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The Effect of Risk Communication in Improving Farmers Independence in South Sumatera Province

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The Effect of Risk Communication in Improving Farmers Independence in South Sumatera Province 769 International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT) ISSN: 2509-0119. © 2020 International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org Vol. 23 No. 1 October 2020, pp. 102-108 The Effect of Risk Communication in Improving Farmers Independence in South Sumatera Province Ali Alamsyah Kusumadinataa*, Sumardjob, Dwi Sadonoc, Burhanuddind aDepartment of Communication, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UNIDA, Bogor bcDepartment of Communication Science and Community Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB, Bogor dDepartment of Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics and Management, IPB, Bogor Abstract -- Risk communication is part of the communication behavior of farmers in minimizing the risks faced by farmers. Risk communication is hypothesized to be able to increase the independence of farmers to be more competitive, filtered power, and partnership. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of risk communication and the level of independence of rice farmers and see the dominant factors affecting the level of risk communication and independence of farmers. This study method uses a survey approach with a quantitative approach. This study involved 294 farmers in South Sumatra Province using a randomized clustered randomized data collection technique with a disproportionate technique for members of farmer groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive inferencing analysis with the SmartPLS program 3.2.9. The results showed that (1) the level of farmer risk communication was categorized high, especially in the aspects of persuasion, farmer participation, level of collaboration, and dialogue skills while knowledge was moderate. The independent farmer category with competitiveness, filtering system, and the partnership was moderate. (2) The dominant factors ware characteristics, socio-economic, personal characteristics of farmers, level of access to information, level of information quality, and level of characteristics of the institutional environment. Risk communication in increasing farmer independence can be explained by 52% and the rest was influenced by influences outside the model studied. Keywords – Institutional Support, Information Sources, Farmers. I. INTRODUCTION Special efforts and strategies need to be made to maintain sustainable food self-sufficiency. Increasing the production The need for rice, which continues to increase along with of strategic foodstuffs, such as rice, maize, and soybeans in the increasing population of Indonesian people, requires the short term are pursued by an intensification of agricultural additional rice production, but the development of food land both irrigated and sub-optimal (simple irrigated rice, agriculture, especially paddy fields and moor, has not rainfed and swampy rice fields). The problem with sub- experienced significant expansion, in fact, it tends to optimal land is that productivity is still low. decrease. Land conversion continues every year, with a conversion rate of 96,500 ha per year [1], however, paddy South Sumatra Province is one of the food barns in fields are printed annually on average 20-30 thousand ha ([2], Indonesia with a swampland type. South Sumatra itself has [3]). Reference [4] state that the share of rice harvested area swamplands of around 1.3 million ha spread over several in Java Island decreased from 53% in 1980 to 46.3% in 2014. delta areas with a total swamp area in Indonesia of 13.3 Likewise, the share of production decreased from 62.1% to million ha spread across the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, 51.8% in the same period. The decline in harvested area and Sulawesi, and Papua [5]. About 278,000 ha of land are rice production is closely related to three main factors, utilized as rice-based farming for the province of South namely the raw area of rice fields, the level of productivity, Sumatra (Sumsel) ([6], [7]). and the cropping index. In addition to conversion, there are Lowland rice is an alternative to meet food needs also global climate problems that cause more frequent insufficient local food and contributes 30% of food in South extreme climates such as La Nina and El Nino which cause Sumatra Province ([8], [9]). Districts that produce rice food damaged rice fields, puso plants, and attacks by pests and that is lowland and rainfed rice are Ogan Ilir and Banyuasin. diseases. Lowland rice production is recorded to be able to produce 5.6 Corresponding Author: Ali Alamsyah Kusumadinata 102 The Effect of Risk Communication in Improving Farmers Independence in South Sumatera Province t / ha (low swamp), while the tidal swamp is 4.5 t / ha per independence; (2) to analyze the dominant factors affecting planting season. risk communication on the level of swamp rice independence. Reference [10] explains that agricultural business is II. RESEARCH METHODS always faced with risks that can harm farmers both The research approach uses a quantitative and financially and socially. Food production risks bring strengthened by a qualitative approach. Quantitative data challenges and opportunities to be able to go through various using a questionnaire instrument and qualitative data using farming obstacles. These risks consist of technical unstructured interviews and observations of communication cultivation, post-harvest, distribution, and marketing, farm activities in the research village. The research was conducted management. This risk is a challenge that needs to be faced from December 2018 to September 2019. Data were collected with the possibility of opening up opportunities for control or by survey in two districts, namely Ogan Ilir and Banyuasin reduction of the negative impacts it causes. Reference [11] Districts. Ogan Ilir District is located in two sub-districts explained that to minimize risk among farmers using two (Rantau Panjang and Sungai Pinang Districts) and Banyuasin approaches, namely structural factors including commodity District (Muara Sugihan and Rimau Island Districts). The prices, market development, incentives, improvement of rural total sample used was 294 people consisting of 75 people facilities, job placement, development programs, demand for from the Ogan Ilir Regency and 219 people from the third parties, availability of work/business opportunities, Banyuasin Regency. Samples were obtained from data on the improved access to productive resources and services in the number of farmer group members in each district. Samples area. Socio-cultural and natural factors are part of farmers' were randomly selected (cluster sampling) to members of resources, namely natural resource potential, natural farmer groups and farmer group administrators were taken conditions for parents/families to continue their business and purposively. The total population of the Banyuasin Regency farming culture, government policies, commodities, and is 53,625 farmers and Ogan Ilir Regency is 24,600 farmers community trust. who are members of farmer groups. The research data Risk communication is part of the communication process consisted of primary data and secondary data. The primary that occurs to farmers with the aim of increasing farmer data collection technique is carried out with questions in the independence so that they are able to continue the questionnaire, in general, using a choice of rating perceptions sustainability of the farms being managed. Farmer (rating) from number 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest) with closed communication skills are important in the application of questions and open questions and direct observation in the communication for adaptation to managed farms to improve field. Secondary data were obtained from the Ministry of the sustainability of their agricultural businesses [12]. Agriculture, the Agricultural Service, the Central Bureau of Reference [13] states that the application of risk Statistics, the Agricultural Extension Center which became communication needs to pay attention to (1) knowledge of the reference and reference in this study. The collected data risk, both awareness and understanding with respect to risk were analyzed descriptively and inferential tests. The data analysis of each party involved, consistency and openness in analysis technique used in the first stage is a descriptive risk management decision making and implementation, data statistical analysis for all variables. Inferential analysis to test and a strong foundation in deciding. suggested risk the research hypothesis Partial Least Square (PLS) using the management; (2) persuasion in increasing effectiveness and SmartPLS 3.2 program. efficiency in the risk analysis process; (3) participation in III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION information and education in implementing risk management; (4) ability to work together between 3.1. Level of Risk Communication in Paddy Farmer stakeholders; (5) dialogue which is a forum for open Independence cooperation on knowledge, attitudes, values, practices, and The level of risk communication is the degree of perceptions of risks in relation to the risks faced. The ability of farmers who are still weak in terms of cultivation communication that farmers have through the techniques, managerial, and increase in business scale is a instrumentation of knowledge, persuasion, participation, level of cooperation, and dialogue in developing swamp rice factor causing the independence of weak farmers ([14, [15]). agricultural commodities. There are five level instruments for In addition, the limited ability of farmers to find, collect and risk communication and only dialogue
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