Petualangan Unjung Dan Mbui Kuvong

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Petualangan Unjung Dan Mbui Kuvong PETUALANGAN UNJUNG DAN MBUI KUVONG Naskah dan Dokumen Nusantara XXXV PETUALANGAN UNJUNG DAN MBUI KUVONG SASTRA LISAN DAN KAMUS PUNAN TUVU’ DARI Kalimantan dikumpulkan dan disunting oleh Nicolas Césard, Antonio Guerreiro dan Antonia Soriente École française d’Extrême-Orient KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) Jakarta, 2015 Petualangan Unjung dan Mbui Kuvong: Sastra Lisan dan Kamus Punan Tuvu’ dari Kalimantan dikumpulkan dan disunting oleh Nicolas Césard, Antonio Guerreiro dan Antonia Soriente Hak penerbitan pada © École française d’Extrême-Orient Hak cipta dilindungi Undang-undang All rights reserved Diterbitkan oleh KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) bekerja sama dengan École française d’Extrême-Orient Perancang Sampul: Ade Pristie Wahyo Foto sampul depan: Pemandangan sungai di Ulu Tubu (Dominique Wirz, 2004) Ilustrasi sampul belakang: Motif tradisional di balai adat Respen Tubu (Foto A. Soriente, 2011) Penata Letak: Diah Novitasari Cetakan pertama, Desember 2015 382 hlm., 16 x 24 cm ISBN (Indonesia): 978 979 91 0976 7 ISBN (Prancis): 978 2 85539 197 7 KPG: 59 15 01089 Alamat Penerbit: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) Gedung Kompas Gramedia, Blok 1 lt. 3 Jln. Palmerah Barat No. 29-37, JKT 10270 Tlp. 536 50 110, 536 50 111 Email: [email protected] Dicetak oleh PT Gramedia, Jakarta. Isi di luar tanggung jawab percetakan. DAFtaR ISI Daftar Isi — 5 Kata Sambutan — 7 - Robert Sibarani, Ketua Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan (ATL) Wilayah Sumatra Utara — 7 - Amat Kirut, Ketua Adat Suku Punan, Desa Respen Tubu, Kecamatan Malinau Utara, Kabupaten Malinau, Kalimantan Utara — 8 - Abdon Nababan, Sekretaris Jenderal Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) — 9 - Dollop Mamung, Pejabat Sementara Ketua Lembaga Adat Punan Kalimantan Timur — 11 Prakata — 13 Antonio Guerreiro Ucapan Terima Kasih — 17 Kata Pengantar — 21 Yang Lalu Yang Tak Lekang: Dongeng dan Mitos Suku Punan Tuvu’ dari Kalimantan Nicolas Césard dan Antonia Soriente Catatan Tata Bahasa Bahasa Punan Tuvu’ — 47 Antonia Soriente Cerita Rakyat Punan Tuvu’ (dengan terjemahan dalam bahasa Indonesia) — 63 Antonia Soriente 1. Unjung Nyenginan / Unjung Mengembara — 64 / 65 Agat Kelit, Lawai Abo, Jalé Unyat 2. Unjung Nyalo / Unjung Nyalo — 96 / 97 Baya’ Amat 3. Mbui Otuh Kaci’ / Dongeng Otuh Kaci’ (Hantu Kaci’) — 110 / 111 Awang Kirut 4. Jalung Iket Unan Jalung Kemou / Jalung Iket dan Jalung Kemou — 114 / 115 Siran Yau 6 Daftar Isi 5. A’ mangun Cai / Kisah Siluman Ular — 126 / 127 Laing Kelit 6. Pu’un kun / Kisah Terjadinya Makanan — 130 / 131 Semion Ubang 7. Mbui Towé unan Beruk / Towé (Tonggeret) dan Beruk — 134 / 135 Siran Yau 8. Mbui Telau’ / Dongeng Kijang — 142 / 143 Amat Kirut 9. Mbui Kuvong / Mbui Kuvong — 150 / 151 Amat Kirut Tanaman Obat Punan Tuvu’: Puli’ Punan Tuvu’ / Tanaman Obat Punan Tuvu’ — 166 / 167 Kasim Amat Kamus Punan Tuvu’ - Indonesia — 187 Antonia Soriente Pengantar Kamus Punan Tuvu’ - Indonesia — 189 Antonia Soriente Daftar Penyumbang Cerita dan Informan Lain — 373 Para Penyunting — 375 Daftar Pustaka — 377 KATA SAMBUTAN Robert Sibarani Guru Besar Universitas Sumatra Utara dan Ketua Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan Wilayah Sumatra Utara Salah satu kekayaan budaya bangsa yang dimiliki ratusan etnik di Indonesia adalah cerita rakyat. Sebagai kekayaan budaya, cerita-cerita rakyat itu memiliki makna, nilai, dan kearifan lokal yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi persoalan-persoalan yang dihadapi bangsa ini termasuk dalam membentuk karakter generasi muda dan membangun identitas bangsa. Namun, cerita-cerita rakyat sebagai kekayaan budaya itu lama-kelamaan dan satu per satu “menjauh” dari komunitas pemiliknya terutama dari generasi mudanya. Hampir semua etnik di Indonesia tidak lagi memiliki kebiasaan bercerita sebagai bagian dari kehidupan tradisi lisan seperti yang pernah terjadi pada zaman dahulu. Penyebabnya bukan hanya faktor eksternal yang “meminggirkan” tradisi bercerita itu dari kehidupan komunitasnya, melainkan juga faktor intenal dari komunitas itu sendiri yang kurang memberikan perhatian pada tradisi budayanya. Atas dasar itulah sangat diperlukan usaha inventarisasi cerita-cerita rakyat sebagai bahan revitalisasi atau pelestarian cerita-cerita rakyat di masa mendatang, sekaligus sebagai bahan bacaan generasi muda untuk mengetahui warisan budaya peninggalan leluhur mereka dan untuk memahami makna, nilai, dan kearifan lokal yang terkandung dalam cerita-cerita rakyat itu. Nilai budaya dan kearifan lokal tersebut akan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi sebagian persoalan- persoalan yang dihadapi bangsa sekarang ini. Salah satu usaha revitalisasi atau pelestarian cerita rakyat adalah inventarisasi cerita rakyat Punan Tuvu’ dari Kabupaten Malinau, Provinsi Kalimatan Utara yang dilakukan oleh Nicolas Césard, Antonio Guerreiro dan Antonia Soriente. Cerita-cerita rakyat dari etnik Punan Tuvu’ itu diterjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa Indonesia sehingga isi ceritanya dapat dipahami pembaca meskipun tidak mengetahui bahasa daerah Punan Tuvu’. Setelah membaca terjemahan cerita- cerita rakyat Punan Tuvu’ dalam buku ini, saya juga mengetahui banyak nilai dan pesan moral yang terkandung di dalamnya. Buku ini perlu dibaca generasi muda etnik Punan Tuvu’ sebagai pe- wa ris warisan leluhur untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai budaya yang dapat diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sebagai hasil studi lapangan, buku ini juga perlu dibaca para mahasiswa yang menggeluti bidang tradisi lisan, sastra lisan, dan bahasa daerah sebagai bahan kajian akademis di perguruan tinggi. Khusus untuk kajian linguistik daerah, kumpulan cerita rakyat ini menarik untuk mengkaji karakteristik bahasa lisan dalam bahasa Punan Tuvu’. 8 Sastra Lisan dan Kamus Punan Tuvu’ dari Kalimantan Pemerintah Daerah setempat juga diharapkan memberikan dukungan terhadap inventarisasi cerita-cerita rakyat seperti ini. Peran pemerintah setempat juga perlu mensosialisasikan dan menganjurkan para siswa membaca cerita-cerita rakyat ini dan menetapkannya sebagai bahan bacaan di sekolah-sekolah. Akhirnya, saya menyampaikan penghargaan atas terbitnya buku kumpulan cerita-cerita rakyat Punan Tuvu’ ini. Selamat membaca! Medan, 14 Mei 2014 Amat Kirut Ketua Adat Suku Punan, Desa Respen Tubu, Kecamatan Malinau Utara, Kabupaten Malinau, Kalimantan Utara Saya menyambut gembira usaha yang ditempuh Nicolas Césard, Antonio Guerreiro dan Antonia Soriente untuk menyusun buku cerita rakyat Punan Tuvu’ lengkap dengan kamusnya. Dengan kunjungan Antonia Soriente ke kampung kami, Respen Tubu, selama beberapa bulan dalam tiga tahun terakhir ini membuat kami menyadari akan ancaman punahnya bahasa dan budaya kami. Berkat permintaannya, kami orang-orang tua di Respen, seperti saya sendiri, kakak saya Awang Kirut dan kawan-kawan lain seperti Kasim Amat, Siran Yau mencoba-coba mengingat kembali cerita, permainan, lagu dan hal lain yang berkaitan dengan budaya kami sendiri yang memang kaya dan beraneka ragam. Kami berharap buku ini dapat menjadi rangsangan pada masyarakat kami sendiri supaya lebih memperhatikan bahasa Punan Tuvu’ dan pada suku-suku lain di Kalimantan supaya tetap menjunjung tinggi nilai dan bahasanya sendiri sebagai ciri khas dari suku masing-masing. Cerita-cerita di buku ini banyak mengandung nilai dan pengetahuan lama yang mulai dilupakan, namun rasanya tetap menarik untuk disimak kembali. Kami bangga bahwa bahasa kami, melalui buku ini dapat, disimpan untuk generasi mendatang, bisa dikenal di dunia luar dan mungkin dipelajari orang lain. Harapan kami terutama adalah bahwa bahasa ini bisa dipakai oleh masyarakat Punan, khususnya kaum muda untuk belajar dan mahir dalam bahasa Punan Tuvu’ yang sudah mulai dilupakan. Ibu Antonia, yang bertekad besar ini, kami namai Unjung persis seperti salah satu tokoh besar dalam masyarakat Punan dan judul buku ini. Unjung ini melambangkan seorang wanita Punan yang dashyat, berani dan bercita-cita besar. Dia menunjukkan bahwa orang Punan bisa berjalan sendiri dan bisa mencari jalan kehidupan tanpa bantuan siapa pun. Kata Sambutan 9 Pembuatan buku ini memang bukan usaha kecil. Terpaksa Unjung mengunjungi desa kami berkali-kali dan kami banyak bertukar pengalaman, cerita, sambil menyusun dan memeriksa kamus yang juga menjadi bagian penting dari buku ini, beserta daftar tanaman obat. Dengan adanya Unjung di antara kami, kami mencari kawan-kawan yang masih mengingat cerita sampai ke Desa Bila’ Bekayuk untuk merekam Ketuya’ dari kakak kami, Bare Tangga, dan mencoba meyakinkan saudara-saudara kami di hulu akan pentingnya menanam rasa bangga terhadap suku sendiri kepada anak-cucu kita. Seringkali masa jenuh dihadapi dengan mainan seruling hidung dan main permainan kami “lipong”, dua kegiatan budaya yang sangat digemari Unjung. Selain mahir dalam bahasa Punan Tuvu’, akhirnya Unjung juga menjadi jago memainkan suling dan lipong! Sebagai ketua adat desa saya sangat berterima kasih atas penerbitan buku cerita Punan Tuvu’ karena ini merupakan sumbangan berharga masyarakat Punan di seluruh Kabupaten Malinau dan sekaligus bukti akan kekayaan budaya dan bahasa di Kalimantan dan di Indonesia. Desa Respen Tubu, Januari 2015 Abdon Nababan Sekretaris Jenderal Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) Dalam kurun waktu enam belas tahun terakhir wacana tentang masyarakat adat, baik yang merujuk pada pengertian “indigenous peoples” di tingkat internasional maupun yang mengacu pada konsep “kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat” sebagai pemilik hak konstitusional menurut UUD Republik Indonesia 1945 berkembang sangat pesat dan produktif. Selama kurun waktu ini banyak perubahan kebijakan telah terjadi di tingkat nasional, juga
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