Cultivation and Use of Moringa As a Nutritional and Medicinal
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Sorghum Edited.Cdr
Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Africa (APPSA) Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Sorghum Production Guide Africa (APPSA) Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Africa (APPSA) Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Africa (APPSA) Table of Contents Foreword ii Acknowledgements iii 1. Introduction 1 2. Climatic and Soil Requirements 1 3. Recommended Varieties 1 4. Recommendation Management Practices 3 5. Crop Protection 4 6. Harvesting 8 7.. Post-Harvest Handling and Processing 8 i Table of Contents Foreword ii Acknowledgements iii 1. Introduction 1 2. Climatic and Soil Requirements 1 3. Recommended Varieties 1 4. Recommendation Management Practices 3 5. Crop Protection 4 6. Harvesting 8 7.. Post-Harvest Handling and Processing 8 i Foreword Acknowledgements Zambia has the potential to produce sufficient food The Editorial Committee wishes to express its gratitude to the for its citizens and for export. Sorghum Research Team of Zambia Agriculture Research Institute for providing the technical information and invaluable advice. In order to ensure that good agricultural practices are employed by farmers, crop specific production The Zambia Agriculture Research Institute wishes to recognize the information should be made available to them. support provided by World Bank through the Agricultural Productivity Programme for Southern Africa- Zambia Project (APPSA-Zambia) Due to technological advances and the changing environmental and for financing the publication of this production guide. socio-economic conditions it became necessary to revise the first edition of the Sorghum Production Guide, which was published in 2002. This revised edition is meant to provide farmers and other stakeholders crop specific information in order to promote good agricultural practices and enhance productivity and production. -
Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) Bio-Ecology in Western Cape Vineyards
Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) bio-ecology in Western Cape vineyards by Marcé Doubell Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Sciences at Stellenbosch University Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences Supervisor: Dr P. Addison Co-supervisors: Dr C. S. Bazelet and Prof J. S. Terblanche December 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Summary Many orthopterans are associated with large scale destruction of crops, rangeland and pastures. Plangia graminea (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is considered a minor sporadic pest in vineyards of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, and was the focus of this study. In the past few seasons (since 2012) P. graminea appeared to have caused a substantial amount of damage leading to great concern among the wine farmers of the Western Cape Province. Very little was known about the biology and ecology of this species, and no monitoring method was available for this pest. The overall aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the biology and ecology of P. graminea in vineyards of the Western Cape to contribute knowledge towards the formulation of a sustainable integrated pest management program, as well as to establish an appropriate monitoring system. -
Crop Protection Programme
CROP PROTECTION PROGRAMME Forecasting movements and breeding of the Red-billed Quelea bird in southern Africa and improved control strategies R7967 (ZA0467) FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT 1 January 2001 – 31 March 2003 Robert A. Cheke Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich July 2003 This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID (R7967 Crop Protection Programme). CONTENTS Executive Summary 2 Background 2 Project Purpose 3 Research Activities 4 Activities for Output 1: A desk-based assessment of the environmental impacts of quelea control operations 4 Activities for Output 2: A preliminary analysis of the potential for developing a statistical medium term quelea seasonal forecasting model based on sea surface temperature (SST) data and atmospheric indicators 4 Activities for Output 3: Increased knowledge of the key relationships between environmental factors and quelea migrations and breeding activities 5 Activities for Output 4: An initial computer-based model for forecasting the timing and geographical distribution of quelea breeding activity in southern Africa developed in relation to control strategies of stakeholders 5 Outputs Report on Output 1 6 Report on Output 2 24 Report on Output 3 37 Report on Output 4 40 Conclusions and Impact 53 Outputs: supplementary comments 53 Contribution of Outputs to Developmental Impact 53 Dissemination Outputs 54 Acknowledgements 56 Biometrician’s letter 57 2 Executive Summary The project sought to improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in semi-arid areas of southern Africa, where their cereal crops are threatened by the Red-billed Quelea bird, and thus contribute to reductions in poverty. -
Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Change: Insights from Muzarabani, Zimbabwe
Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Change: Insights from Muzarabani, Zimbabwe by Nelson Chanza Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Geography Faculty of Science, Promoter: Dr Anton H. de Wit December, 2014 Dedication To my mother, Thokozile (Thokozayi). It was on one of the days in 2006 when we were busy weeding a dry maize field in the village. We had gone for three solid weeks without a single drop of rainfall, a situation that you described as peculiar. By that time, I did not figure it that you were referring to observable changes in the local climate system. Vividly, I can remember that on the same evening, you accurately predicted that the eastern-Mozambican current we experienced signalled the coming of rainfall in the next few hours. Amazingly, we received heavy downpours on the same night. My worry is that this knowledge will be lost as your generation vanishes. In recognition of your invaluable knowledge, I dedicate this thesis to you. ii Acknowledgements My two solid years of family detachment have proven beyond doubt that my prudent wife, Nyasha is a gift from God. She defied all the odds to make sure that our kids Tabitha, Angel and Prophecy received adequate parental care. In particular, she braved the demanding questions that our son incessantly pressed concerning his father’s whereabouts – Dadie varipi mama? Vanouya rini? Vanodii kuuya kumba? Her diligent support made this output possible. An expression of gratitude goes to Dr Anton de Wit for his thoughtful comments and guidance towards the successful production of this thesis. -
Biomass Power Project Invertebrates Scoping Level
Biomass Power Project Invertebrates Scoping level John Irish 21 June 2017 Biodata Consultancy cc P.O. Box 30061, Windhoek, Namibia [email protected] 2 Table of Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................3 2 Approach to study..............................................................................................................3 2.1 Terms of reference..........................................................................................................3 2.2 Methodology...................................................................................................................3 2.2.1 Literature survey..........................................................................................................3 2.2.2 Site visits......................................................................................................................5 3 Limitations and Assumptions.............................................................................................5 4 Legislative context..............................................................................................................6 4.1 Applicable laws and policies...........................................................................................6 5 Results...............................................................................................................................7 5.1 Raw diversity...................................................................................................................7 -
Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas of South Africa
IMPORTANT BIRD AND BIODIVERSITY AREAS of South Africa INTRODUCTION 101 Recommended citation: Marnewick MD, Retief EF, Theron NT, Wright DR, Anderson TA. 2015. Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas of South Africa. Johannesburg: BirdLife South Africa. First published 1998 Second edition 2015 BirdLife South Africa’s Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas Programme acknowledges the huge contribution that the first IBA directory (1998) made to this revision of the South African IBA network. The editor and co-author Keith Barnes and the co-authors of the various chapters – David Johnson, Rick Nuttall, Warwick Tarboton, Barry Taylor, Brian Colahan and Mark Anderson – are acknowledged for their work in laying the foundation for this revision. The Animal Demography Unit is also acknowledged for championing the publication of the monumental first edition. Copyright: © 2015 BirdLife South Africa The intellectual property rights of this publication belong to BirdLife South Africa. All rights reserved. BirdLife South Africa is a registered non-profit, non-governmental organisation (NGO) that works to conserve wild birds, their habitats and wider biodiversity in South Africa, through research, monitoring, lobbying, conservation and awareness-raising actions. It was formed in 1996 when the IMPORTANT South African Ornithological Society became a country partner of BirdLife International. BirdLife South Africa is the national Partner of BirdLife BIRD AND International, a global Partnership of nature conservation organisations working in more than 100 countries worldwide. BirdLife South Africa, Private Bag X5000, Parklands, 2121, South Africa BIODIVERSITY Website: www.birdlife.org.za • E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +27 11 789 1122 • Fax: +27 11 789 5188 AREAS Publisher: BirdLife South Africa Texts: Daniel Marnewick, Ernst Retief, Nicholas Theron, Dale Wright and Tania Anderson of South Africa Mapping: Ernst Retief and Bryony van Wyk Copy editing: Leni Martin Design: Bryony van Wyk Print management: Loveprint (Pty) Ltd Mitsui & Co. -
The Trait As You Like It
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/751826; this version posted October 18, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Morphometry and feeding behaviour in two orthopteran species in the Kalahari (Namibia): The trait as you like it Erminia Conti,a,* Giovanni Costa,a and Christian Mulder,a a Animal Biology Unit, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy *Corresponding author (Email: [email protected]) EC, 0000-0002-8931-6284; CM, 0000-0001-5735-6989 High entomological trait variability is supposed to reflect a combination of intra- and inter-phenotype signals. These functional signals are mirroring different behaviours and feeding habits. Our main aim was to assess if the trait distribution of body measurements of two closely related Orthoptera species is further more significantly influenced by sex (intraspecific variance) or by species (interspecific variance). To achieve this, we collected in Namibia (Africa) tettigoniids belonging to the sympatric species Acanthoplus discoidalis and Acanthoplus longipes. We measured in the field the total body length, the maximal pronotal width and length, and the third pair of legs (femur and tibia) of 106 adults. We derived the body mass and volume from empirical length and width values of the sampled specimens and compared them with literature data on African tettigoniids. The discriminant analysis shows that at species level the locomotory traits as captured by tibia and femur lengths and the size traits as captured by body and pronotal lengths clearly separate the two species. -
Biology and Control of Armoured Bush Crickets in Southern Africa FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT
CROP PROTECTION PROGRAMME Biology and Control of Armoured Bush Crickets in Southern Africa NRInternational Contract No. ZA0309 NRRD Project No. R7428 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT 1 October 1999 - 30 September 2002 S V Green Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK Executive Summary Armoured bush crickets (ABC) are destructive, sporadic pests of smallholder cereal crops in semi-arid areas of southern Africa. This project sought to develop and promote a sustainable IPM strategy against ABC, working in collaboration with smallholder farmers and the Botswana MoA. The two principal areas of research were: 1) Population dynamics of ABC, aiming to develop an ABC outbreak forecasting system; 2) Development and testing of a range of environmentally benign ABC control measures appropriate for resource-poor farmers. Ecological research filled in important gaps in our understanding of ABC population biology. ABC eggs were found very vulnerable to waterlogging, and soil moisture was needed only in the final stages of embryo development. High summer incubation temperatures are critical for egg development and hatching. Field studies revealed annual egg mortality of >50%, due primarily to predation by ants. Egg parasitism was rare. Ant predation was higher in fields than in Acacia scrub, the preferred habitat for oviposition. Females are selective in their choice of oviposition site, preferring to lay under shady bushes. These ecological insights contributed to the development of a population model. A key element in this model is that adult fecundity and subsequent egg survival are never both high in the same season, since late rains extend vegetation growth but increase egg mortality. -
Biodiversity Assessment Report and Biodiversity Management Plan
Irrigation Development Support Project (IDSP) Ministry of Agriculture Government of the Republic of Zambia Biodiversity Assessment and Management Plan Irrigation Development Support Project (IDSP) Remedial Works Ngolongozya Dam 1st DRAFT 9 August, 2021 Prepared by UNOPS for the Government of the Republic of Zambia NAMES OF AUTHORS This Biodiversity Assessment and Management Plan was prepared by Mwelwa Musosha (Terrestrial Ecologist) and Bright Nyimbili (Aquatic Ecologist), with Pilila Chongo (Environmental Expert). i | P a g e Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 6 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Brief Background ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Objectives of the BDA ................................................................................................................ 12 1.2.1 Overall Objective ........................................................................................................................ 12 1.2.2 Specific Objectives for Terrestrial Assessment ......................................................................... -
Eco-Ethology and Trait Distribution of Two Congeneric Species – Different Strategies for the Plague Pest Acanthoplus Discoidalis and the Long-Legged A
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/751826; this version posted August 19, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Eco-ethology and trait distribution of two congeneric species – different strategies for the plague pest Acanthoplus discoidalis and the long-legged A. longipes (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) 1,* 1 1 Erminia Conti , Giovanni Costa , Christian Mulder 1 Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy * Address for correspondence (Phone +390957306019; E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-6284) Submitted to African Entomology May 15, 2020; Accepted by African Entomology August 17, 2020 Abstract High trait variability among insects reflects a combination of intra- and inter-phenotype variations. Our aim was to assess if the trait distribution of body measurements can be more significantly influenced by sex (intraspecific variance) or by species (interspecific variance). To achieve this, we collected in Namibia tettigoniids belonging to two congeneric species of armoured ground crickets: Acanthoplus discoidalis (a significant pest in African croplands) and the long-legged Acanthoplus longipes. We measured in the field the total body length, the maximal pronotal width and length, and the femur and tibia lengths of the hind legs in 106 adults. We also derived the body mass from length and width values of the sampled specimens. No significant differences emerged in the two species by sex. -
Revision of World Species of the Genus Nixonia Masner (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Scelionidae)
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3518, 32 pp., 74 figures July 31, 2006 Revision of World Species of the Genus Nixonia Masner (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Scelionidae) NORMAN F. JOHNSON1 AND LUBOMI´R MASNER2 ABSTRACT The world fauna of the genus Nixonia is revised. The genus is described, its relationships with other scelionids are discussed, and a key to world species is presented. Nixonia pretiosa Masner (Namibia) and N. atra Masner (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Zimbabwe) are redescribed, and 12 new species are described: N. bini, new species (Somalia), N. corrugata, new species (South Africa), N. elongata, new species (South Africa), N. flavocincta, new species (Namibia), N. gigas, new species (South Africa), N. krombeini, new species (India, Laos, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam), N. lamorali, new species (South Africa), N. pecki, new species (Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe), N. priesneri, new species (Egypt), N. sicaria, new species (Namibia), N. stygica, new species (South Africa), and N. watshami, new species (Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe). The only host record for the genus is for N. watshami, which been reared from the eggs of Acanthoplus discoidalis (Walker) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae) in Botswana and Namibia. The phylogenetic relationships among the species are discussed. INTRODUCTION scribed on the basis of unique specimens. Subsequently, Masner (1976) indicated that he The genus Nixonia Masner generally has had studied additional African specimens been considered to represent the most plesio- from Egypt, Zaire, and South Africa, as well morphic living genus of the family Scelionidae as Oriental specimens from India, Laos, and (Masner, 1958; Kozlov, 1970; Masner, 1976; Vietnam (fig. -
Five Weaks in Southern Africa in July/August 2018
Five weaks in southern Africa in July/August 2018, a nature-focussed, mainly organized family-trip Thomas Kuppel & Cristina Ruestes Mesalles [email protected] Since our son Valentin had been born in 2007, the two of us had created the idea to repeat our honeymoon of 2004 together with him, as soon as he would be old enough for doing that. As he became eleven this year, we considered that point had been reached. Like we did 14 years ago we booked a round-trip called Great Trek Adventure at the travel agency Kiboko, which should lead us from Cape Town/South Africa through Namibia, the north of Botswana and finally to Victoria Falls/Zimbabwe. As we wanted to stay some time in the south of Cape Town before that trip, we hired an accomodation in Simon's Town (The Flying Penguin, 46 Freesia Road, Simon's Town 7975) and a car from july 4th to 14th. Besides that we booked three places on a Pelagic trip for july, 7th to watch seabirds on the high seas. All used birdnames are from Sinclair, I.; P. Hockey, W. Tarboton & P. Ryan: Birds of Southern Africa, 4th edition, 2011, the mammals from Stuart C. & T. Stuart: Field Guide Mammals of Southern Africa, 1996 and the reptiles from Branch, B.: Field Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of Southern Africa, 3rd edition, 1998. These three books accompanied us to Africa and were very helpful in animal identification. As I (Thomas) am a keen birdwatcher and it was my fifth time in the south of Africa, I had some knowledge about the animals before.