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Urbi Et Orbi, Nós E Os Outros: Romanidade(S), Fronteira Étnica E a História Como Escrita Dos Dilemas Pátrios / Manuel Rolph De Viveiros Cabeceiras

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Urbi Et Orbi, Nós E Os Outros: Romanidade(S), Fronteira Étnica E a História Como Escrita Dos Dilemas Pátrios / Manuel Rolph De Viveiros Cabeceiras MANUEL ROLPH DE VIVEIROS CABECEIRAS URBI ET ORBI, NÓS E OS OUTROS: ROMANIDADE(S), FRONTEIRA ÉTNICA E A HISTÓRIA COMO ESCRITA DOS DILEMAS PÁTRIOS Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História Antiga e Medieval. Orientador: Prof. Dr. CIRO FLAMARION SANTANA CARDOSO Niterói 2013 Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central do Gragoatá C114 Cabeceiras, Manuel Rolph de Viveiros. Urbi et Orbi, nós e os outros: romanidade(s), fronteira étnica e a História como escrita dos dilemas pátrios / Manuel Rolph de Viveiros Cabeceiras. – 2013. 259 f., Anexos Orientador: Ciro Flamarion Santana Cardoso. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia. Departamento de História, 2013. Bibliografia: f. 247-259. 1. História de Roma (Itália). 2. Historiografia. 3. Império romano. 4. Etnia. 5. Cultura. 6. Semiótica. I. Cardoso, Ciro Flamarion Santana. II. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia. III. Título. CDD 937.06 MANUEL ROLPH DE VIVEIROS CABECEIRAS URBI ET ORBI, NÓS E OS OUTROS: ROMANIDADE(S), FRONTEIRA ÉTNICA E A HISTÓRIA COMO ESCRITA DOS DILEMAS PÁTRIOS (Orientador: Prof. Dr. CIRO FLAMARION SANTANA CARDOSO) Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História Antiga e Medieval. Aprovada em _____/_____/___________ BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. ANA MARIA MAUAD SOUSA ANDRADE ESSUS Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Presidente ________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. LIVIA LINDÓIA PAES BARRETO Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Arguidor _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. NORMA MUSCO MENDES Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) - Arguidor ________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. REGINA MARIA DA CUNHA BUSTAMANTE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) - Arguidor _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. MARCOS JOSÉ DE ARAÚJO CALDAS Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) - Arguidor _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª. VÂNIA LEITE FRÓES Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Suplente ________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. PAULO ANDRÉ LEIRA PARENTE Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) - Suplente Niterói 2013 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Ciro Flamarion Santana Cardoso, exemplo de pessoa humana e de profissional, generoso, sério, dedicado e competente, a inspirar-me desde a minha graduação quando pela primeira vez entrei em contato com a sua obra e, depois, no convívio aqui na Universidade Federal Fluminense como colega, amigo e orientador, sempre um mestre, por suas lições sempre precisas e orientações preciosas; Aos membros da Banca, titulares e suplentes, por tão gentilmente acederem ao convite e se disporem a examinar esta tese, auxiliando-me na sempre necessária crítica ao crescimento do trabalho em tela e a mim mesmo, como pesquisador, profissional e pessoa, Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História (PPGH) da UFF por proporcionar um espaço extraordinariamente frutífero para a pesquisa e a reflexão teórico-metodológica, A todos os meus professores por quem passei, representados na excepcional Profª. Drª. Neyde Theml, pela contribuição única na minha formação, aos quais devo o que tenho de melhor como docente e pesquisador, Ao Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Antiguidade (CEIA-UFF), em particular o Grupo de Estudos de História Militar (GEHM), constituído em seu seio, representando todos os alunos e colegas com os quais travei contato nesses meus anos de docência, proporcionando sempre uma profícua troca de ideias e constante experiência de aprendizado, À minha família, em especial os meus pais, pela orientação maior na vida e aos desafios a mim colocados como fonte de crescimento, Aos meus filhos, Pedro Aquino, Melânia Maria e Maria Juliana, pelo carinho e pelo tempo que foi deles tomado, aos quais dedico esta tese, Ao Deus Uno e Trino e sua Santíssima Mãe, pelo que de bom e verdadeiro me foi doado e espero estar fazendo jus. A.M.D.G. C.S.S.M.L. RESUMO Investigação sobre a ideia de romanidade no contexto da expansão imperial romana (séculos I a.C. – II d.C.) compreendida no sentido de identidade étnica, na perspectiva da antropologia de Fredrik Barth, como construída na historiografia latina a partir dos textos de Salústio e Tácito e dos ensaios de Cícero neste terreno e temática. As respostas aos dilemas identitários decorrentes da inserção hegemônica de Roma em um Mediterrâneo mundializado (globalização?) e da anexação de terras no setentrião europeu se estribaram no modo dinâmico e flexível como se percebiam enquanto povo e na visão pragmática e aberta em relação ao instituto da cidadania. Tais práticas, porém, nunca foram pacíficas, esbarrando sempre em grupos sociais resistentes que lutaram por manter restritos a eles os benefícios de sua condição e status. A análise, assim desenvolvida, conduz a uma revisitação e reinterpretação da romanidade, e mesmo da noção de mos maiorum, concluindo-a como plural e conflituosa, inclusive entre as elites centrais, distante de qualquer canonicidade. A própria História como gênero, ou “constelação de gêneros” (tomando como base os estudos de Eugen Cizek), insere-se nesses dilemas político- culturais. O quadro maior interpretativo da investigação é dado pela passagem das estruturas cívicas (ou políades) de Roma para a cosmópolis. Na análise das passagens destacadas do corpus foi aplicada a metodologia do quadrado semiótico de Greimas e Courtès. Palavras-chave: 1. História de Roma (Itália). 2. Historiografia. 3. Império romano. 4. Etnia. 5. Cultura. 6. Semiótica. ABSTRACT Research on the idea of Romanism in the context of Roman imperial expansion (I BC - II AD), understood in the sense of ethnic identity, from the perspective of anthropology of Fredrik Barth, as built in Latin historiography from the texts of Sallust and Tacitus and tests of Cicero in this area and thematic. The answers to the dilemmas of identity caused by inserting hegemonic Rome in a globalized Mediterranean (world-system?) and the annexation of land in norther European grounded, on one hand, in a flexible and dynamic to see themselves as a people and, second, in the pragmatic and open manner practiced in relation to citizenship. Such practices, however, have never been peaceful, always colliding into tough social groups who fought to keep them restricted to the benefits of their condition and status. The analysis thus developed, leading to a revisitation and reinterpretation of Romanism, and even the notion mos maiorum, concluding it as plural and conflictive, even among central elites, far from any canonicity. History itself as a genre, or "constellation of genres" (based on studies of Eugen Cizek) fits into these political-cultural dilemmas. The larger picture interpretative research is given by the passage of civic structures (or poliades) from Rome to the cosmopolis. In the analysis of the corpus passages detached the methodology was applied the semiotic square developed by Algirdas J. Greimas. Keywords: 1. Roman History (Italy). 2. Historiography. 3. Roman Empire. 4. Ethny. 5. Culture. 6. Semiotics. RÉSUMÉ Recherche sur l'idée de la romanité dans le contexte de l'expansion impériale romaine (siècle I avant JC - II AD) compris dans le sens de l'identité ethnique en la perspective de l'anthropologie de Fredrik Barth, telle que construite dans l'historiographie latine des textes de Salluste et Tacite et les essais de Cicéron dans ce domaine et thématique. Les réponses aux dilemmes de l'identité provoquées par l'insertion hégémonique Rome en Méditerranée globalisé (mondialisation?) et l'annexion de terres dans Norther l'Europe étaient fondées sur une dynamique et flexible et l'annexion de terres dans Norther l'Europe étaient fondées sur une manière dynamique et flexible comme eux-mêmes perçus comme un peuple et pragmatique et ouverte en ce qui concerne les questions de citoyenneté. Ces pratiques, cependant, n'ont jamais été pacifique, cognant toujours avec les groupes sociaux contraires qui se sont battus pour les garder restreint aux avantages de leur condition et de statut. L'analyse a ainsi développé, conduisant à une revisitation et une réinterprétation de la romanité et même la notion que mos maiorum, concluant comme pluriel et conflictuel, même parmi les élites centrales, loin de toute canonicité. Histoire elle-même comme un genre, ou «constellation des genres» (s'appuyant sur les études d’Eugen Cizek) s'inscrit dans ces dilemmes politico-culturels. Le cadre interprétatif plus large de la recherche est donné par le passage de structures civiques (ou poliades) de Rome à Cosmopolis. Dans l'analyse des passages du corpus mis en évidence la méthodologie a été appliquée carré sémiotique, proposé pour Algirdas J.Greimas. Mots-clés: 1. Histoire de Rome (Italie). 2. Historiographie. 3. Empire romaine. 4. Ethnie. 5. Culture. 6. Sémiotique . SUMÁRIO DA TESE Introdução 01 1. “Romanização” e romanidades: aproximações conceituais 24 1.1. ESTUDOS SOBRE ROMANIZAÇÃO 24 1.2. DE URBS A ORBS, O IMPÉRIO E A ROMANIDADE: DILEMAS E MUTAÇÕES DA CIVITAS ROMANA 46 1.3.
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