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1970 POPULATION CENSUS OF PENINSULAR .02 SAMPLE - MASTER FILE DATA DOCUMENTATION AND CODEBOOK 1970 POPULATION CENSUS OF .02 SAMPLE - MASTER FILE CONTENTS Page TECHNICAL INFORMATION ON THE DATA TAPE 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA FILE 2 INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 1: HOUSEHOLD RECORD 4 INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 2: PERSON RECORD (AGE BELOW 10) 5 INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 3: PERSON RECORD (AGE 10 AND ABOVE) 6 AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 1 7 CODES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 2 15 CODES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 3 24 APPENDICES: A.1: Household Form for Peninsular Malaysia, Census of Malaysia, 1970 (Form 4) 33 A.2: Individual Form for Peninsular Malaysia, Census of Malaysia, 1970 (Form 5) 34 B.1: List of State and District Codes 35 B.2: List of Codes of Local Authority (Cities and Towns) Codes within States and Districts for States 38 B.3: "Cartographic Frames for Peninsular Malaysia District Statistics, 1947-1982" by P.P. Courtenay and Kate K.Y. Van (Maps of Adminsitrative district boundaries for all postwar censuses). 70 C: Place of Previous Residence Codes 94 D: 1970 Population Census Occupational Classification 97 E: 1970 Population Census Industrial Classification 104 F: Chinese Age Conversion Table 110 G: Educational Equivalents 111 H: R. Chander, D.A. Fernadez and D. Johnson. 1976. "Malaysia: The 1970 Population and Housing Census." Pp. 117-131 in Lee-Jay Cho (ed.) Introduction to Censuses of Asia and the Pacific, 1970-1974. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Population Institute. 112 I: Sample of Output from Data Tape 127 TECHNICAL INFORMATION ON THE DATA TAPE

The data file is stored on magnetic tape. To access it, use the following information:

DSN=MAL70FMT UNIT=TAPE9 LRECL=80 BLKSIZE=32000 RECFM=FB LABEL=(1,SL) VOL=SER=ch142c 4

DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA FILE Organization of the File This document describes the contents of the data file of the 2% sample of the 1970 Population Census of Peninsular Malaysia. The data are based on information gathered from three census forms or questionnaires of the 1970 Population Census: 1.Control Form: Schedule for each Enumeration Block. 2.Form 4: Household Schedule (see Appendix A.1). 3.Form 5: Person Schedule (see Appendix A.2). This data file is made up of 3 record types: 1.Record Type 1 which contains Identification and Household Variables. 2.Record Type 2 which contains Person Variables for individuals below 10 years of age. 3.Record Type 3 which contains Person Variables for individuals above 10 years of age. The data file is structured such that records of individuals (Record Types 2 and 3) are nested within households, i.e., following each Household Record (Record Type 1) there will be 1 or more record(s) of individuals (Record Type 2 or 3) within that household. Households in the same Enumeration Block (defined by geographic boundaries) are arranged next to each other in the data file. The file does not contain an "Enumeration Block Record" which gives information about the number of households in that block nor an Enumeration Block variable which identifies the Block number to which the living quarter belongs. Definitions of Households and Families: 1.Household: A household is defined in the Malaysian census as a group of persons who live together (in a single living quarters) and make common provision for food and other essentials of living. It is possible for two or more households to inhabit the same living quarters. Because this 2% sample excludes all households which use the census self-enumeration (short) form, most of the institutional population is excluded. This sample, therefore, contains information on the private household population of Peninsular Malaysia (but a few institutions seem to be included). 5

2.Primary and Secondary Family Units: Families are subsets of households and include persons who live together and are related by blood, marriage, or adoption. In the census, families are divided into primary family units and secondary family units. The primary family is identified as the family whose head is also the household head. If, in addition to this primary family, there is a married couple with or without children, or another married person, with spouse absent, but with an unmarried child (children) present in the same household, they are classified as secondary families. There can only be one primary family per household, but there may be several secondary families. 6

INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 1 HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE (FORM 4)

Census Form Reference No. Variable Length Columns Form Question ______1 State 2 1-2 4 1 2 Administrative District 2 3-4 4 1 3 Daerah/ 2 5-6 4 1 4 Urban/Rural (Strata) 1 7 4 1 5 Record Type = 4 1 8 4 - 6 Local Authority 2 9-10 - - 7 Urban Connurbation 1 11 - - 8 Living Quarters Number 3 12-14 4 4 9 Household Number 2 15-16 4 5 10 Household Person Total 3 17-19 4 16 11 Occupier 1 20 4 17,18,20 12 Rent from Household 2 21-22 4 19 13 Rent 4 23-26 4 21 14 Furnishing 1 27 4 22 15 Cooking Fuel 1 28 4 23 16 Household Equipment 1 1 29 4 24 17 Household Equipment 2 1 30 4 24 18 Household Equipment 3 1 31 4 24 19 Household Equipment 4 1 32 4 24 20 Living Quarters 2 33-34 4 25 21 Zero Filler 2 35-36 - - 7

INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 2 PERSON SCHEDULE (FORM 5) - AGE BELOW 10

Census Form Reference No. Variable Length Columns Form Question ______1 Living Quarters Number 3 1-3 5 - 2 Household Number 2 4-5 5 - 3 Person Number 3 6-8 5 - 4 Record Type = 5 1 9 5 - 5 Sex 1 10 5 2 6 Community 2 11-12 5 7 7 Usual Activity 1 13 5 8 8 Usual Industry 2 14-15 5 8 9 Religion 1 16 5 9 10 School Attendance 1 17 5 10,11 11 Highest Level of Schooling 2 18-19 5 12,13 12 Malaysian Citizen 1 20 5 14,16,23 13 Other Citizen 1 21 5 15,16,23 14 Identity Card 1 22 5 17 15 Birthplace 2 23-24 5 18-20,24 16 Lived in Malaysia 2 25-26 5 21 17 Lived in Locality 1 27 5 22 18 Age 3 28-30 5 4-6 19 Previous Residence 3 31-33 5 23,24 20 Family Unit 1 34 5 3 21 Family Member 1 35 5 3 22 Zero Filler 5 36-40 - - 8

INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 3 PERSON SCHEDULE (FORM 5) - AGE 10 AND ABOVE Census Form Reference No. Variable Length Columns Form Question ______1 Living Quarters Number 3 1-3 5 - 2 Household Number 2 4-5 5 - 3 Person Number 3 6-8 5 - 4 Record Type = Form 5 1 9 5 - 5 Sex 1 10 5 2 6 Community 2 11-12 5 7 7 Usual Activity 1 13 5 8 8 Usual Industry 2 14-15 5 8 9 Religion 1 16 5 9 10 School Attendance 1 17 5 10,11 11 Highest Level of Schooling 2 18-19 5 12,13 12 Malaysian Citizen 1 20 5 14,16,23 13 Other Citizen 1 21 5 15,16,23 14 Singapore Identity Card 1 22 5 17 15 Birthplace 2 23-24 5 18-20,24 16 Lived in Malaysia 2 25-26 5 21 17 Lived in Locality 1 27 5 22 18 Age 3 28-30 5 4-6 19 Previous Residence 3 31-33 5 23,24 20 Family Unit 1 34 5 3 21 Family Member 1 35 5 3 22 Age Over 10 1 36 5 - 23 Type of Activity 1 37 5 25-29 24 Regular Job 1 38 5 25 25 Family Business 1 39 5 26,22 26 Home Made Goods 1 40 5 28 27 Employment Status 1 41 5 30 28 Occupation 3 42-44 5 31 29 Industry 3 45-47 5 32 30 Work at Home 1 48 5 33 31 Education 2 49-50 5 35 32 Everyday Conversation 2 51-52 5 36 33 Literacy 2 53-54 5 37-39 34 Marital Status 1 55 5 40-42 35 Times Married 1 56 5 41 36 Years Married 3 57-59 5 43 37 Number of Children Living 2 60-61 5 44 38 Number of Children Born 2 62-63 5 44 39 Zero Filler 1 64 - - 9

CODES AND DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 1 Household Record Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______1 STATE 1-2 Code State No. of HH No. of Persons 01 Johore 4,239 25,140 02 3,701 19,133 03 2,908 13,770 04 1,365 8,173 05 1,723 9,863 06 1,968 9,961 07 2,690 15,421 08 5,586 31,717 09 504 2,499 10 5,670 32,501 11 Trengganu 1,708 8,109 32,062 176,287 Note:The Number of households include institutional as well as private households. 2 ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 3-4 This is a two-digit code which is sequentially numbered, starting with 01, within each state. Each district code is therefore unique only within its state. To locate a particular district, one has to use both the state code and the district code. For example, to locate district in Johore, one has to use state code 01 and district code 01. For full listing of administrative districts see Appendix B.1. There are 70 Administrative Districts in Peninsular Malaysia, and they range in population from 15,852 to 875,772. 3 DAERAH/MUKIM 5-6 Codes for Daerah/Mukim (smaller administrative areas below the level of Adminstrative Districts) are two digit codes beginning with 01, numbered sequentially 10

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______within each Administrative District. Note: For each state except Kelantan, this variable refers to Mukim, an administrative sub-division of a district. In Kelantan, the variable refers to Daerah, an administrative subunit that is intermediate between a district (which is called Jajahan in Kelantan) and a Mukim.

4 URBAN/RURAL (STRATA) 7 Code Code Label 1 Metropolitan Urban 2 Other Urban Large 3 Other Urban Small 4 Rural Metropolitan places are defined as gazetted areas with a population at the time of census of 75,000 persons or more. A large urban place is a gazetted area with 10,000 to 74,999 persons. A small urban place is a gazetted area with 1,000 to 9,999 persons. The rest of the country is classified as rural - this includes nongazetted areas and gazetted areas with populations below 1,000.

5 RECORD TYPE 8 This variable identifies the type of record. 4 indicates a household record. Code 4 on column 8 of a record does not necessarily mean that this is Record Type 1 because column 8 of record Type 2 may also have a code 4 (referring to a person number in a household). Therefore, to identify Record Type 1, column 8 has code 4 and column 9 is not equal to code 5 (column 9 on a household record is the last column of the local authority code and will never equal 5. On a person record column 9 will always equal 5). 11

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______6 LOCAL AUTHORITY 9-10 This is a two-digit classification of city and town codes which are unique within each Administrative District. For full listing, see Appendix B.2. To identify a particular local authority, the local authority code and the corresponding state and district codes are needed. Local authorities refer to the gazetted places which have some local government unit. They include 1 City Council, 3 municipalities, 45 Town Councils, 165 Town Boards, 296 Local Councils, and 136 New Villages/Villages.

7 URBAN CONNURBATION 11 Code Code Label 1 Within an urban connurbation 2 Outside an urban connurbation An urban connurbation is classified as the population in gazetted towns and their adjoining built-up areas. Urban connurbations were defined only for ten state capitals. in Perlis is excluded.

8 LIVING QUARTERS NUMBER 12-14 A three-digit code which uniquely identifies each living quarters within the Enumeration Block.

9 HOUSEHOLD NUMBER 15-16 This is a one-digit code which is unique only within each living quarter. 12

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______10 HOUSEHOLD PERSON TOTAL 17-19 This is a three-digit code giving the total number of persons in the household.

11 OCCUPIER 20 Code Code Label 1 Owner/Occupier Tenant (with landlord not employer) Paying Rent to: 2 Another household in living quarter 3 Individual outside living quarter 4 Government or Public Authority 5 Firm/Company 6 Others

Tenant (with landlord as employer) Paying Rent to: 7 Another household in living quarter 8 Individual outside living quarter 9 Government or Public Authority 0 Firm/Company 1 Others 2 Other Methods of Tenure This is a one-digit code giving information on whether the household owns or rents its living quarters and from whom it rents its living quarters. The last two codes are identical with the first two codes. There is no way to separately identify whether Code 1 refers to Owner/Occupier or to Tenant paying rent to others (with landlord as employer). There is also no way to separately identify whether Code 2 refers to Tenant (with landlord not employer) paying rent to another household in living quarters or to tenant with method of tenure other than those listed above. 13

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______12 RENT FROM HOUSEHOLD 21-22 This code applies to households that live in the same living quarters as the landlord. It gives the household number of this household within its living quarters. Code 00 refers to the non-applicable cases, that is, households which own their living quarters or households whose landlords do not live in the same living quarters.

13 RENT 23-26 A four-digit code which gives the monthly rent of the household in dollars (Malaysian) if it is being rented. If the household is not rented (owned or other method of tenure) this variable is coded 9999.

14 FURNISHING 27 Code Code Label 0 Not Applicable (living quarters of household is not rented) 1 Furnished 2 Unfurnished Notes: This is a one-digit code which applies to households that rent their living quarters. It gives information on whether the living quarters is furnished by the landlord. 15 COOKING FUEL 28 Code Code Label 1 Electricity 2 Gas 3 Kerosene Oil 4 Charcoal or Wood 5 Other This is a one-digit code referring to the main cooking fuel used in the household. 14

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______

16 HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT 1 29 Code Code Label 1 Motorcar only 2 Motorcycle only 3 Motorcar and Motorcycle 4 only 5 Motorcar and Bicycle 6 Motorcycle and Bicycle 7 Motorcar, Motorcycle and Bicycle This refers to modes of transportation that the household has in its living quarters. Code 0 refers to households which have none of the above equipment.

17 HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT 2 30 Code Code Label 1 Air Conditioner only 2 Telephone only 3 Air Conditioner and Telephone 4 Refrigerator only 5 Air Conditioner and Refrigerator 6 Telephone and Refrigerator 7 Air Conditioner, Telephone and Refrigerator This refers to whether a household has the above equipment in its living quarters. Code 0 refers to either households which have none of the above equipment or missing information. 18 HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT 3 31 Code Code Label 1 Electric Fan only 2 Radio only 3 Electric Fan and Radio 4 Sewing Machine only 5 Electric Fan and Sewing Machine 6 Radio and Sewing Machine 7 Electric Fan, Radio, and Sewing Machine 15

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______This refers to whether a household has the above equipment in its living quarters. Code 0 refers to either households which have none of the above equipment or missing information.

19 HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT 4 32 Code Code Label 1 only 2 Motorboat only 3 Television and Motorboat 4 Boat (no motor) only 5 Television and Boat (no motor) 6 Motorboat and Boat (no motor) 7 Television, Motorboat, and Boat (no motor) This refers to whether a household has the above equipment in its living quarters. Code 0 refers to either households which have none of the above equipment or missing information.

20 LIVING QUARTERS CODE 33-34 Codes 01-03 refer to living quarters not intended for living or sleeping. Frequency Code Code Label 196 01 In a permanent building, e.g., Office, School, Shop, Mosque. 66 02 A Living Space 27 03 A Natural Shelter Codes 04-17 refer to living quarters built or converted for living/sleeping. Codes 04-06 refer to private houses/bungalows. 77,285 04 Detached 8,768 05 Semi-detached 11,985 06 Terrace, Row 16

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 1: Number Household Record Column ______Codes 07-12 refer to flats or rooms. 904 07 In/Attached to House 8,670 08 In Shophouse 1,940 09 In Housing Block 745 10 Other Flat 7,176 11 Labour Lines 1,985 12 Makeshift, Improvised Hut, etc.

Codes 13 to 17 refer to Non-private living quarters. 135 13 Hotel, Lodging House, Rest House, etc. 269 14 Hospital 571 15 Educational, Charitable or Religious Institutions 160 16 Temporary Labour Camp 275 17 Other 17

CODES AND DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 2: PERSON RECORD -- AGE BELOW 10 Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______

1 LIVING QUARTERS NUMBER 1-3 Same as in Record Type 1, Variable 8.

2 HOUSEHOLD NUMBER 4-5 Same as in Record Type 1, Variable 9.

3 PERSON NUMBER 6-8 A three-digit code which uniquely identifies each person living in each household in each living quarter.

4 RECORD TYPE 9 This variable identifies the type of record. 5 indicates a Person Record.

5 SEX 10 Code Code Label 1 Male 2 Female

6 COMMUNITY 11-12 Codes 01-09 can be recoded into the broader ethnic grouping of . Code Code Label 01 Malay 02 Indonesian 03 Negrito 04 Jakun 05 Semai 18

06 Semelai 07 Temiar Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______08 Other Orang-Asli 09 Other Malay Community Codes 10-19 can be recoded into the broader ethnic grouping of Chinese. 10 Hokkien 11 12 Kheh (Hakka) 13 Teochew 14 Hainanese 15 Kwongsai 16 Hokchiu (not Hokchia) 17 Honghwa 18 Hokchia 19 Other Chinese Codes 20-27 can be recoded into the broader ethnic grouping of Indians. 20 Indian Tamil 21 Telegu 22 Malayali 23 Punjabi 24 Other Indian 25 Pakistani 26 Ceylon Tamil 27 Other Ceylonese Codes 28-32 are often categorized as the "Others" grouping. 28 Thai 29 Other Asian 30 European 31 Eurasian 32 Others The broader ethnic categories reflect the 1970 Census groupings. There are some differences from the 1947 and 1957 censuses. 7 USUAL ACTIVITY 13 Code Code Label 19

1 Employer/Self-employed 2 Wage Earner 3 Family Worker 4 Looking After House Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______5 Student 6 Child Not at School 7 Other This variable refers to primary activity during most of the last 12 months.

8 USUAL INDUSTRY 14-15 Code Code Label 00 Not Applicable 01 Padi 02 Logging/Timber 03 Fishing 04 Rubber 05 Other Agriculture 06 Manufacturing/Building 07 Commerce 08 Transport/Communication 09 Services 10 Other 11 Not Stated This variable refers to usual industry for those employed most of the last 12 months. The Not Applicable category refers to those whose Usual Activity code in Variable 7 is 4 through 7.

9 RELIGION 16 Code Code Label 1 Islam 2 Hindu 3 Christian 4 Buddhist 5 No Religion 6 Other 20

10 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 17 Code Code Label 1 Never attended school 2 Currently attended school 3 Completed schooling Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______11 HIGHEST LEVEL OF SCHOOLING 18-19 Code Code Label 01 No Schooling 02 Some Primary 03 Completed Primary 04 Form I-II 05 Form III - Lower Certificate 06 Lower Certificate 07 Form IV 08 Form V, But No School Certificate 09 School Certificate 10 Form VI, Lower (No Certificate) 11 Form VI, Higher (No Certificate) 12 High School Certificate

12 MALAYSIAN CITIZEN 20 Code Code Label 1 Has Malaysian citizenship (Q.14) and has blue Identity Card (Q.15) 2 Has Malaysian citizenship (Q.14) and has another colour I.C. (Q.15) 3 Has Malaysian citizenship (Q.14) and has no I.C. (Q.15) 4 Does not have Malaysian citizenship (Q.14) and has Singapore citizenship (Q.15) 5 Dos not have Malaysian citizenship (Q.14) and has another foreign citizenship (Q.16) 6 Does not have Malaysian citizenship (Q.14) and is stateless or applied for Malaysian citizenship 7 Under 12 years old (Q.14) 21

This refers to the citizenship status of all residents in Peninsular Malaysia. The numbers in parentheses refer to the corresponding questions on the census form. 22

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______13 OTHER CITIZEN 21 Code Code Label 0 Not Applicable - Coded 1,4,5,6 or 7 in variable 12: Malaysian Citizen Yes to Q. 14 and other to Q.15: Coded 2 in variable 12 1 Singapore (Q.16) 2 Other Foreign (Q.16) 3 Stateless/Applied/Not Stated (Q.16) Yes to Q. 14 and No I.C. to Q. 15: Coded 3 in Variable 12 4 Singapore (Q.16) 5 Other Foreign (Q.16) 6 Stateless/Applied/N.S. (Q.16) This refers to the status of those claiming Malaysian citizenship but who do not have a blue Identity Card.

14 SINGAPORE IDENTITY CARD (I.C.) 22 Code Code Label 1 Yes 2 No This refers to whether a person has a Singapore Identity Card.

15 BIRTHPLACE 23-24 Codes 01-14 refer to those born in Malaysia. Code Code Label 01 Johore 02 Kedah 03 Kelantan 04 Malacca 05 Negri Sembilan 06 Pahang 23

07 Penang Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______08 Perak 09 Perlis 10 Selangor 11 Trengganu 12 13 14 State Not Known Codes 15-26 refer to those born outside Malaysia. 15 Singapore 16 17 India/Ceylon/Pakistan 18 Indonesia 19 20 China 21 Other Asian Countries 22 North/South America, Oceania 23 Europe 24 Other 25 Country Not Known 26 Birthplace Not Known

16 LIVED IN MALAYSIA 25-26 Codes 01-09 refer to persons born in Malaysia. Code Code Label 01 Less than 1 year 02 1 to 2 years 03 2 to 3 years 04 3 to 4 years 05 4 to 5 years 06 5 to 6 years 07 6 to 11 years 08 11 to 21 years 09 21 years and over Codes 10-18 refer to those born outside Malaysia. Code Code Label 24

10 Less than 1 year 11 1 to 2 years 12 2 to 3 years 13 3 to 4 years

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______14 4 to 5 years 15 5 to 6 years 16 6 to 11 years 17 11 to 21 years 18 21 years and over 19 Birthplace Not Known This variable refers to the period of residence in Malaysia. 17 LIVED IN LOCALITY 27 Code Code Label 1 Less than 1 year 2 1 to 2 years 3 2 to 3 years 4 3 to 4 years 5 4 to 5 years 6 5 to 6 years 7 6 to 11 years 8 11 to 21 years 9 21 years and over This variable refers to the period of residence in present locality. "Locality" refers to the town, kampong, estate, etc. It is any area with a name. Moves from one house to another within the same locality are ignored. In large towns, there may be a number of kampong or suburbs within the boundaries of the town. Movement between these kampong or between suburbs are ignored, i.e., people who have made such moves are considered to have lived in the same locality.

18 AGE 28-30 A three-digit code designating the age at last birthday of the respondent, given in single years. 25

19 PREVIOUS RESIDENCE 31-33 This refers to the district in which the person lived prior to moving to the present locality. Codes 001 to 007 refer to towns (gazetted areas) within the 70 districts (see Appendix C for codes). Codes 71 to 140 refer to the rural areas within the same 70 Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______districts (Appendix C). For example, code 71 refers to the people who lived in Batu Pahat district but outside any town in that district. Code 141 refers to people who have lived in the same locality since birth. Code 142 refers to people who lived in Sabah. Code 143 refers to people who lived in Sarawak. Code 144 refers to people who lived outside Malaysia. Code 145 refers to people whose place of previous residence is not known.

20 FAMILY UNIT 34 Code Code Label 0 Primary Family Unit 1 First Secondary Family Unit 2 Second Secondary Family Unit 3 Third Secondary Family Unit 4 Fourth Secondary Family Unit 5 Fifth Secondary Family Unit 6 Sixth Secondary Family Unit 7 Seventh Secondary Family Unit 8 Boarders, Servants, Employees, Visitors This refers to the family unit in the household to which the person belongs. 26

21 FAMILY MEMBER 35 Codes 0-6 refer to Family Members. Code Code Label 0 Head of Household 1 Spouse of Head 2 Unmarried Child of Head 3 Mother or Father (and grandmother/ grandfather) of Head or Spouse of Head 4 Brother or Sister of Head

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 2: Number Person Record Column ______5 Other Relatives of Head, Younger Generation 6 Other Relatives of Head, Same Generation or

Codes 7-9 refer to Non-family Members. 7 Boarders 8 Servants or Other Employees 9 Visitors This refers to the individual's relationship to his/her head of family. 27

CODES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 3: PERSON RECORD - AGE 10 AND OVER Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 3: Number Person Record Column ______

1-21 Variables 1 through 21 are the same as for Record Type 2. 1-35

22 AGE OVER 10 36 Code Code Label 0 Below 10 years old 1 Above 10 years old This variable identifies persons age 10 and above in the Person Record.

23 TYPE OF ACTIVITY 37 Code Code Label 0 Not Stated Codes 1-2 refer to those in the Labor Force. 1 Employed 2 Unemployed Codes 3-5 refer to those not in the Labor Force. 3 Looking After House 4 Student 5 Other A person is classified as employed if, in responding to the 1970 Census questionnaire, Form 5 -- see Appendix A.2, any of the following conditions are fulfilled: (a) "Yes" to Q25 (b) "Yes" to Q26 and "more than 3" to Q27 (c) "Yes" to Q28 (d) "Yes" to Q29, "Yes" to Q26, "less than 3" to Q27. 28

A person is classified as unemployed if there is a "Yes" to Q29 and "No" to Q25, Q26, and Q28. A person can also be classified as unemployed if Q25 to Q29 are

Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 3: Number Person Record Column ______blank, but the person does report an employment status (Q30), occupation (Q31), industry (Q32) or working at home (Q33). If a person is neither employed nor unemployed according to the above criteria, then he (she) is classified into the following categories of "Not in the Work Force": looking after house, student, or other. This allocation is done on the basis of information from Q8 (Usual Activity), Q10 (Currently Attending School), and age, sex, and marital status.

24 REGULAR JOB 38 Code Code Label 1 Yes 2 No 3 Not Stated This refers to whether a person has a regular job or not.

25 FAMILY BUSINESS 39 Code Code Label 1 Yes, 3 Hours or Less Per Day 2 Yes, More than 3 Hours Per Day 3 Yes, Hours Not Stated 4 No, Does not Help in Family Business 5 Not Stated This refers to whether a person helps in a family business or farm and if so, the number of hours of help rendered per day.

26 HOMEMADE GOODS 40 Code Code Label 29

1 Yes 2 No 3 Not Stated This refers to whether a person earns money by producing or selling homemade goods. Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 3: Number Person Record Column ______27 EMPLOYMENT STATUS 41 Code Code Label 0 Not in Work Force/Not Stated 1 Employer 2 Self-Employed 3 Employee (Salaried) 4 Family Worker 5 Looking for First Job 28 OCCUPATION 42-44 This is a three-digit code, referring to Occupational Classification. The first digit refers to the Major Occupational Group, the first and second digits together refer to the Minor Occupational Group within the Major Group, and the three digits together refer to the Unit Group within the Minor Group. These codes are taken mainly from the Dictionary of Occupational Classification Malaysia 1968. This dictionary was prepared by the Ministry of Labour and based upon the International Standard Classification of Occupations issued by the International Labour Office, Geneva, 1968. The Major Group Categories and corresponding codes are as follows: Code Code Label 0,1 Professional, technical and related workers 2 Administrative and managerial workers 3 Clerical and related workers 4 Sales workers 5 Service workers 6 Agricultural, animal husbandry, and forestry workers 30

7,8,9 Production and related workers, Transport Equipment Operators, and Laborers 997 Activities inadequately described 998 Blank/Not Stated (including those looking for first job) 999 Not in Labor Force/Not Stated if out of Labor Force Those persons who are currently unemployed but had a previous job are classified in the occupation of their previous job. For the complete list of Occupational Classification codes see Appendix D. Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 3: Number Person Record Column ______29 INDUSTRY 45-47 This is a three-digit code, referring to Industrial Classification. The first digit refers to the Industrial Division, the first and second digits together refer to the Major Groups within the Divisions and the three digits together refer to the Industrial Groups within the Major Groups. These codes are taken from the Malaysian Industrial Classification, 1967, which is almost the same as the Federation of Malaysia Industrial Classification, 1963. The classification was adapted from the United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification, 1958. The Industrial Divisions (first digit in the three- digit code) and corresponding codes are as follows: Code Code Label 0 Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fishing 1 Agricultural Products requiring Substantial Processing 2 Mining and Quarrying 3,4 Manufacturing 5 Construction 6 Electricity, Gas, Water and Sanitary Services 7 Commerce 8 Transport, Storage and Communication 9 Service 997 Activities inadequately described 998 Blank/Not Stated (including looking for first job) 999 Not in Labor Force/Not Stated if in or out of Labor Force Those persons who are currently unemployed but had a 31

previous job are classified in the industry of their previous job. For the full listing of Industrial Classification, see Appendix E.

30 WORK AT HOME 48 Code Code Label 0 Not Stated 1 Yes 2 No This refers to a person whose place of work and place of residence are at the same address. Farmers who work in the fields or rubber trees close by are considered as working at home.

31 EDUCATION 49-50 This is a two-digit code; the first digit refers to the form of tertiary education, and the second digit refers to the or subject matter. Code Code Label First Digit 1 University 2 Other Tertiary Education (e.g.teachers' training college) 3 No Tertiary Education

Second Digit 1 Education 2 Medical 3 Engineering, building (applied) 4 Agriculture 5 Pure and natural sciences 6 Government and Political Sciences Management and Administration Economic and Commerce 7 Others 9 No Qualification Possible codes for V31 are: 11 to 17 21 to 27, 39 32

32 EVERYDAY CONVERSATION 51-52 This refers to the languages spoken in everyday conversation. Code Code Label 1 Fluent Malay 2 Elementary Malay 3 Fluent Malay and Elementary Malay 4 Mandarin 5 Fluent Malay and Mandarin 6 Elementary Malay and Mandarin 7 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay and Mandarin 8 English 9 Fluent Malay and English 10 Elementary Malay and English 11 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay and English 12 Mandarin and English 13 Fluent Malay, Mandarin and English 14 Elementary Malay, Mandarin and English 15 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Mandarin and English 16 Tamil 17 Fluent Malay and Tamil 18 Elementary Malay and Tamil 19 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay and Tamil 20 Mandarin and Tamil 21 Fluent Malay, Mandarin and Tamil 22 Elementary Malay, Mandarin and Tamil 23 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Mandarin and Tamil 24 English and Tamil 25 Fluent Malay, English and Tamil 26 Elementary Malay, English and Tamil 27 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, English and Tamil 28 Mandarin, English, and Tamil 29 Fluent Malay, Mandarin, English and Tamil 30 Elementary Malay, Mandarin, English and Tamil 31 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Mandarin, English and Tamil 32 Other Languages 33 Fluent Malay and other languages 34 Elementary Malay and other languages 35 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay and other languages 36 Mandarin and other languages 37 Fluent Malay, Mandarin and other languages 38 Elementary Malay, Mandarin and other languages 39 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Mandarin and 33

other languages 40 English and other languages 41 Fluent Malay, English and other languages 42 Elementary Malay, English and other languages 43 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, English and other languages 44 Mandarin, English and other languages 45 Fluent Malay, Mandarin, English and other languages 46 Elementary Malay, Mandarin, English and other languages 47 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Mandarin, English and other languages 48 Tamil and other languages 49 Fluent Malay, Tamil and other languages 50 Elementary Malay, Tamil and other languages 51 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Tamil and other languages 52 Mandarin, Tamil and other languages 53 Fluent Malay, Mandarin, Tamil and other languages 54 Elementary Malay, Mandarin, Tamil and other languages 55 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Mandarin, Tamil and other languages 56 English, Tamil and other languages 57 Fluent Malay, English, Tamil and other languages 58 Elementary Malay, English, Tamil and other languages 59 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, English, Tamil and other languages 60 Mandarin, English, Tamil and other languages 61 Fluent Malay, Mandarin, English, Tamil and other languages 62 Elementary Malay, Mandarin, English, Tamil and other languages 63 Fluent Malay, Elementary Malay, Mandarin, English, Tamil and other languages 64 Dumb

33 LITERACY 53-54 Codes 01-31 refer to ability to both read and write in the languages listed. Code Code Label 01 Malay 02 Chinese 03 Malay and Chinese 34

04 English 05 Malay and English 06 Chinese and English 07 Malay, Chinese and English 08 Tamil 09 Malay and Tamil Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 3: Number Person Record Column ______10 Chinese and Tamil 11 Malay, Chinese and Tamil 12 English and Tamil 13 Malay, English and Tamil 14 Chinese, English and Tamil 15 Malay, Chinese, English and Tamil 16 Other 17 Malay and Other 18 Chinese and Other 19 Malay, Chinese and Other 20 English and Other 21 Malay, English and Other 22 Chinese, English and Other 23 Malay, Chinese, English and Other 24 Tamil and Other 25 Malay, Tamil and Other 26 Chinese, Tamil and Other 27 Malay, Chinese, Tamil and Other 28 English, Tamil and Other 29 Malay, English, Tamil and Other 30 Chinese, English, Tamil and Other 31 Malay, Chinese, English, Tamil and Other Codes 32 and 33 refer to semi-literacy, i.e., ability to read but not write in the language. 32 Chinese (Semi-literate) 33 Other (Semi-literate) 34 Illiterate 34 MARITAL STATUS 55 Code Code Label 1 Never Married 2 Married 3 Widowed 4 Divorced/Permanently Separated 35

35 TIMES MARRIED 56 Code Code Label 0 Not Applicable (Never Married) 1 Once Married 2 Twice Married 3 Three Times Married 4 Four or more Marriages Variable Codes of Variables for Record Type 3: Number Person Record Column ______

36 YEARS MARRIED 57-59 Code Code Label 0 Less than 1 year 1 One Year . . 99 Ninety nine years 100 Not Applicable (Never Married)

37 CHILDREN LIVING 60-61 Code Code Label 0 None of own children living 1 One own child living 2 Two own children living . . 30 Not Stated 31 Not Applicable (Non-married women, men) Code 30 refers to those who are married but do not state their number of children living. Code 31 is the "not applicable" category referring to males or females who are never married. This question is addressed only to married women.

38 CHILDREN BORN ALIVE 62-63 Code Code Label 36

0 No children born alive 1 One Child born alive 2 Two Children born alive . . 30 Not Stated 31 Not Applicable (Non-married women, men)

The meanings of codes 30 and 31 are the same as for variable 37.

APPENDIX B.1

State and Administrative District Codes Malaysia 1970 and 1980 ______State Codes Administrative District Codes 1970 1980 1970 1980 ______Johor 1 1 Batu Pahat 01 01 Baharu 02 02 Keluang 03 03 04 04 05 05 06 06 Pontian 07 07 08 08

Kedah 2 2 Baling 01 01 Bandar Baharu 02 02 Kota Setar 03 03 Kuala Muda 04 04 Kubang Pasu 05 05 Kulim 06 06 Pulau 07 07 Padang Terap 08 08 Sik 09 09 Yan 10 10 Pendang2 11

Kelantan 3 3 36

Bachok 01 01 Kota Baharu 02 02 03 03 04 04 Pasir Puteh 05 05 Tanah Merah 06 06 Tumpat 07 07 Ulu Kelantan 08 08 Kuala Kerai3 09

Melaka 4 4 (North) 01 01 (South) 02 02 Melaka Tengah 03 03 Negri Sembilan 5 5 Jelebu 01 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 05 05 06 06 Jempul4 07

Pahang 6 6 01 01 02 02 03 03 04 04 Lipis 05 05 Pekan 06 06 Raub 07 07 08 08 Rompin5 09

Pulau Pinang 7 7 (Central) 01 01 Butterworth (North) 02 02 (South) 03 03 Pulau Pinang Timur Laut 04 04 Pulau Pinang Barat Daya 05 05

Perak 8 8 Batang Padang 01 01 Dinding (Manjung) 02 02 Kinta 03 03 Kerian 04 04 05 05 37

Larut dan Masang 06 06 Hilir Perak 07 07 Hulu Perak 08 08 Perak Tengah6 09

Perlis 9 9 Perlis 01 01

Selangor 10 10 Gombak7 01 Kelang 01 02 Kuala Langat 02 03 Kuala Lumpur7 03 04 04 Petaling7 05 Sabak Bernam 05 06 Sepang7 07 Ulu Langat 06 08 Ulu Selangor 07 09 Trengganu 11 11 Besut 01 01 Dungun 02 02 Kemaman 03 03 Kualu Trengganu 04 04 Marang 05 05 Ulu Trengganu 06 06

Wilayah Persekutan1 14 Wilayah Persekutan7 01 ______1 Wilayah Persekutan (Federal Territory) did not exist as a separate state in 1970. It was created out of parts of the State of Selangor. 2 Pendang was formed out of parts of Kotar Setar 3 Kuala Kerai was formed out of parts of Ulu Kelantan 4 Jempul was formed out of parts of Kuala Pilah 5 Rompin was formed out of parts of Pekan 6 Perak Tengah was formed out of parts of Dinding, Hilir Perak, and Kuala Kangsar. 38

7 Between 1970 and 1980 the state of Selangor underwent considerable change in it's administrative districts. Three new districts were created, Gombak, Petaling, and , the new Federal Territory (Wilayah Persekutan) was created, and Kualu Lumpur was merged into other districts. All district boundaries underwent some change. At present information is not available as to the exact changes that took place.

39

APPENDIX B.2 List of Codes of Local Authorities (L.A.) for: State: Johore (01) Admin. District: Batu Pahat (01) Name of L.A.'s Code No: Town Council Bandar Penggaram (Batu Pahat) 14 Local Council Tongkang Pecah 1 (Par) 2 Sulung 3 4 5 Lam Lee 6 Kangkar Bahru 7 8 9 10 Senggarang 11 12 13 Admin. District: Johore Bahru (02) Town Council Johore Bahru 21 Local Council 1 2 Geland Patah 3 4 5 Kangkar 6 Pandan 7 8 9 Masai 10 Pasir Putih 11 12 Ayer 13 14 15 40

Sengkang 16 17 Admin. District: Johore Bahru (02) Name of L.A.'s Local Council Code No: 18 19 20 New Village Ban Foo 22 Others Separadi-Kulai Semi T/B 23

Admin. District: (03) Town Council Kluang 12 Local Council 1 2 Sri Lallang 3 Kampong Paya 4 Kampong Gajah 5 Kangkar 6 Macap 7 Simpang Rengam 8 Rengam 9 Sungei 10 Layang Layang 11

Admin. District: Kota Tinggi (04) Town Council Kota Tinggi 1 Local Council Telok Sengat 2 3 Sungei Rengit 4 41

Sedili Besar 5

Admin. District: Mersing (05) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Mersing 3 Local Council 1 Mersing Kecil 2 Pengkalan Batu 4 6 Kampong Hubong 7

Admin. District: Muar (06) Town Council (Bandar Maharani) Muar 18 Local Council 1 Bukit Pasar 2 3 4 5 (or Sagil Luar) 6 Kebun Bahru 7 Bukit 8 Lenga 9 Kampong Ulu 10 12 Gerisek 13 Serom 14 15 16 Pancor 17 Semerah (part) 19 Admin. District: Pontian (07) Town Council 4 42

Local Council Ayer Baloi 1 2 3 Permas Kechil 5

Admin. District: Segamat (08) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Segamat 1 Local Council Kampong Tengah 2 Bukit Siput 3 Pekan Ayer Panas 4 5 6 Cha'ah 7 8 Baharu 10 11 12 13 Paya Jakas 14 Pekan Jabi 15 43

List of Codes of Local Authorities For: State: Kedah (02) Admin. District: Baling (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Board Code No: 3 Baling 6 Local Council Tawar 1 2 Kupang 4 New Village Kejai 5

Admin. District: Bandar Bahru (02) Town Board Lubuk Buntar 2 Bandar Bahru 3 Local Council Serdang 1 Sungai Kechil Hilir 4 Selama 5 New Village Bagan Samak 6 Admin. District: Kota Star (03) Town Council 44

Alor Star 10 Town Board Tokai 3 Bukit Junun 4 Pendang 5 7 8 Simpang Empat Kangkong 9 Admin. District: Kota Star (03) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Local Council Code No: Langgar 1 2 Pokok Sena 6

Admin. District: Kuala Muda (04) Town Council 12 Town Board Tanjong Dawai 2 Kota 4 7 Tikan Batu 10 Local Council 1 /Kuala Bigia (part) 3 Gurun 5 Sungei Lallang 8 9 11 New Village Padang Lembu 6

Admin. District: Kubang Pasu (05) Town Board 45

Jitra 5 Local Council Padang Sera 1 2 Tunjang 3 4

Admin. District: Kulim (06) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Kulim 9 Town Board Sungei Seluang 1 Sungei Karangan 2 Karangan 8 Local Council 3 Merbau Pulas 4 Lunas 5 Mahang 6 Junjong 7

Admin. District: Langkawi (07) Town Board 1

Admin. District: Padang Terap (08) Local Council 1

Admin. District: Sik (09) 46

Local Council Sik 1 Jeniang/Kuala Bigia (part) 2

Admin. District: Yen (10) Local Council 1 Pekan Yen 2 Yen Kechil 3 4

List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Kelantan (03) Admin. District: Bachok (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Bachok 4 Local Council 2 Puah Lima (part) 3

Admin. District: (02) Town Council Kota Bharu 1 Kubang Krian 3 Kadok 4 Peringat 5 Pangkal Kalong 6 Puah Lima (part) 7 Village Mulong 2

Admin. District: Machang (03) Town Council Machang 2 47

Local Council Temangan 1 Pulai Chondong 3

Admin. District: Pasir Mas (04) Town Council Pasir Mas 1 Local Council Tok Uban 2

Admin. District: Pasir Puteh (05) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Pasir Puteh 1 Local Council Cherang Ruku 3 Village Selising Village 2 Admin. District: Tanah Merah (06) Local Council Kusial Baharu 1 Tanah Merah 2 Gual 3 Admin. District: Tumpat (07) Town Council Tumpat 1 Local Council 2 Admin. District: Ulu Kelantan (08) 48

Town Council 1 Local Council 4 6 Kuala Balah 7 Bertam 8 Gua Musang 9 New Village Guchil 3 Kemubu 5 Village Pahi 2 List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Malacca (04) Admin. District: Northern District: (Alor Gajah) (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Code No: Alor Gajah 1 3 8 Village Baru 2 Tunggal 4 Rembia 5 Kuala Sungei Baru 6 7

Admin. District: Southern District: (Jasin) (02) Town 1 Jasin 5 Village Sungei Rembia 2 49

Chin Chin 3 4 Bemban 6 7 8 Kesang Pajak 9 Sempang Bekoh 10 Asahan 11

Admin. District: Malacca Central (03) Municipality Malacca 11 Town Bukit Baru 10 Admin. District: Malacca Central (03) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Village Code No: Tangga Batu 1 Paya 2 Bukit Rambai 3 4 5 Tanjong Kling 6 Kandang 7 Ayer Molek 8 Batu Berandam 9 50

List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Negri Sembilan (05) Admin. District: Jelebu (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Board Code No: 9 10 3 Local Council 1 Titi 2 New Village Durian Tipus 7 Jelebu Estate 4 Petaling 5 Sungei Muntoh 8 6

Admin. District: Kuala Pilah (02) Town Board 51

Batu Kikir Village 15 Dangi 12 10 Kampong Tengah 4 Kuala Jelai Village 14 Parit Tinggi 6 Rompin 13 Senaling 7 8 Local Council Ayer Mawang 3 9 1 Tanjong Ipoh 2 New Village Mahasan 11

Admin. District: Port Dickson (03) Name of L.A.'s Town Board Code No: Village 5 Pasir Panjang 6 Pengkalan Lepas Village 8 Pengkalan Kundang 7 Port Dickson 4 Local Council Jimah Local Council (Chuah Area) 1 Jimah Local Council (Sg. Nipah Area) 2 Jimah Local Council (Bukit Pelandok Area) 3 Admin. District: Rembau (04) Town Board 1 Kota Village 2 Lubok China Village 5 Village 3 Rembau 4 52

Village Kampong Batu 6 Admin. District: Seremban (05) Town Council Seremban 16 Town Board 7 Gedong Lalang* Labu Village 15 Village 6 Local Council 11 1 2 12 Rasa* * located within the Seremban Town Council Admin. District: Seremban (05) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s New Village Code No: Beroga 8 8th Mile Labu 14 13 10 4 3 Ulu 9 Admin. District: Tampin (06) Town Board Batang Melaka 5 Bukit 7 Gemas 6 Baharu 8 Gemencheh Lama 9 Tampin 3 53

Local Council Gedok 1 New Village Selatan 4 Gemas 2

List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Pahang (06) Admin. District: Bentong (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Bentong 1 Local Council Manchis 3 Sungei Dua 4 Karak 5 Telempong 6 Bukit Tinggi 7 Village Sungei Penjuring 2 Admin. District: Cameron Highlands (02) 54

Town Board 2 Local Council Ringlet 1 Admin. District: Jerantut (03) Town Council Jerantut 1 Village 3 Others Jerantut Ferry Pantai Town Board 2 Admin. District: Kuantan (04) Town Council Kuantan 1 Local Council 3 Gambong 4 Admin. District: Kuantan (04) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Village Code No: Tanjong Lumpur 2

Admin. District: Lipis (05) Town Council 5 Local Council Penjom 1 Jerkoh 3 4 55

Village Padang Tungku 2

Admin. District: Pekan (06) Town Board Pekan 4 Village 2 3 5 Others New Town 1

Admin. District: Raub (07) Town Council Raub 3 Town Board Fraser's Hill (part) 5 Admin. District: Raub (07) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Local Council Code No: 1 Teras 2 Dong 4 Sungei Ruan 6

Admin. District: Temerloh (08) Town Council Temerloh 7 12 56

Local Council 1 Mengkuang 2 3 Kerayong 4 5 6 8 9 Village Kuala Kerau 10 Sanggan 11

List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Penang & Province Wellesley (07) Admin. District: Bukit Mertajam (Central District) (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Code No: Prai 11 Bukit Mertajam 12 New Village Berapit 2 Juru 4 6 57

Permatang Tinggi 8 Sungei Lembu 10 Village Kubang Semang 1 3 Kampong Pertama 5 7 Bukit Tengah 9 Admin. District: Butterworth (Northern District) (02) Town Kepala Batas 1 Butterworth 8 Village Penaga 2 Permatang 7 Sungei Dua 4 Sungei Puyu 6 Telok 3 Tasek 5 Admin. District: Nibong Tebal (Southern District) (03) Town Nibong Tebal 2 Sungei Bakap 4 Admin. District: Nibong Tebal (03) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s New Village Code No: Jawi 1 Val D' 6 Village Simpang Ampat 3 Sungei Kechil 5 Permatang To'Mahat 7 Tasek 8 58

Changkat 9 Kampong Besar 10 Bukit 11 Permatang Keling 12 Admin. District: Penang North East (04) City Council Georgetown 8 Town Batu Feringgi 2 Tanjong To'Kong 3 Gelugor 4 Bukit Bendara 5 Tanjong Bunga 6 Ayer Itam 7 Village Sungei Nibong (part) 2 Admin. District: Penang South East (05) Town 2 4 Village Sungei Pinang 1 Ginting 3 Gertek Sanggul 5 Pulai Betong 7 Telok Kumbar 8 Sungei Nibong (part) 9 List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Perak (08) Admin. District: Batang Padang (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: 13 Tanjong Malim 20 Town Board 59

Sungei Lesong Village 1 Station Village 2 Village 16 Local Council Temoh 3 Chenderinng 4 Bukit Pagar 5 6 Ayer Kuning 7 8 9 Bidor Station 10 Kampong Coldstream 12 15 17 Slim Village 18 Behrang Station 19 New Village Mamband diAwan (part) 21 Village Suhgai Prai 11 14 Admin. District: Dindings (02) Town Board 2 Pengkalan Baharu 3 Kampong Bahru 6 7 Lumut 8 Sungei Pinang Kechil 9 Pangkor 10 Pasir Bogak 11 Segari 12 Kampong 20 Simpang Empat 21 Admin. District: Dindings (02) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Local Council Code No: Sungai Batu 1 4 5 Ayer Tawar 13 Kampong China 14 Kampong Koh 15 60

Batu Lapan 16 Kampong Pasir Panjang Laut 17 Pekan Curney 18 Simpang Dua 19 New Village Kampong Merbau 22 Kampong Jering 23 Kampong Raja Hitam 24 Kampong Simpang Lima 25 Admin. District: Kinta (03) Municipality Ipoh 29 Town Council Kampar 7 Town Board Kuala Dipang 1 Sungei Siput South 4 Tronoh 10 11 Papan 13 Siputeh 14 15 Kota Baharu 17 Kampong Kepayang 18 Local Council 2 3 Sungei Durian 8 Tanjong Durian 9 Tanjong Tualang 12 dan Gunong Hijau 16 Lawan Kuda Bharu 19 24 Tanjong Rambutan Admin. District: Kinta (03) Name of L.A.'s New Village Code No: Mambang diAwan (part) 5 Tronoh Mines 6 Kanthan Baharu 25 61

Kuala 30 Tanah Hitam 31 Changkat Dinding 32 Others Lahat Town 21 Chemore Town 23 Tambun Town 26 Admin. District: Krian (04) Town Board 2 Tanjong Piadang 6 7 Jalan Baharu Batu Lima 8 11 Local Council Pondok Tanjong (part) 19 Village Bukit Merah 13 Others Simpang Ampat 1 Simpang Tiga 3 Titi Serong 4 Simpang Lima 5 Sungei Megat Aris 9 Sungei Bogak 10 12 Changkat Lobak 14 Gunung Semanggol 15 Simpang Ampat 16 Kampong Dew 17 Sungai Gedong 18

Admin. District: Kuala Kangsar (05) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Kuala Kangsar 11 62

Local Council Rimba Panjang 1 North 2 Salak Baharu 3 Karai 4 Parit 8 12 Jerlun 13 Manong 14 Sauk 15 Liman Kati 16 New Village Simpang Jalong 6 Village Salak Utara 5 Lubok Merbau 17 Kati 18 Others Tanjong Blanja Rural Board 7 Kanan Rural Board 9 Kampong Buluk Akar (Rural Board) 10 Admin. District: Larut and Matang (06) Town Council Taiping 26 Town Board Jelutong 9 Selama 16 Local Council Sungai Rotan 1 2 3 Temerloh 4 Port Weld 5 Admin. District: Larut and Matang (06) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Local Council (cont'd) Code No: 63

Ayer Terjun 6 Trong 7 Matang 8 Pokok Asam 10 Kampong Pinang 11 12 Simpang 13 14 Sungai Terap 15 Panjang 17 Redang Panjang 18 Kampong Masjid 19 Bagan Baharu 20 Sungai Bayer 21 Pondok Tanjong 22 Jelai 23 Batu Kurau 24 Ulu Sepetang 25 Admin. District: Lower Perak (07) Town Council Telok Anson 19 Local Council 14 Pelawan 15 Chui Chak 16 Batu Dua Belas 17 New Village Simpang Empat 9 Village 1 3 Batu Dua Puloh Village 6 Jenderata Village (Hilir Perak) 12 Degong Village (Hilir Perak) 13 Others Bagan Datok 2 Simpang Tiga Rungkup 4 (Hilir Perak) 5 Admin. District: Lower Perak (07) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s 64

Others (cont'd) Code No: Sungai Haji Mohamad 7 Sungai Sunus (Hilir Perak) 8 (Hilir Perak) 10 Bata Rabit 11 Batu Tujuh Belas, Jalan Bidor 18 Admin. District: Upper Perak (08) Town Board 7 Klian Intan 9 Grik 11 Local Council Padang Grus 1 Selat Pagar 2 Ayer Kala 3 Kota Tampan 4 5 Tasek 8 Kuala Rui 10 Batu Dua 12 65

List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Perlis (09) Admin. District: Perlis (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Kangar 2 6 7 Town Board Padang Besar 3 Puah 4 Local Council 1 Simpang Empat 5 66

List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Selangor (10) Admin. District: (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Klang 4 Town Board 5 Sungei Way - Subang 3 Local Council 1 Meru 2 Admin. District: Kuala Langat (02) Town Board 13 Kg. Bahru, 2 Salak 4 Sepang 3 Sungai Manggis 11 Telok Datok 10 Local Council 12 Tanjong Sepat 1 Village Telok Panglima Garang 14 Admin. District: (03) Municipality Kuala Lumpur 19 Town Board Gombak Setia 15 67

Petaling Jaya 20 Sungai Besi 1 - Subang 21 Admin. District: Kuala Lumpur (03) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Local Council Code No: Ampang 17 13 Salak South 5 Serdang Bahru 2 Sungai Buloh 8 Sungai Way 9 Subang 6 Village Sungei Penchala 7 Batu 11 12 Kepong 10 12th. Miles 3 Serdang 4 Sungei Buloh Leper Settlement 14 Sungei Buloh 15 Remainder of District 99 Total Admin. District: Kuala Selangor (04) Town Board 10 Kampong Kuantan 7 Kuala Selangor 12 Pasir Penambang 11 Sungai Buloh 9 Sungai Sembilang 8 Local Council Batang Berjuntai 4 3 Jeram 5 2 Tanjong Karang 1 Village 68

Asam Jawa 6

Admin. District: Sabak Bernam (05) Name of L.A.'s Town Board Code No: Sabak Bernam 3 Local Council 2 1 Admin. District: Ulu Langat (06) Town Board Bangi 4 Beranang 3 2 1 11 Sungai Chua - Turun Beroga 9 Ulu Langat 10 Local Council Balaking 8 Batu Lapan Belas Ulu Langat 7 Batu Sebelas Cheras 6 Batu Sembilan Cheras 5 Admin. District: Ulu Selangor (07) Town Board 11 10 Fraser's Hill (part) 15 Kerling 4 Kuang 9 Rasa 8 Rawang 5 13 69

Ulu Bernam 3 Baharu 12 Ulu Yam Lama 7 Local Council 1 Kuala Kubu Bahru 2 Admin. District: Ulu Selangor (07) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s New Village Code No: Rawang 6 Village Ulu 14 Remainder of District 99 Total 70

List of Codes of Local Authorities for: State: Trengganu (11) Admin. District: Besut (01) Name of L.A.'s Town Council Code No: Kampong Raja 1 3 6 Alor Lintah 7 Seberang Kastam 8 Local Council Jabi 2 Pasir Akar 4 Apal 5 Kampong Buloh 9 Admin. District: Dungun (02) Town Council Dungun 1 Local Council Paka 2 Admin. District: Kemaman (03) Town Council 5 Local Council 1 Ayer Jerneh Village 2 Kemasek 3 71

Kijal 4 Admin. District: Kuala Trengganu (04) Town Council Kuala Trengganu 1 Local Council Kuala Trengganu North () 2 Kuala Trengganu North (Tepoh) 3 Kuala Trengganu North (Batu Rabit and Mengkebang Teliput) 4 Admin. District: Kuala Trengganu (04) (cont'd) Name of L.A.'s Local Council (cont'd) Code No: Kuala Trengganu West (Manir) 5 Kuala Trengganu North (Batu 6) 6 Kuala Trengganu South () 7 Kuala Trengganu South (Binjai Rendah) 8 Kuala Trengganu South () 9 Kuala Trengganu Central 10 Kuala Trengganu South (Chendering) 11 Admin. District: Marang (05) Town Board Marang 1 Admin. District: Ulu Trengganu (06) Town Board Ulu Trengganu ( Area) 1 Ulu Trengganu (Kuala Brang Area) 2 72

APPENDIX C: CODES FOR PLACE OF PREVIOUS RESIDENCE BY TOWN, OTHER (Variable 19, Record Types 2 and 3)

Administrative District Town Other ______State: Johore Batu Pahat 001 071 Johore Bahru 002 072 Kluang 003 073 Kota Tinggi 004 074 Mersing 005 075 Muar 006 076 Pontian 007 077 Segamat 008 078

State: Kedah Baling 009 079 Bandar Bahru 010 080 Kota Setar 011 081 Kuala Muda 012 082 Kubang Pasu 013 083 Kulim 014 084 Langkawi 015 085 Padang Terap 016 086 Sik 017 087 92

Yen 018 088

State: Kelantan Bachok 019 089 Kota Bahru 020 090 Machang 021 091 Pasir Mas 022 092 Pasir Puteh 023 093 Tanah Merah 024 094 Tumpat 025 095 Ulu Kelantan 026 096 State: Malacca Northern District (Alor Gajah)027 097 Southern District (Jasin) 028 098 Malacca Central 029 099 Administrative District Town Other ______State: Negeri Sembilan Jelebu 030 100 Kuala Pilah 031 101 Port Dickson 032 102 Rembau 033 103 Seremban 034 104 Tampin 035 105

State: Pahang Bentong 036 106 Cameron Highlands 037 107 Jerantut 038 108 Kuantan 039 109 Lipis 040 110 Pekan 041 111 Raub 042 112 Temerloh 043 113

State: Penang & Province Wellesley Bukit Mertajam (Central District) 044 114 Butterworth (Northern District) 045 115 93

Nibong Tebal (Southern District) 046 116 Penang N.E. 047 117 Penang S.W.048 118

State: Perak Batang Padang 049 119 Dindings 050 120 Kinta 051 121 Krian 052 122 Kuala Kangsar 053 123 Larut & Matang 054 124 Lower Perak 055 125 Upper Perak 056 126

State: Perlis Perlis 057 127

Administrative District Town Other ______State: Selangor Klang 058 128 Kuala Langat 059 129 Kuala Lumpur 060 130 Kuala Selangor 061 131 Sabak Bernam 062 132 Ulu Langat 063 133 Ulu Selangor 064 134

State: Trengganu Besut 065 135 Dungun 066 136 Kemaman 067 137 Kuala Trengganu 068 138 Marang 069 139 Ulu Trengganu 070 140

In this locality since birth 141 Sabah 142 94

Sarawak 143 Outside Malaysia 144 Not Known 145