AlicsivEs AND MARINE SERVICE

Translation Series No. 3465

Lipid contents of plasma and liver of cultured salmonoid fish

by Nobukazu Shibata, Toyosuke Kinumaki, and Hiroshi Ichimura

Original title: Yoshoku Masurui ni okeru kessho oyobi kanzo no shisitzu ganryo ni tsuite

From: Tokaiku Suisan Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku (78): 17-21, 1974

Translated by the Translation Bureau(AT) Multilingual Services Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada

Department of the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service Halifax Laboratory Halifax N.S.

1975

10 pages typescript DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE ete, SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS ix

MULTILINGUAL SERVICES meel> DIVISION DES SERVICES CANADA DIVISION MULTILINGUES

TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - EN Japanese English

AUTHOR - AUTEUR Nobukazu Shibata, Toyosuke Kinumaki and Hiroshi Ichimura

TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS Lipid contents of plasma and liver of cultured salmonoid fish

TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS)

Yôshoku Masurui ni okeru kessto oyobi kanzd no shisitzu gan1Y0 ni tsuite

REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS. RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS. Tokai Suisan Kenkyu Hokoku

REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS

Bull. Tokai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL PUBLISHER- ÉDITEUR DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL 17-21 YEAR ISSUE NO. VOLUME NUMÉRO PAGES PLACE OF PUBLICATION ANNÉE NUMBER OF TYPED LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAGES DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES Japan 78 1 0

REQUESTING DEPARTMENT TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. Environment 753356 MINISTRE-CLIENT NOTRE DOSSIER N°

BRANCH OR DIVISION Fisheries Service TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) AT DIRECTION OU DIVISION TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES)

PERSON REQUESTING T. Reid DEMANDÉ PAR Allan JUN 1 7 1975

YOUR NUMBER VOTRE DOSSIER N 0 UNEDITED TRANSLATION DATE OF REQUEST DATE DE LA DEMANDE May 15, 1973 For information only TRADUCTION NON REVISEE information seulement

SO5-20040.6 (REV. 2/68) 7030.21.029-5333

• 'DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS

MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DiVISION CANADA MULTILINGUES

CLIENTS NO. DEPARTMENT DI VISI ON/BRANCH CITY NO DU CLIENT MINISTÉRE • . DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE Environment Fisheries Service Ottawa.

BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) NO DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR ( INI TI ALES) 753356 Japanese AT JUN 1 7 1975 Bull. Tokal Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., No. 78. June, 1974

Lipid .Contents of Plasma and Liver of Cultured Salmonoid Fish

Nobukazu SHIBATA, Toyosuke KiNummu, and Hiroshi ICHIMURA

Abetract: This work on the lipid contents of plasma and liver of cultured salmonoids, especially during spawning season, was carried out to get an informatiGn on the physiological and nutritional conditions of fish. Three different species of salmonoids were used in the present experiments, and were sampled to 'determine the lipid contents on September 22 and December 1. They were ( gairdneri iricleus), cherry ( masou masou) and hime salmon (Oncorhynchus me*: henerlyi) u.à which were raised at Nikko Branch Station, Fresh Water Fisheries Research Laboratory. 2 tn The results obtained were summarised as follows: • C 1^..• -2 1) In Oncorhynchus 5sh, a certain difference in the plasma triglyceride content and December fish, but not in rainbow trout. • 0 was recognized between September fish Z oC Z0 .0 2) In all species used in this experiment, September fish were higher in the hepatic z triglyceride and cholesterol contents and the plasma cholesterol content than December fish. E ;Ls 3) It seemed that matured Oncorhynchus fish was lower in the hepatic triglyceride '6 'o4' e content than that in the immatured at the spal.vning period. ILI • 4) The corelation between the triglyceride contents of liver and that of plasma o was observed only on Oncorhynchus fish. 5) Seasonal fluctuation of the plasma free fatty acid content was observed on dr rainbow trout and cherry salmon.

The success of fish culture lies in the understanding of the nutritional requirement and physiological conditions of fish. The present knowledge concerning the nutritional requirement and physiological condition is insufficient'. This necessitates further investigation. In our previous report (1), lipid content

Apr. 15, 1974 received, results of Tokal Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. A no. 542.

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of pla.sma tc;a.s determined. Ses.sonal fluctuation of various lipid

compositions and theirvasiation due to changes. in physiolopAcal

con0ition were disr-.ussed. The rel.a.ts onship between the plasma

triglyceride content and the maturity of fish was reported. This

.paper investigates the relationship between maturity and tri-

glyceride contents of plas^-^a and liver using rainbow trout (Salmon

gairdneri irideus), cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou rasou)

and hime salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka kenerlyi) as experimental

fishes especially before and after spawning period. A com-

parative study on different species of fish is also carr=.ed out.

Furthermore, the cholesterol content and free fatty acid content

of plasma as well as cholesterol content of liver are investi-

gated.

Exnerivental Nethod

Ex erimental material: The experimental flshes, i.e. rainbow

trout, cherry salmon and hime salmon, were provided by Nikko

Branch Station, Fres+.i Water Fisheries Research Laboratory on

Septe.mber 22 and December 1, 1972. The average body length and

body weight of 2 to 3-year-old fish are as follows: rainbow trout,

35.2 cm, 788 g; cherry salmon, 23.6 cm, 232 g; hime salmon, 27.3

cm, 360 g. Commercial pelletsfor rainbow trout smolt (Oriental.

yeast, manufacture^? by K.K., No. 3) together ,tr i t h S% f i s h

c u 1 t u re . f e e d i ng o i were prepared to be used as feed. Everyda.y,

an amount of feed equivalent to about 1% of the body

7reip•ht t^a.s a•iven to fish unt'l samr)linrP,. Feeding was then

^y,tn•-LN.wrya.m A^ tte-k...^tl y 1„rlvx.ryii .:v^l:^.^.'iw•+:s..xswt<^ .•+!eaF:.+^^:«m^•^•AT'...w.sR.^!rm.rw-_.....-.e...... -.T-+..--..^_.^ 3 stopped for two days and the fish were used f -)r experiment.

The fish were.. bled under anesthesia with MS - 222 from the caudal vein or artery. The blood was immediately centrifuged and plasma was separated. After ble-ding, the liver

WRS removed immedintely and freezed in acetone-dry ice. The plasma o or liver was stored at 20 C until lipid content determination. Lipid analysis: The liver was homogenized with 10 times its volume of water while plasma was used as such for determinations of triglyceride, aholesterol and free fatty acid according to the methods reported previously (1). Exper1mental Results and Discussion

The immature group was separated from the mature one during sampling. Fig. 1 shows the average values of experimental results for male and female respectively. In certain batches of these experiments, the experimental sample was insuffielent. Unless the standard deviation was indicated, the results were ob- tained with 1 or 2 individuals only. These results can only be used as references. Plasma components:

Triclyceride: Except for the plasma triglyceride content in fenale rainbow tout of the September sample slightly hipeher than that in. male rainbow trout, there is.no conspinuous difference between the September and the December sample (Fig. 1). This Is alost identical to the results of the author's previous re- port (1). In the case of cherry salmon, however, the December fish 4

Rainbow Cherry Flime Species trout salmon salmon

Gonadal Immature Mature Immature Mature Immature Mature state

â ci p Q â d â ^ 4) ^ 0 Sampling 4) ^  v^  month an u) tn  v^ A v^

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og

P,

d

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Fig. 1. Comparison of average lipid contents of each plasma and liver among 3 species of salmonoid fishes. The vertical lines indicate standard error. [:::] : 8 M :9 5

has low trin;lyceride content whether in the mature group or in the Immature group. The male fish tends to have a lower value than fish. Furthermore, *U- e mature female 1-0111e salmon of the female December samole is also observd to have luite low values. As to the male hire salmon of the September sample, the mature 7rouoires a loer value than the immature grOup. Cholesterol: Of all these 3 species of salmonoid fishes, the Decemoer fish tends to have lower value than the September fish (Fig. 1). This agrees with the author's previous report (1) that the plasma cholesterol content of rainbow trout gradually

decreases from the summer to winter. It was suggested that the plasma cholesterol - content Is influenced by the amount of choles- terol in the feed (2). The reason for the decrease of plasma cholesterol content from September to December may be attributed to the reduction of the feed Intake before spawning. On the other hand, it was reported that cholesterol plays an Impor- tant role in the generation of egg (3). Before eggs are produced, it is necessary for the ovary to store cholesterol. Plasma is .mobilized. It is possible that the choleSterol content IS thus lowered. Thse points can not be clarified in this paper. As shown in Fig. 1, the plasma cholesterol level decreases in the order; rainbow trout > hime salmon >cherry salmon. How- ever, it Is not clear whether this is due to the difference In fish s)ecies OP the difference in body weight. Pree fatty acid: The free fatty acid content of plasma of rainbow trout is similar to that in th ,, previous report (1). 6

The '')eceber rish ts shown to 1-ive hiph free fatty ad content.

However, eherry salmon ,liffers from "a'inhow trout in that the value of December fish is lower than that of'September '1.sh. This may be attributed to the difference in soawnIng period (rain- bow t-_.'out, after December; cherry salmon, arounri Ontober). During the spawning period, the physiology changes. Free fatty acid is mobilized as a result and it is thought to be an Important energy source during this period. Liver comnonent: Triyceride: For cherry salmon and hime salmon, the liver trilycerlde content an i plasma triglyceride content have similar patterns: In the case of rainbow trout, the pattern of triglyceride content of liver differs from that of plasma. Similar to the other salmonoid fishes, the value for the rainbow trout sampled in December is lower than that sampled in September( Fig. 1). The relationship between plasma and liver triglyceride contents is shown in Fig. 2. There is a positive correlation for both male and female cherry salmon as well as male and female hime salmon. No such relationship is observed for rainbow trout. This is due to the fact that rainbow trout is sampled in December which is its spawning period. Its use of triglyceride is high. The supply from liver to plasma is increased. As compared to the liver triglyceride content of the September fish, the December fish is estimated to have lower values. In the cases of Cherry sal- mon and hime salmon, the fish die after spawning. There in no 7 need to incre=^se the trigl.yceride content upon maturation. The liver and plasma tri.^lyceride contents are thought to be decreased.

Those prcblems which await to be investigated will become the

future research toptic. The immature group and mature group of cherry salmon as well aS

hime salmon sampled in the same period were compared. The immature

group obviously has higher value than the mature group. It is

quantity of triglyceride is utilized Ou-ring ma- known that a large turation or spawning period. The lipid content of liver of cod

fish (4), sardine (5) and mackerel (6) etc. was reported previousl.y.

The lipid content is high before the.,br-çrin_n_jng of egg formation.

and it Is decreased accordingly when eggs are formed. During

spawning period, the lipid content decreases suddenly. A similar

phenor!enon is observed by the authors. This exp^,rimpnt indi.-

cates that the degree of difference varies with diff erent species

of fishes.

Cherry llime Rainbow salmon trout salmon " r=0.0491 t r=0.34B5 o ^ r=0.83B7 $ r=0.8167 ° (p<0.01) (p

Triglyceride in Liver (mg/g Liver)

plasma triglyceride of salmonoid fish. Fig. 2. Relation betrveen liver and (Q: 4 0: S) 1 8

Cholesterol: As shown in Fig. 1, the pattern of'each of the cholesterol content in livers of these 3 species of fishes resem-. bles to its corresponding pattern of plasma. However, the relation- ship between liver and plasma cholesterol content is observed only in male rainbow trmt and cherry salmon while no such relationship for the others can be observed (Fig. 3). In other words, it differs from triglycPride in that no close relationship is observed between liver cholesterol content and plasma chole- sterol content. The pattern for the variation of each lipid level Is 4" influenced by the ecology of the different species of fishes.

Rainbow Cherry 'lime trout salmon salon • r=10.4474 ■-• (p<0.05) • r=0.7705 13 I e=0.6269 e-t r= 0.3324 r=-0.3958 de /4. r=0.7887 (p<0.05) 5":"" - —0 0 / • o fe+ O 0 (bow 0 n(P?) • o

1.0 6 fo ---70 Clilesterol in Liver (mg% Liver) Fig. 3. Relation between liver and plasma cholesterol of salmonoid fish. ((,) e 8)

Summary The lipid contents in plasma and liver of cultured sal- monoid fish were investigated before and after spawning. The results obtained are as follows:

Trrinslator's remnrk: I thlnk the authors mPant phystologY.

run, 9

(1). No dtfference is observed for the plasna triplyceride content of raInbow trout Illether it.is sampled in September or in December. In the cases of cherry salmon and hime salmon, the level varies due to difference samplino; period. The December fish is shown to have lower value than the September ftsh. (2). For all these 3 species of fishes, the liver triglyce- ride content of the December fish is lower than that of the Sep- tember fish. ?urthermore, immature cherry salmon and hime salmon have higher liver triglyceride content than the corresponding mature fish. (3). There is a positive correlation between liver and plasma trigly ceride contents for cherry salmon and hime salmon. (4). All these 3 species of fishes sampled in December have lower Plasma and liver cholesterol content than those sampled in September. (5). The free fatty acid content of plasma varies with the time of sampling. Moreover, different pattern is observed for different species of fishes.

Finally, the authors would like to thank Y. Oncdera (di- rector of Nikko Branch Station, Fresh Water Fisheries Research

Laboratory) :ho suppl;Usample fish and helpedus in "ariOUSmys,

S. Shirohata and the staff of the Station. We are grateful to techni- cal officers T. Ohonishi and s. Murayama of the Department of 3lochem., thts Research Institute for readIng the manus- cript and helpful crItteism. .-Y 10

References

1). Shiba.ta, N., Kinuma'ci, T. and Ichimura, H.,

Bull. To'^m? 1?eg. r'ish. F?es. Lab., 779 PP. 77-87 (1974). 2). Fujii, T., Ozaki, N., and Y. Araki.

Abstract, 1974 Annual S,.,ring Conference of Japanese Fisheries

Association, 65 (1974).

3). Ando, K, , J. Nisuishi Ja-oanese Fisheries 28, pp. 73-76 (1962)

4). Jan ;her P. M. , Brockerhoff H. , Burgher R. 0. and Hoyle R. J.

J. Ftsh. Aes. Bd. Canada, 21, pp. 607-612 (1967).

5). S. Wa da , Noka Agr. Chem., 29, pp. 339-342 (1955).

6). B. Norruchi :and K. Ofu ji, Nisuishi J. Japanese Fisheries 19, pp. 525-529 (1953)•

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