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Supreme Court of the United States No. _________ ================================================================ In The Supreme Court of the United States --------------------------------- --------------------------------- CINDY VONG and LA VIE, LLC, Petitioners, v. DONNA AUNE, in her official capacity as Executive Director of the Arizona Board of Cosmetology, Respondent. --------------------------------- --------------------------------- On Petition For A Writ Of Certiorari To The Arizona Court Of Appeals, Division One --------------------------------- --------------------------------- PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI --------------------------------- --------------------------------- CLINT BOLICK* CHRISTINA SANDEFUR *Counsel of Record GOLDWATER INSTITUTE SCHARF-NORTON CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LITIGATION 500 E. Coronado Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85004 (602) 462-5000 [email protected] Counsel for Petitioners ================================================================ COCKLE LEGAL BRIEFS (800) 225-6964 WWW.COCKLELEGALBRIEFS.COM i QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. In the context of “fish spas,” an activity that has never once been shown to cause harm anywhere in the world, A. Does the rational basis test under the Fourteenth Amendment require a greater justifica- tion for completely prohibiting the activity rather than merely regulating it to ameliorate any possible health or safety risks? B. Does the rational basis test allow the government to treat very different economic activities as if they were the same? and C. Under City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Liv- ing Center, 473 U.S. 432 (1985), does the rational basis test allow the government to completely pro- hibit an economic activity while allowing and sub- jecting to modest regulation demonstrably dangerous activities within the same profession absent some justification for the differential treatment? 2. Should the Court’s decision in The Slaughter- House Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873), be reconsidered in light of its adverse jurisprudential and real-world consequences and widespread criticism from legal scholars and members of this Court? ii CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT La Vie, LLC, pursuant to Rule 29.6 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States, hereby submits the following corporate disclosure statement. La Vie, LLC is an Arizona limited liability corpo- ration with its principal place of business in Gilbert, Arizona. No parent corporation or any publicly held corporation owns 10% or more of La Vie, LLC’s stock. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page QUESTIONS PRESENTED .................................. i CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ........ ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................... v PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI ............ 1 DECISIONS BELOW ............................................. 1 JURISDICTION ..................................................... 1 CONSTITUTIONAL, STATUTORY, AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS INVOLVED ... 2 STATEMENT OF THE CASE ............................... 2 A. Federal Claims ............................................. 2 B. Statement of Facts ....................................... 3 C. Decisions Below ........................................... 9 REASONS FOR GRANTING THE PETITION ..... 10 I. The Circuits and Other Federal and State Courts are Divided Over Complete Prohibitions of Economic Activities ............. 10 II. The Circuits and Other Federal Courts are Divided Over Whether This Court’s Decision in City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center Applies to Economic Regulations ................ 16 III. In Light of the Jurisprudential Chaos It Has Wrought and Its Adverse Real-World Consequences, the Court Should Re-Examine Slaughter-House .......................................... 22 CONCLUSION ....................................................... 31 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued Page APPENDIX Arizona Court of Appeals, Opinion, May 27, 2014 .................................................................. App. 1 Maricopa County Superior Court, Ariz., Judg- ment, May 9, 2013 .......................................... App. 23 Maricopa County Superior Court, Ariz., Under Advisement Ruling, March 15, 2013 ............. App. 25 Maricopa County Superior Court, Ariz., Ruling on Motions for Summary Judgment, Jun. 13, 2012 ................................................................ App. 48 Arizona Court of Appeals, Memorandum Deci- sion, 2011 WL 1867409, Apr. 29, 2011 ........... App. 53 Arizona Supreme Court Notice denying Peti- tion for Review, Nov. 7, 2014 ......................... App. 71 14th Amendment to the United States Consti- tution .............................................................. App. 73 A.R.S. § 32-501 ................................................... App. 74 A.C. R4-10-112 ................................................... App. 78 Maricopa County Superior Court, Ariz., Com- plaint, Nov. 30, 2009 ...................................... App. 90 v TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page CASES Bradwell v. State, 83 U.S. 130 (1872) ........................ 26 Brown v. Barry, 710 F. Supp. 352 (D.D.C. 1989) .... 14, 20 Bruner v. Zawacki, 997 F. Supp.2d 691 (E.D. Ky. 2014) .................................................................. 18 Caldwell v. Pima County, 837 P.2d 154 (Ariz. App. 1991) ............................................................... 16 City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 432 (1985) ................................................ passim Clayton v. Steinagel, 885 F. Supp.2d 1212 (D. Utah 2012) ............................................................... 21 Cornwell v. Hamilton, 80 F. Supp.2d 1101 (S.D. Cal. 1999) ................................................................ 21 Craigmiles v. Giles, 312 F.3d 220 (6th Cir. 2002) ............................................................ 13, 18, 19 Delight Wholesale Co. v. City of Overland Park, 453 P.2d 82 (Kan. 1969) .......................................... 15 Exton Quarries, Inc. v. Zoning Bd. of Adjust- ment of W. Whiteland Twp., 228 A.2d 169 (Pa. 1967) ................................................................. 14 FCC v. Beach Commc’ns, Inc., 508 U.S. 307 (1993) ....................................................................... 13 Frecker v. City of Dayton, 85 N.E.2d 419 (Ohio App. 1949), aff ’d, 90 N.E.2d 851 (Ohio 1950) ........ 15 Jenness v. Fortson, 403 U.S. 431 (1971) .................... 20 Lakewood Express Serv. v. Board of Pub. Util. Comm’rs, 61 A.2d 730 (N.J. 1948) .......................... 15 vi TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – Continued Page McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010) ................................................................. 27, 30 Meadows v. Odom, 360 F. Supp.2d 811 (M.D. La. 2005) .................................................................. 18 Merrifield v. Lockyer, 547 F.3d 978 (9th Cir. 2008) ........................................................................ 19 Moore v. City of East Cleveland, 431 U.S. 494 (1977) ................................................................. 17, 28 People ex rel. Younger v. County of El Dorado, 96 Cal. App. 3d 403 (Cal. App. 1979) ...................... 14 Pierce v. LaPorte City, 146 N.W.2d 907 (Iowa 1966) ........................................................................ 15 Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896) .................... 27 Powers v. Harris, 379 F.3d 1208 (10th Cir. 2004) ............................................................ 13, 18, 19 Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996) ............. 17, 18, 19 Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999) .............................. 29 Santos v. City of Houston, 852 F. Supp. 601 (S.D. Tex. 1994) ........................................... 14, 19, 20 St. Joseph Abbey v. Castille, 712 F.3d 215 (5th Cir. 2013) ........................................................... 13, 19 The Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1872) .... passim Vong v. Aune (Vong I ), 2011 WL 1867409 (Ariz. App., Apr. 29, 2011) ..................................... 3, 5, 7, 20 Vong v. Aune (Vong II ), 328 P.3d 1057 (Ariz. App., May 27, 2014) .................................................. 1 vii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – Continued Page CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution .................................................... passim STATUTES Civil Rights Act of 1866, 14 Stat. 27-30 (April 9, 1866) .................................................................... 24 28 U.S.C. § 1254(1) ....................................................... 2 42 U.S.C. § 1983 ....................................................... 1, 3 42 U.S.C. § 1988 ........................................................... 1 A.R.S. § 32-501(10)(c) ................................................... 2 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Ariz. Admin. Code R4-10-112 ....................................... 2 OTHER AUTHORITIES Akhil Reed Amar, “Foreword: The Document and the Doctrine,” 114 Harv. L. Rev. 26 (2000) ....................................................................... 25 Alfred Avins, ed., The Reconstruction Amend- ments’ Debates (1974) .............................................. 24 B. Jessie Hill, “Resistance to Constitutional Theory: The Supreme Court, Constitutional Change, and the ‘Pragmatic Moment’,” 91 Tex. L. Rev. 1815 (2013) .......................................... 25 viii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES – Continued Page Brian X. Chen, “A Feisty Start-Up is Met With Regulatory Snarl,” New York Times (Dec. 2, 2012) ........................................................................ 12 Caitlin McGarry,
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