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The Harassed Humanities

HEN SINCLAIR LEWIS, a brash young where what we discover is—precisely-—a Wman, was a senior in Yale Col- world of people almost totally untouched lege, he seriously considered continuing by the humanities. his studies in the graduate school and The world of Sinclair Lewis rests upon obtaining the Ph.D. in English litera- two observations: the standardization of ture. But he suddenly changed his manners in a business culture, and the mind and concluded his Yale diaries stultification of morals under middle- with the observation that "Humanity class convention. All his critical obser- outweighs the Humanities." Earlier in vations are marshalled in support of that year, in a similar mood, he had cop- these propositions, and his portrait of ied out as his motto the old Latin tag the middle class rests entirely upon them. that nothing that is human was alien to This is an extremely narrow perspec- him. And here we have, I think, a rather tive, but its narrowness projects a very tidy parable. The world created in the sharply defined image. "Life dehuman- novels of Sinclair Lewis is, essentially, ized by indifference or enmity to all an inhuman world. We cannot easily as- human values—that is the keynote of sume, to be sure, that had the young man both Gopher Prairie and Zenith," wrote gone on in pursuit of the Ph.D. in lit- T. K. Whipple thirty years ago in what erature, he would, as a practicing artist, remains one of the very few critical es- have been concerned to present a world says on Lewis. "... Nowhere does this in which humane values played a more animosity show itself more plainly than central role; indeed, he might have be- in hostility to truth and art. The creed come no novelist at all but merely an of both towns is the philosophy of boost- undistinguished professor. And yet, I ing, a hollow optimism and false cheeri- wonder. ... If he had truly imaginative ness which leads directly to hypocrisy, powers—was destined, I mean to say, to as in making believe that business knav- be a novelist, no matter what else hap- ery is social service. Toward ideas likely pened to him—and if his imagination to break this bubble of pretense the was capable of humanistic training, people are bitterly opposed; toward new would he have been so intent on pre- ideas they are lazily contemptuous; to- senting human experience at such a brut- ward other ideas they are apathetic . . . ish level as we discover in novels like intellectually both are cities of the dead, Main Street, Babbitt, The Man Who and in both, the dead are resolved that Knew Coolidge, Elmer Gantry? Human- no one shall live." Dead in the senses ity, he declared, was his concern; but if as they are in intellect and the affections, we open any of these novels almost any- these people are horrible ciphers, empty of personality or individual conscious- Dr. Schorer is Professor of English, ness, rigidly controlled by set social University of California, Berkeley. The responses; and yet, being dead, together original of this paper, now slightly re- they do not form a society in any real vised, was presented at the membership sense, but only a group, a group which meeting of ACRL, July 15, 1958, San at once controls them and protects them Francisco. Copyright Mark Schorer 1959. from the horrors of their own emptiness. Their group activities, whether as fam- must always except the figures of Doc- ilies, as clubs, as friends, are travesties tors Gottleib and Arrowsmith, with their of that human interchange that makes dedication to pure science and disinter- for meaningful social activities: conver- ested scientific research. This is also the sation is buffoonery, affection is noise, turn of the screw for the humanities. gaiety is pretense, business is brutal rush, I have lingered too long, perhaps, religion is blasphemy. The end result is with my man. And yet I know of no vacant social types in a nonsocial world. other figure who could better illustrate Quite brilliantly Whipple made the ob- our problem than he. This is, I have servation that Babbitt is set in Hell: "it said, a world devoid of humane values, is almost a perfectly conceived poetic untouched by the humanities. Invert its vision of a perfectly . . . standardized every negative and the humanities stand hinterland." before us—serene and poised, rich in The feeblest characters in Main Street experience and educated in the affec- and those most quickly routed, are the tions, individual and independent, just critics of its society, the discontented. and lovely—a goddess. If Sinclair Lewis Carol Kennicott's vaporous values are is my man, it is she who is my lady. hardly the humanistic opposites of the * * * stultifications of Main Street. The Bab- bitt who momentarily challenges Zenith Without quite intending it, I have does not so much present us with a scale suggested a sex for the humanities. The of humane values that we can oppose absurdity is apparent. By the term "the to the inhumanity of the environment, humanities" one means simply all those as he presents us with all the insecurity studies that try to understand the means on which Babbittry, or the environment, by which recording man—there are a rests. On the very fringes of the narra- number of ways of leaving a record— tive of Elmer Gantry, among his scores has recorded the state of his civilization of vicious characters, Lewis permits a from the earliest time until this moment. few shadowy figures of good to appear, In such a history, neither sex, male nor the amiable skeptics who are routed be- female, has priority. It is almost certain- fore they are permitted to enter the ac- ly true that in this history nothing is tion, but they are so weak that they pre- more important than the relationship be- sent no challenge to Elmer, serve only tween individual men and women. It is to illustrate the ruthlessness of Elmer's also certainly true that while this history power. The fact that there is never any preserves for us all that is heroic and real opposition of substantial values to tragic and magnificent in human expe- "convention," or false values (as there rience, it does so through preserving for is never any truly individual character us all that is gracious and gentle, charm- to resist the social types), is what makes ing, seductive, enchanting—the qualities Lewis' world so blank. In Elmer Gantry that one ordinarily associates with wom- we do not have even the earlier fitful an. I am reminded of an observation by glimmerings in the realm of reverie. This Alfred North Whitehead, when he is a world of total death, of social mon- wrote: "Many an ape man must have sters without shadow. snatched up a stone wherewith to hit Yet you will have observed that one somebody, either another man or another major novel I have not mentioned: this animal, on the head, without any re- is the climax of our parable. The novel flection upon the course of nature be- is Arrowsmith, and when we say that in yond the next few minutes. Also he Lewis' world there are no values, we might notice that some stones are better

102 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- than others as lethal weapons, and he lyze and describe the protean structures might even help them out by chipping of personality itself. The humanities in- them. He is then approaching civiliza- clude all that remains; but that whole tion. But he—or more probably, she— remainder rests on a single exclusion has crossed the great divide, when he made by each of the other disciplines: puts seeds into a patch of earth and the individual human being. Once this waits for a season." Note: more probab- was called his soul, sometimes it is called ly, she; so perhaps my unwitting attribu- his character, loosely it is known as his tion of sex is not so mistaken, since I personality, sometimes as his sensibility: suspect that it was at this moment, too, whatever it is called, it is that which that the humanities were born. This makes him him and no one else, that was the moment when humanity itself which sets him apart from the whole of discovered the possibilities of creation the biological record of the race, his and, with that, the fact of continuity. self, his very self, sets him apart from the Continuity is history or tradition, and whole or any fraction of society, even civilization is the history of continuous though, quite obviously, he exists and creation. This moment of discovery re- functions biologically, exists and func- peats itself endlessly in human expe- tions within society. Yet there is a resi- rience, and the individual humanist, the due that is forever reluctant to submerge devotee of the humanities, is born when- ever he makes the rediscovery. itself completely in these functions. This is individual man. I have used, too, the word serene, In each of these three areas of learn- which would seem peculiarly inappropri- ing, the end is the same, of course: ate to my title, The Harassed Human- ities. But, of course, it is not that vast knowledge; and in each, knowledge that body of wisdom and creative achieve- is as exact as can be. But there are differ- ment that comprises the humanities, ent orders of knowledge, as there are of that is harassed today; it is, rather, those truth, and I believe that only with the of us who serve the humanities, we who third area, the humanities, may we as- call ourselves humanists. sociate a term that is larger than "knowl- If we are to understand why the hu- edge." I mean wisdom. Wisdom cannot manist is or feels himself to be harrassed be taught. So a young man recently in 1959, we must first understand what learned when his $8,000 law suit against the humanities are and how they differ Columbia University for failing to teach from other branches of learning. Con- him wisdom was thrown out of court. ventionally, of course, learning is di- As no one can put a price label on vided into three parts—the sciences, the wisdom, so none of the learned dis- social sciences, and the humanities. The ciplines can teach it; but the humanities sciences are dedicated to the analysis and —which dedicate themselves to an ex- description of structures, including the ploration of the accumulated wisdom of human structure, and eliminating inso- the past, whereas both the sciences and far as possible any personal or personaliz- the social sciences are almost exclusively ing element. The social sciences, striving concerned with the facts of the present— toward the impersonality of the sciences only from the discipline of the human- proper, analyze and describe the struc- ities does wisdom sometimes emerge. ture of society, which is to say, man in his The sciences and the social sciences are group relationships. Between the two disciplines of measurement: they meas- stands psychology, which attempts to use ure and their results can be measured. the impersonal method of science to ana- When accuracy, exactitude, and measure-

MARCH 1959 103 ment are scrutinized for their human chine, would have every right to laugh worth, are scrutinized as values, the hu- in one's face if one spoke to them of manities are making the scrutiny. The their unique value and infinite potential- humanities cannot be measured, but they ities as human beings. Ruskin once said: give us the whole measure of man—man, 'As I go to my work in the British Mu- the infinitely various individual. seum I see the faces of the people become In our century, individual man will- daily more corrupt'; and if you stand ingly or unwillingly threatens to sub- in a London underground station dur- merge himself at last—in the vast me- ing the rush hour you are surprised at chanical processes of industry and war the number, not of the living but of and institutions if not in the cosmic the dead." Which reminds one, of course, holocaust itself. In a recent BBC address, of T. S. Eliot's lines in The Waste Land— Goronwy Rees spoke of this queer but "Unreal city, characteristic development in modern Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, times, the fate of the individual. He said A crowd flowed over London Bridge, in part: "If you walk through the pic- so many, ture galleries of Europe . . . and if you I had not thought death had undone look at the portraits of men and women so many." of certain centuries, you will see the The modern death. William James once faces of people who in some way seem said that there is very little difference to have satisfied every need of their own between one man and another, but that nature; faces that are proud and passion- what little there is, is important. What ate and self-assured, in which every fea- little there is is the difference between ture seems to be moulded by the per- life and death, between individual liv- sonality within; and especially if you ing and the death of mass conformity. look at the eyes, they are the eyes of The humanities know that what little men and women who, beneath all their difference there is, is everything, and pride and all their passion, seem to be not for the individual alone, but for the at peace simply because they are them- civilization of which he is a functioning selves. You may well ask what such faces part. Emerson saw the connection: have to do with us today, and more es- "Friendship and association are very fine pecially when modern portraits are things"—he wrote—"and a grand pha- often, for all their brilliance and beauty, lanx of the best of the human race, not expressions of personality but ab- banded for some catholic object. Yes, ex- stract constructions of planes and figures cellent, but remember that no society can and surfaces. The man within seems to ever be so large as one man. He, in his have vanished. Is it because he really friendship, in his natural and momen- has vanished or because the artist, for tary associations, doubles or multiplies reasons of his own, no longer sees him? himself, but in the hour in which he It may be that he really has vanished; mortgages himself to two or ten or twen- that we have entered an age when hu- ty, he dwarfs himself below the stature of man personality is, as it were, over- one." The motive of the humanities is shadowed by other forces; that the typ- to assist every man who will come to ical figures of our day, a clerk in an in- them to maintain "the stature of one." surance office, a businessman directing It is, perhaps, the very nobility of the activities of a thousand anonymous this aim when it confronts the social employees, a highly paid technician realities of the age that is the source of whose task in life is to serve an enor- our harassment. The age that claims mously complicated and expensive ma- most for individuality is in fact the age

104 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- that seems to have left least room for done a very good job. Even the Presi- it, that regards it with the least concern; dent, in that incredible prose which small wonder that the humanities should seems to bear some mysterious relation suffer, that the efforts of the humanist to our common speech, complained re- should in most quarters—many of them cently that his teachers in four different powerful—be ignored when they are not foreign languages had failed to teach him despised. There are, of course, many in- any one of them; and his remarks quite effectual humanists, just as there are properly led one correspondent to the bungling scientists and merely burbling San Francisco Chronicle to inquire, social scientists. One would not claim "What about English?" Meanwhile, pro- that all humanists are humane, or that fessional "educationists," both in the there are no humanists among men of colleges and in the high schools, resist science. To name a great living human- the institution of really adequate lan- ist among the latter one need only men- guage training and urge instead the tion Robert Oppenheimer, and one may centrality of courses in driver education, with cause suspect that it was the very home-making, hair styling, the use of de- humanistic character of this man—the odorants, "marriageable you," and other impulse to cultivate the whole of his forms of "life adjustment" that may suc- qualities of intelligence and feeling, the ceed in manicuring the "personality," as breadth of his interest, the determinedly it is called, but leave untouched—or de- free inquiry into areas beyond science— bauched—the human mind. We try to teach an understanding and inculcate that brought about his tragic history, an appreciation of the great creative which is, in fact, only our disgrace, as it forms of civilized man: literature, paint- is our loss. The scientific work of the ing, sculpture, architecture, music, and man of science, obscure as it may be to so on; and we are challenged with the most of us, is not questioned. The work unanswerable question, "What good will of the social scientist, while generally that do?" As for those larger aims that regarded as being less drastically im- an experience of the humane arts are portant, is nevertheless respected and to achieve—independence of mind and rewarded by public and official support. judgment, free inquiry into any area An enormous grant, for example, sup- of human enterprise, a sense of history ports the well-publicized effort to analyze and with it a delight in the endless and describe the sexual behavior of variety of human observation and ex- Americans. One might have thought perience, tolerance of differences and that, except for the workings of the sensitivity to the nuances of individual- creative artist, the sexual relationship ity, the "educated heart"—all these was the subject least susceptible to sci- seem more and more suspect to more entific analysis. Perhaps. Yet even now and more people, as the great majority another large grant supports, in Berke- of us desires above all to slide into the ley, a bureau to assess the creative per- vast anonymity of "the other directed," sonality. No, the social sciences do not in David Riesman's now famous phrase. lack either support or a certain daring And the final goal, which is the sum initiative. But the humanities, perhaps of all these, maintaining "the stature because they lack a comparable initia- of one" in every educated man and tive, seem chiefly to be the object of woman, seems to become the merest fan- attack. We try to teach languages—the tasy in the presence of all the prob- very cornerstone of humanistic inquiry lems that command our immediate at- —and perhaps demonstrably have not tention in the post-Sputnik world: who

MARCH 1959 105 can afford to read Homer when we and largely through their experience haven't learned to retrieve our missile there earn their advanced degrees. One mouse? And there are, of course, many does not begrudge the science student pressing immediate problems beyond such benefits, of course, but wishes only that one posed by our sense of the threat to call attention to the fact that nothing of Russian supremacy: recession and un- comparable is available to the student in employment and the stock market, cer- humanities, however brilliant. This is at ebral palsy and leukemia, juvenile de- first glance not surprising; at second linquency, political contests and political glance it is, since businessmen them- corruption, narcotics and alcoholism, selves today seem to feel that at least a mental health—these are but a few. But little humanistic experience is a good suppose science and social science solved thing—and so send their successful them all: that would still leave the hu- young men back to college or to insti- manities—and only the humanities—to tutes where they are expected to expose ask the question: for what end did you themselves for a time to those refining solve them? For what profiteth it a man graces of the mind that their intensive if he gain the whole world and . . . ? and exclusive training in business ad- No one is asking that question very ministration or electrical engineering or loudly today. The sense of urgency in some special form of industrial chem- solving measurable problems leads the istry had not earlier permitted. One may public to give its vigorous support to guess that it is too late to help form the sciences and the social sciences and those minds or to reform the values that almost none to the humanities. If you those minds contain. For, of course, while will examine the bulletin on graduate the humanities are concerned with the scholarships in the University of Cal- transmission of bodies of special infor- ifornia—or, I daresay, throughout the mation—and it is never too late to learn United States in any but possibly one or how Piero della Francesca saw the pos- two liberal arts colleges in the old New sibilities of light in painting as none of England pattern—and compare the num- his predecessors, even Masaccio, had, or ber of scholarships designated for bril- what a whimsical letter writer Mozart liant students in the sciences and so- was and how precisely he constructed a cial sciences as against brilliant students sonata, or how Henry James revised his in the humanities, you would discover novels for the New York edition, or who a ratio, I think, of no less than twenty- was Heidegger, or what Dylan Thomas five to one and, very likely, fifty to really meant by "Man be my metaphor" one. And scholarships no longer rep- —while the humanities are, of course, resent the full assistance. Since the Sec- concerned with dispensing such informa- ond World War, universities have wit- tion, that is not their end: their end is nessed an extraordinary growth in what the quality of the mind that holds, or is called "contract research," a term that even briefly held, that information, and designates a grant, often huge, from a the values that the information, even private industry or from government in after it has vanished from that mind, support of the solution of some special had indestructibly left there. scientific problem: the industry or the government will benefit from the results, "Too long a sacrifice but many a young graduate student in Can make a stone of the heart," science will also benefit as the professor said that magnificent humanist, William in charge is enabled to employ a whole Butler Yeats, who in his wonderfully group of students to staff his laboratory oblique way had many fine things to say

106 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- on the subject with which we are deal- suppose it would call the "well-rounded" ing. I feel impelled at this point to junior executive, from my starting point, quote his great poem, "The Leaders of which was the public recognition of the the Crowd"—and I will think of some sciences and the social sciences and the recent and some current leaders as I public indifference to the humanities. I read: had spoken of scholarships for graduate students, of "contract research," and "They must, to keep their certainty, now I would like to mention only one accuse more phenomenon of the same kind— All that are different, of a base intent; government support of academic pur- Pull down established honour; hawk suits. I will not bore you with statistics for news but only call your attention to the fact Whatever their loose fantasy invent that the National Science Foundation— And murmur it with bated breath, the chief means by which government as though encourages the teaching and the study of The abounding gutter had been sciences—exists now on a fabulous budg- Helicon et, and that while the private founda- Or calumny a song. How can they tions—Guggenheim, Carnegie, Rockefel- know ler, Ford, and so on—do what they can Truth flourishes where the student's to assist the mature scholar in the hu- lamp has shone, manities (while, generally, assisting And there alone, that have no those in the sciences with more munif- solitude? icent grants), they can do nothing to So the crowd come, they care not what help the young, brilliant, but still un- may come. proved graduate student, or the aspiring, They have loud music, hope every day talented, but still unsung artist. renewed, And heartier loves; that lamp is from I, who have been moderately fortu- 1 the tomb." nate in this last regard and am grateful, And so it is—that lamp: it is our history can speak of it without envy. At present (history is all a tomb); it is our civiliza- I am enjoying the most splendid assist- tion (much of it rediscovered in tombs ance by which I have yet been honored by scientists whose work has been or will —a fellowship in the Center for Ad- be explained by humanists or the hu- vanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, manists in themselves); and our self— and the solicitation there that attends which, strive as it may have through all every possible opportunity to facilitate its time to keep from solitude, arrives my research and my more general intel- there at last, alone, and either knows or lectual interests exceeds every dream of does not know why it is there, invited to mother love; but I cannot help feeling join history, the perspective of time, into a little rueful about my good fortune which no intellectual discipline except when I consider that the leavening of the that of the humanities could have offer- literary intelligence is limited (not by ed the initiation. stricture, perhaps, but so the fact is) to Forgive me. I have been amusing my- two of the fifty Fellows—a small cake of self with poetry, and I have wandered yeast in a considerable amount of dough. far in this digression that began with The Fellows are freed of all academic the present interest of industry in what I commitments for a year in order to pursue without interruption their own re- 1 The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats (New York: Macmillan, 1951), p. 182. Reprinted with permission search. So, at Berkeley, the Miller Insti- of the publishers. tute reduces the teaching load of certain MARCH 1959 107 scientists and social scientists to pursue son for the adoption of these terms by theirs. And so it is throughout the coun- practitioners of non-medical disciplines try. Does any comparable aid present is that 'physical science in general and itself to the humanist? Alas, almost none. medicine in particular have high pres- The uneasiness that many a humanist tige.' One feels compelled to speculate feels about being a humanist is largely that the humanities must be enjoying an the result of the condition that I have alarmingly low prestige in the public tried to sketch. The age, there can be eye for humane scholars to feel the need no question, is buying the sciences but of 'dignifying' their calling by borrow- is willing, at most, to bargain for the ing the most popularly fashionable terms humanities; so the humanist inevitably of medical science. . . . we have evidence feels unsure and sometimes shoddy. The here of the gradual and continuing de- most eloquent expression of his uncer- cay of the traditional humanist faith in tainty appears in the invasion of his pro- delayed judgments and fondness for the fessional vocabulary by scientific ter- manipulation of forms of moral knowl- minology. Words like clinic, laboratory, edge involving irreconcilable relativisms and in-service, Arthur Minton pointed and difficult paradoxes. This use of pseu- out seven years ago in the periodical do-medical terms in educational contexts American Speech, are now commonplace suggests that the liberal arts . . . are con- in educationist talk. Several years later, tinuing to surrender, under pressure, a in the same journal, Paul Fussell took up degree of their humanity and are con- the new use of the word interne. "We fusing their liberating function with the are"—he wrote—"apparently not soon scientist's search for empirical fixities to be spared the use of interne to mean and the physician's search for expedi- roughly what 'teaching fellow' has meant tious and positive cures. It is amusing, heretofore. The New York Times . . . at any rate, that modern American soci- carries an article headed 'College In- ety should reveal a consciousness of its ternships' which announces that Vassar own intellectual deformities and illnesses College has inaugurated 'a college teach- through this indiscriminate employment er internship program,' under which of terms once associated only with the 'each interne will have the rank of in- ailing." structor.' The article continues: 'The college plans to assign relatively light But I would ask Mr. Fussell, "Is it teaching responsibilities to internes so amusing? Or is it tragic beyond conjec- they may participate in special seminars ture?" I would guess the latter at the and inter-departmental conferences.' same time that I would say we need not The writer of the article has plainly select Vassar for our abuse. The tend- missed his opportunity for attaining to- ency that this enlightening note suggests tal consistency: these internes might may be found everywhere in the human- more effectively have been presented ities. The Library of Congress, I believe, hustling about to special clinics, assid- now offers internships to promising li- uously comparing findings in inter- brarians. We have a new department of departmental laboratories, and even tip- what is presumably humanistic learning toeing, clipboards in hand, into lying-in, called linguistic science. A new fashion Or examination rooms. ... As the odor in literary scholarship is to apply statis- of ether and green soap ascends over the tical methods to syntax, vocabulary, and Vassar campus, we are left with the duty punctuation. And you people, after all, of interpreting this linguistic phenom- have manufactured a degree called Mas- enon. Mr. Minton suggests that one rea- ter of Library Science when, surely, li-

108 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- brarianship can in no remotely accurate rificed to the gray and savage wash of sense be associated with what is generally mass conformity. In a new book, Wright meant by science. "It is a tragedy of con- Morris contemplates the now famous temporary society," wrote Allen Tate, sentence from William Faulkner's Nobel "that so much of democratic social the- Prize address, "I believe that man will ory reaches us in the language of 'drive,' not merely endure, he will prevail"; and 'stimulus,' and 'response.' This is not the Mr. Morris observes quite properly that language of freemen, it is the language of these words generate more heat than slaves. The language of freemen substi- light. He continues: "More convincingly, tutes for these words, end, choice, and it seems to me, Mr. Faulkner also spoke discrimination. Here are two sets of anal- of our fear of annihilation, but I be- ogies, the one sub-rational and servile, lieve it is survival—the wrong kind of the other rational and free." But science survival—that haunts the mind of the is respectable, and with it, its lingo, artist. It is not fear of the bomb that and we all seem to feel protected if we paralyzes his will—a fear, that is, that can huddle under its flag. "Must we?" man has no future—but, rather, a dis- the fighting remnant of the humanities quieting and numbing apprehension that demands. "Can one not fly one's own such future as man has may dispense flag, announcing only and always 'the with art. With man, that is, such as we stature of one?' " And many a human- know him, and such, for all his defects, ist, harassed, has replied, "No"; his as art has made him. It is the nature of convictions fall with his proper vocab- the future, not its extinction, that pro- ulary. But statistics do not show that, duces in the artist such foreboding, the with driver education, motor accidents prescient chill of heart of a world with- are fewer, or that, with courses in life out consciousness." adjustment, teen-agers are less delin- I have been reminded by my friend, quent. More important, perhaps, is the Howard Mumford Jones, to whose sub- fact that fewer and fewer people, in stantial thinking on this subject so much proportion to the number coming off the of my more flighty generalization is in- educational production line, wish to be debted—I have been reminded by him teachers, and fewest of all, perhaps, of the pathos—the real emptiness—in teachers of the humanities. the old age of the great Charles Darwin, when he came to regret the "loss of the * * * higher aesthetic tastes": "My mind seems to have become a kind of machine The loss is tragic. Harass us to death for grinding general laws out of large col- and many others will die. I do not think lections of facts, but why this should I am being melodramatic; certainly I have caused the atrophy of that part of have no wish to be. Nor am I being only the brain alone, on which the higher metaphorical, but literal too. Metaphor- tastes depend, I cannot conceive. A man ically, I mean that, for myself at least, it with a mind more highly organized or would be like death to exist without better constituted than mine, would not, some experience of those "life-enhancing I suppose, have thus suffered; and if I values"—to use the phrase of that wor- had to live my life again, I would have thy ancient or ancient worthy, Bernard a rule to read some poetry and listen to Berenson—those life-enhancing values some music at least once every week; for that only the arts can give us. It would perhaps the parts of my brain now atro- be the death of the Sinclair Lewis world, phied would thus have been kept active where all is grotesque buffoonery, where through use. The loss of these tastes is a every individual quality has been sac- loss of happiness, and may possibly be

MARCH 1959 109 injurious to the intellect, and more prob- knowledge, especially in the area where ably to the moral character, by enfee- science is applicable to warfare—and bling the emotional part of our nature." where is it not?—has far outstripped Darwin, at least in his youth, enjoyed our moral and our social intuitions. We those "tastes," and in his age he regret- have developed instruments of destruc- ted their loss because he knew their tion that we are apparently without pow- value. Today, with the decline of respect er to control. The social and moral infor the humanities, most of us are never tuitions are not developed in cyclotrons enabled to enjoy them at all, and there- or through the intricate operations of statistical computers: they are developed fore we cannot even regret their ab- only through a continuing exposure of sence. Most of us today have no experi- individual intelligence to the history of ence at all of that great reservoir of hu- civilization, are maintained only through manitas—to use Roy Harvey Pearce's the continuing capacity of individuals word from a recent brilliant article— to identify themselves with that history. which is the treasure house of art. And Only the humanities can provide the op- so most of us have no notion whatever portunities. And I will go further and —to quote Roy Pearce again—of "what say that since only the humanities, of we could have been if we had not be- the several disciplines, enable the indi- come what we are." This, I declare, is vidual to identify himself with the his- a state of walking death. tory of civilization, only the humanities S0ren Kierkegaard, the theologian and can preserve civilization. forerunner of existentialism, said that The immediate problem was dra- "The task of the human being is to be- matically illustrated only a few months come what he already is." Really, only ago by the request of the new French more positively, he was saying what Pro- government that it be assisted in the fessor Pearce says. All that a human manufacture of atomic weapons—and being can aspire to, he meant, is the the announcement that it would manu- development of his humanity. To deny facture them, with or without assistance one's own human potentialities the —a perfectly justified demand, let me right to growth, whether through lazi- say. Since the end of the Second World ness or apathy or practicality or stupid- War, in the armed truce that exists be- ity or fright—to deny what comprises, in tween this country and Russia, it has fact, the greatest part of one's human been the hope of military men to main- potentialities, is in effect to murder tain a balance of power through the ac- them. This is the great modern mass celerating efforts of scientists. But now suicide. In a mood of mystical reverie, we face that prospect of seeing such a one of D. H. Lawrence's heroines mused balance to be the impossible thing that with frightening foresight, "And would it is, as small nations become as power- the great negative pull of the Americas ful as the greatest. Last summer in Ge- at last break the heart of the world? neva military men and scientists gath- . . . Charmless America! With your hard, ered to discuss the whole nightmare sit- vindictive beauty, are you waiting for- uation, and now politicians have gath- ever to smite death? Is the world your ered to carry on from those discussions, everlasting victim?" but when the frame of reference shifts Lawrence brings us, then, to the literal from technique to policy, the implausi- consideration of death. Some years ago bility of remedy becomes apparent. We Alfred North Whitehead—another great have reached the extremity—the real ex- humanistic scientist—pointed out what tremity, the issue between civilization we all know today: that our scientific (Continued on page 134)

110 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- By WILLIAM R. HAWKEN

Developments in Xerography: Copyflo, Electrostatic Prints, and O-P Books

RADE NAMES are often useful in dis- equipment became commercially avail- Ttinguishing a product of a particular able (1950), Hodgson described the proc- company from a similar product of a ess in detail and suggested a number of different company. The need for this possible library uses.4 By 1953 several li- kind of differentiation, however, ob- braries had acquired Xerox equipment scures similarities or even conceals iden- for reproducing catalog cards from typed tities, and we find ourselves talking copy or from LC proof sheets.5-6 In other about individuals of the same species as library applications it has proven its if they were genera. This has been espe- value as a mean of producing paper mas- cially true in the field of documentary ters for offset printing.7 Its use in the reproduction where, in one instance, a production of association bulletins8 and single process masquerades under at least an abstract bulletin9 has been described. seventeen different trade names.1 A new In the new method called Xerox manifestation of this is beginning in ad- Copyflo, the basic principles are no dif- vertisements for reproductions variously ferent from those employed in simpler called "Copyflo" prints, "Electrostatic forms of xerographic copying. A ground- Prints" and "O-P Books." We are not ed selenium plate possessing special pho- dealing here with three different proc- toconductive properties is exposed to a esses: all three are simply xerographic corona discharge in the dark which imprints from microfilm produced by parts a uniform electrostatic charge to means of an automatic, continuous mi- its surface. When the image of a docu- crofilm enlarger called "Xerox-Copyflo."2 ment is projected through a lens onto The purpose of this article is to describe the surface of this charged plate, light this particular method of reproduction, reflected from the white background to discuss some of its advantages and areas causes the charge to be dissipated limitations, and to provide other in- to ground, while in the image areas formation of a kind which may help which have not reflected light the charge librarians, archivists, and other docu- remains, thus creating what is called an mentalists to employ this new method "electrostatic latent image." The plate effectively and economically. is then cascaded with a black powder Xerography is not new to the library 3 world. Shortly after Xerox copying * J. G. Hodgson, The Use of Xerography in Libraries (Fort Collins: Colorado A. & M. College, 1952). 5 1 W. R. Hawken, "The Diffusion Transfer Process," J. G. Hodgson, Xerography in Reproductive Process MS. Paper read at the meeting of the Copying Methods for Libraries (Fort Collins: Colorado A. & M. College, 1953). Section, Resources and Technical Services Division, 6 America Library Association, 77th Annual Conference, J. H. Dawson, "Xerography in Card Reproduc- San Francisco, July 13-19, 1958. tion," CRL, XV (1954), 57-60. 7 2 Registered trade-mark of Haloid-Xerox, Inc. B. H. Weil, "Xerography: Dry Photographic Copy- 3 Registered trade-mark of Haloid-Xerox, Inc. ing," in Information Processing Equipment, M. P. Doss, ed. (New York: Reinhold, 1955), pp. 105-14. 8 J. G. Hodgson, "The Use of Xerography for As- sociation Bulletins," Library Periodicals Round Table Mr. Hawken is Head, Library Photo- News Letter, I (1954), 6-7. graphic Service, University of California, 0 M. G. Wright and R. C. Gremling, "Abstract Bulletin Xerographic Short Cut," Special Librariesy Berkeley. XLV (1954), 250-51. 145 MARCH 1959 which clings by electrostatic attraction to Crerar, Newberry, and University of Chi- the charged image areas, rendering the cago libraries began supplying such en- image visible. This powder image is then largements to clients of their photo- transferred, again by electrostatic attrac- duplication services. The Newberry Li- tion, to a sheet of plain white paper and brary's experience with this method is then fused to the paper by heat to prompted Ben C. Bowman, assistant li- form the final copy. In ordinary xero- brarian at Newberry, to suggest this graphic copying the successive steps are method as a solution to the bad-paper performed manually. "Copyflo" is simply book problem. He cited as an example the name given to a machine which per- the complete reproduction of a 110-page forms all of these operations rapidly, book by this process at a cost of less than automatically, continuously, and at a five dollars, and suggested ways in which much lower per-print cost than has been a wider and better coordinated use of hitherto possible by other photographic this method might benefit all libraries faced with the bad-paper book prob- methods. 10 There are three models of Copyflo lem. equipment available, one of which re- In 1957 the Library of Congress and produces only from microfilm, another the National Library of Medicine ac- only from loose-sheet originals, and a quired Copyflo machines for the produc- third which combines both of these function of photocopies of materials in their tions. Copyflo Model 1 reproduces single collections. positive copies continuously from 35mm. In October 1957, University Micro- or 16mm. roll microfilm, positive or neg- films, Inc., announced that they had ac- ative (but not intermixed), perforated or quired a Copyflo machine and could sup- imperforated. The enlargement range is ply enlargements from their extensive from seven to twenty-four diameters in collection of master negatives, or from 11 fifteen steps. Copyflo Model 2 reproduces microfilms sent to them for printing. single copies of opaque or translucent Half-size (5i/2" x 8i/£") enlargements originals at ratios from 46 per cent to from their file of master negatives of doc- 200 per cent of original size. The max- toral dissertations were offered at a flat 12 imum width document which can be re- rate of four cents per page. In 1958, produced is twenty-four inches (reduced University Microfilms, Inc., offered to 46 per cent of original size in copy- a further service called "O-P Books," ing). Copyflo Model 3 combines all of or "OPb." By working out agree- the features of Models 1 and 2 and is ments with a number of publishing interchangeable from microfilm to orig- houses in the United States, copies of inal document operation and vice versa. out-of-print books are supplied in the The rate of output for all three models form of enlargements produced from is the same—twenty linear feet of paper microfilm by means of Copyflo equip- per minute. ment at a flat rate of 31/2 cents per page for octavo-size pages measuring 6i/g x 93^ When Copyflo equipment first became inches or less. This price includes a soft available in 1956, some of the larger paper binding.13 Wagman has pointed commercial microfilm service companies acquired Model 1 machines to provide 10 Ben C. Bowman, "Xerography, Possible Solution enlargements from microfilm at rates to the Bad-Paper Book Problem," CRL, XIX (1958), 185-86. which were substantially lower than 11 "Xerography Comes to U-M—'Electrostatic' Print- those for the silver halide photoprints ing from Film," Microcosm, III (1957), 1-2. 12 E. B. Power, " 'Printing' in Editions of One," formerly supplied. By using the services Microcosm, III (1957), 4. 13 O-P Books: Cumulative List as of Jan. 1959. (Ann of one such commercial firm, the John Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, Inc., 1959.)

112 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- out that in many instances the cost of re- problems must begin with an under- producing out-of-print books by this standing of certain interrelated physical, method in editions-of-one will not ex- technical, and economic factors which ceed the purchase price of a volume on impose limits on its usefulness. the second-hand book market where there is a competing demand.14 PHYSICAL FACTORS In 1958, the Recordak Corporation, Size one of the first commercial firms to ac- In Copyflo printing, a roll of micro- quire Copyflo equipment, began to ad- film 16mm. or 35mm. in width becomes a vertise "Electrostatic Prints" in library roll of enlarged paper prints ranging in 16 publications for making low-cost full size from 4i/2 to 11 inches in width. size reproductions of books. The format of the pages and frames on The various announcements and ad- the completed roll of paper prints is ex- vertisements, particularly those stressing actly that of the microfilm. The size of the unusually low cost of the prints pro- the original documents and the format duced, naturally attracted considerable framing, spacing, and alignment of the interest on the part of librarians. This successive images are therefore factors interest was heightened by the appear- which must be considered in the produc- ance of an advertisement for "O-P tion of microfilms for subsequent print- Books" which included a testimonial by ing with Copyflo equipment. Verner Clapp, President of the Council Format on Library Resources, in which he was quoted as follows: "A magnificent Documents may be filmed in any one achievement—O-P Books solves the out- of the four formats shown in Figure 1. of-print book problem."15 The selection of the best filming position It is in the nature of advertisements will be determined by the size of the to state in very brief, attention-getting original and the size of the reproduction terms what a particular machine or desired, always keeping in mind that di- mension "A" cannot exceed 11 inches in process can do, and any examples of the final print. quality or cost are usually taken from ideal instances. Ascertaining what the Position 1A. Single pages 11 inches in limitations of a process might be, what width and of any length can be repro- things it specifically cannot do, or what duced full size by Copyflo. Wider pages the costs might be under average rather which are capable of yielding an accept- than optimum conditions is usually able reproduction when reduced to 11 much more difficult. In the case of Copy- inches may also be reproduced in this flo, a number of limitations exist which, format. for certain types of materials, will rule Positions IB and 2B. Single or double it out as a possible method of reproduc- pages 11 inches in height can be repro- tion, whether from existing microfilms duced full size, larger pages in reduced or from original documents. The effec- size. tive use of the Copyflo method as a li- Position 2A. If the width of two pages brary tool and any evaluation of its ef- does not exceed 11 inches, the material fectiveness in solving the out-of-print can be reproduced full size. Larger mate- book or other documentary reproduction rials will be reduced to the 11-inch maximum. In filming loose sheet material, 14 F. H. Wagman, "The Copyflo Process and the Problem of Out-of-Print and Deteriorating Book doubling the frame length will permit Stocks," Microcosm, IV (1958), 1-2. 15 CRL, XIX (May, 1958), inside cover. This ad- 18 One laboratory offers 12-inch paper but states that vertisement has also appeared in other publications. the printing surface is "11 inches approximately."

MARCH 1959 113 FIGURE 1

MICROFILM POSITION CHART t •* IA 1 / 2A _ 1 Single Page/Double Frame Double Page/Single Frame (Text parallel to short axis of film) (Text parallel to short axis of film) r rT" 1 t•< •< IB 1 2B - 1

Single Page/Single Frame Double Page/Double Frame (Text parallel to long axis of film) (Text parallel to long axis of film) the filming of four pages per exposure on microfilm will reduce both labor and in this format. materials costs. As shown in Figure 2, a microfilm of 3 x 5 cards properly aligned Framing and Spacing can be reproduced on a roll of 5-inch Even at moderate ratios, the reduction paper, whereas cards filmed without re- in size achieved in microphotography is gard to alignment may require 7- or 8- so great that film space is frequently used inch paper. It will also be seen that carelessly and prodigally. It is not un- prints of unaligned images will require common to see a film of a series of short more labor in cutting and trimming. articles separated from each other by a Binding Margins foot of blank film. If such a film were enlarged ten diameters, the nineteen While lateral control for positioning one-foot spaces would become 190 feet of the projected image on the roll of paper waste paper which would add consider- is possible with Copyflo equipment, the ably to the cost. Excess film used for best practice for obtaining additional spacing should be spliced out before paper area for binding margins is to pro- printing. vide for it in the positioning, spacing, Framing and spacing between frames and alignment of images during filming. also should be carefully controlled. One- In photographing large pages from eighth inch of excess frame space on each bound volumes in position 1A, the side of 600 frames enlarged twelve di- pages should be offset to the right. Using ameters would require almost 150 feet positions IB and 2B, increasing the of additional paper. In using cameras length of the frame will provide the de- such as the Recordak or Kodagraph Mi- sired margins. Using position 2A, the crofile Models C, D, and E, in which the volume can be offset to the right if only spacing between frames is controllable, a left-hand margin is required. If a fold- the spacing should be adjusted to a mined format is to be used, the magnification imum. of the image can be controlled to provide a margin. A 9-inch image width for Alignment of Images the two-page format, when printed on 11- Careful alignment of successive images inch paper, will provide an additional

114 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- inch on both sides. An 8-inch image FIGURE 2 width will provide U/2 inches of margin on each side, and so on. Enlargement Ratios

The degree of enlargement obtainable with Copyflo equipment is not adjust- able over a continuous range. There are ten fixed magnification steps for 35mm. film—7, 71/2, 8i/4, 9, 9i/4, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. Additional magnification steps of 17, 18, 19, 22 and 24 may be used for enlarging from 16mm. microfilm. If documents are to be reproduced to the process is a continuous one, abrupt exact size of the originals, the reduction changes in density within the roll of ratio used in filming must correspond microfilm cannot be compensated for by to one of the listed magnifications. changes in exposure.

TECHNICAL FACTORS Permanence Reproduction of Illustrations Since the powder image which is fused The electrical characteristics of the to the paper is reported to be as perma- xerographic process are such that a nent as the paper itself,17 xerographic charge can be held by the selenium plate enlargements on a high quality rag-stock as a "line" image but cannot be held paper should be as durable as any docu- over large solid areas such as are found ment ever produced. in continuous-tone illustrations. For example, if a black area one-inch square is ECONOMIC FACTORS reproduced, only a shadowed outline of the square would appear. The center Equipment and Operating Costs would be white. Although a method ex- Unlike other reproduction methods ists whereby solid-tone areas can be such as blueprints and diazo, square "held" in making single-copy reproduc- footage of paper and cost do not stand tions by xerography, this is not possible in a fixed relationship in printing by with present Copyflo equipment. The re- means of Copyflo. At the present time production of materials which contain Copyflo equipment is priced far beyond significant continuous-tone illustrations the reach of all but the largest libraries. such as scientific journals cannot, there- The Model 1 machine may be purchased fore, be successfully accomplished by outright for $52,500, may be rented by this method. the month for $1,250 or may be rented Density on a "Meter Plan" for $800 per month. The monthly rental under the "Meter Copyflo printers are capable of print- Plan" entitles the user to only twenty- ing from a wide latitude of background five hours of machine running time dur- densities. For the best results, however, ing the month. Additional running time a background density of 1.2 plus or is charged for at a rate of fifty cents per minus 0.2 is desirable. Good contrast minute up to a maximum monthly ren- between image and background areas is 17 R. M. Schaffert, "Xerography and Xeroprinting," equally important. Because the printing Penrose Annual, XLIV (1950), 96-99.

MARCH 1959 115 tal of $2,050. Machine running time is though the total square footage of paper therefore the principal cost factor in used is virtually identical. printing by Copyflo. Because the ma- Commercial Sources chine running time is always the same regardless of the width of the paper used, Because of the high costs of Copyflo prints are significantly cheaper if the equipment, libraries which wish to have full width of 11-inch paper can be used enlargement prints from microfilm made to maximum advantage. The selling by this process must turn to one of the price for 1,000 feet of 11-inch paper commercial laboratories offering this prints as given by one commercial firm service. At the present time there are is only 814 per cent greater than for twenty-one Copyflo installations in this 1,000 feet of 51/4-inch paper prints, even country at the following locations: Ann though twice as much paper is used. Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilms, To give a specific example of how this Inc.; Atlanta, Georgia, Recordak Corpo- can affect costs, let us assume that a ration; Cambridge, Massachusetts, Gen- Copyflo reproduction is to be made of eral Microfilm Company; Chicago, Illi- a book having 1,000 pages 51/4 inches nois, Xerox Processing Laboratories, di- wide and 7 inches high. Five hundred vision of Haloid-Xerox, Inc. and Re- exposures would be required to micro- cordak Corporation; Dallas, Texas, Re- film this book. If position 2-B were used, cordak Corporation; Denver, Colorado, full size prints could be made on a roll Dakota Microfilm; Houston, Texas, of paper 7 inches wide. Allowing an ex- Southern Microfilm Company; Long tra inch of paper for spacing between Island City, New York, Remington- frames, each print would measure 7 x 12 Rand, Inc.; Los Angeles, California, Re- inches. Five hundred prints would there- cordak Corporation, and Microfilm fore require 500 feet of 7-inch paper. If Company of California; New York City, position 2-A were used, full size prints New York, Xerox Processing Laborato- could be made on a roll of paper 11 inch- ries, division of Haloid-Xerox, Inc. and es wide. Again allowing an extra inch Recordak Corporation; Redwood City, of paper for spacing between frames, California, Mark Larwood Company; each print would measure 8x11 inches. Saint Louis, Missouri, Recordak Cor- Five hundred prints would thus require poration; Saint Paul, Minnesota, Dakota a total of 333 feet of 11-inch paper. Fig- Microfilm; San Francisco, California, ured at commercial rates, 500 feet of 7- Recordak Corporation, Branco's Graph- inch paper would cost 41 per cent more ic Arts Service and George Reproduc- than 333 feet of 11-inch paper, even tions; Seattle, Washington, Mark Lar-

TABLE I

PRICE RANGE OF COPYFLO PRINTS FROM SIX COMMERCIAL SOURCES*

PAPER ORDINARY 24 # 100% 90# 25% PAPER OFFSET WIDTH SULPHITE BOND RAG STOCK RAG STOCK MASTER STOCK

5" $46.25-69.30 $81.73— $84.40— 6" $47.30-70.38 $82.66- 99.19 $85.33-102.40 8i/2" $49.05-73.20 $85.00-102.00 $87.67-105.20 9" $49.40-73.74 $85.46— $88.13— 10" $50.00-74.88 $86.40-103.68 $89.07-106.88 $100.00-138.88 11-12" $50.80-76.02 $87.33-104.80 $90.00-108.00

* Price per 1,000 feet uncut.

116 150 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- wood Company; Syracuse, New York, to the prices shown. A single cut merely Hall and McChesney, Inc.; Washington, to separate the prints will vary in cost D. C., Recordak Corporation and Rem- from $3.75 to $5.33 per thousand prints. ington-Rand, Inc. Other firms have A second gang cut to bring the prints Copyflo machines on order. Information to uniform size will cost from $1.25 to on additional sources of Copyflo prints $2.67 additional, per thousand prints. may be obtained from Haloid-Xerox, Third and fourth cuts, where required, Inc., Rochester 3, New York. add still further to the total cost. The Paper Stocks minimum charges in effect at some of the laboratories may make the reproduction Copyflo prints can be supplied on a of small quantities of material prohibi- variety of paper stocks, including 20- and tively expensive. Minimum charges of 24-pound white sulphite bonds, 90- $15.00 per order are not unusual. pound sulphite, 24-pound 100 per cent rag, 90-pound stocks having a rag con- SUMMARY tent of 25, 50, or 100 per cent, 120-pound 100 per cent rag, linen ledger, a translu- Copyflo equipment has made possible cent vellum 100 per cent rag, and short the production of permanent enlarged run paper offset master stock. To make prints from microfilms on a variety of paper offset masters from microfilm standard paper stocks at costs which are negatives, the originals should be filmed substantially lower than previous meth- under glass in position A-l in a frame ods. The process is well suited to the area 16 inches long to provide the neces- reproduction of text and line drawings sary 15 inches for the length of the but does not yield satisfactory copies of master. Successive images should be care- continuous-tone illustrations. Other phys- fully aligned to minimize registration ical, technical, and economic factors problems in the offset printing process. place further limits on its utility. Since Masters thus prepared are not slotted the largest single cost factor is machine or perforated. Users whose machines operating time, careful attention to the have pin bars must perforate or slot the arrangement, spacing, framing, and masters to fit their machines. alignment of images is necessary if the maximum in efficiency and economy is Costs of Copyflo Prints to be realized. The cost of the equipment Prices for Copyflo prints obtained is such that most libraries must depend from commercial sources show consider- on commercial services. The usefulness able variation. The range for thousand- of the method in solving documentary foot rolls of prints for a few typical sizes reproduction problems can be deter- from six commercial sources is given in mined only if its limitations as well as Table I. Cutting charges are in addition its capabilities are understood.

National Union Catalog of MSS

The Council on Library Resources has made a grant of $200,000 to the Library of Congress to initiate work on a National Union Catalog of Manuscript Col- lections. The immediate goal of the grant is to bring together consistent descriptions of some twenty-seven thousand known collections of manuscripts in over seventy-five cooperating depositories and to print and sell catalog cards describing each collection. It is the hope of the Council "that this catalog will eventually record all collections of manuscripts held by libraries and archives in the United States."

MARCH 1959 117 By CHARLES JELAVICH

Slavic Studies and Library Acquisitions

HE AMERICAN PUBLIC recently has provoke the American public to extend Tbeen made aware directly of the deep their facilities for the acquisition of significance of developments in eastern knowledge concerning their competitors, Europe for their own individual inter- the following pages will be devoted to ests and security. Hitherto, many Amer- a discussion of some of the problems at icans have been relatively complacent present connected with Russian and East concerning their moral and physical su- European studies and the library re- periority over the Soviet Union. Popular sources which are available on the sub- accounts and widely publicized statistics ject. The basis for the following observa- seemed to indicate clearly that the tions is some of the problems encoun- United States was far ahead of the Soviet tered, first, during the course of the sur- Union and would maintain that suprem- vey at present being conducted by the acy for years to come. The confidence Sub-Committee on the Review of Rus- which was shared by most Americans was sian Studies under the auspices of the suddenly and dramatically destroyed by Joint Committee on Slavic Studies, and, the sputniks which enabled each of us in- second, on the simultaneous survey of dividually to see that although the Rus- the Slavic materials available in Amer- sians might lack chrome and fishtails on ican libraries, which has been carried on their cars, or might even lack private by the Committee on Slavic and East cars at all, they could still obtain tremen- European Studies of the Association of dous successes in the scientific field, and Research Libraries. These comments will in an area of great military significance. probably be of interest primarily to the The advent of the sputniks has caused universities and libraries which at pres- not only a reappraisal of our own edu- ent do not have extensive library col- cational system, but it has again brought lections in the Slavic field but which are to the fore the vital necessity for the contemplating possible expansion. continuation and rapid expansion of the It should be emphasized immediately study of the Slavic world by Americans that at present the level of American re- and of the need for the continued ac- search on the basic subjects in the Slavic quisition of research materials which will areas is very high indeed. The past years enable us to judge accurately life and have produced a great expansion in the society in that area. number of students interested in Slavic In view of the reawakened interest in studies and an impressive number of Slavic studies and with the hope that the publications in the field have recently obvious challenge of Soviet power will appeared. American weakness is chiefly shown in the fact that study in the Slavic field has concentrated in a few disci- Dr. Jelavich is Associate Professor of plines and in relatively few centers. A History, University of California, Berke- well-known European scholar who came ley. This paper was presented before the to the United States several years ago meeting of the ALA Resources and Tech- was tremendously impressed with the nical Services Division, Acquisitions Sec- scholarly and scientific knowledge avail- tion, July 17, 1958, San Francisco. able concerning Russia and eastern Eu-

118 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- rope, but he was astonished by the al- part of the world. Even those connected most negligible impact which this has with radio and the newspapers suffered had on American public opinion. It is from the lack of competent observers therefore the recognized task of those in and analysts. It was also painfully obvi- the Slavic field to try to introduce Slavic ous that with the exception of the na- studies on a more extensive basis tive Russians there were far too few in throughout the country and to make the the United States who knew the Rus- results of scholarly research available to sian language. a wider public. Under the impetus of the new position Despite the present high level of ac- in which the United States now found complishment, Slavic studies in the itself, a number of the universities acted United States are of relatively recent quickly to provide facilities for further growth. Prior to 1914 only three or four training in the Slavic area. Institutes American scholars were interested in and centers were established at Califor- Russia and only two or three libraries nia, Columbia, Harvard, and Washing- concerned themselves seriously with the ton. Despite their size and importance collection of materials from that part universities were immediately faced with of the world. Although from 1919 to serious problems concerning personnel 1939 an increasing number of scholars and library acquisitions. In addition to became interested in the Soviet Union, the financing of the centers devoted to only a few of them were able to travel Russian and East European studies, ap- in eastern Europe or carry on serious propriations had to be made to cover research. Very little was accomplished expansion within the existing depart- as far as disseminating information on ments. Fortunately, the universities re- the area to the American electorate. ceived considerable encouragement and The period between the wars did, never- support from the foundations, in partic- theless, bring to the United States a ular, from Ford, Rockefeller, and Carne- large number of political refugees, gie. As a result of the initiative taken by among whom were some excellent schol- the universities and the financial contri- ars who contributed to our knowledge butions of the foundations a remarkable of the Soviet Union. Within the State degree of success was achieved during the Department several individuals, among succeeding decade. them, best known to the public, George In 1948 the American Council of Kennan and Charles Bohlen, became Learned Societies and the Social Science vitally concerned with Russian prob- Research Council organized the Joint lems. However, despite certain advances, Committee on Slavic Studies. The pur- Slavic studies by 1939 had not progressed pose of this group was to study the prob- to a satisfactory degree. Thus in 1945, lems connected with Slavic studies and when the United States assumed its pres- to provide guidance in future research. ent position of international power and The committee eventually obtained responsibility, both the government and funds which enabled it to publish the the universities were in a difficult situa- excellent collection of extracts from the tion. The government agencies were so Russian newspapers and journals en- desperate for Slavic specialists that some titled Current Digest of the Soviet Press, of them were willing to accept those to hold scholarly conferences on sub- with even a meager knowledge of eastern jects of particular interest in the Slavic Europe. The universities also realized field, to subsidize publications, and to that they would need to accelerate the offer grants-in-aid for research purposes. training of specialists in this significant In 1957 the Joint Committee decided

MARCH 1959 119 that a survey should be made to deter- gion, science, and the fine arts. Second, mine what had been accomplished in the committee decided to investigate the the past and what should be done in the library holdings and the problems re- future. Some of the major questions ex- lated to the acquisition of Slavic ma- amined were the following: Had the terials and the financing of the collec- needs of the Slavic field been met? Was tions. Since it was clearly realized that the research which had hitherto been the success of Slavic studies and, in par- conducted properly focused? What fields ticular, research in the Slavic area would of investigation still had to be ex- depend directly on the materials avail- amined? Should there be more research able in American libraries, the commit- centers for the training of future schol- tee obtained the cooperation of the As- ars? Should more Master's and doctoral sociation of Research Libraries which candidates be trained and would these agreed to oversee such a study. There- individuals obtain positions once they after, Melville Ruggles of the Council had completed their work? Would the on Library Resources and Vaclav Mo- administrators continue to provide funds stecky, then of the Catholic University for Slavic studies or would the contri- School of Library Science, conducted a butions of the past and the present sup- survey of library resources in the Slavic port eventually cease? Would the Amer- field. In the course of their investigations ican libraries continue to be provided they visited over forty libraries and with the funds necessary to acquire in- sent detailed questionnaires to approx- dispensable research materials? imately five hundred others. Third, questionnaires were sent to all former stu- To conduct this survey a committee dents of the various Russian area centers was organized under the chairmanship and institutes to gather their views con- of Professor C. E. Black of Princeton, cerning their training and experiences with Mr. John Thompson of the Social and to request suggestions for the im- Science Research Council as staff. Other provement of the training of Russian members of the committee included rep- specialists in the future. Fourth, a ques- resentatives from the universities of Cali- tionnaire was distributed to the major fornia, Columbia, Harvard, Indiana, and universities concerned with the Slavic Washington and a representative from field asking for certain statistics and in- the library field. After carefully studying formation on graduate education in Rus- the problems involved, the committee sian studies. Fifth, Professor Black and agreed upon five major steps. First, it Mr. Thompson visited jointly or sep- was decided that on each of the ten arately more than fifteen of the major major disciplines a recognised scholar American universities working in the in the field should be asked to write a Slavic field to ascertain what programs report of from twenty-five to thirty the universities were offering, what inter- pages appraising the accomplishments of ests the faculty had, what plans were the past within his own field and indicat- being formulated for the future, and ing what areas of research still had to what were the problems confronting the be investigated. This report was in turn universities. The results of the survey, sent to two outstanding scholars in the which was begun in the fall of 1957, same discipline, one specifically not in were discussed in three meetings held the Slavic field, for their observations by the committee: in December in New and comments. The ten disciplines cov- York, in January at Harvard, and in ered were economics, geography, history, March at the University of California, political science, literature, social rela- Berkeley. A majority of the scholars in tions, linguistics, philosophy and reli-

120 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- the United States interested in Slavic it urgent that subject matter pertaining studies were able to attend at least one to the Slavic area be introduced into the of these meetings. Discussions were held undergraduate level at all colleges, not concerning the preliminary findings and in just those specializing in the Slavic draft reports were examined. The re- field, and even into the high school cur- sults of these meetings and of the work riculum. The analogy of the scientist of the committee as a whole will appear is here clearly appropriate. The scientist during 1959. demands that the student learn mathe- The preliminary unofficial statistical matics at an early age; the social scien- results of the survey indicate that in tist, the humanist, and now, too, the sci- the postwar decade the major work in entist wish him to know Russian as soon the Slavic area has been accomplished as possible. In order to determine how at five major centers: California, Colum- material on the Slavic world could be bia, Indiana, Harvard, and Washington. introduced into the colleges and how the Seventy doctoral candidates have been problem was to be dealt with on the produced and over seventy more are local level, the committee undertook a now working toward this degree. There pilot survey of undergraduate education have been also over five hundred Master's in Indiana in cooperation with Indiana degrees. Of the doctoral candidates 25 University. The purpose of this study per cent have been in history, 25 per was to bring together representatives of cent in the languages and literature, and the thirty-four universities and colleges 19 per cent in economics. With respect in Indiana to discuss the problems of to placement, 20 per cent are now teach- area studies and the interest of these ing, 25 per cent are in government and institutions in this field. It is hoped that academic research, and 27 per cent in the results of this study will provide operational government positions. The a guide for the universities and colleges remainder have gone into the fields of in other states. In addition, the com- radio, newspaper, business, law, and ad- mittee, during the academic year 1958- ministration. 59, plans to investigate the question of Slav studies at the high school level, in- In addition to a study of the reports, cluding the problem of language train- the committee has discussed the ques- ing. tion of the future direction of Slavic studies. The immediate postwar pro- Throughout this review of the Slavic grams were inaugurated with the princi- field in the United States it was clearly pal purpose of providing for the de- apparent that the success of Slavic stud- mands of the government and the aca- ies now and in the future would de- demic community. Although these depend largely on the library resources mands have not been completely filled, available. The research scholar, the gov- the need is not as acute as before. How- ernment worker, the teacher, are all de- ever, in many respects the problem has pendent on the willingness and ability now become more complex. No longer of individual libraries to develop and can Russian and East European studies enlarge their collections. As Slavic studies be regarded as esoteric subjects of inter- are of necessity extended into lower edu- est only to the Department of State and cational levels it is important that all university intellectuals. Instead, Russian libraries, whether connected with educa- and East European studies are clearly tional institutions or with the cities, rec- of interest and importance to all Amer- ognize the necessity of acquiring the icans. The challenge of Russia as a great standard works in the field. The survey power and in the scientific field has made on library resources, which will be pub-

MARCH 1959 121 lished in the winter of 1958-59,1 brought ropean countries have similar bibli- to light the unfortunate fact that Slavic ographies, as for instance, the Jugoslav materials are concentrated in the United Bibliografija Jugoslavije. It should be States in a relatively few centers and that noted here that these publications re- even these are not able to cover the field. main the best source for new material Mr. Ruggles and Mr. Mostecky received published in the Slavic countries. 545 replies to their questionnaires from As far as the acquisition of material libraries having some Slavic materials; is concerned the usual method of pur- they conducted forty-six interviews with chase and exchange has been found most librarians and users of libraries through- satisfactory. Favorable conditions have out the United States. As a result of their meant good acquisitions, but a period of study it appears that in the United States political tension has resulted in a severe there are approximately 1,500,000 mono- decline of deliveries of new material. graphs, 70,000 periodicals and 3,000 news- Both purchase and exchange are affected paper holdings. Of this material nearly in this case. 60 per cent is in the Russian field, which Another problem confronting librar- indicates that there must be an expan- ians is that of cataloging. In fact, it has sion in the acquisition of materials from been a deterring factor in some univer- non-Russian eastern European states. Of sities which would otherwise be inter- the materials available over 40 per cent ested in acquisitions in the field. Li- are to be found in university libraries, brary of Congress cards have proved in- over 25 per cent in government libraries, dispensable, but, at the same time, a about 15 per cent in special libraries, cataloger must be available who can use such as the Hoover Library in Palo the Slavic languages. Library schools, to- Alto, and over 15 per cent in public li- gether with the area centers and insti- braries, such as the New York Public tutes, should encourage more students Library. These figures sound impressive, to enter the field of Slavic bibliography. but they really are not. It is obvious that Any individual who has command of American libraries cannot afford to pur- the Russian language can with a little chase everything, nor is it desirable that additional preparation handle any of they do so. However, the survey clearly the other Slavic languages with the de- indicates that our acquisitions could be gree of fluency necessary for the catalog- improved in quality and coverage. In the ing of books. choice of materials to be purchased it After a thorough study of the library was revealed that very few universities facilities has been completed, it seems have a systematic process of selection, that it will be possible to make some whereas most purchases are made on a specific recommendations. For instance, haphazard basis, usually upon the rec- the libraries should retain the principal ommendations of individual faculty responsibility for selection of materials, members who are chiefly interested in thereby providing the maximum degree material in their field of research. Only of continuity in acquisitions. Although a handful of American libraries use as librarians should consult with faculty a guide to book selection the comprehen- members, they should not rely exclusive Soviet publication Knizhnaia Leto- sively on their recommendations. For pis, which lists the trade and society those libraries which are interested in publications. Almost all of the East Eu- maintaining a strong Slavic collection, the two excellent monthly acquisition 1 A brief summary of the survey, written by Mel- lists published by the Library of Con- ville Ruggles, appears in the October 1958 issue of The Library Quarterly. gress, The Monthly Index of Russian

122 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- Accessions and the East European Acces- mum amount of research material on all sions Index, should be followed as well phases of life in Russia. as the bibliographies of the various The problems of the institutions which Slavic countries. In addition, each li- feel that they cannot make extensive pur- brary should have at least one bibli- chases of Slavic publications and yet ographer with a knowledge of a Slavic wish to give satisfactory courses in the language, preferably Russian. As far as area are very important. To meet this acquisitions are concerned, each library need it has been suggested that the must determine its own needs and the specialists in the Slavic field, as well as funds which it believes should be spent. those for the Far Eastern, Moslem, and All libraries, however, whether they are African areas, which suffer from similar university, college, or city libraries, conditions, draw up a list of books whose should have at least some books dealing total cost would be between $300 and with Russian history, and printed in $500 which every library should have Russian, as well as grammars and other as the indispensable minimum for the aids for the teaching of the Russian satisfactory education of our students as language. Every opportunity should be future citizens. If the individual student made available to the young American is encouraged to become interested in to become acquainted with the Russian the Slavic world, he will be influenced language and Russian history. to continue his studies on the graduate In addition to this, since it is clearly level. It is to be hoped that the colleges evident that all libraries cannot buy and smaller universities will thus be- everything that is published, the major come a recruiting ground for future centers should undertake an extensive scholars in the field. It is recognized loan arrangement with other libraries. It that it is of the utmost importance that is quite apparent that today many ex- future Slavic studies and interest in the cellent scholars teaching in colleges and subject be as widespread as possible universities away from the large librar- throughout the country and not centered ies are unable to continue their research so completely in the present major in- in the Slavic field because of a lack of stitutes. material. The libraries must be willing Both the surveys of Slavic studies as to loan extensively and on a coopera- a whole and the libraries in particular tive basis to those who are unable to have clearly revealed the importance of use their facilities directly. the attitude of the university and college In order to assure that the libraries administrator toward the expansion and in the United States as a whole cover development of Slavic studies. It is most all categories of Russian publications, important that the individual librarian particularly those in the less developed and faculty member convince the univer- disciplines, it has been suggested that sity administrator with whom he is most the universities adopt a system similar closely concerned that it is of vital ne- to the Farmington Plan. Under this the cessity that the study of the Slavic world libraries would agree to purchase books be expanded and developed. Certainly, by disciplines. It appears that with the the degree of accurate scholarship and exception of economics, history, govern- intelligent knowledge reached by Amer- ment, and literature, the current hold- icans in the future will be directly re- ings are far from satisfactory. The divi- lated to the research materials and gen- sion of the less popular subjects among eral works available in American librar- the libraries would assure that we would ies. The demands of national security have within the United States the maxi- and the need of the individual who

MARCH 1959 123 wishes to be better educated, and thereby as a major task by the universities and become a more effective citizen, can be libraries throughout all of the states. In satisfied only if the libraries meet their this matter the contribution of the librar- obligations. It is to be hoped that in the ian to American security and the fur- future the expansion in Slavic studies therance of research and knowledge in and the acquisition of material on the this country can be more important and Slavic world will not only continue in decisive than that of the military or the the large centers, but will be recognized scientist.

Micro-Publishing Projects

A Sub-committee on Micro-publishing Projects was established at the 1958 San Francisco conference by the Resources Committee of ALA's Re- sources and Technical Services Division. The sub-committee will serve "as a coordinating body to which publishers who wish to inaugurate micro-publishing projects may turn for advice from librarians, and to which librarians may turn for advice when they are considering purchas- ing proposed micro-publishing projects." The sub-committee has requested Richard B. Harwell, Associate Exec- utive Director of ALA, to provide a focal point for its activities. Mr. Har- well will maintain a file of proposed micro-publishing projects and will be in a position to coordinate work by informing sponsors of projects whether or not similar projects are underway elsewhere. He should be addressed at the American Library Association, 50 East Huron Street, Chica- go 11, Illinois. A note to him listing projects now active or proposed will be of considerable help in establishing an effective record of current activities and available micropublications. In his report for the Committee on Resources of RTSD at San Fran- cisco, Chairman Ralph Ellsworth noted: "The sub-committee will offer to explore with any sponsor or producer of microcopy the relative merits and potential market for any specific proposal, and advise as to whether a given project is really needed in its originally proposed scope and form, or whether some more selective scope or different format or other solution might be better. The sub-committee will also serve as a channel for inviting the consideration of producers in discovering ways and means of bringing into being other worthwhile microcopy projects suggested by librarians and scholars, or developed from studies of needs undertaken by the sub-committee itself." The sub-committee consists of the following individuals: Edward B. Stanford, Librarian, University of Minnesota Libraries; Herman H. Fus- sier, Director of Libraries, University of Chicago; George Schwegmann, Chief, Union Catalog Division of the Library of Congress; Rudolf Hirsch, Assistant Director, University of Pennsylvania Library; Frederick H. Wagman, Director, University of Michigan Library; Mr. Harwell; and Raynard C. Swank, Stanford University Libraries, who is chairman of this sub-committee.

124 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- By JANE C. BAHNSEN

Collections in the University of North Carolina Library Before 1830

STUDY HAS recently been made of unit in the North Carolina Collection A the earliest holdings of the Univer- of the University of North Carolina Li- sity of North Carolina Library and a brary, carrying out a suggestion of Miss survey taken of the volumes surviving Mary L. Thornton, librarian of the after at least 130 intervening years. Cat- North Carolina Collection until her re- alogs and other records dated before tirement on June 30, 1958. 1830 were the guides to hundreds of the The volumes sought for this "Old originally listed copies and to replace- Library" representation had belonged ments of hundreds more. in the early days to three separate col- On December 5, 1792, the beginning lections. Administrative officials of the of the University of North Carolina Li- university fostered the first of these, de- brary was recorded at a meeting of the pending on appropriations from the Board of Trustees: "A book entitled trustees, fees collected from the students, 'the works of the right revered father in and gifts, which by 1797 had accounted God Thomas Wilson D.D. Lord Bishop for 133 volumes. Two student organiza- of Sodor and Man' was presented to the tions, formed in 1796, began at once to board by the Honle. John Sitgreaves build their own libraries. The Dialectic Esqr. agreeably to a resolution of the and the Philanthropic Societies, "willing Congress of the United States passed to cultivate lasting Friendship . . . and March 22nd 1785 which was accepted."1 to promote useful Knowledge,"2 counted The book had previously been deposited most of the student body among their for safekeeping in the library of the New members, dominated student life, and Bern Academy to await the opening of for many years supplied the chief extra- the university, and perhaps the trustees curricular activities. Their weekly pro- never reclaimed it, for no mention of it grams consisted of recitations of passages occurs in lists of university holdings a from literature, readings of original com- few years later, but almost 2,300 of the positions, and debates on subjects rang- volumes to come to Chapel Hill during ing from the political and sociological the next thirty-seven years have been to the moral and philosophical. Their identified in the library's present collec- books were both the source of their in- tion. A representative portion of them, spiration and the material expression in well preserved leather bindings and of their intellectual pride. The societies bearing the original bookplates, have thrived on competition with each other: been brought together to form a special And what is told of one library may be 1 Minutes of the Board of Trustees, Dec. 5, 1792, in the University of North Carolina Archives, Southern told of the other, for they were as much Historical Collection. alike as the teeth of the upper and the lower jaw, and as often came into colli- Miss Bahnsen is Assistant Librarian of the North Carolina Collection, Univer- 2 Minutes of the Dialectic Society, 1798-1804, in the University of North Carolina Archives, Southern His- sity of North Carolina Library. torical Collection.

MARCH 1959 125 sion. When one library got a book the is a total of 1,112 separate works, con- other must have the same book, only more sisting of more than 5,000 volumes. 3 handsomely bound, if possible. The information about each book was entered in a card file in the brief form, The societies' collections, financed by usually the binder's title, in which it membership dues and augmented by appeared in one or more of the three gifts, soon surpassed the university li- lists, the number of volumes, and, in the brary in quantity and quality as they case of gifts, the donor's name. For books made its needs less acutely felt.4 They from the Dialectic Society, an additional belong, their independence notwith- clue lay in that catalog's arrangement of standing, in the search for the origins of titles in classifications of history, biog- today's library because in 1886 they were raphy, "epistolary," etc. The name of absorbed by the university library, whose the library or libraries which held copies bookplates have ever since carried the was indicated on each card. Checking phrase "Endowed by the Dialectic and the file against today's card catalog Philanthropic Societies." showed many of the titles still to be in As bases of the search for the original the library. For these, full author and volumes, The Catalogue of the Dialectic title entries were recorded, together with Society Library and The Catalogue of the call number if publication predated the Philanthropic Society Library, print- 1830. Sometimes more than one modern ed at Chapel Hill in 1829 and 1827, re- entry appeared to fit the original speci- spectively, were chosen because they ap- fications as to title, date, and number of peared in close succession at a relatively volumes, and in such cases all possibili- early date. Since no list of the same pe- ties were noted. No effort was made to riod exists for the university library, one find more than one copy or one edition appearing in the December 7, 1802 issue of any title. of the Raleigh Minerva has been used. Comparisons make it apparent that the Often the brevity and content of the society libraries largely paralleled the original listing made identification university collection, and it is unlikely through the card catalog difficult or im- that a catalog of university library books, possible. The relationship between early had one been compiled in the 1820's, and modern entries may be deeply con- would have added many titles to the cealed. The title listed as "Amherst's combined lists mentioned above. The Embassy," for example, was found to be Dialectic Society Catalogue includes 934 Journal of the Proceedings of the Late titles, or 2,680 volumes; The Philan- Embassy to China . . ., by Sir Henry Ellis. thropic Society Catalogue, 753 titles, or "Nature and Art" is the old entry for 2,485 volumes; and the Minerva, 108 Wonders of Nature and Art, by Thomas titles, or 340 volumes, as well as the col- Smith. A work of fiction is sometimes lective entries: "174 volumes chiefly in listed under its subtitle. Many entries the French language" and "Horace, Vir- are too vague ever to be identified, such gil, Sallust, Greek Testament, and other as "Anecdotes, 1 vol." or "French Rev- School Books." Allowing for titles occur- olution, 1 vol." "Orsna's Expedition" ring in more than one of these lists, there (The Expedition of Or sua, by Robert Southey) is an example of either mis- spelling or typographical error, while 3 William Hooper, Fifty Years Since (Raleigh: Holden and Wilson, 1859), p. 13. Adam for Adams and Sullivan for Suli- * Each society library held about 3,000 volumes in 1835, and the university reported 1,900 volumes in van are misleading inaccuracies. Fortu- 1836 —Kemp P. Battle, History of the University of North Carolina (Raleigh: Printed for the author by nately, a little experience in the stacks Edwards & Broughton Printing Co., 1907-12), I, pp. soon made it possible to spot the leather 408, 410.

126 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- bindings of about the proper age, and of contemporary dates and are predom- the lettering on the spine was an imme- inantly American and English (and diate clue to identification; but it is im- there are somewhat more of the Amer- possible to know how many rebound ican than of the English). A few of the volumes could not be found in this man- American imprints, usually on theolog- ner. ical subjects, carry subscription lists. More than 900 of the volumes (repre- Novels are, almost without exception, senting 380 titles), in good condition and less than nineteen centimeters in height in their original bindings, with book- and in two or three volumes. Paper and plates or inscriptions indicating the col- typography are generally of good qual- lections with which they had been listed, ity. were withdrawn from the stacks to form More than 1,400 other volumes (280 the special Old Library collection. Call titles), named in the early lists and iden- numbers, date-due slips, and other marks tified by their bookplates as pre-1830 of modern processing were removed. All holdings, remain in the main stacks, the but the earliest bookplates were taken rare book room, and the departmental out—and sometimes five or six had been libraries. Call numbers, complete en- pasted on top of one another. Loose tries, and bookplate evidence were re- bindings and pages were made secure corded in the card file used for the and the leather was oiled. After the cat- search, but the books were not added aloging had been revised, small gummed to the Old Library collection because labels with new call numbers were they are needed in their present location placed on the front covers where they or because they lack their original bind- would be out of sight when the books ings. In addition to these, about 2,000 were shelved, and bookplates of the volumes (82 titles), named in the early North Carolina Collection were pasted lists and published before 1830, are in inside the back covers. This was consid- the library today but came from sources ered sufficient marking for volumes to other than the pre-1830 collections, or be vised only in the building. The books show no evidence of having been in the were placed on open shelves in rooms library at that time. Undoubtedly some furnished in eighteenth-century style are the original copies with bindings adjoining the reading room of the North and bookplates replaced. Carolina Collection. They are available There are 370 titles in the early lists, for use there or in carrels. A separate representing 847 volumes, which cannot shelf list records, in addition to full cat- now be found in the library in any edi- alog data, the entries used in the pre- tion dated before 1830, but an effort 1830 lists, the name of the libraries was made to supply complete author and which held copies, and all information title data for these. In most cases this given on the first bookplates. could be done with the aid of the Li- The books chosen to be shelved to- brary of Congress catalog, the British gether in this special collection present Museum catalog, and The English Cat- a picture of the physical nature of the alogue of Books, although the comple- 1830 library resources available in Chap- tion of some of the sketchy original en- el Hill. The original bindings are in- tries is questionable. It has been as- variably leather, mostly in shades of sumed, for example, that "Wonders of brown, but occasionally black, and often the World" is an entry for Book of with attractive yellow, green, red, or Curiosities, or, Wonders of the Great black labels. A few marbled lining- World, by John Platts, published in papers appear. Most of the imprints are London in 1822; and that "Guion and

MARCH 1959 127 Cowper" is probably Poems, by Jeanne novelists. Scott, Cooper, Goldsmith, and Marie Guyon, translated by William Fielding are among the most plentifully Cowper and including some of his po- represented, but—surprising in the etry. man's world of this young college—the A bibliography has been compiled of "romances" of a number of female writ- the books known to have been in the ers appear: seven titles by Anna Maria library before 1830.5 It includes the Porter, Paired—Not Matched, by Mrs. volumes which may be replacements, as Ross, Fashionable Involvements, by Su- well as those known to be the original sannah Gunning, and others. The soci- copies, the latter differentiated by add- eties had strong collections also in his- ing the call number for the present loca- tory and biography, and in voyages and tion. A supplementary list contains the travels to all parts of the world. Their titles not found in today's library, com- works on elocution and collections of pleting, if possible, the old-style binder's oratory must have been useful to the titles. Both lists show the wording of the weekly speakers, with such current peri- old entries, the libraries originally hold- odicals as Annual Register, North Amer- ing them, and the number of volumes ican Review, and Edinburgh Review to of each work. Together, these compila- supply timely topics. The lively interest tions record the literary content of li- in world affairs is conspicuous in trea- brary resources at the university before tises on politics, economics, and law, 1830 and suggest some comparisons and and in the biography and memoirs of statesmen and military figures. Special tentative conclusions. attention is devoted to France from the The catalog of the university library Revolution through the Napoleonic pe- printed in the Minerva of 1802 indicated riod. a small but valuable collection. More than half the books were gifts, including A rough estimate can be made of the "the American edition of the Encyclo- distribution by Dewey subject classifica- paedia, elegantly bound, 18 vols.," large tion of the books investigated by this works in history by Hume, Smollett, study. Allowance must be made, of Gibbon, and Rollin, and a set of maps. course, for the lack of information about The collection is overbalanced in the- the university collection between 1802 ology, however, by a gift of 174 volumes and 1830. About 8 per cent would fall of religious tracts. The remainder of pur- in Religion and in Social Science (300- chases and gifts reaches into every field class); 36 per cent are in Literature, 26 of knowledge: strong in philosophy, po- per cent in History, and 12 per cent in litical science, history, and the Greek Biography. There is very little in Fine and Latin classics, but weak in belles- Arts and Technology, only about 3 per lettres with only Tom Jones, Don Quix- cent in Natural Science, and slightly ote, and "a volume of plays." more in Philosophy. On the other hand, the society librar- It is a temptation to speculate as to ies a quarter of a century later showed the books for which no original copies their special functions of supplying re- were found. Those of a textbook nature, sources for their programs and for light particularly Greek and Latin, were un- reading. The classification of literature doubtedly worn out, as were dictionaries is their largest, ranging from Shake- and encyclopedias. Original copies of speare and Milton to the contemporary ephemeral fiction survived in greater number than the works of Scott and B Jane C. Bahnsen, "Books in the University of North Carolina Library Since Before 1830" (Type- Cooper. Collections such as Flowers of written manuscript, University of North Carolina Li- brary, 1958). Wit and Elegant Extracts may have been

128 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- overworked for society readings. No fire less dramatic processes of weeding and took its toll, although for many years discarding, as new writings and new edi- the books were housed on the third floor tions crowded out the old, have left no of a building heated by thirty-two open record. fireplaces. The largest single disaster These piecemeal analyses and observa- occurred in the depredations by occupations are far from adequate to illustrate tion troops and vagrants following the the beginnings of a great academic li- Civil War. "The Halls & Libraries are brary. In terms of the hopes and hard- broken into at all times," wrote Cornelia ships of the young nation of the early Phillips Spencer in 1871, "& I am told nineteenth century, it was a great library the Phi Lib . . . has its books scattered then, drawing largely on the literary 8c torn all over the building.6 Whether wealth of the Old World from Aristotle those deeds were simple vandalism or to Adam Smith, from Xenophon to Vol- purposeful thievery is not indicated. The taire, from Dante to Byron—but listen- ing to the New World's John Adams, 6 Cornelia P. Spencer, Selected Papers. Edited with Washington Irving, and James Feni- an introduction by Louis R. Wilson (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953), pp. 659-60. more Cooper.

The New Book Rate and Policy on Interlibrary Loan of Dissertations

The Committee on Microfilmed Dissertations of the Association of Research Libraries has urged the librarians of the country, as a matter of policy, to purchase microfilm copies of doctoral dissertations accepted by American universities when they are available from University Microfilms in lieu of requesting the interlibrary loan of typewritten copies of these dissertations. Several inquiries have been received recently regarding the effect of the new postal book rate on this recommended policy. It seems to be the assumption that hitherto the cost of shipping a dissertation by express to and from the borrowing library had been sufficiently close to the cost of a positive film copy to warrant relieving the university libraries of this interlibrary loan burden. Now that typed dissertations may be mailed at a low book rate, this argument apparently has lost its validity. It is the view of the Committee that the existing system should be continued despite the fact that the dissertations may now be mailed at a low postage rate. There still remains the high cost of charging the dissertation to the borrowing library, wrapping it, receiving it when it is returned, and discharging it. At the borrowing end there is the additional cost of record keeping and of wrapping the dissertation for return. It is the view of this Committee that although these costs are concealed in some institutions, they are sufficiently high to justify continuation of the present more convenient system which centralizes the interlibrary loan work on doctoral dissertations included in the ARL program through the pvirchase of positive microfilm copies from Uni- versity Microfilms.—Ralph E. Ellsworth, Ralph A. Sawyer, and Frederick H. Wagman.

MARCH 1959 129 By CECIL K. BYRD

School for Administrators: The Rutgers Carnegie Project

IBRARY SCHOOLS offer only limited and entirely unsuited for the missile age. L training to students for administra- A lamentable state, a condition that has tive responsibility in libraries. Matteoti, caused real concern to those in the pro- who had a penchant for classifying things fession who take the long and reflective academic, had he lived, would probably look into the future when more and have arranged contemporary library ad- larger libraries will demand greater num- ministration courses in a most system- bers of highly skilled administrators. atic manner. There would have emerged Lowell A. Martin, then dean of the in his scheme the "cover-all" variety of- Graduate School of Library Service at fered in a vacuum by instructors whose Rutgers, showed concern over the prob- actual administrative experience oc- lem. His interest in the educational as- curred sometime between the Spanish- pects of library administration is well American War and the Bull-Moose cam- known and of long standing. Under his paign. Or, contrarily, the dynamic, hu- direction the library school at Rutgers man-relations oriented course taught by experimented with several types of re- the scholar-teacher whose contacts with alistic management training programs current administrative needs and prac- for practicing librarians. The educa- tices are maintained through the medi- tional theory supporting this Rutgers um of visits with the professional elite movement seems to rest on the belief in hotel corridors at library conventions, that librarians serving in administrative gleaned by attendance at work-shops, or positions, and still resilient enough to are painstakingly distilled from the latest learn, benefit not only themselves but treatise on "scientific" management. Gen- the profession generally by participating erally, the educational background and in a program tailored to cover intensively lack of experience and maturity of the current library administrative problems, students prohibits full profit even of the practices, and theories. There is convic- most superlatively organized and con- tion that the growth and development ducted library school course. Tradition- of libraries in the last thirty years and ally, library administrative talent has the resulting fragmentation of services been drawn from the ranks—from per- has brought a host of problems the solu- sonnel whose opportunity for additional tions of which call for enlightened and training beyond the degree stage has more informed management at every been largely limited to the on-the-job level within the profession. One of these variety. This practice has led to what experiments was reported by William B. may be called a nose-to-the-grindstone Ready in his "The Rutgers Seminar for philosophy of library management that Library Administrators" (CRL, XVIII is characteristically visionless, haphazard, (1957), 281-83). • | r .. . - .. - This is an informal report on the most Dr. Byrd is Associate Director of Li- recent "school for administrators" or ex- braries, Indiana University. ecutive training program conducted by

130 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- Rutgers, March to June, 1958. It was de- The first week, March 3-8, was spent scribed in the literature available to the at Rutgers in what might be termed participants as the Carnegie Project in briefing or indoctrination sessions. Li- Advanced Library Administration. The brarians and staff members from the co- Rutgers registrar labeled it as "Field operating institutions appeared to de- Course—Library Administration, 702." scribe each institution's libraries in gen- This program differed in many respects eral, and to discuss in full the study to from the one reported by Mr. Ready: It be made by the fellow assigned there. In was financed by a grant from the Car- between these appearances in seminar negie Corporation; there were only eight and in informal conclave, meal times students; all came from libraries which and evenings, the group discussed, are members of the Association of Re- argued, debated, and, occasionally, vehe- search Libraries; the curricular emphasis mently disagreed on the major problems was primarily, but not wholly, on indi- confronting contemporary research li- vidual field work. braries: buildings, use of space, staff, More specifically the experiment was acquisitions, cataloging, public service, finance, growth, and interlibrary cooper- a combined seminar and internship af- ation. At times these discussions almost fair of twelve weeks: three of seminar, reached the intellectual breadth and seven of field work, and two devoted to emotional intensity of those that char- field trips. With the cooperation of the acterize ARL meetings; for a few sec- libraries of Rutgers, Princeton, Pennsyl- onds, in charting future developments, vania, Johns Hopkins, New York Pub- the stratosphere of the Council on Li- lic, Columbia, Harvard, and Yale, a mu- brary Resources was reached. While the tually agreed upon topic, broad in scope student of "scientific" administration and generally relating to common prob- might aver the discussions related mostly lems in other research libraries, was as- to operations and hardly at all to man- signed to each student for intensive study agement theory they were beneficial and and reporting in one of the eight librar- the topics discussed are primary prob- ies. lems to be faced and solved by library The following librarians were selected management, now and tomorrow. Thus to participate and were inducted as fel- indoctrinated and buttressed with what lows at New Brunswick on March 3, one fellow described as "the best year's 1958 for additional training: Cecil K. course in administration ever compressed Byrd, associate director, Indiana Uni- into a one hundred and twenty hour versity Libraries; William Harkins, asso- work-week," the fellows departed to ciate director, University of Florida Li- their assigned libraries for field work. braries; Gustave A. Harrer, assistant director, Stanford University Libraries; For one month the staffs of eight great John McDonald, assistant to the director, eastern libraries patiently answered ques- Washington University (St. Louis) Li- tions, supplied reams of data, conducted braries; Natalie Nicholson, executive as- tours, and acted as social hosts to the sistant to the director of libraries, Massa- fellows while they viewed, contemplated, chusetts Institute of Technology; Wil- questioned, surveyed and, sometimes, liam Pullen, then assistant librarian for meditated. Byrd labored at Columbia on technical processes, University of North space requirements for books, readers, Carolina Library; Richard Shoemaker, and staff for Columbia libraries for the librarian, Dana Library, Rutgers Uni- next generation. Harkins reviewed the versity; James Skipper, assistant direc- building program of the University of tor, Michigan State University Library. Pennsylvania. Harrer battled with relo-

MARCH 1959 131 cation, storage, and rejection of materials it criticized and enlarged upon. Staff at Harvard. McDonald scrutinized the members at each library most familiar problems of library organization and with the subject matter of each fellow's service in a decentralized university— study were available freely for lengthy Rutgers. Nicholson worried and fretted and helpful consultation. Finally the over centralization of science libraries opportunity to roam, question, and dis- at Johns Hopkins. Pullen studied and cuss administration in the eight libraries puzzled through selective acquisitions at was in itself educational. There are com- Yale. Shoemaker demonstrated what im- mon management practices in all re- pact cataloging at the source would make search libraries which, if made known on technical processes at Princeton. Skip- and formalized, could and would be per investigated interlibrary cooperation applicable in all types of libraries. in the New York metropolitan area. (If The demand made by these group vis- Professors Metcalf and Martin decide the its on library time and energy must have reports in final form are genuinely pro- been considerable. The librarians and vocative and have general relevancy they staffs of the cooperating libraries never will be published as a volume at a later lost equilibrium and, indeed, were so date.) gifted in the art of hospitality that they Although the topics assigned to the even appeared to enjoy the presence of fellows for study represented a concen- Metcalf and entourage. All went beyond tration on a particular, and sometimes the normal professional courtesies and pressing, library problem of one of the provided the touring fellows with lunch- eight institutions, and though most were es, dinners, and other forms of gastro- approached from an applied rather than nomic entertainment that were enjoy- a theoretical avenue, all related in some able, convivial, and fattening. degree to administration as it is currently Somewhat road-worn the fellows de- practiced in research libraries. It can be parted from Johns Hopkins on April 24 quickly noted by reviewing the topics to return to their respective libraries that none dealt with narrow segments for three weeks additional study and the of library operations. All demanded a task of putting reports in preliminary fairly comprehensive grasp of the library written form. complex at each institution. Problem The period from May 16 to noon of solving of this type seems, to this re- May 29 at Rutgers was devoted to reporter, the best possible training for porting and further seminar lectures and library management. discussions on library administration. At the end of one month in the field One full day was allowed for each re- the fellows gathered at Harvard, April port. The preliminary written report 7, for the beginning of a tour of each was read before the group and the chief of the cooperating libraries. Beginning librarian, usually the associate librarian with Harvard two days were spent at as well, of the institution where the study each of the libraries in the following was made. Librarians were given first order: Yale, Columbia, New York Pub- opportunity to correct, amend, agree, or lic, Princeton, Rutgers, Pennsylvania, disagree with the reporter, after which and Johns Hopkins. These visits or in- the fellows and teacher commented free- spection trips served a three-fold pur- ly. Following this rather formal session, pose. The resident fellow was given an a closed seminar was given over to dis- opportunity to discuss his special study cussing the strength and weakness of in detail both with the group and key the report. The critical comments and members of the library staff and to hear suggestions for changes provoked by

132 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- these post-mortems proved helpful to the ity and a passion for good living. An- fellows in writing the final draft of their other admitted to "An immensely broad- reports. ened understanding of what I, as a li- Any assessment of the program must, I brarian, am about and how to do it, presume, start with the leadership and gained from discussions with many top- in final analysis be somewhat subjective. flight librarians, from observation of Those who have known Keyes Metcalf other fine libraries, and in particular, as a librarian may have been impressed from close association with one of the with his seriousness, devotion to duty, world's great librarians and the finest knowledge, and unflagging zeal for the group of fellows (and one woman) I've profession. To have known him as a ever met." A non-speculative but keenly classroom teacher was a privilege granted realistic fellow "felt that I acquired to only a few—too few. As a teacher I much practical, valuable information. like to think the real and hidden Met- Certainly the seminar talks were a train- calf was revealed. He brought to his ing in getting to the heart of problems latter-day profession all of his accumu- and taking the long forward look." lated knowledge plus a genuine and con- The two humorists-laureates of the tagious enthusiasm—a prime requisite group described their reactions. One for successful teaching. His method was said: "As for what I did (or did not) get a mixture of the Socratic generously from the seminar; this is a different laced with disarming sincerity, boyish breed of cats. First, I learned that it is charm, and a mischievous nimbleness most difficult to act intelligent for a that permitted him a frequent misquot- three-month stretch when you really ing of a fellow's remark for the sake of aren't. This type of bluff can succeed argument—and the incidental enjoy- up to and including four weeks, but after ment of at least seven fellows. Never dog- that the jig's up!" The other: "For my matic or doctrinaire, and only occasion- own part, I feel that the seminar will be ally long-winded, he was the personifica- most valuable to me. As the most stupid tion of the mature scholar, prodding, of the group, I, of course, had the most probing, pulling and pushing eight fel- to learn. At least, I now realize that lows into his orbit. The wisdom he dis- there is actually no right or wrong solu- pensed on administration, based on a tion to any administrative problem, but half century of library experience, was there may be many sides." encyclopedic, applicable, and assimilable. One fellow, and not the self-assertive The replies to a one-query question- type, found there were casual benefits: naire (the seminar decided such instru- "Almost of equal importance was the ments of fact-gathering were not per se knowledge gained daily from discussing obnoxious but quickly became so with mutual interest problems with my col- the supplying of answers) soon after the leagues and in learning the practices re- completion of the course asking what garding such problems at other institu- benefits the fellows received from the tions. There is much to be said also for program were typical, characteristic and, the opportunities of having sat in con- perhaps, revealing only to a small degree ferences with the directors and some staff because they were written too soon after members of eight top research libraries, the event: "I made seven new friends, both on their home grounds and away gained a very large amount of knowl- from their libraries. . . ." edge, got a good perspective on our own A most serious and diffident fellow problems, and had a whale of a good found justification for his profession: "I time," wrote one fellow known for brev- (Continued on page 153)

MARCH 1959 133 The Harassed Humanities (Continued from page 110) preserved and extinction—the real ex- language than that of politics or statis- tremity where only another kind of intel- tics or cold but killing formulae, a lan- ligence can effectively work. Military guage that all men speak and under- security can no longer be preserved by stand: it is the language of human cul- military or by scientific means. There is ture. We have never needed to hear that only one other means. We need the language so desperately as we need to thinking of humanistic scientists, or, if hear it today in the councils of power. you will, of humanists; we need the hu- But to give it voice, we must first supply manities. We need the man who speaks Mr. Nixon, Mr. Dulles, and many others, not only his own language, but the uni- with an education in the humanities. If versal language of creative responsibil- any one of you wishes to suggest a cur- ity. And how simply one can illustrate: riculum, you can reach these worthies at while the Russian embassy, seat of polit- either Number One Madison Avenue or ical power, was the scene of violent riot- Number One Main Street. The addresses ing in Washington, the Moiseyev dancers designate the same place. were performing before packed auditori- How beautifully W. B. Yeats put it: ums throughout the country and young "The artist loves above all life at peace Van Cliburn had just returned from his with itself." It could not be otherwise, spectacular triumph in Moscow; again, for his function, after all, is the creation just after Richard Nixon was stoned by of harmonies and unities, those monu- indignant mobs in Caracas, the San Fran- ments of unaging intellect that comprise cisco Ballet Company repeatedly per- the order of civilization and preserve it formed, in that same city, to overflow for us to carry on. In the last analysis, audiences whose enthusiastic demands what other study is worth our time? it could not meet because of a touring William Blake told us why: "Where schedule. There is a language, a greater Man Is Not, Nature Is Barren."

The Book in the USSR

It can safely be said that the book has played an outstanding part in the cultural revolution accomplished in the USSR. Being accessible to the people, becoming part and parcel of the Soviet man's everyday life, the book is now a thing of prime necessity. Statistics on book publishing and sales are usually a fairly reliable index of the cultural, and even of the scientific, development of a nation. One may guess that there is a correlation of considerable significance between the large circulation of books and so advanced a scientific achievement as the launching of the first earth satellites.—Yuri Gvosdev, Assistant Commercial Counselor of the Em- bassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, in Iron Curtains and Scholar- ship: The Exchange of Knowledge in a Divided World, Papers Presented before the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago, July 7-9, 1958, ed. by Howard W. Winger (Chicago: 1958), p.43.

134 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- By EDNA MAE BROWN

New Periodicals of 1958—Part II

HE EXAMINATION of the contents of is a digest of current Russian literature Tthe new periodicals launched in 1958 dealing with automation topics. It is shows that a large number of valuable prepared in New York by bilingual en- journals have appeared. Serious subjects gineers. What is said to be a new disci- are treated by scientists, scholars, engi- pline, control engineering, is the field of neers, and other experts. Fine interna- Control also from London. Machine Ac- tional journals continue to appear. New counting and Data Processing and Man- disciplines have journals of their own. agement and Business Automation are two new American journals on automa- AGRICULTURE. The Department of Ag- tion in offices and industry. riculture of the Union of South Africa is publishing Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrij vir BIOLOGY. The Journal of Ultrastruc- Landbouwetenskap with text in English ture Research under the direction of an and Afrikaans. international board of editors will publish "papers dealing with the ultrastruc- AIR TRAFFIC. The Journal of Air Traf- tural organization of biologic material fic Control aims to present new tech- as analyzed by means of electron micros- niques for the air traffic controller in copy, X-ray diffraction techniques, X-ray this age of supersonic airplanes and civil microscopy, and polarization optical jet transport. In the first issue Glen D. analysis." This journal was launched in Tigner of the Washington National 1957 but was not received for inclusion Tower explains the duties of an air in earlier lists. Because of its importance traffic controller. it is included here. ART AND ARCHITECTURE. Architectural & Engineering News will present infor- CLASSICAL STUDIES. Greek and Byzan- mation on new products, materials, and tine Studies is being published in San equipment of interest to architects and Antonio, Texas, with the advice and engineers. Arte Antica e Moderna is a support of professors and individuals in- journal of Italian art and architectural terested in classical studies. In the first history. Articles are illustrated and doc- article, "The Classical Tradition," An- umented. Book reviews are included. In- dre Michalopovilos relates how the clas- dustrial Architecture deals with the plan- sics of ancient Greece and Rome are the ning, construction, and equipment of roots of our Western civilization. buildings for industry, that is, power CURRENT AFFAIRS. The Arab Students' stations, factories, laboratories, offices, Union in the United Kingdom is pub- and shops. It Is from New York deals lishing The Arab Review in which to with abstract art. There are illustrations. present the Arab case and cause to the AUTOMATION. Automatic Data Process- British. The Netherlands Institute for ing from London is concerned with of- International Cultural Relations is pub- fice mechanization. Automation Express lishing Delta in English as a contribution to intercultural exchange. Here Miss Brown is Head, Serials Section, there will be shown the role of important Descriptive Cataloging Division, Library artists, scholars, and technicians of the of Congress. Low Countries. Deutsch-polnische Hefte

MARCH 1959 135 will report on cultural and economic tions of microwaves, etc., will be report- activities in Poland. The Institute for ed. Contributors to Nukleonik are sci- the Study of the USSR in Munich is entists in German universities and in- publishing The East Turkic Review to dustrial research institutes. Articles are present analyses of the history and cul- illustrated and accompanied by sum- ture of the areas of the Soviet Union in- maries. habited by Turkic peoples. In The Med- ENGINEERING. The Journal of Environ- iterranean and Eurafrica, published in mental Engineering is published by the New York, there will be presented the Society of Environmental Engineers. The present day issues of that area for the first issue dealt with such esoteric sub- purpose of informing, clarifying, and jects as "Vibration Testing With Electro- strengthening opinion in the United magnetic Exciters," "Precision Centri- States. fuge," and "Space and High Vacuum." DRAMA. Modern Drama, published at Radio-, Frenseh-, Phono-Praxis comes the University of Kansas, will publish from Wiirzburg and treats of German articles on the drama since Ibsen, book systems and materials. reviews, and news from abroad. All ar- GENEALOGY. Nobres Casas de Portugal ticles in the first issue are by university not only gives the genealogy of noble professors and deal with works of families of Portugal but also provides a O'Neill, Shaw, Marivaux, Pirandello, picture and description of the family and other subjects. Spectacles will report castles. on current French theater, including drama, ballet, and cinema. GOVERNMENT. State Government Nexus is published by the Council of State Gov- ECONOMICS. The Arkansas Economist ernments, replacing the "Among the is published quarterly by the Industrial States" news section formerly published Research and Extension Center and the in State Government. Correspondents in Bureau of Business and Economic Re- each state supply brief items on such search of the College of Business Admin- matters as new legislation enacted, spe- istration of the University of Arkansas. cial studies authorized to be made, spe- Revue du Marche Commun deals with cial meetings of legislatures, etc. the questions arising in the establishing of the European Common Market. HEALTH. Gerontology and Geriatrics, a section of the abstracting service Ex- EDUCATION. The Graduate Dean of the cerpta Medica, is published in coopera- The University of Texas is publishing tion with the National Heart Institute Graduate Journal designed, as its subtitle and the National Institute of Mental states, to facilitate communication in Health and aided by a grant from the graduate education and research. U.S. Public Health Service. Health phys- ELECTRONICS. Experienced translators ics, defined as a study and practice of with engineering backgrounds prepare factors relating to damage from ionizing abstracts from sixty or more current radiation and the prevention of such Russian journals for Electronics Express. damage, is the field of the journal Health This journal is intended to meet the Physics launched by the Health Physics practical needs of engineers, scientists, Society. Immunology is the title of the teachers, and consultants. The Micro- official journal of the British Society for wave Journal is also intended for the Immunology. This is a scientific journal practical engineer and the industrialist. whose contributors come from university Research, new inventions, new applica- faculties. Articles are accompanied by

136 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- summaries and bibliographies. The ulti- aims "to interpret, elaborate and com- mate restoration of the disabled person ment on, the different laws which fall to his maximum capacity—physical, within the purview of this review in the emotional, social, and vocational—is the light of judicial precedents, both local subject of another section of Excerpta and foreign." Such articles as "Foreign Medica entitled Rehabilitation. Vita Businesses in Syria," "Insurance Activi- Humana, an international journal, will ties in Iraq," and "Libyan Petroleum" publish original papers based on re- appear in volume one, number one. search done in the fields of human de- LIBRARIES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, BOOK COLLECT- velopment, that is, in psychology, physi- ING. Africana Nova is a quarterly bibli- ology, pediatrics, geriatrics, medicine, ography of books currently published in etc. and about the Union of South Africa, HISTORY. In Comparative Studies in based on the accessions to the Africana Society and History it is aimed to trace Department of the South African Public the history and progress of civilization Library. This list supersedes the list by means of comparative studies. The which formerly appeared in the Quar- first issue treats of such matters as the terly Bulletin of the South African Li- role of the intellectually-trained man in brary. The October/December 1957 issue society, church and state, pre-modern of The Indian National Bibliography bureaucratic politics, and feudalism. So- was received in 1958. The bibliography is viet doctrine is the field of the first issue being prepared at the National Library of Politique, Revue Internationale des of Calcutta by the staff of the Central Doctrines et des Institutions published Reference Library. Names of authors in Paris as a successor to Revue d'His- and titles of books in the Indian lan- toire Politique et Constitutionnelle. The guages are transliterated into Roman Southern Jewish Historical Society is script. The bibliography consists of two studying the pre-Civil War Jewish man parts, general publications and govern- of commerce and business in the South- ment publications. Each part is divided ern States. The results will be published into two sections, classified (Dewey) and in the society's Journal. Tradition is "the alphabetical. Technical Contents (later monthly magazine of America's pictur- International Technical Titles) is a esque past." The editors and contribu- monthly compilation of tables of con- tors of the first issue are persons of com- tents of about one hundred journals in petence. The style is popular. pure and applied mathematics, chemistry, physics, engineering, and electronics. JOURNALISM. The School of Journalism Librarium is the journal of the Schweizer of Montana State University is issuing Bibliophilen Gesellschaft. The introduc- Journalism Review intended for news- tory article is entitled "1st Bibliophilie paper broadcasting men in Montana as Zeitgemass?" The Delhi Library Associ- well as students of journalism. Contribu- ation launched the Library Herald with tors are newsmen and journalism educa- S. R. Ranganathan contributing "Docu- tors. ment, Documentation & Standardization" and "Responsibility of Library Profes- LAW. The Criminal Law Quarterly is sion." Literarische Nachrichten aus Bel- "a Canadian journal of criminal law for gien is an "Oberblick iiber das flamische judges, magistrates, lawyers and police Schrifttum in Belgien." Much biograph- officers." The journal presents commen- ical material is included. Norwegian Sci- taries on closed cases along with articles, ence and Letters is a quarterly bibliog- addresses, and book reviews. The Middle raphy of recent works which have ap- East Law Review published in Beirut

MARCH 1959 137 peared in Norway. The Pakistan Library "Reporting to Top Management at Ford," Review is published by the Karachi Uni- "Corporate Giving: Theory and Policy," versity Library Science Alumni Associa- and "Electronic Data Processing: Prom- tion. The articles "Library Services in ise and Problems." Industrial Relations Pakistan," and "Library Training in Digest is published by Callaghan in Chi- Pakistan" from the first issue should be cago. It is designed to bring to the per- of especial interest to Western librari- sonnel director, the labor relations director, students, teachers, and others ans. digests of the most informative and in- LITERATURE. The first issue of Chelsea telligent articles on this phase of eco- Review published by the Chelsea Foun- nomic life. In addition to digests there dation includes contributions from are included also comments on specific Americans as well as foreigners who are cases decided by the courts, arbitrators, young but who already have a record of or administrative agencies. some published work. The editors of MUSIC. Jazz aims to be an "adult mag- Contact from San Francisco state they azine" in which the various aspects of "expect to publish work by anybody this music and its artists will be dis- from anywhere as long as it meets our cussed. It is edited by Ralph J. Gleason standards and is written approximately and published in Berkeley, California. in the English language." This periodical Sonorum Speculum is a "mirror of musi- is a revival in name of an earlier jour- cal life in Holland." It will present de- nal edited by William Carlos Williams. tails of new works throughout the world Enquiry comes from the University of and announcements regarding Holland's Nottingham. An editorial states, "our musical life. aim is to publish articles of varying length and of good quality on a wide PATENTS. Lapis, a London publication, range of subjects loosely classed as 'arts.' " lists on an international basis patents The Galley Sail Review is a "little mag- for disposal by license or sale. azine" from San Francisco edited by PHARMACOLOGY. Biochemical Pharma- Stanley McNail. Sardio is a "revista bi- cology is an international journal of ex- mestral de cultura" from Caracas. In- perimental pharmacology. It will treat cluded here is Victorian Studies launched of the action of drugs on cells with spe- from Indiana University in 1957 but cial emphasis on cancer chemotherapy. not received for earlier listings. A prefa- PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. Physical Re- Victorian Studies tory note states that view Letters, published semimonthly by will publish work addressed to all stu- the American Physical Society, contains dents of the Victorian age. Articles, re- "short communications dealing with im- views, and bibliographies comprise the portant new discoveries of topics of high contents of this fine journal. current interest and abstracts of articles MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL RELA- to be published in future issues of The TIONS. To make available research find- Physical Review." Physics Express con- ings to managers and to stimulate resists of abstracts from current Russian search through feedback of problems journals made by experienced bilingual from managers to research units is the engineers working in New York. The aim of California Management Review Physics of Fluids, published by the Amer- published by the Graduate Schools of ican Institute of Physics, will contain Business Administration, University of original contributions based on research California at Berkeley and Los Angeles. done in laboratories, universities, and The first issue includes such articles as industrial establishments throughout the

138 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- country. Summaries accompany articles. hearing process. Artificial speech and Talanta is an international journal of stuttering were some of the topics treat- analytical chemistry. ed. Language and Speech from England SOCIOLOGY. East London Papers is con- has as its purpose "an understanding of cerned with the changing social and cul- the fundamental problems of language tural scene in East London. It is pub- and speech." "Brain Disorders and Lan- lished by University House, a settlement guage Analysis" and "Speech Analysis house and community center in Bethnal and Mental Processes" are two articles Green. "Huguenot Weavers' Houses in in volume one, number one. Logos is Spitalfields" and "The Changing Face published by the National Hospital for of East London" are articles in volume Speech Disorders in New York and is one, number one. Jornal Brasileiro de concerned with the psychological and Sociologia is presented by the University medical phases of the subject. of Recife. It is broad in scope, ranging THEOLOGY. Religious and Theological from "Espana Hoy" and "Sobre o Marx- Abstracts is prepared by J. Donald Fos- ismo" to "La Litterature Bresilienne." ter and others in Youngstown, Ohio, to SPEECH. The American Speech and advance the knowledge of religious and Hearing Association is publishing the theological subjects. The abstracts pro- Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. vide a concise statement as to the content The contributors to the first issue are of the article, exact source and location, connected with research laboratories, and cross-references to related articles. many maintained by the major univer- It is hoped that coverage of journals sities, for the study of speech and the abstracted can be increased.

Periodicals

Africana Nova. South African Public Li- Automation Express. International Physical brary, Cape Town, no.l, September 1958. Index, Inc., 1909 Park Avenue, New York Frequency not given. Price not given. 35. v.l, no.l, May 1958. Monthly. $57.50. The Arab Review. Arab Students' Union in Biochemical Pharmacology. Pergamon Press, the United Kingdom, 84 Kensington High 122 East 55th Street, New York 22. v.l, Street, London W 8. v. 1, no.l, March 1958. no.l, July 1958. Frequency not given. $17. Frequency not given. Price not given. California Management Review. Graduate Architectural & Engineering News. Hagan School of Business Administration, Uni- Publishing Corporation, 452 Fifth Avenue, versity of California, Los Angeles 24. v.l, New York 18. v.l, no.l, November/Decem- no.l, fall 1958. Quarterly. $6.50. ber 1958. Monthly. $10. Chelsea Review. Chelsea Foundation, Inc., The Arkansas Economist. University of Ar- P.O. Box 242, Old Chelsea Station, New kansas Industrial Research and Extension York 11. no.l, summer 1958. Quarterly. Center, 1123 McAlmont Street, Little $2.50. Rock, v.l, no.l, fall 1958. Quarterly. Free. Comparative Studies in Society and History. Arte Antica e Moderna. Istituto di Archeo- Mouton and Company, The Hague, v.l, logia dell'Universita, Via de' Musei 8, no.l, October 1958. Quarterly. $6. Bologna, no.l, January/March 1958. 4 nos. Contact. Angel Island Publications, Inc., a year. L. 4.000. 749-751 Bridgeway, Sausalito, California, Automatic Data Processing. Business Publi- no.l, 1958. 4 nos. a year. $5. cations, Ltd., 180 Fleet Street, London Control. Rowse Muir Publications, Ltd., 3 E.C. 4; v.l, no.l, mid-November 1958. Percy Street, London W 1. v.l, no.l, July Monthly. 45s. 1958. Monthly. $8.

MARCH 1959 139 The Criminal Law Quarterly. Cartwright Company, 6141 North Cicero Avenue, Chi- and Sons, Toronto, v.l, no.l, May 1958. cago. v.l, no.l, July 1958. Frequency not Price not given. given. Price not given. Delta. Netherlands Institute for Interna- International Technical Titles. Technical tional Cultural Relations, 41 J.J. Viotta- Library Associates, 11261 Venice Boule- straat, Amsterdam. Spring 1958. Quarterly. vard, Los Angeles 34. v.l, no.l, January $3. 1958. Monthly. $8. Deutsch-polnische Hefte. Kontakt-Verlag, It Is. Second Half Publishing Company, 22 Diisseldorf. v.l, no.l, 1958. Monthly. DM East 17th Street, New York, no.l, spring 15.60. 1958. 3 nos. a year. $5.50. East London Papers. University House, Lon- Jazz. Jazz Publications, Inc., 2110 Haste don E 2. v.l, no.l, 1958. 2 nos. a year. Street, Berkeley 4, California, no.l, Octo- Price not given. ber 1958. Quarterly. $3. The East Turkic Review. Institut zur Erfor- Jornal Brasileiro de Sociologia, Universidade schung der UdSSR, Mannhardtstrasse 6, do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. v.l, no.l, Miinchen 22. no.l, 1958. Frequency not 1958. Frequency not given. Price not given. given. Price not given. The Journal of Air Traffic Control. Air Electronics Express. International Physical Traffic Control Association, 2030 North Index, Inc., 1909 Park Avenue, New York 16th Street, Arlington 1, Virginia, v.l, no.l, 35. v.l, no.0, March 1958. Monthly. $57.50. July 1958. Quarterly. $5. Enquiry. Arts Faculty, University of Notting- The Journal of Environmental Engineering. ham, Nottingham, England, v.l, no.l, 11916 West Washington Boulevard, Los March 1958. Frequency not given. 2s. per Angeles 66. v.l, no.l, October 1958. Bi- issue. monthly. $5. The Galley Sail Review. Galley Sail Publica- Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. tions, 523 Clay Street, San Francisco 11. Department of Speech Pathology and v.l, no.l, winter 1958. 4 nos. a year. $1. Audiology, East Hall, State University of Gerontology and Geriatrics. Excerpta Meclica Iowa, Iowa City, v.l, no.l, March 1958. Foundation, 2 East 103 Street, New York Quarterly. $5. 29. v.l, no.l, July 1958. Monthly. Price Journal of Ultrastructure Research. Aca- not given. demic Press, Inc., Ill Fifth Avenue, New The Graduate Journal. Graduate Dean, Uni- York 3. v.l, no.l, November 1957. 4 nos. versity of Texas, Austin 12. v.l, no.l, a year. $15. spring 1958. 2 nos. a year. Price not given. Journalism Review. School of Journalism, Greek and Byzantine Studies. John J. Bilitz, Montana State University, Missoula, no.l, P.O. Box 184, Elizabeth, New Jersey. July 1958. Frequency not given. Price not given. 1958. Frequency not given. Price not given. Language and Speech. Robert Draper, Ltd., Health Physics. Pergamon Press, 122 East Kerbihan House, 85 Udney Park Road, 55th Street, New York 22. v.l, no.l, June Teddington, Middlesex, England, v.l, 1958. Frequency not given. $17. no.l, January/March 1958. Quarterly. Immunology. Blackwell Scientific Publica- $11.50. tions, 24-25 Broad Street, Oxford, Eng- Lapis. Kenneth Mason, 1 Old Burlington land. v.l, no.l, January 1958. Quarterly. Street, London W 1. no.l, October 1958. £3. Monthly. £10 10s. The Indian National Bibliography. Central Librarium. Schweizerische Bibliophile Ges- Reference Library, Calcutta. October/De- ellschaft, Zurich, v.l, no.l, April 1958. 3 cember 1957. Quarterly. Rs. 15/50 per nos. a year. Price not given. issue? Library Herald. Delhi Library Association, Industrial Architecture. 46-47 Chancery Lane, Marwari Public Library, Delhi 6. v.l, no.l, London WC 2. v.l, no.l, spring 1958. April 1958. Quarterly. $4.50. Quarterly. $4. Literarische Nachrichten aus Belgien. Inter- Industrial Relations Digest. Callaghan and nationaal Literair en Toneelagentschap

140 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- van Belgie, Gordunakaai 5, Gent, no.l, Politique. Compagnie d'fiditions Libres Soci- April 1958. Frequency not given. Price ales et Economiques, 3, rue du Faubourg not given. St.-Honore, Paris 8. no.l, January/March Logos. National Hospital for Speech Dis- 1958. Quarterly. Fr. 1.500. orders, 61 Irving Place, New York 3. v.l, Radio-, Fernseh-, Phono-Praxis. Vogel-Ver- October 1958. Semiannual. $1.75. lag, Wiirzburg. no.l, February 1958. Semi- Machine Accounting and Data Processing. monthly. DM 9. Gille Associates, Inc., 956 Maccabees Rehabilitation. Excerpta Medica Founda- Building, Detroit 2. v.l, no.l, November/ tion, 2 East 103 Street, New York 29. v.l, December 1958. Bimonthly. $7.50. no.l, July 1958. Monthly. Price not given. Management and Business Automation. Of- Religious and Theological Abstracts. P.O. fice Appliance Company, 600 West Jack- Box 803, Youngstown 1, Ohio, v.l, no.l, son Boulevard, Chicago 6. Preview edition, March 1958. Quarterly. $7. October 1958. Monthly. $5. Revue du Marche Commun. Editions Tech- The Mediterranean and Eurafrica. Mediter- niques et Economiques, 3, rue Soufflot, ranean and Levant Press of New York, Paris, no.l, March 1958. Monthly. Fr. Inc., 108 East 81st Street, New York 28. 3.500. v.l, no.l, June 1958. Monthly. $10. Sardio. Apartados del Este, no. 5346, Caracas, The Microwave Journal. 160 Warren Street, Venezuela, no.l, May/June 1958. Bi- Boston 19. v.l, no.l, July/August 1958. monthly. Bs 10. Monthly. $10. Sonorum Speculum. C. F. Peters Corporation, Middle East Law Review. Y. T, Hourani, 373 Fourth Avenue, New York 16. no.l, P.O. Box 4622, Beirut, Lebanon, v.l, 1958. summer 1958. 2 nos. a year. Price not Monthly. $45. given. Modern Drama. A. C. Edwards, Department Southern Jewish Historical Society Journal. of English, University of Kansas, Law- American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, rence. v.l, no.l, May 1958. 4 nos. a year. $2. v.l, no.l, November 1958. Frequency not Nobres Casas de Portugal. Livraria Tavares given. $.50 per issue. Martins, Porto, no.l, May 1958. Irregular. Price not given. Spectacles. 198, Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris, no.l, March 1958. Quarterly. Fr. Norwegian Science and Letters. Oslo Uni- 3.500. versity Press, Karl Johans Gate 47, Oslo, no.l, May 1958. Quarterly. Free? State Government News. Council of State Governments, 1313 East 60th Street, Chi- Nukleonik. Springer Verlag, Berlin, v.l, no.l, cago 37. v.l, no.l, July 1958. Monthly. $2. April 1958. Frequency not given. DM 6.60 per issue. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Landbouweten- skap. Department of Agriculture, Division Pakistan Library Review. Karachi Univer- of Publicity, Private Bag 144, Pretoria, sity Library Science Alumni Association, Karachi University Library, Karachi, v.l, Union of South Africa, v.l, no.l, March no.l, March 1958. Quarterly. $1.20. 1958. Frequency not given. 7s 6d per issue. Physical Review Letters. American Institute Talanta. Pergamon Press, 122 East 55th of Physics, 335 East 45th Street, New York Street, New York 22. v.l, no. 1/2, July 1958. 17. v.l, no.l, July 1, 1958. Semimonthly. Frequency not given. $17. $10. Tradition. American Tradition Corporation, Physics Express. International Physical In- 16854 Hamilton Avenue, Detroit 3. v.l, dex, Inc., 1909 Park Avenue, New York no.l, December 1958. Monthly. $5. 35. v.l, no.l, June 1958. Monthly. $57.50. Victorian Studies. Indiana University, Bloom- The Physics of Fluids. American Institute of ington. v.l, no.l, September 1957. Quar- Physics, 335 East 45th Street, New York terly. $5. 17. v.l, no.l, July/August 1958. Bimonthly. Vita Humana. S. Karger, New York, v.l, $10. no.l, 1958. Quarterly. Fr.s. 38.50.

MARCH 1959 141 News From the Field

ACQUISITIONS, GIFTS, COLLECTIONS in 1868, the library reached its first million volumes in 1937-38. At the present rate of THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA LIBRARY has growth of 70,000 volumes a year, it will been given a collection of medical works comprise 3,000,000 volumes by 1972-73. ranging in time from 300 B.C. to 1892, from IMMACULATE HEART COLLEGE, LOS Angeles, Hippocrates to Krafft-Ebing. The donor was has received the private library of the late Dr. Hugh H. Smith, a co-developer of yel- Mrs. Edward L. Doheny. It is rich in art, low-fever vaccine, now a professor of bac- architecture and fine press books. The col- teriology at the university. lection will be housed in a specially designed BELOIT COLLEGE LIBRARIES have been pre- room. sented with a valuable collection of books, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY pamphlets, and magazines dealing with LIBRARY has been given an original manu- Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal script by Sir Isaac Newton. Dr. Sidney M. period. The gift was made by Dr. Joseph C. Edelstein of New York was the donor. The Rheingold, a practicing psychiatrist in Bos- manuscript is a sixty-one-page commentary ton. Appraised at $10,000, the collection and translation of a fourteenth-century book covers almost every detail of the financial, on alchemy by Nicholas Flamel. economic and labor history of the Roosevelt THE FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA has years. received a $100,000 trust fund in the will THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA of Edwin A. Fleischer for the continuance LIBRARY has acquired one of the great col- and maintenance of music collection he lections of Canadiana from the estate of presented to the library in 1932. It is said Thomas Murray, Montreal manufacturer, to be the largest and most complete collec- collector, and book dealer. The huge group tion of orchestral manuscripts in the world. of materials (300 cases weighing ten tons) THE COLLEGE OF ST. JOSEPH ON THE RIO was purchased with the aid of the Friends GRANDE, Albuquerque, N. M., has been be- of the University Library. queathed more than two thousand volumes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES have add- by the late Dr. Joaquin Ortega. They are ed several important collections: (1) a manu- primarily on the literature and history of script collection of writings by Don Marquis, Spain and Latin America. including sixty-five letters, presented by SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Doubleday and Company; (2) a collection has acquired the James Joyce collection of of books and pamphlets published by the Dr. H. K. Crossman. One of the outstanding underground of several Western European private collections on Joyce, it includes im- countries during the German occupation in portant editions and translations of the World War II; the gift was made by Mr. author's work, holograph materials, associa- and Mrs. Valerien Lada-Mocarski of New tion items, iconography, as well as critical York; (3) two groups of Oriental materials: and biographical works on Joyce. Outstand- the first consignment of a gift of some one ing among the holographs is all that re- thousand Japanese books from Shigeru Yos- mained, following the 1943 bombing of Ber- hida, former premier of Japan, and more lin, of Joyce's correspondence with his Ger- than fifteen hundred Chinese books pre- man translator, Georg Goyert. The collection sented by Mrs. K. C. Yeung whose late hus- was purchased through the financial assist- band was Presbyterian minister of New ance of the Southern Illinois University York's Chinatown for thirty years. Foundation. A comprehensive catalog is be- CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY acquired its ing prepared for publication. 2,000,000th volume on January 7. The volume singled out for this honor was Animad- BUILDINGS versionum in Athenaei Dipnosophistas writ- CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING of modern de- ten by Isaac Casaubon and printed in Lyon, sign for the Cornell University Library has France, in 1600. Starting with 20,000 volumes been authorized despite criticisms from a

142 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- former dean of architecture that it threatens 150,000 volumes. Construction of the two- to destroy "one of the notable campus quad- story, air-conditioned building will start rangles in the United States." The new this spring; completion is set for the fall library has been designed by Warner, Burns, of 1960. It was designed by Warner, Burns, Toan & Lunde of New York in straight, Toan 8c Lunde of New York. The new li- modern lines. The seven-story building will brary will be used primarily for the under- contain about ten times more floor space graduate program. than the present main library. The older THE CHARLES HAYDEN FOUNDATION has building will become an undergraduate li- granted $100,000 for the proposed new library while the new one will be devoted brary at Wagner College, Staten Island, to research facilities primarily for graduate N. Y. students and faculty. A LIBRARY BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT IN- STITUTE will be held in the University of THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES of Dartmouth Col- Maryland's new McKeldin Library at College lege has authorized the developing of plans Park, June 18-20. This institute, planned and asking of bids on two additions to Bak- for librarians, architects, and administra- er Library. The work will involve filling tors, will be sponsored by the Section on in portions of two courtyards. Preliminary Buildings and Equipment of LAD. The pro- estimates place the cost at slightly more than gram will include talks and discussions on $100,000. The additions will provide more procedures for planning a library, interior suitable work and storage space for the lay-outs, heating, lighting, equipment, site Stefansson Polar Collection and the college selection, and critiques of plans for new- archives. libraries. Four general sessions and three FORDHAM UNIVERSITY will break ground periods of group meetings are scheduled. and start construction on its $25,500,000 The ALA display of building plans and center in midtown Manhattan this spring. related materials will be available for use. It will occupy seven and a half acres on Included will be photographs of new build- two city blocks bounded by West 60th and ings and equipment, publicity for fund 62nd Streets, Amsterdam, and Columbus raising, building-program statements, and Avenues, adjacent to the New York Coli- documents on site selection. There will be seum and the Lincoln Center of Performing ample opportunity to discuss individual Arts. Among the first Fordham buildings to building problems with experts on library be erected will be the law school and its buildings. library, scheduled for completion by Sep- The registration fee will be $26.00 (pay- tember 1960. A general library will be built able in advance) and will include room and by 1962. The university's schools of law, board. The ALA section fee will be $10.00 business, social service, education and gen- (payable on arrival). All reservations for the eral studies will be moved to the midtown institute must be made in advance. Informa- center. The traditional campus will remain tion about living accommodations, registra- at Rose Hill in the Bronx. tion, transportation from Washington, pro- MARYCREST COLLEGE, Davenport, Iowa, has gram, etc., is available from Director of Insti- a new two-level library building. Built at tutes, University College, University of Mary- a cost of $250,000, it has a potential shelving land, College Park, Md. General inquiries capacity of 120,000 volumes in a three-tier may be addressed to Keith Doms, Assistant stack and a maximum seating seating capac- Librarian, Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh, Pa. ity of 250. Although constructed along func- Mr. Doms is chairman of the Section on tional lines, the building blends with others Building and Equipment. on campus since its facade employs the same brick. PUBLICATIONS PLANS have been completed for a new $1,000,000 library at Douglass College, the STATISTICS of interest to college and uni- women's division of Rutgers University. Fi- versity librarians appear in three recent nanced by legislative appropriation, the publications of the U. S. Office of Education. building will seat 600 students and hold Higher Education Planning and Manage-

MARCH 1959 143 ment Data, 1957-58, by W. Robert Bokelman college and university libraries and their (Circular no. 517) presents information possible role as district centers in the public about salaries, fringe benefits, tuition and library service of the state. Copies of the fees, and room and board in 1,146 institu- report have been sent to all state library tions of higher education. Chapter 1 reports extension agencies and all library schools. 1957-58 salary data for twenty-four adminis- They are available on interlibrary loan from trative positions, including director of li- these places or from the Pennslyvania State braries. The data are grouped by type of Library. A summary of the report may be institution and by enrollment category, in obtained free from the state library. each case with a distinction between public THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION has is- and private institutions. In addition to the sued the first of a new series of bulletins maximum-minimum range, median, mean, that will inventory all significant scientific and first and third quartile salaries are sources and activities within the Federal given. It is interesting to note that, when Government. The primary objective is to all positions are ranked by mean salaries, the make unclassified unpublished scientific re- director of libraries is not among the first search data easily accessible and available ten in either public or private institutions. to all U. S. scientists and engineers, both in Statistics of Higher Education; 1955-56— and out of Government. The first bulletin Faculty, Students and Degrees, by Henry G. is Scientific Information Activities of Feder- Badger and M. Clemens Johnson (Chapter al Agencies: No. 1, U. S. Department of 4, Section I of the Biennial Survey of Educa- Agriculture (NSF-58-27). tion in the United States, 1954-56) includes THE FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA has data on the professional library staffs of published its 1957 lecture series under the 1,858 institutions. They employed 8,515 li- title Four Talks for Bibliophiles (96 p., brarians, 640 more than were reported by $3.00). The papers are: "Adventures in 1,871 institutions in 1953-54. In each case, Americana," by Michael Walsh; "Sir Edward approximately 30 per cent of them were Coke and the Carson Collection," by Cather- men and 70 per cent women. ine Drinker Bowen; "Old Booksellers of Statistics of Land-Grant Colleges and Uni- Philadelphia," by George Allen; and "Hor- versities, Year Ended June 30, 1957 (Circu- ace: Alive for Twenty Centeries," by Dr. lar no. 541) includes library financial data Merle M. Odgers. The library has also re- in several of its tables. In the sixty-nine in- leased Fraktur: the Illuminated Manuscripts stitutions reporting, a total of $22,257,414 of the Pennslyvania Dutch, a talk by Frances was spent from current funds for library Lichten, in a decorative cover designed by services in 1956-57. This was a 7.6 per cent author ($1.00). Orders should be sent to the increase over the previous year's expendi- Rare Book Department of the Free Library, tures. However, the gross amount spent for Logan Square, Philadelphia. libraries constituted only 2.2 per cent of the THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY has total current-fund expenditures for educa- authorized G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, to tional and general purposes. When the in- publish its subject heading file. It contains stitutions were classified by amount of cur- more than 100,000 entries for all subject rent-fund expenditures, the highest percent- headings currently in use. It will be pub- age (3.2) spent for libraries was in those lished in five volumes, each with about with budgets of less than $5,000,000. one thousand 10" x 14" pages. The price THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARY has for the set will be $140. Inquiries may be issued Library Service in Pennsylvania: addressed to G. K. Hall 8c Co., 97 Oliver Present and Proposed, a two-volume report Street, Boston 10. by a research team headed by Dr. Lowell Technical Translations is a new, semi- A. Martin. It is based on questionaires from monthly periodical being issued by Office 617 public, college, and special libraries, of Technical Services, U. S. Department of visits to 154 libraries, intensive case studies Commerce. It will list and abstract trans- in six geographic areas, and discussions with lations of Russian scientific papers available librarians and officials. Academic librarians from government agencies, the Special Li- will be particularly interested in the data on braries Association, cooperating foreign

144 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- governments, educational institutions and times a year instead of annually. They con- private sources. It is expected to include cita- tain authoritative accounts of research and tions to as many as 10,000 complete trans- learning written for the nonspecialist and lations a year. The annual subscription covering many fields. The annual subscrip- price is $12.00. tion is 215., obtainable from the Royal In- Undergraduate Education; Proceedings of stitution, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W. 1. the Minnesota Institute contains papers that WABASH COLLEGE, Crawfordsville, Ind., has clarify the present status of library education published a 496-page history of Montgomery with particular emphasis on standards for County, Indiana entitled Sugar Creek Saga. undergraduate and graduate programs. Edit- The author is Theodore Gregory Gronert. ed by David K. Berninghausen, the multi- Copies may be purchased for $6.00 each lithed publication may be purchased directly from the college library. from Nicholson Bookstore, University of THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA has an- Minnesota, Minneapolis 14. The price is nounced the forthcoming appearance of a $2.00. new quarterly journal of history to be titled ALTHOUGH not directly related to college Arizona and the West. The journal will pub- and university libraries, The Effective Loca- lish "explorations in western history from tion of Public Library Buildings, by Joseph Cibola to contemporary frontiers." L. Wheeler, is an important contribution to THE SOUTHERN REGIONAL EDUCATION librarianship. Published as no. 52 of the BOARD has announced the forthcoming pub- University of Illinois Library School Oc- lication of Southeastern Supplement to the casional Papers, this report represents the Union List of Serials, a list of serial holdings culmination of long study by the former in three dozen university and college li- director of the Enoch Pratt Library in Balti- braries in ten southeastern states. The sup- more, coupled with the findings of a ques- plement, compiled and edited by Edward tionaire sent to libraries in cities with popu- Graham Roberts, library consultant for the lations of 100,000 or more. Copies may be Board, under the sponsorship of the Associa- purchased for $1.00 each from Dr. Harold tion of Southeastern Research Libraries, the Lancour, editor, Occasional Papers, Univer- Southeastern Interlibrary Research Facility, sity of Illinois Library School, Urbana. Checks and the Southern Regional Education Board, should be made payable to him. is intended to bridge the gap between the RUSSELL SHANK, engineering and physical Union List of Serials and its supplements sciences librarian at Columbia University, and New Serial Titles and will contain only is the compiler and editor of Bibliography serials which began publication before Jan- of Technical Writing, 1945-57 (New York: uary 1, 1950. Publication is set for April 15. Society of Technical Writers and Editors, THE COMMITTEE ON LONG-TERM PERIOD- 1958. 67 p.). Copies may be purchased from ICAL SUBSCRIPTIONS of the Resources and the society at P. O. Box 3706, Beechwood Technical Services Division of the American Station, Columbus 14, Ohio. Library Association has compiled Periodicals Russian-English Medical Dictionary, by Available on Long-Term Subscription, a list Stanley Jablonski, has been published by of 700 titles published in the United States Academic Press, Inc. Edited by Dr. Ben which are available at cheaper rates when S. Levine, the 423-page volume covers the ordered for longer periods. The list supple- terminology of all principal branches of ments the report edited by James W. Barry medical and paramedical sciences. It is that was published in the Winter issue of priced at $11.00. Detailed information and Library Resources & Technical Services. The sample pages may be obtained from the first consolidation of this type of informa- publisher at 111 Fifth Avenue, New York 3. tion, it may be obtained for 25 cents in ALL VOLUMES of Poole's Index to Periodi- stamps or coins from the Executive Secretary, cal Literature are again in print. They may Resources and Technical Services Division, be obtained from Peter Smith, publisher, American Library Association, 50 East Huron 20 Railroad Avenue, Gloucester, Mass. Street, Chicago 11. The Proceedings of the Royal Institution THE PHILADELPHIA BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CEN- of Great Britain will now be published three TER and Union Library Catalogue Union

MARCH 1959 145 List of English Translations of Russian Jour- cations for interlibrary loans within the state. nals has been compiled in response to ques- During the experimental period, the center tions asked of the Center. The list is avail- will use teletype to request locations from able to libraries included in the Union Cat- the National Union Catalog at the Library alogue free of charge, and to other libraries of Congress for items needed by students and at $2.00 per copy. faculty at the university. Cost analyses will be made to determine the desirability of MISCELLANEOUS continuing this service. THE CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC COMMUNI- RADCLIFFE COLLEGE will offer its sixth CATION was held in Washington, D. C., annual Institute on Historical and Archival December 29-30, 1958. One of the programs Management from June 29-August 7. It will was a symposium on communicating science be co-sponsored by the department of history in specialized libraries. The panelists were: at Harvard University. Lawrence W. Town- Col. Frank Rogers (National Library of er, editor of the William and Mary Quarterly Medicine), John Sherrod (Library of Con- and director of graduate studies in history gress), Foster Mohrhardt (Department of at the College of William and Mary, will be Agriculture), and Burton Adkinson (Nation- in charge of the summer institute. The total al Science Foundation). Verner Clapp staff will include eighteen or more experts in (Council on Library Resources) was modera- this field. The class is limited to fifteen tor. In his remarks, Dr. Adkinson mentioned students. Two full-tuition scholarships of that the National Science Foundation is $200 each are available. Inquiries should be attempting to determine how much money addressed to the institute, 10 Garden Street, the Federal Government spends annually Cambridge 38, Mass. for science information services, including A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL is appearing origi- libraries. Other NSF studies include the in- nally in microform as an experiment by the formation-gathering habits of scientists and American Institute of Biological Sciences, the means of improving U. S. library col- with the assistance of grants from the Coun- lections of scientific literature in foreign cil on Library Resources and the National languages. Science Foundation. Wildlife Disease will be COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY has been granted issued quarterly on approximately four 3x5 $95,620 by the Rockefeller Foundation to Microcards, each containing one article with support a four-year training program for up to forty-seven pages of microtext. A full- Indonesian librarians. It provides fellow- size leaflet accompanies each issue, contain- ships for nine candidates recommended by ing abstracts of the articles. As they will be the Indonesian Ministry of Education. After reported to Biological Abstracts; the leaflets a year's study for the master's degree in li- need not be retained indefinitely. brarianship, each student will spend three This experimental publication will test or four months in training at an American application of microtext techniques to re- library chosen for its relevance to the stu- search publication. The feasibility of serving dent's future employment in Indonesia. a small specialist group (the Wildlife Dis- DELAWARE STATE COLLEGE will inaugurate ease Association has only 300 members), the National Library Week by having String- adequacy of scientific communication, sav- fellow Barr as speaker in the Library Cultur- ings in cost of publication as well as practi- al Series, April 12. His topic will be "Fiction cal details of format and use of inexpensive Is Truer Than History." On April 14, the reading devices are some of the variables college library will sponsor an assembly fea- to be evaluated during the three-year proj- turing Effie Lee Morris, children's specialist ect. for the blind at the New York Public Li- THE ENTIRE FILE of New York City tele- brary. phone directories, from 1878 to 1955, is now TELETYPEWRITER SERVICE has been installed available on microfilm at the New York in the North Carolina Interlibrary Center, Public Library. Other copies of the recently the North Carolina State Library, and Pack completed file are at the Library of Con- Memorial Library in Asheville. The services gress and the Brooklyn Public Library which will be used to speed identification of lo- shared the cost of producing the 19,166 feet

146 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- of film with NYPL and the New York Tele- Charles W. David, Director, Longwood Li- phone Company. brary, Kennet Square, Pennsylvania. ROBERT F. METZDORF, Yale University A BIBLIOGRAPHY of the works of Horatio archivist, has been appointed editor of the Alger is being prepared by Ralph D. Gard- Papers of the Bibliographical Society of ner, 745 Fifth Avenue, New York 22, who America. He succeeds Earle F. Walbridge would like to hear from persons knowing and Curt F. Buhler who have jointly edited the titles, dates, and names of publications the journal for the past twelve years. LAW- in which the author's short stories, articles, RENCE S. THOMPSON, director, University of and poems appeared. Kentucky Libraries will be book editor and MRS. FRANCES NEEL CHENEY, associate pro- HERBERT T. F. CAHOON, chief, reference de- fessor of library science at the George Pea- partment, Pierpont Morgan Library, will be body College Library School, became the news-note editor. first recipient of the new Beta Phi Mu Good ECONOMICAL SMALL EDITION PUBLISHING is Teaching Award at the annual meeting of a new service of G. K. Hall 8c Co. Processes the Association of American Library Schools, developed by the firm for printing of large Chicago, January 26. The annual award was library catalogs in small editions are being established by Beta Phi Mu, the interna- used for regular book printing with runs tional library science honor society, and car- of 25 to 500 copies. The company believes ries a citation, honorarium, and honorary its prices will prove attractive, compared membership in the society. Mrs. Cheney's citation read in part: "The expressions of with the normal expense of short-run letter- her former students and her colleagues tes- press. Further information may be obtained tify to her skill in teaching, her understand- from G. K. Hall & Co., 97 Oliver Street, ing of each student as an individual, with Boston 10. deep insight into his capabilities, and to THE KEYNOTE SPEAKER at the 1959 con- her ability to bring out the best in each stu- vention of the Louisiana Library Association, dent, helping him to develop his potential Baton Rouge, March 19-21, will be Dr. to the fullest." Ralph Ellsworth, librarian of the University ALA REPRESENTATIVES at recent collegiate of Colorado. The convention theme, "Now ceremonies were ELEANOR WEIR WELCH, di- That We Have Built," emphasizes the many rector of libraries, Illinois State Normal new library buildings in the state. University, at the inauguration of Lloyd THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF LAW LI- Millard Bertholf as president of Illinois BRARIES has announced plans for a meeting Wesleyan University, Bloomington, on Feb- to be held in New York on June 24, 1959 ruary 11; PATRICIA CATLETT, assistant li- for the purpose of determining the advisi- brarian, Southeastern Louisiana College, at bility of establishing an international as- the inauguration of George Thomas Walk- sociation of law libraries. All institutions, er as president of Northeast Louisiana State law firms, and private individuals interested College, Monroe, on February 20-21; and in the promotion of the development of legal KATHERINE G. HARRIS, reference services di- collections on a multi-national basis are in- rector, Detroit Public Library, at the inaugu- vited to communicate their opinions and ration of Dewey F. Barich as president of suggestions to Professor William R. Roalfe, the Detroit Institute of Technology on Feb- Northwestern University Law School, 357 ruary 28. East Chicago Avenue, Chicago 11. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS of ACRL has THE LONGWOOD LIBRARY has announced designated the dedication ceremonies for the its sponsorship of a proposed edition of new library at Colgate University on April selected correspondence of Rear-Admiral 13 as the inauguration of National Library Samuel Francis du Pont for the years 1861- Week for college and research libraries. Some 1865 to be prepared by Admiral John D. 150 librarians will be among the dignitaries Hayes, U.S.N. (Ret.). Communications are from academic and public life invited to at- requested from anyone having knowledge tend. Honorary degrees will be given to of pertinent materials, particularly letters Archibald MacLeish and Leslie E. Bliss, for- from du Pont to his fellow officers. Contact mer librarian of the Huntington Library.

MARCH 1959 147 A $15,000 GRANT to the National Microfilm ALA WILL INAUGURATE this spring a serv- Association for extending understanding of ice to provide librarians, retailers, and man- the applications of microfilm to library and ufacturers with accurate qualitative informa- similar uses and to be used in connection tion on library equipment and supplies. This with its annual meeting for 1959 has been new service is made possible for ALA made by the Council on Library Resources, through a grant of $136,395 from the Coun- Inc. The Eighth Annual Meeting of the As- cil on Library Resources, Inc. The grant sociation will be held April 2, 3, and 4 at the will support the project for two years. Hotel Mayflower, Washington. "Library Technology: A Standards Pro- Approximately six hundred librarians, gram on Supplies and Equipment" is the archivists, scientists, technicians, government full title of the new project. It will operate and business executives, manufacturers of informally as the ALA Library Technology equipment and supplies, and others con- Project. ALA will administer it through an cerned with the use of all forms of micro- advisory committee appointed from mem- reproduction are expected to attend the bers of LAD. Miss Katharine Stokes, pres- three-day annual meeting, according to Ver- ident of LAD, has named the following as non D. Tate, executive secretary of the Na- the advisory group: Keith Doms, assistant tional Microfilm Association. director, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, A portion of the grant will be used to Chairman; Ralph Blasingame, Jr., state li- defray the costs of perparation, publication, brarian of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg; Donald and distribution of a Guide to Micro-Repro- Coney, librarian of the University of Cali- ducing Equipment, to be edited by Hubbard fornia, Berkeley; John H. Ottemiller, asso- W. Ballou of Columbia University Library. ciate librarian of Yale University, New The Guide will provide for the first time Haven, Conn.; and Miss M. Bernice Wiese, comparable illustrated factual information, supervisor of school libraries, Baltimore De- including prices, about microfilm cameras, partment of Education, Baltimore. The com- printers, processors, reading machines, ac- cessory and other equipment. The Guide mittee held its first meeting in conjunction will be distributed without charge to reg- with the Midwinter Meeting of ALA Coun- istrants at the meeting and to libraries. cil. A second portion of the grant will enable Collection and compilation of existing the display of experimental and other equip- standards for library supplies and equipment not commercially available. A third ment will be the first major program of the portion of the grant will be used to defray project. As soon as this work is under way, some of the expenses of selected archival however, the project will establish its free and library technical personnel from distant information service for the answering of parts of the country to attend and participate mail and telephone inquiries. A handbook in the meeting. collecting present standards into a single Theme of the Eighth Annual Meeting handy volume is an early aim of LTP. After will be "A Century of Microfilm Progress, the compilation of such a volume it is ex- 1859-1959," commemorating the centennial pected that a regular department of the ALA of the first microfilm patent, granted in Bulletin will be used to disseminate further Paris, June 21, 1859, to Rene Prudent Pa- similar data. trice Dagron. Dagron is best remembered for Long range plans for LTP envision the his extensive use of microfilm during the establishment of a testing laboratory and siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War full development of research programs to of 1870. More than 300,000 letters and dis- identify equipment needs of libraries and patches were reproduced on microfilm and to develop needed items of equipment. flown by carrier pigeon in to Paris after LTP is the result of a proposal first fully the city had been surrounded and cut off stated by Melville J. Ruggles, Vice President completely from communication with the of the Council on Library Resources, Inc., outside world. The "pigeon post" anticipated in 1957. Mr. Ruggles outlined the need for the V-Mail of World War II. Examples such a program. Its feasibility was tested of the original microfilms will be on display in a six-months study conducted by John at the meeting. Ottemiller in 1958.

148 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- Personnel

RICHARD E. CHAPIN will be promoted to In all of his positions, Dr. Chapin has the position of director of the Michigan demonstrated unusual ability to analyze and State University Library on July 1, 1959. He to organize, plus exceptional qualities of has been associate personal leadership. He is particularly ef- librarian in charge fective in relationships with faculty and ad- of readers services ministration as well as with the general pub- since 1955. lic, commanding both the respect and the Dr. Chapin brings support of others. For a young and vigor- an interesting back- ous institution such as Michigan State, the ground of academic choice seems a particularly happy one. They preparation and are receiving a vigorous and capable young varied experience to leader who has the vision to plan for major this new assignment. progress, the capacity to secure widespread A native of Illinois, approval and support for the program, and he received his un- the ability to administer the development dergraduate educa- soundly. Library collections may be expected Richard E. Chapin tion at Wabash Col- to continue to grow rapidly in stature, and lege, then went to library services to be expanded imaginatively. the University of Illinois for the M.S. in He also has the potential to contribute L.S. and Ph.D. degrees. The latter was in broadly to the educational program of the the field of communications. Prior to going University. to Michigan State University, he was assistant director of the University of Oklahoma Among Dr. Chapin's professional contri- School of Library Science where he was a butions are one book, Mass Communica- popular and successful teacher and an ex- tions, published in 1957, several articles, and cellent recruiter. Earlier experience was in earlier, the editorship of the Southwestern various departments of the University of Library Association's bulletin. He is chair- Illinois Library, plus some time in another man-elect of the University Libraries Section well-managed institution, the Navy, and a of ACRL and chairman of the Copyright brief stint at Florida State. Revision Committee.—Arthur M. McAnally.

Appointments

JOSEFA ABRERA is bibliographer in the library science and co-director of the Cur- Ohio State University Library. riculum Library, College of Education, Uni- BARBARA BAKER, formerly cataloger in the versity of Arizona. Sutro Library, San Francisco, is now librar- WARREN E. BOES, formerly librarian of ian of the Oakland, California, Teachers' the Chemistry Library of the University of Professional Library. Michigan, is librarian of the Polytechnic In- MRS. EVELYN BAKER is cataloger in the stitute of Brooklyn. Ohio State University Library. MERLE N. BOYLAN, JR., formerly with the JOHN BALKEMA is librarian at the New Public Health Library of the University of York State Psychiatric Institute in New York California at Berkeley, is reference librarian City. at the University of Arizona. EDWARD D. BENNETT, formerly librarian of MARY LOUISE CARLL, supervisor of the the Tufts College Medical and Dental Li- Mathematics and Physics Library at Prince- brary, Boston, is librarian of the Technical ton University from 1948 to 1957, is li- Library of Armco Steel Company, Middle- brarian of the Institute of Mathematical town, Ohio. Science, New York University. DONALD N. BENTZ is assistant professor of BERNIECE M. CHRISTIANSEN, formerly as-

MARCH 1959 149 sociated with the University of California CHARLES T. LAUGHER is assistant director at Los Angeles Library is assistant acquisi- of the Western Reserve University Libraries. tions librarian, University of Houston. PHILIP H. LYMAN is curator of creative JAMES P. CLARK, formerly assistant librar- writing in the University of Florida Library. ian of the University of the South, Sewanee, ROBERT MCLEAN is assistant chief, biologi- Tennessee, is librarian of the Martin Branch cal science division, Michigan University of the University of Tennessee. Library. KERMIT G. CUDD is bibliographer in the ROBERT E. MAIZELL has been appointed Ohio State University Library. to the staff of the American Institute of ROSLYN DAVIS has been appointed assistant Physics, New York City, to direct research reference librarian in charge of the Neu- on the problems of publishing and docu- ropsychiatric Library at New York Univer- mentation in the field of physics. sity-Bellevue Medical Center. NORMAN D. MARTIN is reference and peri- EDITH G. DEMOND is reference librarian odical librarian, Wisconsin State College, of Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsyl- Whitewater. vania. WILLIAM A. MARTIN, formerly librarian DON W. DER is interim assistant librarian of the University of Kansas Undergraduate in charge of the social sciences reading Library, is head of the circulation depart- room, University of Florida. ment of the University of Missouri Library. RONALD DE WAAL is special collections li- KATHERINE L. MONTAGUE has returned to brarian of the University of New Mexico. the University of Tennessee Library after ELOISE EBERT, assistant state librarian of a three-year leave spent in Bolivia, where Oregon since 1949, is now the state librarian. she served as librarian of a six-member HUGH L. ELSBREE, formerly head of the team of specialists from the University of political science department of Wayne State Tennessee. She is now librarian of the University, Detroit, is director of the Legis- undergraduate library of the University of lative Reference Service, Library of Congress. Tennessee. GEORGE C. ELSER is head librarian of JOHN W. MONTGOMERY has been appointed Chaffey College, Ontario, California. librarian of the Swift Library (divinity and MRS. KATHERINE T. EMERSON is assistant librarian and head cataloger at Lehigh philosophy), and instructor in theological University. bibliography on the federated theological faculty of the University of Chicago, effec- BERNARD J. FORD has been appointed head, circulation department, University of Penn- tive April 1, 1959. Mr. Montgomery has a sylvania Library. master's degree in librarianship from the VIOLA GUSTAFSON will become head of University of California and a B.D. from the cataloging department at the University Hanna Divinity School of Wittenberg Col- of Chicago on May 1, 1959. Since 1952 she lege, where he is now an instructor in New has been assistant librarian at John Crerar Testament Greek. Library for acquisitions, cataloging, and CHARLES D. PATTERSON, formerly head li- binding. brarian of Bemidji State College, is librarian of the Glenville, West Virginia, State Col- PAUL L. HORECKY has been appointed assistant chief of the Slavic and Central Euro- lege. pean division at the Library of Congress. VERN M. PINGS, formerly assistant librarian, engineering library, University of Wisconsin, SIDNEY L. JACKSON, formerly at Brooklyn Public Library, is associate professor of li- became librarian, Ohio Northern University, brary science, Kent State University. Ada, on February 1, 1959. Mr. Pings was MICHAEL V. KRENITSKY, assistant librarian awarded the Ph.D. degree in Education at Texas A. & M., is on a three-month as- from the University of Wisconsin in Jan- signment as university libraries consultant uary 1959. to the Indonesian government. The assign- L. MILES RAISIG is supervisor of catalog- ment is under the sponsorship of the Inter- ing, U. S. Military Academy Library, West national Cooperation Administration of the Point, New York. United States State Department. MORTON ROSENSTOCK has been appointed

150 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- librarian and assistant professor of social MARIE P. TEKESKEY is chief of the North studies of the newly established Bronx Com- Carolina Interlibrary Center, Chapel Hill. munity College. MARGARET HYER THOMAS has returned to JOHN SHELDON has been appointed cata- her former position as cataloger in the loger in the Carol M. Newman Library, Southern Methodist University Library, Dal- Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, las, Texas. Virginia. EGON A. WEISS is assistant librarian, U. S. GEORGE L. SKINNER, formerly associate law Military Academy, West Point, New York. librarian of the University of Oaklahoma, THEODOR B. YERKE, formerly librarian of is law librarian of the University of Mis- the California College of Arts and Crafts, souri. is DeGolyer librarian, Southern Methodist JOSEF STUMMVOLL, director of the Aus- University Library, Dallas, Texas. trian National Library since 1948, has been HOWARD K. ZANBERGEN is assistant librar- appointed director of the United Nations ian in charge of the bibliography room, Uni- Headquarters Library, New York. versity of Florida Library.

Retirements

FRANCES AMBUHL, head cataloger at the administrative post in July 1959 in accord- Newberry Library since 1933, retired in ance with the policy of the University. In November 1958 after more than thirty years 1959-60 he will be on retirement furlough, of library service. and he will return to serve two more years HELEN DAWLEY, assistant head of the cata- as professor of bibliography until his official loging department and head of the social retirement from the faculty. science cataloging section at the University A graduate of Harvard and the University of Chicago, retired on December 31 after of Illinois Library School, Mr. Towne served more than forty-two years of service. in the libraries of Yale, Iowa State Univer- ERNEST S. GRIFFITH has retired as director sity, New York University, and George Pea- of the Legislative Reference Service, Library body College before coming to East Lansing. of Congress, to become dean of the School At this last post he directed the library of International Relations, American Uni- in the period of the University's greatest versity, Washington, D. C. growth. The collections increased to nearly EVIE SHAW, assistant librarian of the Ar- 900,000 volumes, and the handsome new kansas State Teachers College, Conway, has building now occupied by the M.S.U. Li- retired after thirty-seven years of service. brary was constructed. ELEANOR STEPHENS, state librarian of Ore- Mr. Towne's plans for the immediate gon, has retired after forty-five years of pro- future includes a wide range of bibliographi- fessional service. cal research. Fortunately for his many JACKSON E. TOWNE, librarian of Michigan friends, he plans to travel extensively in the State University since 1932, retires from his course of his studies.—L.S.T.

Necrology

BESSIE BOUGHTON, cataloger in the Univer- tance; whether her name is attached to cer- sity of Kentucky Library since 1931, died on tain pieces or not, she often contributed to December 17, 1958. the work of others, at their request, by turning her critical and probing mind to the MARGARET EGAN died on January 26, 1959. matter her colleagues had in hand. Library Her writing in the allied fields of librarian- school students at Chicago and Western Re- ship and documentation is both intensive serve who studied with her constitute an- and extensive. Alone, or often with others, other monument to her gifts; the intellectual she produced documents of lasting impor- time-bombs she set off in them, as in her

MARCH 1959 151 written work, are the epitome of superb Later, events separated us. Her letters, teaching. The discerning student and reader though infrequent, were marvels of com- can evaluate her contribution to the forward munication, and our occasional reunions movement of librarianship and documenta- meant we could pick up where we had tion better than I could hope to do through stopped with an immediate renewal of un- a brief, objective summary of her career and derstanding. Margaret Egan's work and ideas writing. and personal qualities affected hosts of It is of Margaret Egan the friend and in- others. Her effect on the world of scholar- dividual that it is hard to write. The diffi- ship has been and will increasingly be pro- culty lies in the fact that she was a deeply found. Her courage took her into deep moving force in the lives of each of her waters where she has already demonstrated friends, and that she meant something differ- her great value as an explorer, a mover and ent to each one. I can speak only for myself, shaker. Those privileged to work with her, yet our long friendship over rough terrain study under her direction, and share her may enable me to give those who did not special professional interests mourn her know her a glimpse of her integrity, warmth, early death because it is a loss we can ill loyalty, saltiness, and valor. afford. Those of us who knew her as a true Seventeen years ago, she and I, as students friend as well as a colleague know that we in the Graduate Library School, became are diminished in ourselves by her death. friends. We shared many conditions of ex- I can tell you only of one friend's relation istence: never enough money for a square with Margaret Egan; other friends could meal without a day of fasting to follow, tell other stories, but all would have one chronic fatigue from trying to squeeze all central theme, that of a generous and gifted we could out of the exhilarating GLS experience while working at odd—sometimes very woman whose touch on our lives was in- Eileen Thornton. odd—library jobs, and a passion for endless finitely enriching.— talk on any subject whatever. We shared too ALTON H. KELLER, chief of the Exchange a madness for the old bookstores in the and Gift Division of the Library of Con- Loop, and often made forays there with gress and a member of the staff there since market bags and an ill-spared dollar which 1933, died February 8 at the age of forty- brought us infinite pleasure and delight. We six. both had family worries, and we both knew A member of both ALA and the Special we might run out of money or strength to Libraries Association, Mr. Keller served as stay the GLS course. We bolstered each oth- a member of many committees of the former er up, though on looking back I suspect that and was chairman of the program committee I leaned more heavily and often than she planning meetings of ACRL for the 1959 did. Annual Conference of ALA in Washington. She had what I knew I lacked, a brilliant, He was particularly active in the American electric mind coupled with a cosmic sense of Association of State Libraries and worked humor; she threw away lines that profession- tirelessly in its behalf. He was chairman of al philosophers and wits might have built its committee concerned with setting stand- careers on. My last year at Chicago was one ards of service for state libraries. prolonged birth-pang to produce a mere During the last five years, Mr. Keller Master's paper; even then her contribution visited state librarians and other state of- to a colleague was typically thorough and ficials in every state in the Union to im- typically selfless. With one hand she calmed prove arrangements for exchanging federal and encouraged, while with the other she and state publications and to increase the pointed out fallacy after fallacy, weakness coverage of state publications by LC. He after weakness, oversight after oversight. It was in charge of arrangements for the first was no negative performance, but always the Assembly of State Librarians which, at the born teacher's gift of turning me back on my invitation of the Librarian of Congress, met own work to better it, to learn from it. And at LC last fall. The success of this under- all of this, always, with no count of the cost taking was in large part the result of Mr. to herself in time and energy. Keller's energetic and effective planning.

152 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- To his committee activities, as to each of the deanship of Warren P. Laird the faculty the several positions which he occupied at elected her an honorary member in recogni- LC since he entered the Card Department tion of her contribution to the school. there in 1933, Mr. Keller brought a thor- Miss Morris' activities were not confined ough knowledge of library procedures, a to her work in the University. She was one particular skill in organization and control of the founding members of the Special Li- of materials, and a high sense of administra- braries Council of Philadelphia and served tive responsibility. as its chairman from 1923 to 1925. She was DEBORAH MORRIS died in Hammonton, active as a member of the Art Reference New Jersey, on January 30, 1959. Miss Mor- Round Table of ALA and of SLA's Museum ris served as librarian of the Fine Arts Li- Section. She also participated in the affairs brary of the University of Pennsylvania from of the Pennsylvania Library Association and 1906 until her retirement in 1952. During the Music Library Association.

Foreign Libraries

CARLOS LARRAZABAL BLANCO is interim ment of printed books and has served the director of the Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas, Museum in various capacities for thirty years. Venezuela. CESAREO GOICOCHEA is director of Biblio- H. DE BUCK has retired from the librar- teca Nacional, Madrid. ianship of the University of Groningen. PORFIRIO DIAZ MACHICADO has been ap- FRANK CHALTON FRANCIS is director and pointed director of the library of the Uni- principal librarian of the British Museum. versidad de San Andres, Bolivia, replacing Mr. Francis has been keeper of the depart- the late Humberto Machicado.

School for Administrators (Continued from page 133)

have no doubt that I learned a great deal to be a librarian and that as a conse- from my three months with Metcalf and quence I shall find it easier to be a better company. Much of what I absorbed was librarian myself." factual and specific and should prove The educational objectives of the sem- useful to a struggling young administra- inar were not spelled out in verbose and tor, but I have the feeling that in the confusing prose. For that reason one can years ahead I will derive much more briefly summarize them as follows: They benefit from certain of the less tangible were to help practicing library adminis- aspects of the seminar. For one thing trators further their understanding of (and I am not sure just how this came the management functions in research li- about) I feel that my attitude toward braries, to sharpen their knowledge of library work has taken a definite turn administrative skills, and to increase for the better. Librarians have a distinct their effectiveness in supervisory posi- tendency to apologize for the profession tions. The final success of the program and I was as guilty of this as the next can only be determined in terms of the person. Thanks to the seminar I am achievements and contributions of the much better satisfied that what we do is participants in the years ahead. The Car- as important to the institutions we serve negie Project exposed the fellows to li- as anything else that is being done within brary administration on a high level; them. In short, I think I have a much development will be an individual mat- better understanding of what it means ter.

MARCH 1959 153 ACRL Board of Directors: Midwinter Meetings

BRIEF OF MINUTES Standards prepared by the committee of which he is chairman. He summarized the JANUARY 29 procedure of his committee in producing its document and relayed to the Board selected Present: Officers, President Lewis C. comments of librarians, administrators, and Branscomb, Vice President Wyman W. Par- educators on the final draft. General ap- ker; directors-at-large, Elizabeth Findly, Pa- proval of the draft was enthusiastic, but tricia P. Paylore; directors representing sec- discussion raised some questions concerning tions, Lottie M. Skidmore, Katherine Walk- its provision concerning audio-visual mate- er; directors on ALA Council, John F. Har- rials. Mr. Harvey moved the strengthening vey, Robert R. Hertel, Newton F. McKeon, of one sentence and, on motion of Mr. Par- Jr., Elizabeth O. Stone, Jackson E. Towne; ker, the standards were approved with the section chairmen (non-voting), J. Terry revision proposed by Mr. Harvey. (The Bender, Edward C. Heintz, Carl W. Hintz, standards will be printed in a later issue of Gertrude W. Rounds; ACRL Executive Sec- CRL.) Mr. Hirsch suggested that the stand- retary (non-voting), Richard B. Harwell. ards be promulgated by separate publica- Guests: Mrs. }. Henley Crosland, Felix E. tion as well as by publication in CRL and Hirsch, Robert W. Orr, Giles F. Shepherd, that copies be distributed to administrative Jr., Maurice F. Tauber, Stanley L. West. officers and to regional accrediting agencies Absent: Carson W. Bennett, Fleming Ben- without charge and to others for a nominal nett, Herbert T. F. Cahoon, Mrs. Mary Man- sum and that the type be held to meet fu- ning Cook, Elmer M. Grieder, Ralph H. ture demands. Mr. Hertel moved that the Hopp, John H. Ottemiller, Orlin C. Spicer, distribution of five thousand copies be au- H. Dean Stallings, Eileen Thornton, Lau- thorized. The motion passed. Mr. Hertel rence E. Tomlinson, Constance M. Winchell, then moved that the Board express its con- Walter W. Wright. gratulations and thanks and the thanks of After a few introductory remarks by Pres- all of ACRL to Mr. Hirsch and his com- ident Branscomb, Mr. West reported the mittee for their long, sincere, and effective candidates for office nominated by the work. ACRL Nominating Committee and the section nominating committees except the Rare Mr. Orr reported on the work of the Books Section. (Nominations are published ACRL Committee on Organization. He em- elsewhere in this issue of CRL.) phasized that the committee was primarily Mrs. J. Henley Crosland gave a report concerned with determining areas of posi- of her work as chairman of the Foundation tive action for ACRL and its sections and Grants Committee. General discussion fol- that questions relating solely to internal lowing her report emphasized the desirabil- organization would be deferred in favor of ity of making grants available in both hu- an active program. He pointed out, how- manistic and scientific areas, the necessity ever, that the proposals of the ALA Con- for full ALA support of activities concerned stitution and Bylaws Committee which will with college and university libraries, and be voted on by ALA Council at Washing- necessity for a corpus of facts about college ton will have a continuing effect on ACRL and university libraries in efforts to broaden organization and, through it, on ACRL pro- support of the ACRL grants program. It gram. He summarized the conclusions of was the sense of the Board that the commit- his committee as that the adoption of the tee has full authority to plan and carry for- suggested changes would be unduly restric- ward an intensified program. tive on an individual division in the con- Mr. Hirsch submitted the College Library duct of its own affairs and pointed out the

154 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- specific provisions in the proposed amend- university librarians work with that office ments that might alter ACRL policy. Mr. and the Library Administration Division's Parker moved that ACRL oppose all por- Committee on Federal Relations in promot- tions of the proposed revisions of Article ing legislation advantageous to college, uni- VI of the ALA Bylaws which are unduly versity, and research libraries. He reported restrictive and interfere with the internal that Miss Krettek had already called his at- administration of the division and that tention to several bills already introduced ACRL's representatives on the ALA Coun- in the new Congress that are of special in- cil be urged to oppose such revisions in the terest to libraries. next meeting of Council. Reports were received from the several section chairmen. Most were strictly interim JANUARY 30 reports. The report from the University Li- braries Section (Mr. Hintz, chairman) lays Present: Officers, President Lewis C. Brans- out an ambitious program which has already comb; directors-at-large, Elizabeth Findly; been initiated with the establishment of directors representing sections, Lottie M. committees on academic status, economic Skidmore, Katherine Walker; directors on status, research, and university library sur- ALA Council, John F. Harvey, Newton F. veys. Mr. Bender reported the rapid and McKeon, Jr., Elizabeth O. Stone; section vigorous development of the Rare Books chairmen (non-voting), J. Terry Bender, Section and called attention to the pre-con- Carl W. Hintz, Gertrude W. Rounds; ACRL ference meeting sponsored by the section Executive Secretary (non-voting), Richard B. which will be held at Charlottesville, Vir- Harwell. Guests: Arthur T. Hamlin, Mary D. ginia, June 18-20. Herrick, Edmon Low. Mr. Low made an informative and in- Absent: Carson W. Bennett, Fleming Ben- teresting report on the work and plans of nett, Herbert T. F. Cahoon, Mrs. Mary Man- the Advisory Committee on Cooperation ning Cook, Elmer M. Grieder, Robert R. With Educational and Professional Organi- Hertel, Edward C. Heintz, Ralph H. Hopp, zations. Mr. Harwell reported briefly for John H. Ottemiller, Wyman W. Parker, Pa- the Advisory Committee to Administer the tricia P. Paylore, Orlin C. Spicer, H. Dean Rangoon Project (Robert B. Downs, chair- Stallings, Eileen Thornton, Laurence E. man). The Board voted to receive the re- Tomlinson, Jackson E. Towne, Constance M. port of the Committee to Investigate the Winchell, Walter W. Wright. Need for Establishing an Awards Commit- Mr. Harwell reported for Mr. Orr on tee Within ACRL (Russell Shank, chair- ACRL's representation at the Midwinter man) and deferred further action concern- meeting of the ALA Program Evaluation ing awards. Mr. Hamlin reported from the and Budget Committee. He noted that re- Committee on Committees. The Board ac- quests for appropriations to be included in cepted Richard H. Logsdon's report from the 1959-60 budget must be received dur- the Committee on National Library Week. ing this spring. Reports were received from each of President Branscomb called the attention ACRL's editors: Mrs. Margaret Toth, edi- of the Board to the pamphlet just pub- tor of the ACRL Microcard Series, Rolland lished by ALA, Library Opportunities in Stevens, editor of the ACRL Monographs, the National Defense Education Act. There and Maurice F. Tauber, editor of CRL. A was general discussion deploring the ab- report was received from the ACRL repre- sence in the act of specific provisions to sentative on the AASL-ACRL-DAVI Joint aid college and university libraries. Mr. Committee on Mutual Interests in the Audio- Branscomb noted the importance of work- Visual Field (Richard Chapin). ing toward fuller representation of library The following official actions were voted interests in the preparation of bills to go at this meeting: before Congress. Mr. Harwell praised the effectiveness of the work in this area of To receive the report of the Committee Miss Germaine Krettek in the Washington to Investigate the Need for Establishing office of ALA and urged that college and an Awards Committee Within ACRL and

MARCH 1959 155 to discharge the committee with the membership of the joint committee to in- thanks of the Board; to convey to the clude representation of other ALA divi- ALA Awards Committee through its sions and of other organizations outside chairman, Wyman Parker, that the report the ALA. indicated that ACRL should participate in an awards program only if a substan- Mr. Branscomb called the attention of tial financial award can be a part of it. those present to the lack of a quorum at To change the name of the Committee this meeting and at the point in Thurs- on Foundation Grants to Committee on day's meeting when the motion concerning Grants. amendments to the ALA Bylaws Avas To designate the dedication ceremonies adopted. He noted that a mail vote by the for the new library at Colgate University Board would be needed to confirm the ac- April 13 as the inauguration of National tions taken by the Board in the absence of Library Week for college and research a quorum. Mr. Hamlin spoke strongly on libraries. the responsibility of Board members to be To continue ACRL representation on present at meetings and to participate in the AASL-ACRL-DAVI Joint Committee divisional affairs. His point was emphasized on Mutual Interests in the Audio-Visual and supported in further comments by Mr. Field and to endorse expansion of the Branscomb, Miss Skidmore, and others.

ARL Meeting

THE FARMINGTON PLAN, a cooperative ar- should be accepted as a major and continu- rangement among some sixty American li- ing ARL responsibility. braries, was the principal topic of discus- 2. "The coordinated effort to assure ade- sion at the fifty-second meeting of the As- quate coverage of currently published for- sociation of Research Libraries in Chicago, eign library materials of scholarly importance January 26, 1959. A special conference, at- should be extended and strengthened, on a tended by representatives of the Farmington world-wide basis. Plan participants and of such groups as 3. "The Farmington Plan Committee divisions and sections of the ALA, the Na- should be chartered and supported as the re- tional Science Foundation, and the Central sponsible, central committee for ARL in Intelligence Agency, occupied most of the this whole field. Toward this end, the Com- day. Participants discussed the report of a survey of the first ten years of the Farming- mittee should be adequately staffed, and ton Plan conducted by Robert Vosper and should be authorized to proceed as may Robert Talmadge of the University of Kan- be necessary through subcommittees and co- sas Library under the direction of Robert opted members. It should be responsible for Downs, Dean of Library Administration of continuous liaison with all appropriate the University of Illinois and chairman of scholarly, educational, and governmental the ARL Farmington Plan Committee. bodies, as well as with appropriate joint After full discussion of the achievements committees. The Committee's activities and the weaknesses of the Plan in bringing should encompass continuous study and as- to this country scholarly books which might sessment of needs, operation of programs, not otherwise have been acquired, the con- and review and analysis of programs in ference agreed upon the following recom- action. mendations, which were later approved 4. "ARL should continue to seek, or it- unanimously by the Association of Research self provide, funds for secretarial and re- Libraries: search assistance for the Committee and its 1. "Leadership in the development and office. If possible the Committee chairman coordination of major scholarly acquisitions and the office should continue to be located programs of national scope and importance together.

156 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- 5. "Certain operating patterns of the important fields, offers one ready-made pro- Farmington Plan, as they have developed cedure toward this end. particularly in western Europe, should be 9. "ARL should continue to bring force- modified along lines mentioned by the sur- fully to the attention of appropriate govern- vey report: looking toward a more flexible mental agencies, educational bodies, and and decentralized selection and procurement foundations that the national pool of research books and journals is of high national pattern, while still assuring that adequate importance, that an effectively coordinated records are maintained for purposes of national program for world-wide coverage study and review. In accomplishing this, is an expensive but urgent undertaking, and a subcommittee on procurement from west- that adequate assistance through direct, ern Europe may be in order. long-term financing and through staff aid 6. "The strengthened Farmington Plan is in the national interest. Committee should give high priority to At its regular meeting ARL discussed fostering and experimenting with flexible, a number of problems of importance to re- coordinated procurement efforts in other search libraries. Edward Freehafer, director parts of the world, along lines recommended of the New York Public Library and chair- in the area working papers; in pursuing man of the ARL-sponsored joint libraries this task the Committee will need to develop committee on fair use in photocopying, re- effective relationships, as noted in (3) above, ported on the progress made by that com- with the appropriate working committees mittee in attempting to define principles in the several areas, in order to be certain and procedures which will protect both the of receiving adequate specialized service. rights of holders of copyright and the tradi- 7. "Prior to the development of a system- tional rights of scholars. ARL approved the atic procurement program for better cov- employment of legal counsel to advise this erage of foreign periodicals, the Farmington committee. Lawrence Thompson, director of libraries at the University of Kentucky, Plan Committee should institute some sample reported that plans were nearly complete studies, along lines proposed in working pa- for a cooperative pool of microfilms of of- per III, to ascertain the adequacy of our ficial gazettes of foreign countries. Reports holdings, especially in the humanities and were heard from committees concerned with social sciences, as well as in engineering. In microtext standards, with a survey of re- the meantime, steps should be taken to tight- sources in Slavic studies in American li- en up procedures for securing, selecting, and braries, and with microfilming of doctoral recording sample issues of new periodicals. dissertations. 8. "Attention should be given to the need Minutes of the ARL meeting and proceed- for more extensive duplication among ings of the Farmington Plan Conference American libraries of the important, cur- will soon be available from the executive rently published foreign books. Multiple secretary of ARL, William S. Dix, librarian use of assigned Farmington Plan agents, in of Princeton University.

Art Librarians Form Sub-Section

Art librarians organized a sub-section of ACRL's Subject Specialists Section at Midwinter. The group plans its first meeting as a part of ALA's Washington Conference. Ruth E. Schoneman, librarian of the Art Institute of Chicago, is chairman of the organizing committee of the sub-section. Recognition of the group of art librarians as the first sub-section of subject specialists came with the approval of a petition from thirty-five art librarians by the executive committee of the Subject Specialists Section at its meeting January 29.

MARCH 1959 157 Nominees for ACRL

PRESIDENT Wyman W. Parker, Wesleyan University Library, Middletown, Connecticut.

VICE-PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT-ELECT Mrs. J. Henley Crosland, Georgia Institute of Technology Libraries, Atlanta. Edmon Low, Oklahoma State University Library, Stillwater.

DIRECTOR AT LARGE (1959-62) Dale M. Bentz, State University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City. Neal R. Harlow, University of British Columbia Library, Vancouver.

COLLEGE LIBRARIES SECTION

CHAIRMAN: Morrison C. Haviland, University of Vermont Library, Burlington.

VICE-CHAIRMAN AND CHAIRMAN-ELECT: Henry Alden, Grinnell College Library, Grinnell, Iowa. Donald E. Thompson, Wabash College Library, Crawfordsville, Indiana.

SECRETARY: Ada E. Berkey, Western Michigan University Library, Kalamazoo. Victoria E. Hargrave, MacMurray College Library, Jacksonville, Illinois.

JUNIOR COLLEGE LIBRARIES SECTION

CHAIRMAN: Helen Mitchell, Clark College Library, Vancouver, Washington.

VICE-CHAIRMAN AND CHAIRMAN-ELECT: Catherine Cardew, Briarcliff Junior College Library, Briarcliff Manor, New York. Barbara M. Smith, Green Mountain Junior College Library, Poultney, Ver- mont.

SECRETARY: Frances Atwood, Lasell Junior College Library, Auburndale, Massachusetts. Helen Abel Brown, St. Mary's Junior College Library, Raleigh, North Carolina.

RARE BOOKS SECTION

CHAIRMAN: James T. Babb, Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut.

VICE-CHAIRMAN AND CHAIRMAN-ELECT: Frederick Golf, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

SECRETARY: Tyrus G. Harmsen, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

158 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- Offices, 1959-60

SUBJECT SPECIALISTS SECTION

CHAIRMAN: Ruth M. Heiss, Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio.

VICE-CHAIRMAN AND CHAIRMAN-ELECT: George S. Bonn, Science and Technology Division, New York Public Library, New York. Charles H. Stevens, Lincoln Laboratory Library, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

TEACHER EDUCATION LIBRARIES SECTION

CHAIRMAN: Thelma C. Bird, Teaching Materials Library, Indiana State Teachers College, Terre Haute.

SECRETARY AND CHAIRMAN-ELECT: Frances Breen, State University Teachers College, Plattsburg, New York. Fritz Veit, Chicago Teachers College and Chicago City Junior College, Wood- row Wilson Branch, Libraries, Chicago, Illinois.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES SECTION

CHAIRMAN: Richard E. Chapin, Michigan State University Library, East Lansing.

VICE-CHAIRMAN AND CHAIRMAN-ELECT: Ralph W. McComb, Pennsylvania State University Library, University Park. Ralph E. McCoy, Southern Illinois University Libraries, Carbondale.

SECRETARY: Ruth C. Ringo, University of Tennessee Library, Knoxville. Jo Ann Wiles, Library School Library, University of Illinois, Urbana.

DIRECTORS ON ALA COUNCIL (four to be elected)

Helen M. Brown, Wellesley College Library, Wellesley, Massachusetts. Lois E. Engleman, Denison University Library, Granville, Ohio.

James Humphry III, Metropolitan Museum of Art Library, New York, New York. Frank N. Jones, Peabody Institute Library, Baltimore, Maryland.

Ralph H. Hopp, University of Minnesota Libraries, Minneapolis. Marion Milczewski, University of California Libraries, Berkeley.

J. Richard Blanchard, University of California Libraries, Davis. W. Porter Kellam, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens.

MARCH 1959 159 Review Articles

the academic community of fifty eastern lib- The Status of Librarians eral arts colleges showed that faculty rank The Status of American College and Univer- and status was accorded to 24 per cent of sity Librarians. Edited by Robert B. Downs. this group, although 72 per cent of the chief Chicago: American Library Association, librarians held rank. In 1951, Lundy's study 1958. 184p. $3.50. (ACRL Monograph of thirty-five universities revealed that 40 Number 22.) per cent of the group clearly identified the library staff with the teaching and research One is certainly grateful to Dr. Downs staff. Another 20 per cent had accepted and the ACRL monograph editors for col- librarians into the faculty with various res- lecting into one volume the most important ervations and limitations, and about 40 per professional writings on the status of col- cent either regarded librarians as a special lege and university librarians which have professional group or else had found no appeared in the postwar period (with the solution as to the best method for recog- exception of Robert W. McEwen's "The nizing the work of professional librarians. Status of College Librarians" which was pub- Dr. Downs's 1957 survey of librarian status lished in College and Research Libraries in in 115 leading universities shows that 54 per June 1942 and which is included). Dr. cent of the universities grant faculty status Downs has had a further happy thought to librarians, with or without specific faculty which can be best explained in the words ranking. In 35 per cent of the universities, of his own preface: "Because the present the librarians are regarded as a separate monograph's chief aim is to provide prac- professional group or they may be part of tical assistance to librarians and institutions the administrative-employee class. Signifi- struggling with matters of status, it was de- cantly, Downs notes that in 11 per cent of cided to arrange the group of papers in re- the total, in publicly controlled institutions, verse chronological order. Ordinarily, the the librarians came under civil service reg- recent data are being sought, and therefore ulations, although some of the top-ranking it may be a convenience for readers to be- staff members in this group are exempted gin with the most up-to-date findings. . . ." from civil service. Glaciers move faster than What is the status of the college and uni- faculty status for librarians but it is evident versity librarian in America today? Are col- in these general surveys extending from 1949 lege and university librarians affiliated with to 1957 (more evident if one goes back to the faculty? Do they have comparable or the McMillen study of 1940) that the trend equivalent status with respect to voice and is in the direction of giving librarians full vote in faculty meetings, participation in academic status with most of the rights and academic functions, salary, tenure, sick leave, privileges of faculty members. It is also retirement, and sabbaticals, and are they clear that the conditions of work and the thought of as being a part of the faculty amount of responsibility attached to various group? A partial answer at least is supplied stages in the two professions are too differ- by comparing three general studies (gen- ent to allow of precise assimilation. Thus eral as applying to many institutions and as librarians who are normally identified with opposed to the study of a particular library the faculty of a university rarely receive personnel program) included in this ACRL identically the same salaries, the same vaca- monograph: Gelfand's 1949 survey of library tions, or precisely the same sabbatical privi- staffs in fifty eastern liberal arts colleges, lege as other faculty members. Neither do Lundy's 1951 study of faculty status for li- all librarians agree that staff members must brarians in thirty-five representative univer- have faculty rank and titles to maintain a sities, and Downs's 1957 survey, the most position of dignity and importance on the recent of its kind, of the current status of campus. Nevertheless, in spite of the diver- library staffs in 115 major universities. In sity of opinion on the matter of desirability 1949, Gelfand's picture of the librarian in of such status, even among librarians, the

160 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- fact is that more and more colleges and uni- cialization," William H. Carlson's "The versities are identifying their library staffs Trend Toward Academic Recognition of with the academic group. It is Dr. Downs's College Librarians," Robert H. Muller's firm conviction that over the years the full "Faculty Rank for Library Staff Members identification of librarians with the faculty, in Medium-Sized Universities and Colleges," with all the rights and privileges which this Felix Reichmann's "Hercules and Antaeus," status implies, will create the best kind of Lawrence Thompson's "Preparation and Sta- library service to students and faculty. And, tus of Personnel," Sidney H. Ditzion's "Col- of course, he is fundamentally right. In time lege Librarians and the Higher Learning," the second class status and/or "separate but the Lundy and Gelfand studies previously equal" status will eventually become anom- mentioned in this review, and three contri- alous. This is not to suggest that every head butions by the editor himself. Lewis C. librarian or professional library staff that Branscomb's "The Quest for Faculty Rank" has not yet reached faculty status should (that title gives me a haunting sense of ex- rush headlong into the battle, armed with ile from a passionate paradise) and Rob- copies of this report, to demand full fac- ert M. Pierson and Howard Rovelstadt's ulty privileges. Neither should the head "The Case of Faculty Status for Librarians" librarian or library staff that has not yet appear here for the first time in public print. achieved all that Dr. Downs and others have The whole book—though perhaps, it is in terms of status for professional librarians less a book than a series of papers—makes feel miserable, downcast, and frustrated. Too an eloquent appeal on behalf of the impor- much preoccupation with staff status leads tance of librarianship and its being highly to fancied grievances, to dulling the imag- regarded and intelligently rewarded by the ination, and to the forming of a hard de- institutions whom the librarians serve. One fensive crust on the mind which results in might hope that such a book was quite un- inflexibility. Dr. Downs and his contributors necessary, but even in these days no one say clearly what must be done to achieve can say that it is not needed, in view of the a satisfactory staff status. If conditions at amount of shallow depreciation that is cur- Illinois and elsewhere seem somewhat re- rent in some places by administrators and mote from one's present situation, be of faculty members who ought to know better good cheer because if one has imagination, —and frequently do, because in public ad- if he has a clear-cut conception of the li- dress they continue to refer to the library brary's role in the college or university, if as "the heart of the institution." This leads he takes every reasonable opportunity to one to the optimistic conclusion that col- make known the nature and importance of leges and universities may get along without this role, and if in public performance and full recognition for librarians as faculty personal conviction he measures library suc- members but they cannot get along without cess in terms of quality rather than quan- libraries.—Guy R. Lyle, Emory University tity, then in good time all librarians—from Library. the head librarian to the beginning professional librarian—will be accepted fully as members of the instructional or academic staff of the college or university. Industrial Information As every good compiler should, Dr. Downs Information and Communication Practice in introduces the authors and pages contained Industry. Edited by T. E. R. Singer. New in this monograph by precise reference to York: Reinhold Publishing Corp., 304p., the source of the maiden publication, and $8.75. also summarizes the major points or purpose of each contribution. Apparently all but Present practices and services in industrial two of the articles have been previously libraries and information departments are published. They include Paul H. Buck's "A discussed in this book. The distinction be- New Personnel Program for Harvard Li- tween an industrial library and an informa- brarians," Patricia Knapp's "The College tion department is not a sharp one. The in- Librarian: Sociology of a Professional Spe- dustrial library which collects, abstracts, or-

MARCH 1959 161 ganizes, and translates published literature ernment libraries.—Gerald Jahoda, Tech- is sometimes called an information depart- nical Information Division, Esso Research ment for reasons of prestige and/or to get and Engineering Co. the librarian into a higher pay classification. More often than not, however, the information department handles internal as well as external (published) literature and has tech- Mass Communications nical writing and editing functions. The broader definition of an information depart- Research ment is accepted in this book. The intro- Introduction to Mass Communications Re- ductory survey-type chapter lists and briefly search. describes operations in a special library and Edited by Ralph O. Nafziger and gives some budget data. The other chapters David M. White. Baton Rouge: Louisiana range from the "how-to-do" type (the four State University Press, 1958. 244p. $5.00. chapters on patent searching, technical writ- Even after reading the book, the tempta- ing, illustrating, and editing) to theoretical tion is great to quote extensively from the discussions (the three chapters on linguistics, preface, in which the editors so well de- language and terminology, indexing and scribe their intent, for the reader's judg- classification). There are also chapters on ment of their success in fulfilling that intent operations research as applied to informa- will vary inversely with his own prior tion work, the organization of internal re- knowledge of and experience with scientific search records and classified patent collec- research methodology in the social sciences. tions, mechanical aids for proper presenta- Eschewing quotation, it is at least necessary tion, punched card techniques, translating to note that this volume is a lineal successor and abstracting, and the training of litera- to the earlier (1949) An Introduction to ture scientists. Journalism Research, also sponsored by the Since the entire gamut of information ac- Council on Communications Research of the tivity is covered in a relatively thin though Association for Education in Journalism. expensive book, it is not surprising that The title was broadened from "journalism" most of the subjects included are covered to "mass communications," even as the scope in greater detail someplace else. This is par- was narrowed from all of research method- ticularly true with technical writing, tech- ology to "concentrate on research methods nical editing, and punched card techniques. in mass communication from a behavioral The chapter on the organization of research point of view." records is a notable exception in that it is The intent is to acquaint new graduate more extensive than anything which has students in the field of journalism with been seen by this reviewer thus far. No cor- the research methodology now available for respondingly comprehensive articles on ab- approaching the many and expanding prob- stracting and translating are available. The lems in the field; to an extent the book is two chapters in this book are a good start; also an outline of procedure from the in- it is hoped that a more definitive work will ception of a problem, through its planning, soon be forthcoming. to the statistical interpretation of the data. After reading many books and articles in As such it will also be useful to students in this field many of us are left with the im- librarianship bent on following and broad- pression that all this is very interesting but ening the trail blazed by Waples and Berel- it does not really apply to our specific prob- son. lems. The reader of this book is likely to The volume contains seven essays by as come to the same conclusion, but he will many authors on such topics as planning; also be exposed to a number of stimulating experimental, field, and statistical methods; ideas and will have excellent bibliographies and "The Challenge to Communication Re- available on most of the subjects covered. search." Since all of the authors are work- It is for these two reasons that the book is ing over pretty much the same material recommended to special librarians in indus- from individual points of view, there is try as well as in public, university, and gov- a goodly amount of repetition, which, for

162 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- neophytes in a very technical field, is not so the analysis of the data in the report is at all bad. essentially qualitative and discursive. It was not the intent of the editors or au- The scope set for the study was all the thors to provide a handbook of procedure, channels through which scientists exchange statistical or otherwise; their job was rather and gather information, and all functions to suggest ways of approaching research, pos- which scientific communication facilities are sible refinements, relevant statistical proce- called upon to perform. dures, all of which are carefully documented Since so much emphasis has been placed in extensive notes and footnote references upon means for finding answers to specific to which the interested reader may go for questions, special emphasis is laid, in this further, more detailed information. To study, on instances in which scientists se- apply the cliche "mine of information" would cured answers to specific questions in ways be misleading; the volume is rather of the other than those designed for this purpose. nature of a detailed report of the activities Twenty-eight reports were obtained on in- of an assay office. The suggestions of how formation sought outside the "regular chan- and where to dig are there; the digging the nels of search," primarily by asking other student will have to do for himself.—LeRoy people. Of these about two-thirds dealt with Charles Merritt, University of California. details of procedure. A few involved performance of experiments or expert judgments but most of the remaining two-thirds were materials of the type that should nor- Flow of Scientific mally appear in the literature and about half actually did involve asking someone Information else to provide the literature citations. The first chapter suggests as projects for further The Flow of Information among Scientists: research: (1) to determine how adequately Problems, Opportunities, and Research information from personal sources is avail- Questions. Prepared by Columbia Univer- able; (2) should more varieties of informa- sity, Bureau of Applied Social Research, tion be securable in print, or should in- May 1958. New York: The Bureau, 1958. formal channels be made more widely us- 202p. (mimeographed). able? (3) how can informal (i.e. personal) channels be made more widely usable? (4) This pilot study, prepared for the Na- should more be made available through tional Science Foundation, was undertaken print (a) by having more printed or (b) by to explore the possible contributions of re- making what is printed easier to find? (5) search by interview methods to the problems what makes published information hard to of exchange of scientific information. Its locate? (6) why is information of certain purpose was to formulate questions and to types seldom published? identify heretofore undefined categories of Chapter II, dealing with the problem of phenomena. Special attention was, there- keeping scientists abreast of current develop- fore, devoted to the more obscure of the ments in their specialties, reports only read- services performed by the scientific coming and personal contacts, with reading of munication system, and on the unplanned journals in the specialty as the primary tool and apparently accidental mechanisms for of two-thirds of those reporting. The ques- performing them. tions proposed for future research are: (1) Seventy-seven scientists at one university Does any significant amount of current in- were interviewed, including biochemists, formation fail to appear in the literature? chemists, and zoologists in substantially (2) Why are published items missed? (3) In equal numbers. The interview outline was what fields are published items most likely revised continuously during the study and to be missed? (4) What are the forms of its final version is included as an appendix. personal communication that work? (5) How Average interview time was just under two much access do scientists in varying positions hours. The sample was so limited as to make have to personal communications? (6) What sophisticated statistical analysis ridiculous, clues to pertinence of articles are lacking?

MARCH 1959 163 (7) At what level of efficiency is scanning of (p. 140-145) in which of fifty-three men journals done?, etc. asked to list the distinguishing features of The other functions, covered in Chapter good and bad reviews, twenty-nine failed III, are review of the state of the art, estab- to give any and those that did give features lishing reliability of a source, redirecting for identifying bad reviews couched them attention to different approaches or aspects, in such general language as to be meaning- eliciting feedback from other scientists, help- less in operational terms. ing to assess the position of a topic within Probably one of the most important fea- the current research market. The topics for tures of this report is its recognition of the research suggested in this chapter are: (1) limitations of the method, or perhaps even What is incidence of communications serv- the questions, in view of "the nature of ing the function? (2) How many of these specialization among the basic research- involve forms of communication that are ers. . . ."—Ralph R. Shaw, Graduate School problematical? (3) How important to sci- of Library Service, Rutgers University. ence were these experiences? (4) How did they come about? and (5) What are the corresponding experiences of those who Dorking Conference lacked easy access to these sources? Chapter IV, which provides supplemen- Proceedings of the International Study Con- tary comments on the main channels of ference on Classification for Information communication, points out that the aver- Retrieval. Held at Beatrice Webb House, age number of journals read is thirteen, Dorking, England, 13th-17th May, 1957. that biochemical and chemical literature is London: Aslib; New York: Pergamon dispersed less than zoological literature. Press, 1957. 147p. Similar miscellaneous notes are included on reviews, abstract journals, conferences, and The Proceedings of the International Study personal contacts. Conference on Classification for Informa- This study is interesting in that it rep- tion Retrieval, held at Beatrice Webb House, resents an attempt by trained social scien- Dorking, England, May 13-17, 1957, makes tists to develop a clearer statement of the widely available the principal addresses, nature of the problems of scientific com- discussions, conclusions, and recommenda- munication and to isolate those that might tions of the Conference. The forty invited profitably be studied. Unfortunately, despite participants represented a broad national the stress laid on isolating non-conventional spectrum including France, Germany, India, forms of communication, there is little ex- Italy, the Netherlands, Unesco, the Unit- posed here that is not common knowledge ed Kingdom, and the United States. Invited among the practitioners in the field of spe- representatives from the Soviet sphere did cial library work or documentation, and the not attend. program of investigation might have prof- It seems possible that the long-range sig- ited from using the current management nificance of the Dorking Conference will engineering technique of including in the not emanate so much from its own sub- survey team at least one person who is com- stantive achievements. The limitations of petent in the discipline being investigated. conferences of this kind in terms of valid The fundamental problem in this type of research achievement are obvious. But as approach to the problem of scientific com- pragmatic devices to create a more conducive munication is that it attempts to derive re- mental environment for cooperative research liable data from the consensus of a group in needed areas, conferences of this kind that does not include specialists in the field find a level of reality and usefulness. In this in which they are being queried. This, like sense, the addresses themselves at Dorking asking visiting bankers what they think of may be regarded as a kind of "busy" em- the cooking on railway dining cars, may broidery-work around this deeper, pragmatic elicit consensus but may not necessarily function. They cover a wide range from point to valid action. This is best exempli- pious generalities, to "chauvinism" concern- fied in the discussion of review journals ing a particular system, to highly specialized

164 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES- dissertations on classification technique. ventiveness than to the objective methods However, it is in terms of the depth and of academic research. maturity of its deeper function—as a collec- Much less emphasis is placed upon logi- tive focus and appeal for research—that the cally researchable areas such as quantitative Dorking Conference will either prove viable and qualitative usage studies, and compara- or wanting in the years ahead. tive analysis of internal characteristics of As a crystallizing medium for needed re- information systems, such as relative efficiency or cost. These vital areas, awaiting search, the Dorking Conference may prove fuller research, are defined in the Dorking limited to a certain extent by its inferential recommendations but with detectably low- definition of research. To be sure, if all of ered enthusiasm and reduced detail. It is the successive recommendations were ful- interesting, for example, to compare the filled, applied knowledge and technological maturity and foresight which accompanies know-how in classification and information their description at Dorking, with the re- retrieval would unquestionably be enriched. search prospectus of the Washington Inter- Research, for example, is called for in the national Conference on Scientific Informa- area of analysis (facet, relational, codifying, tion, 1958, which de-emphasizes application semantic, synthetic, and linguistic). Research and technique in order to isolate, in a highly is also proposed in the development of clas- detailed manner, those areas lending them- sification schedules, and in the designing of selves to a variety of objective research meth- a universal scheme. Upon review, these rec- ods. It is quite possible that the ideas ex- ommendations, given great weight and de- pressed at the Washington Conference may tail at Dorking, would appear to gravitate have some influence in accelerating research more about classification engineering than in areas of classification and information re- classification research, and to lend themselves trieval.—Frederic D. Weinstein, New Haven more to mechanical and technological in- State Teachers College.

Comment "Human Relations Training the complex of emotional responses which combine to produce motivation, attitudes, for Librarians? Yes, But—" action, and reaction. Still, the writer wonders about the pro- The suggestion that library schools offer posal that courses adapted specifically to courses in interpersonal relations, as set out human behavior in the library field be in the article, "Human Relations Training taught in library schools, or as part of li- for Librarians?" (CRL, XIX (1958), 227-29) brary school curriculum. In fairness to at first found this reader in agreement. authors Anderson and Kell he freely ac- Then he found himself resisting the pro- knowledges that it is easier to render cri- posal. Or at least doubting its efficacy. tiques of others' proposals than construct a The proposition—that there is a definite recommendation of one's own. What follows need for librarians to study and understand is not intended as a rebuttal, but only a the dynamics of human behavior—is beyond summation of the reasons for the doubt in dispute. That point was well made by Mr. his mind about the proposal. Anderson and Dr. Kell. It is true that li- The proper study of man (in the sense brary work is a service occupation-profes- under discussion) would seem to rest with sion: essentially, we help others carry out the behavioral or social science faculty of- their purposes in pursuing the use of li- fering basic undergraduate instruction in brary materials (and in so doing seek our sociology, psychology, philosophy, cultural own fulfillment). And it follows that we anthropology (and perhaps a graduate course ought to work hard at comprehending the in human dynamics). wondrous workings of the human mind and Few persons probably would disagree with

MARCH 1959 165 the point just made, but many librarians than the study of human behavior; there is might reasonably ask, "What of the library nothing on record which would indicate that school student who has had little or no librarians as a group, and the people with background in the social sciences? Would whom they come into contact, are sufficiently not a library course or two in human rela- aberrant to warrant special attention. tions at least help bridge this gap?" An applied course in human behavior, dealing with interpersonal relations in li- This writer's answer would be a qualified brary work, smacks too much to this writer yes, if said student were allowed or required of a Dale Carnegie, or power of positive cir- to take a basic course(s) in the social science culation approach. Possibly it need not be discipline, taught by the social science fac- so, but the situation does not in itself augur ulty. well for the best results. What we are really Authors Anderson and Kell suggest that after is not the acquisition of skill in manip- library schools emulate the medical, legal, ulating people but the recognition of uni- and nursing professions in giving special in- versal values and hungers that, conditioned struction on concrete human relations situa- by environment and culture, make us some- tions in the field. Why not join hands with times lovable, sometimes contrary, human all service occupations and professions on beings who are to be cherished despite and campus and together request a good, solid perhaps because of our many weaknesses. course in human dynamics applicable to all After all is said about the best way of interested groups—lawyers, librarians, jour- imparting the import of interpersonal com- nalists, or whatever? munication through force feeding, this much It would seem a waste of faculty for each still remains: The techniques and principles group to undertake this on its own. Human of personnel psychology can be taught and relations as applied specifically to librarians, theoretically learned, if we feel this is im- to lawyers, doctors, and other such groups portant enough for all library school stu- would seem a rather desperate attempt to dents. But that rare quality of empathy— give the students some background, that he the ability to put one's self in another's posi- has not acquired along the way. tion—comes (if it comes at all) in response But why should any subject field adapt to one's own motivation. That motivation for itself, at the college level, fundamental itself will be the sum total of personality, theories which, once learned, can apply in study, observation, and life experiences.— Frank D. Hankins, Librarian, Del Mar Col- all situations—in libraries as well as in oil lege, Corpus Christi, Texas. fields? Human relations is nothing more

Rare Books Conference

Sufficient expressions of interest have been received to assure hold- ing the Rare Books Conference planned by ACRL's Rare Books Section for Charlottesville, Virginia, June 18-20. Reservation forms for the conference will be mailed in a few days to those who have already made tentative reservations. Others should request them from William H. Runge, Alderman Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Total registration will be limited, so early reservations are advisable. The registration fee of $30.00 includes conference fees, a single room in a university dormitory for two nights, and six meals in the student union. A limited number of double rooms for married couples will be available at the same fee per person. The en- trance fee for registrants wishing to make their own living arrangements will be $25.00, with meal tickets available at additional cost. Technical Information Service at Stanford A new division of the Stanford University Libraries, the Technical Informa- tion Service, has been operating since October 1 under the direction of George Vdovin, formerly assistant chief of the science division. He is assisted by Mrs. Anita Frost, senior library assistant, who worked for the past year in the order department, and Wallace L. Jack, library assistant. The TIS is a result of a year's planning, and it is intended to handle requests for library services from industrial firms in the vicinity of Stanford. The general area of operations extends from San Jose to San Bruno inclusive. The industrial firms subscribing to the service pay a fee and become members of the Stanford Industrial Library Associates. Numbered cards are furnished by TIS to each subscribing firm for the use of members of the firm in borrowing materials or obtaining other services.—Stanford Library Bulletin. Classified Advertisements Rate: $1 per line; 3-line minimum. Closes twentieth of month preceding date of issue. OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS POSITION OPEN—EAST BARNES & NOBLE, INC. supplies books not ob- CIRCULATION 8C REFERENCE ASSISTANT, with in- tainable from publishers immediately from terest in and knowledge of audio-visual aids stock of over a million volumes or in rea- and services, for fast growing college library sonably quick time through free Search Serv- in Philadelphia area. Exceptional oppor- ice. Send lists to Dept. CR, Barnes & Noble, tunity for professional growth and advance- Inc., 105 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y. ment for young man or woman with ambi- tion, imagination, initiative, and willingness COLONIAL BOOK SERVICE—Specialists in sup- to work hard. Graduation from accredited plying the out-of-print books as listed in all library school required. Some college experi- library indices (Granger Poetry; Essay and ence desirable (student assistantship might General Literature; Shaw; Standard; Fic- serve). Opening salary $4200 to $5200 de- tion; Biography; Lamont; Speech; etc.) pending upon experience and other qualifi- Want lists invited. 23 East 4th St., New cations. Faculty status, social security, retire- York 3, N.Y. ' j, ment program, other benefits. Date of va- cancy, June 1st 1959. Write full particulars INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES is one of our spe- Box 684, ACRL 50 E. Huron St., Chicago cialties. Foreign books and periodicals, cur- 11, 111. rent and out of print. Albert J. Phiebig, Box 352, White Plains, N.Y. REFERENCE ASSISTANT POSITIONS (2) USED & o. P. BOOKS for libraries. Diligent OPEN JULY 1 AND SEPTEMBER 1, 1959. Large search service. Want lists solicited. H. B. college library in New York City, 45 minutes Harris, 679 Hendrix St., Brooklyn 7, N.Y. from Times Square, in residential area. Fifth-year library school degree required. Ex- STANLEY GILMAN, American History, News- perience not essential. Salary schedule in paper History and Out of Print Books. Box this first rank $4100-$6200, appointment 131, Cooper Station, New York 3, N.Y. probably above minimum, annual manda- tory increments. New salary schedule under WANTED: REFERENCE LIBRARIAN. Sick and an- consideration. Work week 35 hours, 30 dur- nual leave, retirement, plus all fringe bene- ing the summer. Valuable fringe benefits, fits. New two million dollar building; excel- including six week paid vacation, excellent lent working conditions, staff of 50 (20 pro- health and retirement plans. Faculty status, fessionals). A job with a future. Salary, $4,320 and tenure after three years of successful with merit increases to $5,400. Apply: Sey- service. New air-conditioned building open mour Robb, Librarian, Virginia Polytechnic in September 1959. Address Box 525, ACRL, Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia. 50 E. Huron St., Chicago 11, 111. REFERENCE BOOKS and a few historical books University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, Virginia Selective Check Lists of Bibliographical Scholarship, 1949-1955 $ 10.00 Robert J. Turnbull. Bibliography of South Carolina, 5 volumes 85.00 Hans Flasche. Romance Languages and Literatures as Presented in German Doctoral Dissertations, 1885-1950 7.50 Paul G. Morrison. Index of Printers, Publishers, and Booksellers in Donald Wing's STC, 1641-1700 20.00 Studies in Bibliography. Edited by Fredson Bowers. Volumes I-XII. 1948-1958 . . .. 120.00 Each volume available at $ 10.00

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL HISTORICAL AMERICANA Bowyer, T. H. A Bibliographical Exam- Cooke, John Esten. Stonewall Jackson ination of the Earliest Editions of the and the Old Stonewall Brigade . . $3.50 Letters of Junius $6.00 Jefferson, Isaac. Memoirs of a Monti- 3.50 Brewer, Frances Joan. James Branch cello Slave Lederer, John. Discoveries in Virginia Cabell, A Bibliography .... 9.00 and Carolina. Edited by William P. (or $17.50 with Bruccoli, Notes) Cumming 5.00 Bristol, Roger. 7.50 Maryland Imprints Mather, Increase. Testimony Against Harding, Walter. Checklist of Walden 2.50 Prophane Customs 3.50 Harding, Walter. Thoreau's Library . 3.50 Oswald, Richard. Memorandum on the Harwell, Richard. Cornerstones of Con- Folly of Invading Virginia 3.50 federate Collecting 2.50 All books listed available from The Univer- Knapp, Mary E. Checklist of Verse by sity of Virginia Press, Box 3786, University Garrick 5.00 Station, Charlottesville, Virginia.

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ANDREWS, CHARLES M. Colonial background of the American / Revolution. (Rev. Ed.) New Haven, Yale Univ. Press, 1931. OP 431 $8.05 ANTONIUS, GEORGE. The Arab Awakening. N. Y., Putnam's, 1946. OP 457 $14.15 BEAN, DONALD E., and RALPH E. ELLSWORTH. Modular planning for college and small university libraries. 1948 OP 407 $3.90 BENNETT, HARRY, as told to PAUL MARCUS. We never called him Henry. N. Y., Gold Medal Books, 1951. OP 117 $6.10 Buss, MARTIN J. Old Testament dissertations, 1928-1958; a bibliography. Ann Arbor, Univ. Microfilms, Inc., 1958. Typical OP 529 $3.00 CONANT, JAMES BRYANT. Education in a divided world . . . Recent Releases ^ Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1948 OP 233 $8.25 ELIOT, T. S. Homage to John Dryden. London, Hogarth Ready Press, 1927. OP 174 $2.50 HARRIS, CHAUNCEY D., and JEROME D. FELLMAN. A union list of geographical serials. Chicago, 1950. OP 532 $5.05 for Sale HULTEN, ERIC. Flora of Alaska and Yukon. Lund, Sweden, C. W. K. Gleerup; Leipzig, Harrasowitz, n.d. OP 533 $22.70 POOLE, MARY ELIZABETH. History references from the Indus- trial Arts index, 1913-1957. Ann Arbor, University Micro- films, Inc., 1958. OP 440 $5.50 WARREN, AUSTIN. Alexander Pope as critic and humorist. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press, 1929. OP 322 $9.70 WOODWARD, GERTRUDE L., and JAMES MCMANAWAY. A check list of English plays, 1641-1700. Chicago, The New- berry Library, 1945. OP 59 $5.65

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