Estonia's Prime Minister Andrus Ansip Addressing More Than 100

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Estonia's Prime Minister Andrus Ansip Addressing More Than 100 2/2007 Newsflashes Straightforward on p. 38-39 recruiting p. 28 Taxes p. 10-12 legalities p.5-7 p. 17-30 Estonia’s Prime Minister Andrus Ansip addressing more than 100 international businessmen in Tallinn, April 20th Photo: acce Thinking outside the box MAQS is an independent full service law firm. We have the competence you need – within all disciplines of law – with a total of 220 employees in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia and Poland. Our aim is clear and simple. To be the best at finding the solutions that help strengthen our client’s busi­ ness. Even if it means challenging the conventions of how a law firm should act. Interested? Just think outside the box and contact us! Challenging the laws of convention COPENHAGEN GOTHENBURG MALMOE STOCKHOLM TALLINN WARSAW www.maqs.com MAQS_Estl_210x287.indd 1 07-02-12 09.24.23 Photo: Kadi Asmer FOR OUR Anders Hedman FOREIGN READERS Chairman SCCE Andrus Ansip The current Prime Minister of Estonia and chairman of the Estonian Reform Party Dear Reader, (Est: Reformierakond). Mart Laar Since last a lot of things Without their activities and statements towards both Estonian politician Swedish and Estonian Ambassadors, the western and historian. He was have happened in Estonia. We leaders might have joined both the statements of the Prime Minister of have a new Government and the Norwegian Foreign Minister and as well the Estonia 1992 - 1994 former German Chancellor Schröder. Mr. Schröder’s and 1999 - 2002. Aljosha has changed address. credibility today is however so low, that I think Former chairman of his comments belongs on the comic pages in the conservative Pro These two facts have taken up most of the talking newspapers. Patria Union (Est: and gossiping during the last months. A lot of Isamaaliit), which in 2006 merged people I have spoken to are very happy with the Hopefully, these events made the Estonian politicians with the more technocratic Res fact that the new government has taken office. The realize that the Integration of the Russian population Publica Party. biggest surprise here was of course the fact that has still a long way to go. As long as the Russian Estonia’s most known and in the rest of the world minority is not too motivated to learn Estonian Aljosha most admired politician, Mart Laar was not chosen language they will continue to read Russian books Also known as The for the position of Foreign Minister. Prime Minister and newspapers and watch Russian TV channels Bronze Soldier (Est: Ansip has also repeatedly have had to explain why from Moscow. The youngsters will continue to Pronkssõdur) and he did not offer that position to Mr. Laar. Mr. Ansip’s shout Rossija and USSR as a sign of protest. The originally a Soviet answer is that he wishes that the Foreign Minister Government must start a dialog with the Russian World War II war and he share the same values. Honestly, I cannot community in Estonia on an equal basis. A good memorial located see where Mr. Laar and Mr. Ansip start could be to publish an Estonian at Tõnismäe in would have different views on History book in Russian language central Tallinn. The foreign policy. instead of trying to get them to read one monument was in Estonian language because many unveiled in 1947 Personally I believe that it’s more Russians still seems to have books and has significant about the personal chemistry from the Soviet era. symbolic value to between the two gentlemen and many people in Estonia’s minority the fact that both Mr. Ansip and Maybe a joint history commission community of ethnic Russians the Estonian EU commissioner should be created to agree upon what symbolising not only Soviet victory Mr. Kallas see Mr. Laar as a very happened in the past. If this is done over Nazi Germany in the Great serious competitor for the next with mutual respect, I think we can Patriotic War, but also their claim commissioner election in 2009. reach a national consensus about the to rights in Estonia. Many Estonians history. World War II and the following however considers the Bronze I would personally not be Soviet era was a tragedy for both Soldier as a symbol of Soviet surprised if we in the next EU Russians and Estonians, so I think occupation and repression. The commission would find the people here should stop calling each statue and the remainings of soldiers two old friends, Mr. Laar from Estonia and Mr. other occupants or fascists and instead maybe buried at the site was moved to the Bildt from Sweden - two politicians with a strong borrow some good things from Finland. In Finland Cemetery of the Estonian Defence international reputation. Not a bad ‘radarpar’ as we there are Finns and Finnish-Swedes so you can differ Forces in Tallinn April 27 - 30, 2007 say in Swedish. them by saying Finns and Swedes but together they following mass protests and two are called Finländare in Swedish and that would be nights of the worst rioting Tallinn and Mr. Ansip’s problem with the non-appointment of Finlander in English. Estonia have seen. Mr. Laar was however a light breeze from the west compared with the storm, or should we rather say In Estonia we could then speak about Estonians, Sundüürnikud hurricane, the relocation of Aljosha from Tõnismäe Russians, Swedes etc, but together we could say Refers to people living in flats and to a Tallinn Military Graveyard. Like many other that we are Estlanders, when we want to include all estates nationalized by the Soviet ‘sundüürnikud’, Aljosha, or shall we today better people living in the Republic of Estonia. regime and following Estonia’s call him Kristjan after Kristjan Palusalu who stood regained independence returned to model for the sculptor, has found himself a new When it comes to business and the economy, it’s like the rightful owners. place of living, just like very many others in the city always; business as usual which you also can see these days. from the very symbolic photo on this page Kristjan Palusalu – Oleme Avatud, we are open! I think that Kristjan Palusalu (until 1935 I however think that Kristjan should have been demonstrates the strengths of the Market Kristjan Trossmann, 1908 - 1987) moved long time ago, because the timing was not Economy or shall we say like Adam Smith was an Estonian heavyweight very good. I think that Mr. Ansip actually was saved put it once: The invisible hand! wrestler and Olympic medallist. by the extreme reaction the move created, not in Aljosha - the Bronze Soldier Tallinn, but in Moscow. Mr. Ansip should actually Enjoy reading nr 2! monument, is supposed to have send some flowers and a letter of thankfulness to been modelled on Palusalu. both Vladimir Vladimirovitch Putin and as well to Anders Hedman Possibly because Palusalu the Youth Movement Nazhi in Moscow. Chairman was in disgrace with the Soviet SCCE authorities, the sculptor denied this and said he used ‘a young worker who lived nearby’. The Swedish Chamber of Publisher is published by the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in Estonia - SCCE. Commerce in Estonia Address: The Swedish Chamber of Commerce in Estonia The Swedish Chamber of Commerce in Estonia – SCCE - is a non-profit association registered Rüütli 9 EE-10130 Tallinn Estonia in Estonia. Since its foundation 1991 the SCCE E-mail: has grown considerably and today the Chamber [email protected] Tel: (+372) 501 9813 unite close to 130 member companies headquartered in Estonia and Sweden. Editorial content and articles SCCE accepts SCCE is in many ways a mirror of the intensity in Swedish- editorial content and Estonian commerce and trade. Sweden is by far the articles for the magazine promoting biggest foreign direct investor in Estonia and in terms of the commerce and trade between export and import Swedish-Estonian business is among Estonia and Sweden the top three. primarily. The author of editorial texts and articles published A main task of SCCE is to create an environment for is responsible for the content. networking and exchange of information. The Chamber SCCE welcomes contributions to the act as a meeting place by arranging seminars, business magazine and lunches, company visits, hosting business delegations as reserves the right to refuse publishing of well as arranging social events for the members. content not being in line with the Statutes of SCCE. Special and unique SCCE member benefits also include listing in the Advertising SCCE Trade Directory, the opportunity The advertising pricelist is available to further market introduction in the at www.swedishchamber.ee Member in HighLight section of the Chambers website as well as taking advantage of a steady Subscriptions and additional copies The magazine is distributed free of flow of Special Offers. charge to the members of the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in Estonia. The fee for basic membership in the Swedish Companies not yet being members of Chamber of Commerce in Estonia is EEK the SCCE as well as private individuals can subscribe to . SCCE also 5.900:- per year and EEK 20.000:- per year provides additional copies of for SCCE member’s own distribution for Partner- and Sponsor-membership. of the magazine to customers and Membership is only granted to legal entities. business contacts to a net printrun cost. For more information about SCCE, please Please contact Kristiina Sikk: [email protected] for visit www.swedishchamber.ee. You are further information. also welcome to take a direct contact with SCCE’s Ombudsman Kristiina Sikk: kristiina@ Printed in the EU by KNT Meediad OÜ, Tallinn, Estonia. swedishchamber.ee or tel.
Recommended publications
  • List of Prime Ministers of Estonia
    SNo Name Took office Left office Political party 1 Konstantin Päts 24-02 1918 26-11 1918 Rural League 2 Konstantin Päts 26-11 1918 08-05 1919 Rural League 3 Otto August Strandman 08-05 1919 18-11 1919 Estonian Labour Party 4 Jaan Tõnisson 18-11 1919 28-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 5 Ado Birk 28-07 1920 30-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 6 Jaan Tõnisson 30-07 1920 26-10 1920 Estonian People's Party 7 Ants Piip 26-10 1920 25-01 1921 Estonian Labour Party 8 Konstantin Päts 25-01 1921 21-11 1922 Farmers' Assemblies 9 Juhan Kukk 21-11 1922 02-08 1923 Estonian Labour Party 10 Konstantin Päts 02-08 1923 26-03 1924 Farmers' Assemblies 11 Friedrich Karl Akel 26-03 1924 16-12 1924 Christian People's Party 12 Jüri Jaakson 16-12 1924 15-12 1925 Estonian People's Party 13 Jaan Teemant 15-12 1925 23-07 1926 Farmers' Assemblies 14 Jaan Teemant 23-07 1926 04-03 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 15 Jaan Teemant 04-03 1927 09-12 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 16 Jaan Tõnisson 09-12 1927 04-121928 Estonian People's Party 17 August Rei 04-121928 09-07 1929 Estonian Socialist Workers' Party 18 Otto August Strandman 09-07 1929 12-02 1931 Estonian Labour Party 19 Konstantin Päts 12-02 1931 19-02 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 20 Jaan Teemant 19-02 1932 19-07 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 21 Karl August Einbund 19-07 1932 01-11 1932 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 22 Konstantin Päts 01-11 1932 18-05 1933 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 23 Jaan Tõnisson 18-05 1933 21-10 1933 National Centre Party 24 Konstantin Päts 21-10 1933 24-01 1934 Non-party 25 Konstantin Päts 24-01 1934
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges Facing Estonian Economy in the European Union
    Vahur Kraft: Challenges facing Estonian economy in the European Union Speech by Mr Vahur Kraft, Governor of the Bank of Estonia, at the Roundtable “Has social market economy a future?”, organised by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Tallinn, 19 August 2002. * * * A. Introduction, review of the early 1990s and comparison with the present day First of all, allow me to thank Konrad Adenauer Foundation for the organisation of this interesting roundtable and for the honourable invitation to speak about “Challenges of Estonian economy in the European Union”. Today’s event shows yet again how serious is the respected organisers’ interest towards the EU applicant countries. I personally appreciate highly your support to our reforms and convergence in the society and economy. From the outside it may seem that the transformation and convergence process in Estonia has been easy and smooth, but against this background there still exist numerous hidden problems. One should not forget that for two generations half of Europe was deprived of civil society, private ownership, market economy. This is truth and it has to be reckoned with. It is also clear that the reflections of the “shadows of the past” can still be observed. They are of different kind. If people want the state to ensure their well-being but are reluctant to take themselves any responsibility for their own future, it is the effect of the shadows of the past. If people are reluctant to pay taxes but demand social security and good roads, it is the shadow of the past. In brief, if people do not understand why elections are held and what is the state’s role, it is the shadow of the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and Sports
    2003 PILK PEEGLISSE • GLANCE AT THE MIRROR Kultuur ja sport Culture and Sports IMEPÄRANE EESTI MUUSIKA AMAZING ESTONIAN MUSIC Millist imepärast mõju avaldab soome-ugri What marvellous influence does the Finno-Ugric keelkond selle kõnelejate muusikaandele? language family have on the musical talent of Selles väikeses perekonnas on märkimisväär- their speakers? In this small family, Hungarians seid saavutusi juba ungarlastel ja soomlastel. and Finns have already made significant achieve- Ka mikroskoopilise Eesti muusikaline produk- ments. Also the microscopic Estonia stuns with its tiivsus on lausa harukordne. musical productivity. Erkki-Sven Tüür on vaid üks neist Tallinnast Erkki-Sven Tüür is only one of those voices coming tulevatest häältest, kellest kõige kuulsamaks from Tallinn, the most famous of whom is regarded võib pidada Arvo Pärti. Dirigent, kes Tüüri to be Arvo Pärt. The conductor of the Birmingham symphony orchestra who performed on Tüür's plaadil "Exodus" juhatab Birminghami süm- record "Exodus" is his compatriot Paavo Järvi, fooniaorkestrit, on nende kaasmaalane Paavo regarded as one of the most promising conductors. Järvi, keda peetakse üheks paljulubavamaks (Libération, 17.10) dirigendiks. (Libération, 17.10) "People often talk about us as being calm and cold. "Meist räägitakse tavaliselt, et oleme rahulik ja This is not so. There is just a different kind of fire külm rahvas. See ei vasta tõele. Meis põleb teist- burning in us," decleares Paavo Järvi, the new sugune tuli," ütles Bremeni Kammerfilharmoo- conductor of the Bremen Chamber Philharmonic. nia uus dirigent Paavo Järvi. Tõepoolest, Paavo Indeed, Paavo Järvi charmed the audience with Järvi võlus publikut ettevaatlike käeliigutuste, careful hand gestures, mimic sprinkled with winks silmapilgutusterohke miimika ja hiljem temaga and with a dry sense of humour, which became vesteldes avaldunud kuiva huumoriga.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia's Memory Politics in the Context of European Integration
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2011 Estonia's Memory Politics in the Context of European Integration Marina Suhhoterina West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Suhhoterina, Marina, "Estonia's Memory Politics in the Context of European Integration" (2011). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4799. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4799 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Estonia’s Memory Politics in the Context of European Integration Marina Suhhoterina Thesis submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Robert Blobaum, Ph.D., Chair Katherine Aaslestad, Ph.D. Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D. Department of History Morgantown, West Virginia 2011 Keywords: Estonia; European Integration; the Soviet Union; legacy of communism; Memory Politics Copyright 2011 Marina Suhhoterina ABSTRACT Estonia’s Memory Politics in the Context of European Integration Marina Suhhoterina This study examines the process of European integration of Estonia from the perspective of memory politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 16 NO 40 OCT 20 - 24, 2006
    Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V A A D E VOLUME 16 NO 40 OCT 20 - 24, 2006 THE STATE VISIT OF HER MAJESTY FOREIGN NEWS QUEEN ELIZABETH II AND HRH EU Leaders Discuss Energy, Innovation at PRINCE PHILIP, THE DUKE OF Informal Meeting in Finland EDINBURGH TO ESTONIA Oct 20 - An informal meeting of European Union leaders in the Finnish town of Lahti focused on questions of energy policy and innovation. EU leaders attached importance to presenting a united front on questions of reliability of energy supplies and competitiveness - issues they also brought up when meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin. Heads of state and government of the bloc's member states found that it is essential to ensure adequate investment in the Russian energy sector but that this requires acceptance of principles of market economy and transparency on Russia's part to secure a reliable investment environment. Both sides admitted that energy dependence is mutual. The head of the Estonian government, Andrus Ansip, said the EU must speak about energy questions in one voice. Meeting with the Russian president was in his Thousands of people gathered in the Town Hall words a first and vital step on this road. Square to greet Queen Elizabeth II According to Ansip, other member countries' support for the necessity of linking the Baltic States' power networks with the EU market was important to Estonia. "Our concerns are also our partners' concerns," he said. Closer ties with the networks of Nordic countries and Central European networks via Poland would increase Estonia's energy-related independence.
    [Show full text]
  • OFFICE ESTONIA Estonia and the European Debt and Economic Crisis
    OFFICE ESTONIA Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. ESTONIA THOMAS SCHNEIDER March 2013 Estonia and the European Debt www.kas.de/estland and Economic Crisis AN OVERVIEW With beginning of 2011 Estonia has adopted the Euro and completed its integration into the Eurozone. In fact, this marked the culmination of a drastic re- orientation regarding the Estonian economy: From a former Soviet Union (SU) planned economy to a Western market economy. The process has begun in the early 1990s with Mart Laar's government implementing a number of economic and political reforms in order to pave the way towards economic freedom and prosperity and democratic stability. In the beginning of its journey from the SU to the European Union (EU), Estonia faced Soviet Ruble inflation exceeding 1.000 percentages, soaring unemployment and political uncertainty. In 2011, the Baltic Tiger enjoyed a solid, well-balanced state budget and a debt of only 6.6 percentages of its gross domestic product (GDP). Recent data by the European Central Bank (ECB) indicates that Estonia is together with Luxemburg and Finland one of the few member states in the Euro-Zone that has sufficient financial resources in order to repay its debt. Estonia’s path towards the Eurozone When the SU collapsed in the early 1990s, the Estonian political and economic situation was dire: Inflation of the Soviet Ruble was soaring and exceeding 1.000 percentages, unemployment was on the rise, social inequalities and crime increased swiftly. Furthermore, the transitional government and later Mart Laar's cabinet faced a 30 percentages decline in annual manufacturing output and the complete collapse of the agricultural sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia OECD
    Sigma Public Management Profiles No. 12 Estonia OECD https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kmk183c199q-en SS IGMA Support for Improvement in Governance and Management in Central and Eastern European Countries PUBLIC MANAGEMENT PROFILES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: ESTONIA ESTONIA (AS OF OCTOBER 1999) Political Background Estonia regained its independence on 20 August 1991. Since then, there have been three elections to the parliament and two elections to the office of the president of the republic. During this period, nine changes of government have also taken place. The president of Estonia is Lennart Meri. He was elected to his second term in office in September 1996. The third elections to the Riigikogu – the parliament of Estonia – took place on 7 March 1999. Seven parties achieved representation in the Riigikogu, with seats allocated as listed in the table below: Party Seats Estonian Centre Party 28 Reform Party 18 Pro Patria Union 18 Mõõdukad Party 17 Estonian Country People’s Party 7 Estonian Coalition Party 7 Estonian United People’s Party 6 The coalition government was formed by the Reform Party, the Pro Patria Union and the Mõõdukad Party, and is headed by Prime Minister Mart Laar. The next ordinary elections of the Riigikogu are scheduled for March 2003. 1. The Constitutional Framework 1.1 Constitutional Bases Estonia is a constitutional democracy with a written constitution. The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia and its implementation Act were adopted by referendum on 28 June 1992 and entered into force the following day. Since its adoption, no amendments have been made to the constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Nation Branding, National Identity and the Eurovision Song Contest in Estonia Politics and Society in the Baltic Sea Region 2
    This book provides a unique and intriguing insight into current debates concerning the relationship between nation and state Jordan Paul as well as the political management of international image in today’s Europe through an examination of debates on nation branding and the Eurovision Song Contest. Europe is a con- tested construct and its boundaries are subject to redefinition. This work aims to advance critical thinking about contempo- rary nation branding and its relationship to, and influence on, Paul Jordan nation building. In particular it focusses on key identity debates The Modern Tale Fairy that the Eurovision Song Contest engendered in Estonia in the run-up to EU accession. The Eurovision Song Contest is an event which is often dismissed as musically and culturally The Modern Fairy Tale: inferior. However, this work demonstrates that it has the capac- ity to shed light on key identity debates and illuminate wider Nation Branding, National Identity socio-political issues. Using a series of in-depth interviews with and the Eurovision Song Contest political elites, media professionals and opinion leaders, this book is a valuable contribution to the growing field of research in Estonia on nation branding and the Eurovision Song Contest. Paul Jordan obtained his PhD from the University of Glasgow in 2011. His research interests include nation building and nation branding of post-communist states, national identity and nationalist politics. He is also a regular media commenta- tor on the Eurovision Song Contest. Politics and Society in the Baltic Sea Region Politics and Society ISBN 978-9949-32-558-0 2 in the Baltic Sea Region 9 789949 325580 > www.tyk.ee 2 Politics and Society in the Baltic Sea Region 2 Paul Jordan The Modern Fairy Tale: Nation Branding, National Identity and the Eurovision Song Contest in Estonia Politics and Society in the Baltic Sea Region 2 Politics and Society in the Baltic Sea Region is a series devoted to contemporary social and political issues in the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Download [Pdf]
    European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building Working Paper No. 32 The Long Transition to Good s Governance: the Case of Estonia Looking at the changes in the governance regime and anti- corruption policy Aare Kasemets (Paper presented at the XXII World Congress of International Political Science Association, Madrid, July 8-12 2012) ERCAS WorkingPaper July 2012 www.againstcorruption.eu Abstract: This paper deals with the post-communist positive outlier Estonia, which made according to international comparisons perhaps the most spectacular progress in the world, from a totalitarian regime to a quality democracy in less than twenty years. The country has seen improvement in all four dimensions of control of corruption described in the equilibrium model of Alina Mungiu-Pippidi (2011) since the restoration of its independence in 1991. The changes in the different dimensions happened almost simultaneously. During the first government of Mart Laar (1992-1995), policies that reduced material resources and strengthened legal constraints were implemented. Estonia pioneered important liberal reforms, for instance the adoption of a flat tax which then became very trendy in Eastern Europe and a very advanced e-government inspired from the neighbouring Finland. It also had the most radical policy towards Soviet time judiciary, replacing most of it and restarting practically all over with new magistrates. Normative constraints are also high, with a public opinion intolerant of particularism, an active civil society and a free press. The paper tries to explain why Estonian elites succeeded in promoting good governance and anti-corruption measures more than most other Central and Eastern European countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 18 NO 19 APR 30- MAY 6, 2008
    Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V A A D E VOLUME 18 NO 19 APR 30- MAY 6, 2008 LITHUANIAN PRESIDENT’S STATE VISIT FOREIGN NEWS 76% of Population Supports Giving Aid to Poorer Nations May 6 - The results of a public opinion survey study showed that Estonians’ interest towards developing co- operation has increased significantly. The population’s interest in global issues has grown from 57% to 67% since 2005. Out of regular residents, 81% had heard about Estonia’s development co-operation, while 99% of opinion leaders knew about this topic. It was also clear from the survey that the population’s support for providing aid to poorer President Toomas Hendrik Ilves with his Lithuanian colleague Valdas countries had grown from Adamkus in Tallinn 65% to 76% since the last study. The reason for President Ilves met with the Lithuanian Head of State providing aid that was Apr 30 - President Toomas Hendrik Ilves received Lithuanian President most often mentioned was Valdas Adamkus, who arrived on a state visit to Estonia. The discussions at to help those in need while the meeting focused primarily on cooperation between the Baltic countries opinion leaders also on issues related to energy security, the European Union Neighbourhood brought up moral Policy, and Baltic Sea strategy. obligation as a reason. Speaking of energy security, the Estonian Head of State stressed that electricity Foreign Minister Urmas import from third countries is one of the primary dangers for the European Union’s Paet believes that every domestic market and its energy security.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia “Has No Time”: Existential Politics at the End of Empire
    Estonia “has no time”: Existential Politics at the End of Empire Kaarel PIIRIMÄE Associate Professor in History University of Helsinki (FI) University of Tartu (EE) [email protected] Abstract This article is about the Estonian transition from the era of perestroika to the 1990s. It suggests that the Estonian national movement considered the existence of the nation to be threatened. Therefore, it used the window of opportunity presented by perestroika to take control of time and break free of the empire. This essay has the following theoretical premises. First, Estonia was not engaged in “normal politics” but in something that I will conceptualise, following the Copenhagen School, as “existential politics.” Second, the key feature of existential politics is time. I will draw on the distinction, made in the ancient Greek thought, between the gods Chronos and Kairos. By applying these concepts to Estonia, I suggest Kairos presented the opportunity to break the normal flow of time and the decay of Socialism (Chronos) in order to fight for the survival of the Estonian nation. The third starting point is Max Weber’s historical sociology, particularly his notion of “charisma,” developed in Stephen Hanson’s interpretation of the notions of time in Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism. Based on this, I will argue that Estonian elites thought they were living in extraordinary times that required the breaking of the normal flow of time, which was thought to be corroding the basis of the nation’s existence. Keywords: Notions of Time, Existential Politics, Perestroika, Estonia, Soviet Union, Social Transitions. Résumé Cet article porte sur la transition estonienne de la perestroïka aux années 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom and Its Discontents
    Part III Freedom and Its Discontents Estonia’s Path Out of the Cold War 329 Chapter 13 Estonia’s Path Out of the Cold War Mart Laar In 1940, following the Nazi-Soviet conspiracy of 1939, the Sovi- et Union occupied and annexed three independent countries on the shores of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In so doing the Kremlin took a bite it never could fully digest. The Western world did not recognize the annexation and continued this non-recognition policy until each Baltic country restored its statehood. Throughout this time, diplomatic representatives of the Baltic countries continued to work in Western capitals. The Soviet Union sought on several occa- sions to gain from the West de jure recognition of Baltic countries as part of the Soviet Union, but without success. As soon as 1940-41 massive resistance began in the Baltic countries themselves against Soviet rule with the aim to restore statehood. After mass deportations on June 14, 1941 partisan movements spontaneous- ly emerged that helped to push the Soviets out of the country. When the German occupation started, the resistance movement again went underground. By the time the Red Army reached Estonian borders in 1944, Estonians joined the German army, helping to stop the Soviets for eight months. Then in autumn 1944 Hitler decided to abandon Estonia and the Red Army took the country over again. During the German retreat Estonians attempted to restore the inde- pendent Republic and form a new government, but they were crushed by Soviet tanks. Nevertheless, for many people the war was not over.
    [Show full text]