional Scientific Park Associa• in their daily life but also creat• ters," "the news typesetting sys• tion and become a member of ed good working conditions for tem of Chinese characters" and the standing committee of them. Entrusted with important "the font producing system of the association's Asian-Pacific tasks, they can take up research, all Chinese characters." Mr. branch. In April 1988, it success• develop new products and work Zhu said that the font producing fully sponsored the branch's an• for new enterprises free of ex• system of all Chinese characters nual meeting in Shenzhen. traneous worries. The preferen• not only can store all the words According to General Manger tial treatment given to the fol• of a Chinese dictionary (about Zhang, in the past three years, lowing three technical personnel 40,000 words) but also can the centre has established ten represents this policy. create new words that may productive enterprises and an Zhu Bangfu, born in Taiwan, emerge in the future. Some 6 international exhibition com• is now general advisor to the million words can be stored and plex in co-operation with for• computer laboratory of the created in an ordinary micro• eign businesses. This year it has Shenzhen Science and Technol• computer. The birth of the all signed another batch of joint ogy Industrial Park Corp. Chinese characters microcom• venture agreements. He said "They say I am a 'freak.' It's a puter will be of important sig• he'd like to borrow a corner of title conferred on me by over• nificance economically and cul• Beijing Review to warmly wel• seas mass media. It's probably turally. The collating software come industrialists, scientists because I never studied compu• of Chinese characters has the and technicians of various coun• ter science at university, but applied functions of document tries to make investment or oth• came up with a number of new processing, data storage, dia• er contributions to expedite the computer products right of the gramming, imaging and com• development and construction blue, so it seemed." The 52-year- municating, and operators can of the industrial park. old Zhu is excited about his freely make the layout on a disk. work."My colleagues and I have Dwelling on his work in the made considerable headway in science and technology park, Open Avenues for Talents development over the last year this computer expert said with The Science ^nd Technology or so and will put out four new emotion,"I shuttled back and Industrial Park has acquitted products," he told us. forth between Brazil, Taiwan and the United States for a doz• itself splendidly on attracting The four new products are the en or so years, and although I people of talent, we found. It "promotion system of Chinese had made some success in com• Inventor Zou Dejun, nicknamed "the cutting tool magnate." puter research, I still failed to achieve what I expected." "After I came to this park in 1988," he continued, "the corporation in• vited me to be general advisor to the computer office, provided me with 20 assistants and gave me a free hand in scientific re• search. Leaders of the corpora• tion have treated me very well and showed solicitude for me in my daily life. I feel the park is a favourable place for me in my computer research and develop• ment work." After his return to Beijing, this reporter learnt from the Shenzhen Special Zone Newspa• per that Mr. Zhu signed on June 15 an agreement on the esta• blishment of a joint venture, the Liangyi Cultural, Scientific and

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17,1989 25 Technological Company, with the Shenzhen Science and Tech• nology Industrial Park Corp., putting the stress on the de• velopment of state-of-the-art Chinese and English language computers. Zou Dejun, nicknamed "cut• ting tool magnate," is noted par• ticularly for his invention of six kinds of high-efficiency tool clips which have been classified by the state as key technological items for promotion. His inven• tions won widespread acclaim at the 2nd International Technol• ogical Market sponsored by Bri• tain in 1985 and the 21th World the tool turns out with an excel• nor matters; many good ideas Technological Market Fair held lent polish in a few seconds. simply vanished along the way. in the United States in 1987. Zou said, "After repeated ex• Second, the park has adopt• Some experts called the tool periments, the efficiency of this ed preferential policies encour• clips "top-level products any• machine tool fitted with the clip aging technical personnel to run where in the world." is four to five times higher than enterprises, and I get great satis• "I came to work here for a machine tool without. I'd like, faction out of turning technol• my cause," Zou Dejun, general as quickly as possible, to have ogical achievements into com• manager of the Shenzhen New workers in the world use the tool modities. Tech Development Corp., said. clips, which are energy-saving, Third, this place is close to Zou used to be an engineer at safe, and more efficient and of Hong Kong; information is the China Science and Technol• good quahty." readily available; I can learn ogy University. He had a hand• about scientific and technologi• some income and had achieved Chen Jiayan, known as a "plasma membrane expert," cal developments and world some fame, but the university market changes in good time formerly a deputy research fel• lacked the conditions for prod• and make constant progress. • low of the Chemical and Physi• ucing and popularizing his high- Fourth, there's a pioneering cal Research Institute under the efficiency tool clips on a big spirit here, and relationships be• Chinese Academy of Sciences, scale. After he came to the in• tween people are relaxed and is now general manager of the dustrial park, the corporation more open. Shenzhen Mosheng Co. Since provided him with a factory The park provides scientists and purchased him production his arrival at the park, he has and technicians with all possible equipment, and let him choose successfully mass-produced the living and working comforts. the best qualified personnel. enriched Oolong tea concentrate This plasma membrane expert The company has started mass- and instant Oolong tea powder said confidently,"I want to use producing the tool clips, and with plasma membrane. plasma membrane techniques firms from the Netherlands, He said,"It was only after more widely, to enable many Hong Kong and Taiwan have much hesitation, long considera• more traditionally primary come to place orders. tion and repeated observations products to retain their original This 47-year-old inventor that I decided to leave my re• quality and to be easily trans• showed us how to use his tool search institjite and become ported and sold. I'd like to let clips. An ordinary machine tool manager of an enterprise here." people in other countries enjoy incorporated with such a high- He cited five advantages he en• and appreciate China's quality precision and multi-functional joys at the park: products." At present, he and tool clip can be quickly turned First, all my creativeness can his colleagues have put their into a multi-functional, high- be brought into full play here. heads together to research de• efficiency machine tool. After When I worked at the institute, velop enriched Chinese herbal drilling, expanding, broaching, I had to ask for instructions medicines, special soft drinks threading, looping and rolling. from level to level, even for mi• and enzyme concentrates. •

26 BEIJING REVIEW, SfiPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 BUSINESS/TRADE inevitable trend. More than 20 Open Roads With Foreign Fund high-grade roads totalling 27,000 km will have been built by 1995. hina's Ministry of Com• at Huangshi in Hubei Province, Such construction will call for munications reports that it and a highway bridge on the increased foreign investments, Cis taking measures to in• Nenjiang River at Qiqihar in increased road tolls, extra crease the utilization of foreign Heilongjiang Province. charges on gas, and the issuing of fund to speed up the construc• In addition, more than 20 construction bonds. tion of high-grade highways. domestic and external corpora• China has used the World Agreements have already been tions have entered the first inter• Bank funds for highway con• signed with the World Bank on national tendering for the con• struction since 1985. The first raising funds for the construc• struction of a 340 km long such project was the construction tion' of class-A and class-B highway from Chengdu to of highways totalling 1,600 km highways from Chengdu to Chongqing. The project repre• in Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Chongqing in Sichuan Prov• sents one of the sixth group of Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Yun• ince, a class-A highway from the World Bank-funded pro• nan, Guangxi and Sichuan. The Tongchuan to Sanyuan in jects. Of the total investment second project was the construc• Shaanxi Province, a highway of 1.141 billion yuan needed, tion in 1987 of a 142 km free• from Nanchang to Jiujiang and US$125 million was granted by way from Beijing via Tianjin to a highway bridge at Nanchang,in the World Bank. It is believed Tanggu. Jiangxi Province, and a class-A that the project scheduled to highway from Jinan to Qingdao start this year will take five years by Li Ning in Shandong Province. before it is opened to traffic. The central government has Qian Yongchang, minister Chinese Ships empowered the Ministry of Com• of Communications, said that munications to use the third sum Chinese highways were exhaust- Sail to the US of money from the Japanese Ov• edly used by pedestrians, carts, wo years ago, the China Ship erseas Economic Co-operative beasts of burden, motor vehicles Trade Co. and Shanghai's Fund to help finance the con• and manually driven vehicles. Jiangnan Shipyard signed struction of a special bus loop Such a mixture brings a burden Tcontracts with an American ship highway on Hainan Island, a upon the traffic that cars can company for building two ves• class-A highway from Hefei to only move 30 kilometres per sels. The first of the two Tonghng and a highway bridge hour—far lower than the 60 km 64,000-ton bulk vessels was at Tongling in Anhui Prov• level that is seen as an economi• launched in the Shanghai ship• ince, a highway bridge on cal speed. yard on August 20. the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Qian pointed out that the de• at Wuhan and a similar bridge velopment of highways is an With an overall length of 225 The new Shenyang-Dalian Freeway. metres, a width of 32.2 metres WANG ]1A and a depth of 18 metres, the ship, China Glory,ha.s proven the world's most popular in naviga• tion circles since China start• ed building vessels for export. Meanwhile, this Panama-style bulk cargo vessel is also one of the largest vessels with a load• ing capacity through the Pana• ma Canal. The ship of 16.3 knots with a crew of 26 is automatized 1 for 24 hours. It is said that the Jiangnan Shipyard will build five similar vessels for four ship-owners in the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany and Hong Kong. Three of them are for the ^ American shipo-owner. a

BEIJING REVIEW/S^PtEhilBEk i't-ili4m 2" BUSINESS/TRADE

ucts there were ^Iso cultural ex• tion to contracts, keeping credit Hebei Sees hibits such as papercuts, calligra• and raising China's foreign trade Trade Success phy, paintings and drawings. reputation held on August 21 in Through this fair, trade con• Beijing indicates that efforts are in Hamburg tacts between Hebei and Western being made to change this situa• Europe, especially with Federal tion. ebei Province's first Export Ropublic of Germany has been Minister of Foreign Econo• Commodity Fair and Eco• expanded. • mic Relations and Trade Zheng H nomic and Technical Co• Tuobin told the conference that operation Symposium, a co• although by August 10 this year, operative fair on economy and Sino-Romanian total exports had been valued at trade, was held at Hamburg's Fa• Line-up in US$24.4 billion, a 0.6 percent in• shion Dress Exhibition Centre crease over the same period last in the Federal Republic of Ger• Know-How year, the export situation for the many from May 29 to June 6, whole year gave no cause for op• 1989. About 700 businesses from hina signed co-operative timism. In addition to insuffi• cient credit funds, the decrease 12 countries including the Neth• protocols on 60 new pro• in sources of staple export com• erlands, France, Britain, Bel• jects with the Romanian C modities and the steep rise in gium, the United States and the Science and Technology Com• prices caused by inflation, ob• mission at the 29th meeting held host country participated in the vious problems affecting export in Bucharest on August 17, 1989. fair. development were the drop in These new projects involve The value of China's export quality and the decline in the transaction at the symposium chemical, machine-building, me• rate of agreements honoured. reached US$42.74 million in• tallurgy and nonferrous metals, Zheng said that during the last volving 114 kinds of commodi• light industry, medicine and two years, the situation in which ties. The value of 21 commodi• agriculture, with some 19 of export contracts China signed ties such as prawn, pear, textiles, them being scientific and tech• nological projects. with foreign countries were not garment, carpet and barium honoured on schedule had be• carbonate each exceeded The China-Romanian Science come apparent. Some enterprises US$500,000. and Technology Commission was ignored quality which gave rise Some products such as dried to such serious problems as chillis from the China Nation• founded in 1953. During the adulteration and counterfeit• al Produce and Animal By• 1950s, scientific and technologi• ing, which not only threatened products Import and Export cal co-operation between the two the export profits of this and la• Corp. and labour protection countries was chiefly aimed at ter years, but also lowered Chi• products from the China Light providing each other technical na's prestige in foreign trade and Industrial Products Import and materials. Since the 1960s, there seriously obstructed the develop• Export Corp. were on the West• have been mutual exchanges of ment of exports. ern market for the first time. experts for scientific investiga• Zheng said that in order to put For example, the Huabei Phar• tion. Their co-operation has de• an end to this serious state of maceutical Factory and the veloped rapidly. • affairs promptly, keep China's Yaohua Pilkington Glassworks good reputation in foerign trade formally entered the import and and guarantee the healthy devel• export field this year. In the past China Plans opment of exports, China would the two factories had few oppor• Export adopt effective measures, apply tunities of exporting their prod• certain laws and regulations ucts. But this time both of them Improvements strictly, and set up and improve established many new ties with necessary laws and law-enforcing a group of foreign businessmen he problems of poor quality rules. At present his ministry is that promise better growth con• of export commodities and drafting two regulations forbid• ditions in the export world. T contracts not being fulfilled ding adulteration and counter• At the fair, Hebei's 22 com• to the letter, which have brought feiting in exports and reinforcing panies and enterprises exhibited strong reactions from foreign controls over the honouring of more than 1,000 kinds of com• businessmen, are attracting Chi• contracts. The two regulations modities. Although most were in• na's attention. A national work• would soon be put into effect. dustrial and agricultural prod• ing conference on paying atten• Another important measure

28 BElJtNG kEV^!MiP%EMBER 11-17, 1989 BUSINESS/TRADE

the ministry is working on is the Constructing and Reforming In• Industrial Corp. regular appraisal of the quali• dustrial Projects in China. Con• Huo's prediction of price dec• fications and credit of foreign tracts with Moscow have also line is based on the rapid growth trade enterprises and publicizing been signed to start 17 projects of China's export capacity of the names of those which have that will include the Harbin Flax H-acid. For 30 years, his corpor• paid attention to the quality of Factory in Heilongjiang Prov• ation has maintained the annual export commodities and the ful• ince, the renovation of Furnace production capacity of 6,000 tons filling of contracts as a means of No. 3 of the Wuhan Iron and of H-acid that saw half of it reward. Steel Co. in Hubei Province, the exported. This October, a new Zheng said that those enter• Nanjing Power Plant in Jiangsu production line will come on line prises, which indulged in adul• Province and the Jilin Terroally with an annual production ca• teration and counterfeiting, ig• Factory. Talks are being con• pacity of 6,000 tons, of which nored quality and caused serious ducted on the implementation of 4,500 tons will be exported. harm to foreign trade would be the joint economic and technol• But the 9,000-ton global de• severely criticized and punished ogical projects that were nego• mand is still far from being satis• according to law. • tiated in 1988. fied. The substance supply is lim• Other joint venture initiatives ited by its extended and complex include the start of pulp and pap• manufacturing process, the steep Great Leap in er factories within China, and a demand for the raw materials jointly funded Beijing-Moscow that compose it, and the limit• Sino-Soviet Restaurant. Negotiations are also ed number of factories, chiefly leading up to a joint-venture found in China, Japan and the Trade thermos factory to be built inside Federal Republic of Germany, the Soviet Union. In addition, that produce it. ino-Soviet trade has been de• the face-lift of Beijing Restaur• by Yue Haitao veloping rapidly ever since ant in Moscow has been complet• S China and the USSR res• ed and will soon be put into ser• tored their trade relations in vice. Joint Venture in 1981. The volume of trade in The normalization of Sino- Capsule Project 1988 reached US$2.9 billion, 11 Soviet relations in 1989 has times that of 1981, making the opened a new era in the econo• hina's first company to spe• Soviet Union China's fifth larg• mic and trade relations between cialize in producing phar• est trade partner. Trade figure in the two countries. Experts pred• maceutical capsules has the first half of this year showed C ict that the total volume of bila• started. The recently founded a 34 percent increase over the teral trade will exceed US$3 bil• plant, the Suzhou Capsule Co. same period last year to reach a lion and grow from 3.6 percent to Ltd., is a Sino-American joint total of US$1,739 billion. Of 10 percent by the mid-1990s or venture. that figure, Chinese exports held the end of this century. The company is targeting at a US$752 million, showinjg a 12 The two sides have established mounting capsule demand both percent increase, while imports co-operation in such sectors as domestically and abroad by the accounted for US$986 million, a energy, communications, metal• pharmaceutical industry. 63 percent increase. lurgy, light industry and labour A total of US$14 million has The restoration of the border services. It is believed that their been invested by both Warner- trade in 1983 has spurred growth co-operation will be further ex• Lambert Co. and the China Na• in the border provinces of Hei- panded to include agriculture, tional Pharmaceutical and Tech• longjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xin• medical services and the aviation nology Corp. which has eight jiang Uygur Autonomous Re• industry. • production lines with an annual gion and Jilin. The volume of production capacity of 2.4 billion Sino-Soviet border trade in 1988 capsules. reached US$274 million, 3.1 Expanded The company, which sells on times 1987's, trade volume. H-Acid Exports the domestic, Asian and Eruo- China and the Soviet Union pean markets, has already re• have also signed 49 agreements eginning from this October, ported US$150,000 in foreign ex• on economic and technologi• the price of H-acid in the change earnings. cal co-operation following the B international market may The company occupies 720,000 Agreements on Economic and drop," says Huo Ronghua, gener• sq. feet on the shores of Jinji Technological Co-operation for al manager of the Jilin Chemical Lake in Suzhou. •

BEIJING REVIEW, SEBTEMRER 11-17, IS)^? 29 FROMITHEICHINESEIPRESS the cities will give up their own Fewer Farmers on the Move language to speak only Mandar• in or languages of other minori• TONGJIXINXI to the poor trading environment ties who are the dominant group (Statistical News) and deficiencies in management, in an area," said Hu Zhongwen, ccoring to a recent sample some village and township enter• Pumi, chief of the Welfare De• survey of 2,538 villages in prises had to close down, suspend partment of the Lijiang gov• A 29 provinces, autonomous production, merge, change their ernment. "I myself have little regions and municipalities di• products, or reduce the scale of chance to speak my own lan• rectly under the central govern• their operations. Third, slow pro• guage, maybe only a few times a ment, the number of rural la• gress in constructing small towns year when I meet Pumi people." bourers moving out of agricul• directly influenced the process of Pumi is one of the smallest ture to other work in 1988 urbanization in rural areas and of China's 56 nationalities, with amounted to 4.8 percent of the limited the number of farmers about 20,000 people living in total. And 83.6 percent were ab• moving to other work. Yunnan Province. Like other sorbed locally, while 16.4 percent 3. The transformation of farm• small nationalities, Pumi people flowed into urban areas. ers was imbalanced between re• found they were losing their Among all labourers absorbed gions. The uneven development identity to the main population by local industry and service of the economy in different areas in the area. trades, 35.6 percent worked in also mirrored the uneven move• "It is not a matter of politics or manufacturing, 22.5 percent in ment. At present, the develop• racialism but a matter of pract• building, 8.5 percent in trans• ment of village and township en• ical convenience," Hu said. port, 16.6 percent in commerce, terprises is imbalanced nation• "Pumi people are now scattered catering and services and 14.1 wide. For instance, the rapid de• among other nationalities and percent in other trades. velopment of joint ventures, learning. another's language is a Some problems emerged in the wholly foreign-owned and co• means of surviving." process. operative enterprises in Guang• Yunnan has the largest num• 1. The speed of the transfor• dong's Zhujiang (Pearl) River ber of minorities among Chinese mation slowed down. In 1988, Delta has not only absorbed all provinces: 24 of China's 56 na• the number of farmers transfer• surplus local labour but has also tionalities live there. The third ring from agriculture to other resulted in the recruitment of national census in 1982 found work fell by 7 percentage points large numbers of labourers from that one third of Yunnan's popu• compared with 1987. The main other parts of the country. Since lation are minorities. reason was that rural non- 1988, nearly 1 million labourers There are some 400,000 fami• agricultural demand for labour• from elsewhere have been em• lies where husbands and wives ers decreased because of diffi• ployed in the delta. On the oth• belong to different nationalities. culties in obtaining funds, power er hand, in many mountainous Children of these families can and raw materials. In addition, areas, it is difficult to absorb sur• choose their nationality. Now the curtailment of capital con• plus labour because of the slow they tend to adopt the nationali• struction and the urban reduc• development of enterprises run ty of minority side of the mar• tion in capital projects and the by villages and townships. riage. labour force needed had slowed Dong Defu, a Han, is direc• down the movement. {June 5, 1989) tor of the Baima Snow Moun• 2. Some agricultural workers tain Reserve Administration in returned to their homes. In 1988, Yunnan Minorities Deqen Tibetan Autonomous Pre• the number of labourers trans• fecture. He married a Tibetan ferring from non-agricultural Mix Life Styles woman and give all his four trades to agriculture amounted children Tibetan nationality. In to 0.64 percent of the total, 0.1 ZHONGGUO RIBAO Deqen, the Hans account for percentage point more than in (China Daily) only 18 percent of the popula• 1987. There were three main rea• tion; Tibetans, the main group, sons for this. First, most labour• hildren of Pumi national• account for 33 percent; and the ers from rural areas, because of ity in Lijiang Prefecture, second largest group is the Lisu their low levels of education and CYunnan Province speak nationality which accounts for three languages: their own lan• technical skill, could not meet guage, the Naxi language, and 29 percent. the requirements of industry and Mandarin. Hu's wife is a Mosuo, a the service trades. Second, owing "Many Pumi children born in 16,000-member tribe of the Naxi

30 BEUINQ REYifcmtSEfMBMBER 11-17, 1989 FROMITHEICHINESEIPRESS nationality. They are known for form. in the western suburbs of Beijing their special family structure "The Naxi nationality has a was the hub of a rapidly develop• based on the matriarchal system. tradition of accepting the good ing and also the highest concen• Hu said, "Now, most Mosuo peo• features of other nationalities. It tration of these enterprises with ple have established stable hus• is not considered improper to 834 in all. band and wife relationships." speak other people's language, The non-governmental scien• Hu's home town is in Ninglang marry into another nationality, tific enterprises employed near• County where Mosuo people live or to wear another nationality's ly 300,000 workers, including and he has learned Mosuo cus• clothing," Guo said. She said this 100,000 scientists and technical toms from childhood. might be the reason Naxi people personnel. The scope of their "This is a very fine nationality achieve more in cultural and eco• operations includes electronics, with good mind and strong body. nomic development among mi• machine building, energy, in• They were proud of their trad• norities in the province. Yunnan struments and meters, chemicals, itional family structure where governor He Zhiqiang is a Naxil the metallurgical and light and senior women ruled the family. A traditional Naxi woman'§ food industries, agriculture and "Now, though, they recognize dress takes about six yards of horticulture, environmental pro• couple relationships, but it is still cloth to make and costs several tection, architecture, medicine a problem to try to get them to hundred yuan. Now young wom• and hygiene. Information ser• register their marriage," Hu said. en tend to wear cheaper and vices and consultancies with Mosuos regard the relationship more modern dresses. electronic firms are the most nu• between men and women as en• (August 23, 1989) merous. At the same time, man• tirely private and don't like the agerial expertise is growing rap• idea of having a couple's picture idly. taken before marriage as is re• Non-Government At present, three tendencies quested by China's marriage re• have emerged in the develop• gulations. They refuse pre• Scientific Units ment of these enterprises: Mov• marriage physical check-ups and Ready to Expand ing out from the coastal cities refrain from going to an office towards the remote provinces together to register, Hu said. As KEXUE RIBAO and regions and backward areas, a result, some local government (Science Daily) multi-purpose development such offices have waived some of the ccording to incomplete sta• as in Beijing's Zhongguancun formalities. Electronic Street, increasing the Lijiang Prefecture has 23 na• tistics, there were some tionalities. Most have their own A 11,000 non-governmental sale of their products abroad. At spoken language but only a few scientific enterprises registered present, close to 100 of these have written language. throughout China at the end of non-governmental scientific en- "If you study local languages, 1988. Some 17 percent of them te/prises are planning to set up you will find they borrow from were in Sichuan Province, while joint ventures with their counter• each other." said Guo Xiuwen, 10 percent were in Beijing, next parts abroad. Naxi nationality, head of Li- only to Sichuan. Haidian District (May 31. 1989) jiang's Nationality Affairs Com• mission. "About one-third of our Naxi language comprises Man• darin words, mainly names of goods made by modern indus• tries such as airplane, car, and political phrases such as econo• mic reform." Minorities in Yunnan are in• fluenced by Han in terms of dress. Except for old and middle- aged Tibetans, the nationality of men can no longer be identified by the clothes they wear. Most old and middle-aged women in rural areas wear colourful na• tional dresses but in a simplified BEIJING REVIEW, SEi»TKS«llER>l '1989 31 Chinese boxers who entered the 13th Asian Amateur Boxing Championship in Kuwait were all crushed in their first rounds because of their rigid boxing techniques and tactics. The 14th Asian Amateur Box• ing Championship marked a new track record. Besides taking titles Chinese boxers also drew public attention because of their overall boxing quality. In previous competitions, Chinese boxers appeared ex• hausted in the third round and only had the strength to foster a passive defense. This time their physical fitness has improved to the point where they could energetically fight through to the end. Fans not only saw the Chinese with better tac• tics, they also saw their fighters in better spirits and aggressive. hina has made rapid pro• satisfactory, sources from However, the shortcomings are gress in amateur boxing. Chinese boxing circles unani• still obvious. Chinese boxers are CCompared with other mously agreed that China less aggressive and still lack a countries, you have accom• achieved great progress at the diversity in their attacks. plished much more in a shorter Beijing competition. In hopes of gaining even better period," said Anwar Chowdhry, One coach said that China results China's boxers are busy chairman of the International started late and from a very low practicing while keying up to Amateur Boxing Association point. next year's Asian Games to be (lABA) at the end of his associa• Two years ago the three held in Beijing. • tion's 14th Asian Amateur Box• ing Championship in Beijing. At the event last July China Boxing Gets 'Computer Judges' managed to take a second place and four thirds. t a press conference in Bei• pression and this often led to in• The competition that saw jing last July, Internation• accuracy. about 100 boxers from 13 coun• A al Amateur Boxing Asso• Computers will change this, tries and regions pound it out. ciation President Anwar Chow• said the boxing president. They China's Dong Yiyan take a se• dhry made an announcement will allow judges to record points cond prize in the 91-kg class and that would change boxing for• by pressing buttons as the fight is his compatriots Yang Xiaoqiang, ever. in progress. Chen kun and Wang Yawei cap• In the future, he said, compu• If three or more of the five ture thirds respectively in the ter scoring would be used in judges press their buttons and 60-kg, 67-kg, 81-kg, and 91-kg amateur boxing since it scored the computer records the score, class. points that give more objective it will instantly show up on the There are two important fac• scores. screen. tors to be considered if China Chowdhry said that boxing The final scores will appear in• wants to make further progress competitions largely involved stantly on the screen, said Chow• in amateur boxing, added Chow• the subjective factor of judges, dhry who praised this innovation dhry. China needs high-quality and that often led to complaints " a revolutionary step in the his• foreign coaches and as much ex• of unfair judgements. tory of amateur boxing." perience as possible in interna• Traditionally judges give a Such computer judges were tional competitions. score just once at the end of a used this year in Bangkok's Although the results are not bout based on their general im- King's Cup and at the 14th Asian

32 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 11-17, 1989 CULTURE/SCIENCE

Boxing Championship, he said. ers. competitions will be cancelled The system will also be used at The president listed qualifying from the Olympic Games in the the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and competitions such as internation• forseeable future. Antonio Sa• other major world competitions. al tournaments and regional and maranch, Chairman of the Inter• The president pointed out that continental competitions as ways national Olympic Committee has the new system is the payoff to to reduce number of boxers en• twice made official statements years of research conducted by tered in the next Olympics. that as long as he is in power Denmark, Switzerland and the Chowdhry also said that there boxing will remain an event as Soviet Union and that it was the was little possibility that boxing usual. • Soviet system they went with af• ter a careful selection. Chowdhry also announced Chinese Artist Gets UNESCO Prize new findings that showed ama• teur boxing to be more safe than many believe. Three years ago, a medical examination centre for amateur boxing was set up in John Hopkings University that kept a medical record of 500 young boxers. The results showed that amateur boxing, un• der supervision, is safer than most of other sport events and does not endanger the boxer's health. Another breakthrough has been made in the materials used to produce head protectors and gloves, according to Chowdhry. These materials will reduce force of a punch by 70 percent, with 50 percent of the impact taken by Shi's Award-Winning "Cutting Scripture" shows the deep piety of the Tibetans. head protectors and 20 percent young Chinese artist, their religion while introducing by the gloves. Shi Guoliang, has been some fresh concepts in tech• We are still studying and ex• A awarded a UNESCO niques of expression. perimenting in the materials side National Commission prize at Graduated from the post• and two special research institu• the 23rd Monte-Carlo Interna• graduate class of the Central tions in the Federal Republic tional Competition for Contem• Academy of Fine Arts' Tradi• of Germany have offered their porary Art held last May and tional Chinese Painting Depart• help, he said. Such finds mean June. ment, Shi is fairly noted that in the future you will see throughout China who works as A traditional Chinese artist, very few boxers knocked down a professional painter at the Bei• or knocked out, said the presi• Shi was one of 1,600 artists from jing Studio of Art and Calligra• dent. 68 countries who entered a total phy. of 8,400 works, of which 220 Chowdhry also said that be• Most of his works are reflec• cause of the growing popularity were selected for the compe• tive of the local conditions and of boxing, there will be increas• tition. Of the 24 Chinese en• customs in Tibet and the coun• ing numbers of boxers and their tries, Shi's work entitled "Cut• tryside of north China. Lively numbers in competition should ting Scripture" was the only one and simple, his paintings possess be Umited or else there will be that was awarded the prize. a strong flavour of life. over 700 boxers taking part in Cutting Scripture's theme People in Gansu's Lanzhou, in the Barcelona Olympics. deals with an old Tibetan artis• Sichuan and Taiwan and other Limits placed on the number an's engraved scripture on a huge places have seen Shi's solo exhi• of boxers are hoped to both ease stone. Shi limited himself to the bitions come to town. His pub• the strain placed upon the medi• earthern colours of black, white, lished works include An Album of cal monitoring facilities and to red and brown to express the Ti• Sketches and Techniques on Fi• guarantee the safety of the box• betan people's piousness towards gure Wash Painting. •

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I BEIJING REVIEW is published in English, French, German, Japanese and Spanish I Please mail this form to your local agent, or direct to CHINA INTERNATIONAL BOOK TRADING CORPORATION (GUOJI SHUDL\N), P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China I For subscribing the North American edition, please mail it to Subscription Department, China Books & Periodicals Inc. 2929 24th Street, San Francisco, CA ,94110, USA.

34 ,BEI«NOREVIEW,»^EmEMBER 11-17, 1989 ART PACE

Construction Site.

Woodcuts by Lu Zhonghuan

Born in Beijing in 1945, Lu Zhon• ghuan arranges exhibitions for the Ministry of Water Resources. He has developed his talent for woodcuts and favours industrial construction sites and city scenes for his sub• jects. Tower Cranes at New Reservoir Site.

A Coal Mine. Name of Commodity &- Specifications A^easurement Ccm} Quantity per Weight Ckg) Art No. Shoe PoTish in Tin ctn. LxWxH Gross Net

6T83 Black, Brown, Dark Tan, Neutral Colour 83g/tin. i2doz. 62x42x20 15 12

0140 do l2doz. 34x23x29 11.5 10

GT25 do 25g/tin. 36doz. 38x38x24 14 10.8

The Golden-Rooster Shoe Polish has captured the crown for its quality, shines brightly and holds its colour well. It softens leather and comes in tins or tubes.

Tetex; 23142 TJUPCN Fax; 86-22-7CX)196