Special Libraries, November 1963

San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks

Special Libraries, 1963 Special Libraries, 1960s

11-1-1963

Special Libraries Association

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Putting Knou ledge ro 1)' ouk OFFICERS DIRECTORS President HFLENEDECHIEF (Secretary) MRS. MILDREDH. BRODE Canad~anNational Railuwys, David Taylor Model Basin. Washjnxton. D. C Montr pal, Quebec JOAN M. HUTCHINSON President-Elect Research Center, Diamond Alkal~ WILLIAMS. BUDINGTON Company, Painesz,ille, Ohio The John C~erarLibrary, Chicago, lllinoi~ PAULW. RILEY Advisory Council Chairman College of Business Administvn- CHARLESZERWEKH, JR. tion: Bostow College, Chestnut Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), New York. New Yo& Hi/(, Massachusetts Advisory Council Chairman-Elect MRS.ELIZABETH B. ROTH MRS. ELIZABETHM. HUTCHINS Standard Oil Company of Califol- Yownp C Rubicam, Inc.. New York. AKew York nia, San Francisco, California MRS.DOROTHY B. SKAU Treasurer Southern Regional Research Lat- RALPHH. PHELPS oratory, U.S. Deparrment of Agrl- Engineering Societies Librmy, hTew York. New York culture, New Orleans. Louisiana Immediate Past-President ~DWARDG. STRABLE ETHELS. KLAHRE 1. Walter Thompson Company Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio Chicago, Illinois EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: BILL M. WOODS Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 Street, New York 3, New York MEMBERSHIP Dues: Su.i/ainin~-$100; Art12 e--$20 (Paid For Life-$250) ; A rsocirite -$20; Affiliate-$15 ; Studen-$2 ; Emeritus-$5. For qualifications, privileges and further information, write Special Libraries Association. -THE 55TH CONVENTIONWILL BE AT SHERATON-JEFFERSON HOTEL, ST. LOUIS,MISSOURI, JUNE 7-11,1964 I- PUBLICATIONS Aviation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 National insurance organizations in the A checklist for the organization, opera- United States and Canada, 1957 ..... I tion and evaluation of a company li- Picture sources: an introductory list, brary, 1960 ...... 2.00 1959 ...... Contributions toward a special library SLA directory of members, as of Octo- glossary, 2nd ed., 1950 ...... 1.25 ber 21, 1960 ...... members Correlation index document series & PB nonmembers reports, 19.53 ...... 10.00 *SLA directory of members, as of Octo- Creation & development of an insur- ber 15, 1962 ...... members ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 nonmembers *Dictionary of report series codes, 1962 12.75 Source list of selected labor statistics, 1 *Directory of business and financial serv- rev. ed., 1953 ...... ices, 1963 ...... 6.50 Sources of commodity prices, 1960 .... Directory of special libraries, 1953 .... 5.00 Special Libraries Association-its first Guide to metallurgical information (SLA fify years, 1909-1959, 1959 ...... Bibliography no. 3), 1961 ...... 4.00 Special Libraries Association personnel *Guide to Russian reference and lan- survey 1959, 1960 ...... guage aids (SLA Bibliography no. 4), ...... *Special libraries: how to plan and equip 1962 4.25 them (SLA Monograph no. 2) 1963 *Guide to special issues and indexes of I periodicals, 1962 ...... 5.75 Subject headings for aeronautical engineering libraries, 1949 ...... Handbook of scientific and technical awards in the United States and Can- Subject headings for financial libraries, ada, 1900-1952, 1956 ...... 3.00 1954 ...... *Literature of executive management Translators and translations: services and (SLA Bibliography no. 5) 1963 .... 4.25 sources, 19.59 ...... Map collections in the U. S. and Can- U. S. sources of petroleum and natural ada; a directory, 1954 ...... 3.00 gas statistics, 1961 ...... I Latest ~ublications SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS-Subscription, $7.00; Foreign, $8.00 SPECIAL LIBRARIES-Subscription, $10.00; Foreign, $11.00; Single copies, $1.50 TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX-Subscription, $10.00; Foreign, $11.00; Single copies, $1.50 I UNLISTED DRUGS-Subscription, $15.00 SLA serves as the US. rules agent for ~electrdAslib publications I - 1

SPECIAL LIBRARIES IS published by Speclal Llbranes Associat~on monthly September to Aprll b~monthlyMay to August, at 73 Main Street, Brattlebom, Vermont Cf3& Editorial Offices 31 East lot; Street, New York, New York 10003. Second class postage pad at Brattle oro, Vermont POSTMASTER. Send Form 3S79 to Special Libraries Association, 3i East 10 st., ~ew~ork, N. Y. 10003 To Meet Growing Scientific And Technological Needs

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Special Libraries: How to Plan and Equip Them SLA Monograph No. 2 A Project of the New York Chapter Chester M. Lewis, Editor Facts and figures on space requirements, layout, furniture, special equipment, preliminary planning, remodeling, moving procedures, and other aspects of producing a functional, efficient, and attractive library. Ten case histories, most of which have appeared in Special Libraries, describe the many types and sizes of actual special libraries. There is a checklist for planners, an annotated bibliography, a directory of manufacturers and suppliers, and a detailed subject index. 128 pages 1963 $5.55

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NOVEMBER 1963 G. K. HALL & CO. PUBLICATIONS

Dictionary Catalog of the Library of THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART This Catalog, representing 145,000 bound volumes at the Library of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, constitutes an important and definitive bibliography of art and archaeology. Listing thousands of sales and exhibi- tion catalogs, museum monographs, approximately 1000 titles in serial publications and magazines, and a wealth of books on art and related fields, it is characterized by careful bibliographic cataloging, arranging author, subject, and title headings in one alphabet, except for entries of sales catalogs, which follow the main catalog and are arranged by subject and by collector and/or dealer. 499,000 cards, 25 vohmes. $1,500.00 FIRST SUPPLEMENT to the Dictionary Catalog of the Library of The Metropolitan Museum of Art Covering the Library's acquisitions from 1960 to 1962, this volume lists both recent titles and many important older and out-of-print publications in the field of art and archaeology. 21,800 cards, 1 volume. $95.00 Ryerson Library, The Art Institute of Chicago INDEX TO ART PERIODICALS Begun in 1907, this Index contains subject entries for articles which have appeared in 325 art magazines of the 19th and 20th centuries, with particular strength in foreign periodicals and museum bulletins not indexed elsewhere. 202,300 cards, 11 vobmes. $740.00 Classed Subject Catalog of the ENGINEERING SOCIETIES LIBRARY The Engineering Societies Library is the largest engineering library in the United States, and is both an archive for older material and special collections and a source of current information. Its Subject Catalog, arranged in classified order according to the Universal Decimal Classification, somewhat modified, makes available all of the separate books, pamphlets, reports, and bulletins in the Library. A separate volume containing an alphabetical index to the catalog is included in this publication. 239,770 cards, 13 volz/rnes. $845.00

A prospectus for each of the above titles and a complete catalog of publications will be sent on request.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES Official Iournul Special Libraries Association

~oIume54, No. 9 CONTENTS NOVEMBER 1963

Implications of the Copyright Law on the Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information JOHNC. KOEPKE 553 A New Permuted Title Index in the Social Sciences and the Humanities EARLFARLEY 557 Will Automation Work for Maps? MARYMURPHY 563 National Atlas of the United States DR. ARCHC. GERLACH 567 Mechanized Information Storage and Retrieval Made Easy STEPHENE. FURTH 569 Xerography in the Library LOUISG. VAGIANOS572 Role of the Motion Picture Library in 1963 ROBERTA. LEE 575 29th FID Conference FOSTERE. MOHRHARDT578 Remarks and Observations on the CIOS XI11 International Management Congress CHARLOTTEGEORGI 579 Aslib Meeting in Scotland MARGARETA. FIRTH 583 29th Session of IFLA Council DR. KARLA. BAER 584 NATO Advanced Study Institute on Automatic Document Analysis F. W. LANCASTER586 Research: A Goal, A Committee, A Conference BILL M. WOODS 587 Planning the New Library: The Research Library, Sprague Electric Company

NEWS Have You Heard Off The Press Spotted 5 74

Editor: MARYL. ALLISON SPEUALLIBRARIES COMMITTEE Assistant Editor: EDYTHEC. PORPA Chairman: ROBERTG. KRUPP Consultants: ALBERTAL. BROWN ELEANORKATHLEEN IRWIN DR. I. A. WARHEIT JEANETTESLEDGE Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staB or the publtshn. Manuscrrpts submitted for publication must be typed double space on only one srde of pager and marled to the edrtor. 0 Reprrnts may be ordered immediately before or af* publication. a Subscriptions: U. S. $10; foreign, CII; aingle copies, $150. O by Special Libraries Associ- atlon 1963. wmxm IN Business Periodicals Index, Public ABairs Information Service Library Literature, Business Metho& Index and Library Science ~bstract; ALL prices for scholarly research materials are kept low at University Microfilms. The cost of 0-P Books is one example. You can save up to $5 a volume by sending orders here where such service was originated. Your want lists are also more readily filled. Thousands of basic literary and scientific titles housed in the great libraries of the world are on film in U-M vaults ready for xerographic reproduction. In addition, current 0-P Book Catalogues list over 10,000 titles including many modern works. Send for the latest catalogues. See how you can keep your acquisition budget under better control with U-M 3% $ per page prices.

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES Implications of the Copyright Law on the Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information

JOHN C. KOEPKE, Senior Staff Consultant George Fry & Associates, Chicago, Illinois

@ PECIAL LIBRARIESAssociation has for some vears been concerned with 3 the problems discussed in the following articie, and readers are urged to refresh their memories by rereading "Joint Libraries Committee on Fair Use in Photocopying: Report on Single Copies" (Special Libraries, vol. 52, no. 5, May-June 1961, p. 251-5). The SLA Board of Directors approved, in June 1961, this Joint Committee's recommendation that: It be library policy to fill an order for a single photocopy of any published work or any part thereof. In June 1963, the Board of Directors approved an extension of this statement on fair use in photocopying: Before making a photocopy of 02 entire work, a library should make an effort by co?zsultine standard sources to determine whether or not a cob7 is avazl- 0 ', able through normal trade channels. The American Library Association, Association of Research Libraries, and American Association of Law Li- braries have also endorsed these library policy recommendations. EDITOR

HEN THE PRESENT Copyright Law in the effects and implications of the Copy- W was enacted in 1909, the problem of right Law. Because of this interest, the Na- producing facsimiles of copyrighted works tional Science Foundation engaged George did not exist. The problem has come into Fry & Associates, management consultants in being with the development of equipment Chicago, to conduct an objective analysis of that can make not only reasonably faithful the influence of the Copyright Law upon the facsimiles of source material but also copies dissemination of scientific and technical in- which in themselves are readily adaptable for formation. This article briefly summarizes the production of further copies. The con- the goals, methods, and results of that study, cern over the potential problems and com- released during June 1963 by NSF. (En- plications brought about by such machines titled "Survey of Copyrighted Material has intensified in recent years with the ad- Reproduction Practices in Scientific and vent of relatively inexpensive copying de- Technical Fields," the report has been pub- vices, which have magnified the practice of lished but has been given only limited dis- facsimile copying of all types of material, tribution among interested parties.) whether copyrighted or not. The implications of these developments Scope of the Study on the Copyright Law have a direct bearing This is not the first study to be made of the upon the dissemination of information. The problem. Others have looked at the issue, but National Science Foundation is concerned these have all been from a specialized view- with the dissemination of scientific and tech- point-that of the librarian photocopying nical information and, therefore, is interested copyrighted documents, that of the publisher of copyrighted materials, or that of the user Based on a talk given to the Heart of America seeking freer access to information. The Na- Chapter, Kansas City, Kansas, on January 25, 1962. tional Science Foundation is concerned with NOVEMBER 1963 the total problem of scientific and technical The study includes an appraisal of the effects information dissemination rather than with of photoduplication of books and, more im- any single aspect of the issue. portantly, of journal articles. The study covers all segments of the problem with two objectives-a reporting of facts Limitations and Restrictions of the Study and an impartial analysis of data. This re- In addition to clearly defining the scope port corers the attitudes of the groups in- of the assignment, the terms of the contract volved in the issue and the practices of fac- under which this work was performed estab- simile copying as they exist today. The lished certain restrictions. The major areas conclusions presented indicate the extent of NOT discussed in the report include : facsimile copying and the implications such 1. Recommendations with respect to sug- copying has upon the parties at interest. gested revision of the Copyright Law. It is The study was divided into five phases: the opinion of the National Science Founda- 1. Identification of the attitudes of various tion that the responsibility for devising solu- interested groups as to the Copyright Law; tions to the problems presented in the report their interpretation of the law; and identi- is a matter of public concern. fication of those practices that might be in- 2. Consideration of the legal aspects of the terpreted as violations of the law. Copyright Law. Nowhere in the report is an 2. Relation of possible copyright violations attempt made to place any judgment whatso- to the availability of equipment capable of ever upon the legality of the copying proce- reproducing copyrighted materials. dures surveyed. Various attitudes toward 3. Determination of the extent of reproduc- legality are reported, but it is neither the tion of copyrighted materials and identifica- purpose of the study, nor the qualification of tion of the needs and uses to which such re- George Fry & Associates, to render an opin- productions are put by individuals. ion as to the legality of such practices. 4. Determination of the net effect of the Considerable interest has been shown reproduction of copyrighted material upon within recent months toward the adaptation the rights and interests of a) authors, b) of an "ASCAP-type" approach to the du- publishers, and c) users. plication of copyrighted materials. Such an 5. Evaluations of any needs for procedures approach assumes that duplication under the that would achieve full dissemination of sci- present law is beyond the fair use concept of entific and technical information and thereby the law. The Fry study does not determine restrict, correct, or eliminate any violations of whether such an arrangement is legal, nor the Copyright Law. even if it is particularly workable. The report concerns itself only with whether some The focus of the Fry study is on the prac- control is necessary in the light of economic tice of copying works for study or research damage the copyright owner may suffer. purposes-what is usually termed "private, 3. Confining the survey to study of duplica- internal distribution." tion of copyrighted scientific and technical The report excludes any considerations of books, journals, and papers. The survey ex- pirating work for republication on a broad cluded consideration of other copyrighted scale, such as the reprinting of an author's materials in fields such as the humanities, article without permission in a second jour- which presumably are subject to duplication. nal. Similarly, it does not deal with the pirat- This may not be a particular problem in in- ing of one author's work by another for industry, but conceivably it could be a major clusion in a second work. problem at the university level. In any event Although all methods of copying printed the conclusions presented herein with respect material were investigated, it became appar- to scientific and technical information can- ent early in the study that major emphasis not be extended into other areas without fur- should be devoted to photoduplication, be- ther investigation. cause it is in this area that the greatest mis- 4. Applicability of report to special circum- understanding and potential problems exist. stances. The findings and conclusions of the SPECIAL LIBRARIES report apply to "scientific books and jour- inroads of facsimile duplication practices, be- nals" in general. Because of insufficient data, cause I) the cost of copying an entire "in- however, these conclusions cannot be applied print" book is excessive, and 2) they realize without further research to highly specialized that researchers rely primarily on journal ma- and copyrighted publications, such as Chenz- terial in their work. leal Abstvacts, and copyrighted translations The numerical majority of scientific jour- of foreign material. nal publishers are unconcerned about potential economic damage resulting from facsim- Survey Methods ile copying practices. This group takes the Extensive field work on a national scale position that either the copying of copy- was performed in the following categories: righted material is not widespread, or that 1. Authors of scientific and technical litera- if it is, it does not constitute a significant ture. threat to the existence of their publications. 2. Publishers of scientific and technical The typical scientific society that publishes books, papers, and journals. one or more journals feels that: 3. Libraries disseminating scientific and tech- -the society publishes a journal to dissem- nical literature. inate scientific and technical information; 4. Users of the above literature. -facsimile duplication of articles for dis- 5. Manufacturers of facsimile copying equip- semination is not only permissible but wel- ment. come ; Prior to the beginning of the intensive -facsimile duplication can sometimes result field interviewing, it became apparent that in more, rather than fewer, subscriptions. the author and user of technical and scientific On the other hand, some of the largest literature were often the same person. Conse- commercial publishers and large scientific so- quently, this permitted combining authors cieties indicate concern regarding current and users into a single effort. copying practices with respect to their copy- To assure validity of the survey results, a righted journals. These publishers indicate series of mail questionnaires was utilized in that they can suffer potential damage through: addition to the personal interviews. These questionnaires were designed to quantify the -loss of circulation ; data obtained in personal depth interviews. -diminished sales of back issues, reprints, and preprints ; Conclusions -potential loss of advertising revenues. The basic conclusion of the report is that With the exception of a few specialized at the present time no significant damage oc- instances, there is no evidence to indicate curs to the copyright holders in the scientific that current copying practices result in a sig- and technical fields, although reproduction nificant dilution of a publisher's market for of this material is widespread and growing subscriptions. Several publishers and librari- rapidly. ans indicate that duplication may actually Authors of scientific and technical journal stimulate subscriptions to a given journal articles are notably unconcerned with the over a period of time. problem. In fact, the majority of them ac- The reproduction of journal articles tually consider the copying of their material (copyrighted or uncopyrighted) does result to be an advantage to them. By far the great- in a loss of revenue to publishers who sell est percentage of authors are not paid for reprints, preprints, and back issues otz a sin- their contributions to scientific and technical gle copy basis. However, the facts indicate journals and, therefore, suffer no economic that economic damage is limited. As one of damage. In the final analysis, authors are the largest journal publishers indicates, such concerned only from the standpoint of mis- a service is operated strictly as a "reader use or plagiarism. service" and is not expected to produce a Publishers of scientific and technical books profit. This same publisher prefers to have are generally not concerned at present by the copies reproduced by the user rather than NOVEMBER 1963 supplying reprints. The majority of scientific resulting economic damage is not significant, journal publishers do not maintain a single it would appear that severe restrictions upon copy reprint service. For those who do, in- the practice could cause considerable incon- come represents only a small percentage of venience without attendant benefits. the total income of the journal, and possibly The results of this study, indicating that less profit. no significant economic damage occurs cur- The fear of dilution of advertising reve- rently, must be viewed in the light of the nues by commercial publishers, who rely on two following possibilities : this as a major source of income, appears more theoretical than real. The publishers 1. The development of new methods of in- reason that research personnel who rely heav- formation storage and retrieval could cause ily on copies, rather than original material, major changes. However, future changes are will not read the advertising copy. This could unpredictable at this time primarily because result in reduced spending by advertisers in equipment and methods are in the "drawing a given journal. board" stage. In general, the report concludes that such 2. Improved facsimile copying equipment at fears are unfounded at present. For example, extremely low costs would substantially alter there is no evidence that any organization, the basic economics of the situation and either private or public, contacted during the cause users to re-evaluate their copying prac- survey is "publishing its own journal" by tices. circulating copies of various journal articles. Research personnel personally subscribe to Lessons for Librarians from two to four journals on the average The Fry study did discover an outstanding to supplement material they obtain from awareness by librarians of the problems of public or company libraries. Only to the photoduplication of copyrighted materials. In extent that facsimile copies are substituted many circumstances, a genuine concern for for journal subscriptions does a potential the legal considerations resulted in an effec- threat to advertising revenues exist. Such tive check upon excessive photocopying. substitution is limited at this time. Unfortunately for their employers, special In the final analysis, there is no indica- librarians generally exhibited much less aware- tion that publishers have suffered signifi- ness of the economics of photoduplication. cantly from facsimile duplication activities Because a good librarian is always con- to date. However, there is no indication that cerned with providing service, photodu- the Copyright Law has served as a barrier plication practices in some situations had to the dissemination of scientific and techni- progressed beyond logical economic bounds, cal information. Moreover, use of facsimile regardless of copyright considerations. Despite copying equipment by libraries, companies, claims of manufacturers of photocopying and research people is widely accepted and equipment, experts in library costs place a growing rapidly. minimum of at least 15$ per page on any Awareness of the Copyright Law restric- type of photocopy when labor and an over- tions by librarians and others has served as head factor are considered. Numerous exam- a check to rampant multiple copying, which, ples were uncovered in the study where if uncontrolled, could result in significant photocopying in special libraries was sub- economic damage to publishers. Nearly all stantially reduced when effective controls multiple copying now practiced appears to were placed upon the practice. These were be more a matter of convenience for the economic and not legal controls. It would users than an attempt to bypass the tradi- appear that many special librarians would tional rights and markets of the publisher, be well advised to review their photodupli- author, or other copyright owner. cation practices, not from a legal but from Inasmuch as copying is deemed primarily an economic viewpoint, to determine whether a convenient and sometimes more efficient considerable money is wasted in all-out ef- manner of disseminating information, and forts to please scientific researchers. 556 SPECIAL LIBRARIES A New Permuted Title lndex in the Social Sciences and the Humanities

EARL FARLEY, Project Director, "Kansas Slavic Index" University of Kansas Libraries, Lawrence, Kansas

NTERACTION between scribed, but it suited our particular objectives I professional groups and experience. It was a way of getting our and between disciplines is feet wet in electronic data processing without as characteristic of today's the jeopardy of paralyzing day-to-day opera- scholarship as is the splin- tions, which had to continue. tering specialization that From this experiment, the area program makes such bridging seem hoped to obtain a sample of the kind of bib- isolated. Area studies are liographic aid that is now possible through part of this interaction. At the University of the use of EDP. Permuted title indexes have ~ansasthree study centers have recently been been used extensively in the physical and established devoted to Latin America, East biological sciences but rarely in the social Asia, and the Soviet Union. A measure of the sciences. The technique could be brought to increasing importance of the area study to the the attention of at least one growing group entire library program is the fact that one- of scholars at a time when they are likely to third of the new periodical subscriptions dur- be receptive to new methods in developing ing the last fiscaljear came from countries in their new fields of study. these areas, including 92 from the Soviet The library, for its part, hoped to make Union and East Europe. The total live sub- known its growing strength in Slavic serial scriptions, gifts, and &changes number over holdings and to improve its receipt of pur- 10,000 journals. . . . chases and exchanges by intensive review of The notion of the Kataas Slavic lndex as their current status, a necessary by-product of an experimental, new approach to the age- any indexing endeavor. A strong feeling was old problem of bringing books and readers impressed on us by recent developments that together was an outgrowth of the same en- indexing is an important area of additional thisiasm which helped to organize the coop- activity into which libraries must move from erative language programs at the Universities their traditional position of leaving its sup- of Colorado and Kansas. . . . Was there some ply almost entirely up to commercial index- constructive combination that could be made ing organizations. . . . of area study needs and library strengths? We felt the answer lay in producing a sam- Definition of Keyword-in-Context Indexing ple permuted title index, based on the li- The Kansas Slavic Index, or KSI as the brary's holdings of Slavic journals, aimed at project came to be called, belongs to that the public of scholars familiar with a read- class of recent machine-indexing techniques ing knowledee of Russian in social sciences U 0 known as the permuted-title or keyword-in- and humanities, and produced by using an context index. Permuted-title indexing is the available program and limited time on an cyclic permutation, that is, the orderly rear- IBM 1401 Data Processing System in Topeka rangement or shifting of repeated transcrip- or Kansas City. Such a project was admittedly circum- tions of a title or some other piece of text, so that every word of that title appears in a Condensed from a paper presented to the Social primary position for filing in alphabetical Science Division, June 12, 1963, at the 53rd An- nual Special Libraries Association Convention in order. It is an old childhood friend, Ring- Denver, Colorado. around-the-Rosey or Musical Chairs, brought NOVEMBER 1963 back to play with words. Thus, the title of at a time. Further, pretend that each title to this paper, "A New Permuted Title Index in be indexed is typed in one line on a long the Social Sciences and the Humanities," strip of paper that can be moved behind would appear in a permuted title index un- that slotted mask. Identify the source of the der the entries, "Permuted," "Title," "In- title in some convenient space beside the dex," "Social," "Sciences," and "Human- slot. Now, bring each word of the title in ities," but refiled in alphabetical order from turn to the middle of the slot and use an "Humanities" to "Title." The words orig- extremely fast typist to copy at each move inally surrounding each of these entries what is visible through the slot, together would also appear to left and right at each with its identification. At first all the space appearance to show the specific sense in to the left of the first keyword is blank and which each word was used. The omission of only the first few words of the title show. As "a," "and," "in," and similar articles, con- the title slip is gradually moved leftward, junctions, or prepositions is generally under- more words appear on the right. stood. Deletion of other words like "New" Then words begin to disappear under the (of doubtful significance in this changing mask at the far left, and as the end of the world) can also be accommodated. title comes into view. more and more white Just as my children, who once described space appears on the trailing right edge. the radio as "that television with no picture," Finally, the last word of the title reaches the we can imagine an ancestor of such indexing central position, and a maximum area is which omitted dl1 the surrounding words and blank to its right. The operation then begins did little more than give page references again with another title and a different iden- where mention of certain words (keywords) tification. When all titles to be indexed have had occurred. These indexes would have re- been copied and the copies obtained have sembled the simplest form of book index or been sorted into alphabetical order, the re- concordance. The technique required might sult is a kevword-in-context index. Each kev- have been nothing more than writing each word is imbedded in and surrounded bv a word and the number of the page where it portion of the original context in which it was found on a slip of paper and then refil- first appeared, showing in which of its pos- ing the slips in alphabetical order. It would sible senses each word has been used. Such have been a permuted title index with no indexes as this have appeared many times, context. some actually prepared by typists, but one The phrase keyword-in-context, known attempt to perform all these repetitive steps also by its acronym, KWIC, makes it explicit manually for the words in just one title of that not only the filing words but their com- moderate length will convince one that this panions should appear in each entry. KWIC way lies madness. was coined by H. P. Luhn in late 1958, at about the same time Citron, Hart, and Ohl- General and Specific man were developing a Permutation Index to Machine Characteristics Needed the Preprints of the International Confer- Although the slotted card and strip of pa- ence on Scientific Information held that year per are convenient devices for visualizing in Washington, D. C. But an earlier reference the operations of keyword indexing, they are to the same principle has now been found, as obviously not the tools that are, or ever could it always is-afterward-in A. Crestadoro's be, used by the Kansas Slavic Index. Basi- Art of Mnkizg Catal'opes of Libraries, pub- cally, the ability of an electronic data process- lished in London in 1856. Since the concept ing system to store not only the information has this long and honorable history, why is equivalent to those paper slips but also the it that now hundreds of modern versions of instructions that would have been given the the method make use of machines ? typist, in the form of coded magnetic pat- For the sake of a hypothetical model, terns are utilized. Then, under control of imagine a card with a h&ontal slot in it, those instructions, commonly called a stored permitting only one line of print to be seen program, the system processes the informa- SPECIAL LIBRARIES ...... CHEKHOSLOVATSKOI EKONOYlKl V IHURNALE IvPLANOVANE PLAK-63-02-062 OPUBLIKOVANNYKH V SERII EKONOHIKI, FILOSOFII ZHURNALA rtVEST VEHK-62-06-092 ANIE ZHURNALA ..VOPROSY EKONOYIKI.~ ZA 1962 GOO.1 SOOERIH VOEK-62-12-15q I -- -- YUIX&>I...... Y. .FXnN0MIKII.I...... PARZ-63-0,-030 I SPETSIALIZATSII NA IUH EKONOYIKU.1 C SOVKHOZOV I VLI IANIE YES?-63-01-024 ROIZVOOSTVENNYECILUCHII SKONOHI KMOZIAISTVOVATJ. P AGIT-63-06-010 I OSOBLVVCSTI SUCHASNO1 EKONOHI PRO OElAK EKOR-67-05-044

1GlT-63-CO-C40

L TSENV I KACHES NbUE-63-01-019

NUEP-0003-0136

AGIT-63-06-03LA

AGIT-~~-OL-O~+ CHIPIZUI)OV v STOP WORDS

AGITATOR. /MI KOMMUNISTICHESKAIA PARTIIA SOVETSKOGO SCIUZA. TSENTRALJNYI KOMITET. 3IBLIOTEKARJ. /IN/

BIULLETENJ NAUCHNOL INFORMATSLI.+ TRUD I ZARABOTNAIA POLS PLATA. /HI BlUT I JOURNALS ORGANIZATIONS Sample entries from the six different sections of the "Kansas Slavic Index" showing the relationship between the element stressed in each section to the complete citation given in the bibliography, which comprises the contents section and is arranged alphabetically by journal title. tion, or data, more rapidly than one typist equivalence is something in the nature of the and with more uniform accuracy than a host alphabet and numerals where both express of typists could ever obtain. order, although on a different base. It is part Storage and control exist in almost any of the function of control in the computer to computer as do units for the arithmetic or be certain that this equivalence is preserved. logical processing of the data. Both must be In the KSZ application, considerable sort- present, although the use made of the arith- ing must be done. This need may be met by metic and logic will be more repetitive than the use of magnetic tapes for auxiliary stor- mathematical. To these elements must be age of intermediate results. Again informa- added a means of generating the results. tion is in coded form different from the Punched cards are the usual medium for input, codes previously mentioned. The requirement although punched paper tape is another pos- of tapes, or some comparable device for sibility. The information in either cards or rapid sorting, begins to narrow the range of tape {s carried by patterns of holes that can appropriate systems. be read by electrical or mechanical contact, To this must be added an output device metal touching metal through them or, in that will print very quickly. Remember that more recent equipment, by light passing in the hypothetical model the title was to be through the holes to activate solar cells. The typed only once and then recopied and printed of holes are equivalent, but not the as many times as there were words in the same, as those of magnetic storage. The title. Much more has to come out than went NOVEMBER 1963 in. For output, a printer must be used that many drawers in a card catalog, the stored actually, or in total effect, produces a line at program itself, once it has been entered from a time, not just a character at a time as would punched cards into a certain portion of stor- a typewriter or a paper punch. A usual top age, can be moved about and modified. speed for such a printer is 600 lines a minute, Other commands provide the ability to although some have recently appeared that make logical decisions based on comparisons. reach 1,000 lines or more in the same 60 Still others serve to operate the input-output seconds. The "slower" speed is definitely units-to read or punch a card, to read or adequate for the Kamas Slavic Index and write a magnetic tape record, or to write does not have the "wavy-line" effect that af- a line on the printer. With other orders to flicts some of the faster machines. The printer space and skip lines on the printer, there output is reduced photographically by a cam- are more than a score of operations that will era and is suitable reproduction offset. carry out the drive toward the final halt com- These are some of the specifications for mand. For the most part, all eventualities the input, output, storage, logic, and control have to be taken care of beforehand by in- elements for a machine system to produce a serting suitable tests in the program and by permuted title index. It should be stressed plans of action when any combination of that not eyery computer is suitable for this situations appears. In a few cases, however, work. It so happens that most of those de- it is not only possible but even appropriate signed for commercial data processing, as to have the computer punch or print a mes- distinct from mathematical or engineering sage describing the stumbling-block and applications, can be used. Beyond a certain come to a temporary halt. To do this, the led of system complexity, this distinction programmer must foresee the places where tends to blur. The IBM 1401 system is a trouble may arise and insert the proper mes- widely distributed and available representa- sage as just so many characters to be moved tive of the minimum requirements. General into the proper position and printed. Electric, Sperry-Rand, and Minneapolis-Hon- With these operations available for arith- eywell are among those companies that pro- metic, logic, control of internal movement, duce computers capable of similar work. input-output control, and modifications to the path of the action, the program is woven Programming for Storage and Retrieval into whole cloth. A change in any part may A stored program is an orderly arrange- affect several widely separated routines. The ment of instructions broken down into the paths the program could take must be fol- component parts needed to accomplish the lowed mentally to remove the obvious errors. assigned task. These parts are only as small When it is punched on cards it must still as the largest appropriate operation provided be tested on the computer with samples of by the machine, but they are more minute data before it is trustworthy. This process, than one may think. The total 1401 program- called debugging, is almost certain to turn ming system offers over 100 different opera- up some errors, ranging from a misplaced tions; the KSI program uses about 50 of letter to blanking out the entire storage. But them. They are the verbs of the language. As the procedure is straightforward and satisfy- one would expect of a computer, these op- ing, inasmuch as most of the program, aside erations include the commands to add or to from the error, can be recovered and reused. subtract. For index programs these com- This is a common characteristic of data proc- mands can be useful to keep count of how essing, in contrast to manual methods where many times a word is encountered or how salvage may be impossible or where new often a routine has been accomplished. Even errors tend to creep in while old errors are more important is the set of operations de- being corrected. The corollary to this is the signed to move characters or groups of char- principle that once the data has been initially acters into different storage locations of the recorded, it can be transferred and reused, computer. Because all locations are equally with a very low rate of copying error, in addressable by numbers or names, like so many subsequent operations. SPECIAL LIBRARIES The widespread distribution of data proc- and materials besides the indexing of Russian ,essing machines and the speed with which periodical articles. The sentences in a text, they can accomplish their regular work have subject headings in a traditional catalog, evolved a situation recently in which libraries titles of office memoranda, musical instru- that want to experiment with computers can ments used in a collection of scores, or re- obtain time on them if they try. ports in an internal company file are just a few of the other uses to which it has or could KSI Programming be put. What can be done with such a system? KWIC-4 prints the names of the authors The answer lies in two directions: the pro- together with the reference numbers that re- gram of instructions and the accommodation fer to the full citations in the bibliography of data upon which the instructions operate. section. KWIC-5 does the same thing- for Neither is thoroughly explainable except in the keywords. It prints all keywords with terms of the other. The KSI program is in context "wrapped-around" if the title is long the form of five sub-programs, each relatively and space is available at the opposite end independent of the other and called, for the of the line to hold the overflow. S~aceis left sake of convenience, KWIC-1 to KWIC-5. between alphabetical sections for greater leg- The function of KWIC-1 is to take the ibility. Before printing, each keyword is data, the punched cards representing the matched against the next item in a change- authors, titles, paging, and identification of able list of additional stopwords on punched the Russian articles, check their sequence, cards, and if a match occurs, the keyword and transfer the information to magnetic is prevented from printing. A frequency tape. KWIC-2 modifies the location, spacing, count is kept of how many times each key- indention, and punctuation of the informa- word appears, listed or not, and a final portion and prints a bibliography in table-of- tion of KWIC-5 prints these statistics to contents order. It spaces between different permit easier visual inspection of the fre- journals and calculates page lengths, includ- quency and stopword status of each keyword. ing all of the next item, before any part of Before the bibliography, author, and key- it is printed. This prevents separation of an word sections are printed, a separate program entry on two pages. KWIC-2 also edits the supplied by IBM, called SORT, is used to reference numbers identifying each article, create new magnetic tapes in the required allowing for the alternative formats required order. by different patterns of volume and page When the continuous forms are spewed numbering. forth from the computer printer, they are The third sub-program generates the spe- trimmed to uniform sheets on a guillotine cial entries needed for keywording. Its action and attached to mounting sheets wiFh rubber is analogous to the copying and recopying of cemqnt. Wax-backed transfer letters are the title through the slot in the hypothetical placcbd in position to vary the typographical model. Certain words are eliminated that we monbtony and provide the necessary head- would never want to list. KWIC-3 also trans- ings; and subheadings. The sheets are then fers the names of authors to a separate tape read) for an offset printer to reduce to file. KWIC-3 is the heart of the entire pro- photographic negatives, make metal plates, gram-the most complex part-and like the and print. other parts, it has been rewritten extensively The five sub-programs that produce this from an original model provided by Mr. index are embodied in a little over 2,400 R. N. Wolfe, IBM Systems Engineer at Co- separate instructions, written in a formal lumbus, Ohio. The five sub-programs have language for IBM 1400 series computers, been expanded to accommodate the special called "Autocoder." The principal advan- needs of the Kansas Slavic Index, but either tages of this higher-order language are the in the original form, the present form, or freedom to use symbolic names for locations with further changes, this program is readily in the computer storage and for instruction usable for a wide range of indexing purposes steps in the program when reference must NOVEMBER 1963 be made to them. Autocoder also permits is a system of transliteration, representing certain blocks of instructions, called "macro- each Cyrillic character or mark instructions," to be called up by a single by one or more available equivalents. This is command, rather than be described in detail a familiar solution to librarians. who must each time the routine is needed. For instance, use some such system to interfile foreign at one part of KWIC-3 it is necessary to ex- language cards in their catalogs, even when amine each character to see if it is any letter they are printed in the original languages. of the alphabet. This is done explicitly for With a change of symbols, the order of let- the first letter, but instead of repeating the ters in the alphabet also changes from the instructions an additional 25 times, it is only Russian, which begins A, B, V, G, D, to our necessary to use a special Autocoder macro, familiar A,. B, . C.. D. This is extremely im- CHAIN 25, to accomplish the same thing. portant for the consecutive use of all the The price paid for such convenience is the available equipment, since machine filing ob- fact that the program written in Autocoder serves a rigid collating order that usually and transferred to punched cards must be omits nothing, not even blanks and punctua- treated as data for a separate program. This tion, in its sequence. means that yet another program, supplied by Translation has not been attempted, since IBM and called a processor, must first be we know there is nothing that would prevent used to translate the symbolic locations and its incorporation later into the system and it

instructions into more absolute and numeri- would re~resentI an additional investment of cal machine-language. This takes about 20 human effort that has nothing to do with the minutes for a program of this size, and it worth or acceptability of the basic keyword need be done only once if no further changes system. Of course, the users of this particular are needed. Index are primarily researchers familiar with Russian, especially the 1,400 members of the Other Procedures American Association for the Advancement The initial keyboarding of the data and of Slavic Studies and the several hundred its subsequent printout represented perhaps libraries in which they study. They are social the most difficult aspects of the project. scientists and humanists to whom the initial Proofreading is a very necessary part of the issue of the Index was distributed in earlv operations, but unlike the revision of catalog July for evaluation and criticism. cards, most of it is done before rather than If sufficient interest is found, the KSI after the manipulation of the information. working program could be transferred to op- A special coding sheet was first developed, erating personnel, separately, cooperatively, similar to those used in more numerical op- or merged with an existing indexing service. erations. It was soon abandoned, because it In any case, the limited objectives with required two proofreadings to catch trans- whichthe demonstration phase of this proj- literation errors and keypunching mistakes. ect began have been attained. By minimal training of a student to trans- literate and keypunch directly and simultane- Automated Indexing of Court Decisions ously from the Russian journals, one com- The American Bar Foundation recently re- bined correction proved feasible. ceived a $35,000 grant from the Council on At the present time, at a reasonable cost, Library Resources, Inc. to prepare magnetic and with easy accessibility, equipment is tapes for the automated indexing of the full available for the production of an index in text of more than 5,000 court decisions. The the 26 characters of the English alphabet, result of the study will be a completely auto- 10 numerals, and 12 special symbols of punc- mated procedure for indexing the materials tuation. The original Russian material, disre- based on a thesaurus compiled by computer. garding for the time being the other Slavic Special computer programs are in preparation languages, contains at least 32 letters, the for the analysis of the judicial decisions by same numerals, and a dozen marks of punc- statistical methods. Adaptations for the tuation, not necessarily the same. The answer sciences and humanities are also expected. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Will Automation Work for Maps?

MARY MURPHY, Assistant Chief, Book and Periodical Branch U. S. Army Map Service Library, Washington, D. C.

HlLE A GREAT deal lection ?" Do the size of the collection and W has been written on the volume of business warrant consideration the general subject of of an automated or semi-automated system? information storage and Will an automated system fulfill a require- retrieval, usually in con- ment that cannot be fulfilled by a manual nection with technical re- system? Is this requirement sufficiently im- ports, patents, legal in- portant to justify the increased cost that Hnrrir c!? Ewinp formation, chemical data, would be involved in automating? Will in- and similar material, I have found almost no formation still be available for manual use if information on automation in connection needed? Is electronic equipment already with maps. One exception is an article, "The available in the organization of which the UCLA Map Library," by C. B. Hagen (SLA library or map collection is a part? Geography and Map Division Bulletiu, March Cost is an important element for consid- 1963, p. 18). This library is expanding and eration. All electronic computers are expen- is planning to install a punched card system sive; I think even their most ardent sup- when it moves into a new building." How- porters admit this. Therefore, unless an ever, it is still in the planning stage. automated system will provide improved or To quote from Mr. Hagen's report: "The additional service, it is not economically jus- maps in the collection are divided by geo- tifiable. Before an automated system is in- graphic areas, but the entire collection has stalled in any library, serious consideration yet to be classified and cataloged. A system should be given to possible improvements in based on the Library of Congress classifica- the manual system in operation. A computer tion schedules and applied to IBM punched will not automatically solve all of a library's cards will be used. With this system, entire problems. In fact it may create new ones. decks of IBM cards representing maps of One of the first things to be done if a certain areas can be reproduced and interlibrary is considering installing an automated preted in a few minutes and sent to other system of any kind is to make a thorough, campuses or organizations, thus providing documented study of the present system. If it them with a complete or a selective catalog is decided to continue with a manual system, as desired, of our holdings in that particular the study may result in improvements in that area." system. It is a good idea to take a critical look at operations in any library occasionally. General Primary Considerations It is surprising how many tasks are done in a If a great variety of automatic systems are certain way just because they have always working for technical reports, chemical data, been done that way; sometimes even the rea- legal data, and patents, why not for maps? son for doing them at all no longer exists. Experience in preparing flow charts and fea- Will automation work for maps? I think it sibility studies has shown that listing every will. The question is not so much, "Will step in an operation and indicating the rea- automation work for maps?" but rather, sons for and results of the step, are often "How well will it work for a particular col- sufficient to point out wasted time and effort and to effect a more efficient operation even Chndensed from a Paper presented before the if no change is made in the system, Geography and Map Division, June 10, 1963, at the 53rd Annual Special Libraries Association Con. If>On the other hand, the decision is made vention in Denver, Colorado. to automate, a detaiIed study of manual op- NOVEMBER 1963 5 63 erations with statistics on volume of work, itself or references to where information can time involved, and frequency of operations is be found. In the first category, for example, essential. Hundreds of thousands of dollars a publication or an abstract of it is put on have been spent installing elaborate auto- tape or microfilm, and the publication itself mated systems that have failed because in- is not retained. The second type consists, as a sufficient study was made of the operations conventional card catalog does, of references to be automated or the requirements to be to information in material that is available fulfilled. Preparing a detailed flow chart of for use. any operation is an arduous but often re- Since a map is a graphic representation of warding task. Unless it is done well, an auto- information, it is not likely that potential mated system based on it will be at a disad- map users would be satisfied to have the in- vantage from the start and may fail. If it is formation from maps abstracted or stored on done well, it becomes the foundation on tape. They would undoubtedly want to see which the designers of the new system build. the maps themselves. Some experimenting It also makes an effective exhibit for showing has been done in the field of copying maps management, personnel, and others just what for storage on microfilm and reproducing goes on in the library. them when wanted, but so far the results In many libraries where automatic infor- have not been entirely satisfactory. Color is mation storage and retrieval systems have often important in maps and does not repro- been used, computer equipment was already duce well; copies are not exact enough and available in some other department of the not clear enough. Microfilm is only as good organization. This is an important considera- as the operator of the equipment, and all too tion. No matter how expensive actual run- often microfilm copies are almost illegible. ning time is, if there is a computer in the The paper on which microfilm is reproduced organization with any free time, it may well is not stable enough to give exact copies; be worth while for the library to develop a sheet size may vary as much as half an inch. system that will make use of that time. There These considerations are more important is no doubt that a computer will perform if a map is to be used as a basis for further some operations much more quickly and ef- map-making than if it is to be used for intel- ficiently than a human being can. The fact ligence alone, but even then the quality of a that free computer time is most likely to be reproduction is important. For these reasons, available at night need not be a deterrent the first general type of automated system factor, for the library staff doesn't usually mentioned is not recommended at this time deal directly with the computer. The library for a map library. However, references to is usually responsible for preparing the initial information on maps are quite susceptible to computer input and for re-phrasing users' coding since the information is factual and questions in machine language. Actually put- specific, and in some cases already expressed ting information into a computer and re- in numbers. There is no reason why an auto- trieving it again is usually some one else's mated system of the second type would not problem. work for maps.

Special Considerations for Map Collections Semi-avtomated System in The points that I have mentioned so far Use at Army Service Library apply, of course, to any library. The basic The Army Map Service Library in Wash- considerations are pretty much the same, ington, D. C. has used punched cards and even as the basic purposes and procedures of electric accounting machines including a card most libraries are pretty much the same. punch, sorter, and tabulator since 1945 in However, there are some factors to be con- cataloging maps. The punched cards can be sidered that depend more particularly on the sorted mechanically, and lists can be pre- type of material in a collection. Primary pared from them automatically. The cards among these is the question as to whether an also have printed information interpreting automated system should store information the punches and are available for manual use. SPECIAL LIBRARIES A punched card system was first used in filed from the back of the drawer to the the Army Map Service during World War I1 front. in connection with distribution of mam to The cards are of two general types: "A" the various theaters of war. The demands for and "B." An "A" card is made for every quantities of maps to be shipped to different copy of every sheet in the collection. The areas became so heavy that it was impossible "B" card gives only the data common to all to maintain manual records of the map stocks sheets of one call number. The call number available and to prepare transmittal lists of consists of the geographic area, type of map, the sheets in each shipment. A simple punched primary subject classification, producing au- card system was installed using only the thority, and scale. For example, a topo- AMS key number, area, series, sheet number, graphic map of France, produced by the and edition to identify each map. All of Army Map Service at a scale of 1:500,000 them had been printed at AMS so identifica- would have the call number 6M, 1-30- tion was easy. 90000-500. In this number 6M represents When it was decided to use a similar sys- France; 1 indicates a general map (that is, tem for the library, an entirely new card was one covering all of France) ; 30 is the classi- designed. I mentioned earlier the importance fication number for topographic informa- of making a thorough study of manual op- tion; 90,000 is the code number for AMS; erations before installing an automated sys- and 500 is the denominator of the repre- tem. As a matter of fact, the card that was sentative fraction for the scale, with the last first designed for use in the Army Map three digits omitted. Service Library was redesigned after about This system has been in use since April 200,000 maps had been cataloged, because 1945. Some changes have been made in the the study of the manual system was not de- individual cards and in the files maintained, tailed enough. A fixed fieid on the punched but the basic system has continued and has card had been assigned to each category of been quite satisfactory. The chief advantage information. In some cases the maximum of using a punched card system is that lists space required in actual practice turned out of maps can be prepared much more easily to be greater than the field allotted to that and quickly than they could be with a man- category of information. A more thorough ual system. A list of new and revised maps study of manual operations would have re- is issued dailv:, , an accession list is issued vealed this before the cards were designed. monthly, and bibliographies are prepared on For each new or revised map sheet that is request, usually for maps of a particular area. added to the collection. a "data sheet" is These lists are prepared at the rate of 90 filled out by a cataloger. A number of lines per minute, with each line giving all punched cards are prepared from it, using the information from one punched card. different colors and stripes to indicate the It would be possible to determine by ma- file for which each card is intended. An chine sorting whether a particular map is in alpha-numeric code is used for most of the the collection, but such extensive sorting is information on the card. Designations are slow. and it has been found more economical preprinted on the cards to show the kind of and more efficient to maintain the cards in information given in each field. Reference to separate files for easy manual use. code lists is necessary to interpret most of the -There are, of course, disadvantages too in information, but frequent users of the files a punched card system. Although the cards soon become familiar with the codes for the are arranged for manual use and although areas, subjects, and authorities of most in- some of the information is interpreted on the terest to them. cards, much of it is still in code, and until The cards are filed in several separate a person becomes accustomed to using such files. Equipment used consists of metal files, cards and tabulations, he may consider them eight drawers high, with two removable trays unsatisfactory. However, the people who in each drawer. Because of the wav the cards work with the cards regularly find them easy are used with the machines, the cards are to use, and the catalogers prefer them. NOVEMBER 1963 Another use that is made of punched cards punched cards will be retained long enough at the Army Map Service Library is for issu- to have the new system tried out and to make ing an annual list of current periodicals. A sure the computer system lives up to expecta- data sheet is filled out for each new periodi- tions. The probability is that they would cal title regularly received in the Book and soon be destroyed, and new punched cards Periodical Branch. This gives the title of the would be retained only until the information periodical, the language of the text, fre- had been put on tape and the files had been quency of publication, retention period at up-dated. It is predicted that entries for the AMS, primary and secondary areas concerned entire collection arranged as they are now, (taking the same theater area numbers as by area, scale, authority, series number, and are used for maps), and the main subjects. so on, could be run off annually or semi-an- When the cards have been punched, in trip- nually and bound for manual use as a catalog licate, they are returned to the library, where in book form. Up-dating of the files may be they are filed in two files. The first is ar- monthly or weekly depending upon the com- ranged alphabetically by title, the second al- puter traffic situation. This could be supple- phabetically by broad subject fields and then mented by current punched cards to keep alphabetically by title. A tabulation can be information strictly up-to-date. If this appli- prepared at any time from these cards, giving cation is successful, three or four million the periodicals on a particular area, in a par- cards will be replaced by tape and bound ticular language, and so forth, and a list is tabulations, releasing hundreds of square feet printed and distributed annually. of valuable floor space and possibly providing more and faster service than is available Future Possibilities today. What about the future? Is a semi-automated system as far as one should go in the REFERENCES field of information storage and retrieval for BURGESON,John W. Information Retriez~al:Notes and Discu.r.iion on an Inexpensive System De- maps? Not necessarily. Actually studies are signed for Use by Small Research Library. Akron: in progress now at AMS to determine IBM, 1960, 19p. whether the map and manuscript library CLAPP,W. V. Research in Problems of Scientific should utilize some of the more recently de- Information, Retrospect and Prospect. Americniz veloped card systems or a computer. A Hon- Documentation, vol. 14, no. 1, January 1963, p. 1-9. eywell H-800 electronic computer is now in HAGEN,C. B. The UCLA Map Library. Special use at AMS, and studies are being made by Libraries Association Geography and Map Di7.i- library personnel working with personnel .riot2 Bulletin, no. 51, March 1963, p. 18. from the Department of Computer Services, At2 Introduction to Information Retrieval. New York: International Business Machines Corpora- which handles computer operations for any tion, 1960, 16p. (IBM General Information Man- department of the Map Service. ual) Although the punched card system has JAHODA,Gerald. The Development of a Combina- been quite satisfactory, it does have some tion Manual and Machine-based Index to Research limitations. Requests for selective listings of and Engineering Reports. Special Libraries, vol. 53, no. 2, February 1962, p. 74-8. maps have been turned down because the JOHNSON,H. THAYNE.An Approach to the Li- sorting process is too slow and cumbersome brary of the Future. Special Libraries, vol. 53, no. with the present equipment. With a com- 2, February 1962, p. 79-85. puter system, selecting, sorting, and listing KENT, Allen. Textbook 012 Mechanized Informa- maps would be a much faster and more flexi- tion Retrieval (Library Science and Documenta- tion, vol. 111). New York: Interscience, 1962, 268p. ble operation. Where the information is KIERSKY,Loretta J. Bibliography on Reproduc- listed now at the rate of 90 lines per minute, tion of Documentary Information, January-De- by computer and magnetic tape, the rate cember 1961. Special Libraries, vol. 53, no. 3, would be 10 times faster. March 1962, p. 135-40. KRUSE, Carolyn J. The Use of Electronic Com- The punched cards now being used could puters for Information Retrieval at the Naval Ord- be used as input for a computer system. If nance Test Station. Special Libraries, vol. 54, no. they are all converted to magnetic tape, the 2, February 1963, p. 90-3. SPECIAL LIBRARIES I.EWIS, Chester M. The Interrelationship of Micro- SEGAL, Ronald R. A D~scussion of Information film Copying Devices and Information Retrieval. Storage and Retrieval, [n.p.] 1961, 56p. Special Libraries, vol. 53, no. 3, March 1962, p. Soviet Developments in Information Storage and 130-4. Retrieval (JPRS 16,848), by Rudolph Yul'yevich MOUNT,Ellis. Information Retrieval from Tech- Bershadskiy. Washington, D. C.: Joint Publica- nical Reports Using Termatrex Equipment. Special tions Research Service, 1962, 53p (A complete Libraries, vol. 53, no. 2, February 1963, p. 84-89. translation of Uchenyy Kotoryy Zanyer Vse [The ATonconventional Technical Information Systems in Scientist Who Knows All) Moscow: 1962, 46p.) Current Use, No. 3 (NSF-62-34). Washington, TAUBE,Mortimer. Computers and Common D. C.: National Science Foundation, 1962, 209p. Sense: the Myth of Thinking Machines. New PERRY,J. W. and KENT,Allen. Documentation York: Columbia University Press, 1961, 136p. r~ndInformation Retrieval, an Introduciion to Ba- WHALEY,Fred R. The Use of a Collator in an .tic Principles and Cost Analysis. Cleveland: Press Inverted File Index. Special Libraries, vol. 53, no. of Western Reserve University and Interscience 2, February 1962, p. 65-73. Publishers, Inc., 1957, 155p. WHITLEY,V. W. Everyman's Information Re- Problems of Information Storage and Retrieval. triez,al System. White Sands Missile Range, N. M.: Navy Managemetzt Review, vol. V, no. 11, No- Signal Missile Support Agency Computation Cen- vember 1960, p. 4-6. ter (undated, 37p.).

National Atlas of the United States

DR. ARCH C. GERLACH, Chief, National Atlas Project U. S. Geological Survey Topographic Division, Washington, D. C.

ONSIDERABLE thought Barnes of the Department of Agriculture, C has been devoted, attempted to stimulate and coordinate the over a period of years, to prod&tion of maps by federal mapping the creation of a National agencies with the hope they could be col- Atlas of the United States. lated into a loose-leaf atlas of the United Samuel Boggs, Geogra- States. Approximately 80 sheets were pro- pher of the Department duced between 1954 and 1961. Librarv-. of Connress - of State, initiated some To achieve greater uniformity of quality, preliminary work in the 1940's. With finan- better organization of content, and central- cial assistance from the American Council ized distribution of the maps, the NAS-NRC of Learned Societies, the American Geograph- Committee recommended iis own dissolution ical Society prepared a dummy for a Na- in 1961 and that responsibility for the Na- tional Atlas between 1947 and 1950 in the tional Atlas be transferred to the U.S. Geo- ho~ethat commercial firms would undertake logical Survey. Secretary of the Interior, Stew- publication. The expense of compilation and art L. Udall, agreed that the U.S. Geological publication appeared prohibitive, however, Survey should undertake the preparation and and the ~roblemof ~roductionwas referred publication of a completely new National to the Association of American Geographers. Atlas, carefully planned to serve government In 1954 the Association succeeded in hav- agencies, business and industrial organiza- ing a Committee on National Atlases estab- tions, educational institutions, and foreign lished in the National Academy of Sciences- scholars. National Research Council. The Committee, In March, 1962, the author was transferred under the chairmanship of Dr. Carleton from the Map Division and Chair of Geog- raphy at the Library of Congress to serve as Paper presented before the Geography and Map Chief of the National Atlas Project. In con- Division, June 10, 1962, at the 53rd Annual Special Libraries Association Convention in Wash- sultation with experienced thematic cartog- ington, D. C. raphers from universities, government agen- NOVEMBER 1963 cies, and commercial mapping firms, plans architectural forms, election results, and in- have been developed for a new National At- dex maps showing the extent of coverage of las, which will be a cartographic monograph significant large scale sets and series of maps designed to show scientifically and effectively and charts, as well as of air photos, for the the manifold characteristics of the United United States. The Atlas will also contain a States. Cartographic consultants who have detailed index and extensive biblioera~hic V I been officially involved in the National Atlas notes to refer readers to more detailed maps, Project to date are: Robert M. Coffin, Edward documents, or other publications of special- B. Espenshade, Jr., Fred W. Foster, Richard significance for each special subject. Edes Harrison, George Jenks, Erwin Raisz, It is generally recognized that loose-leaf Hal Shelton, John Sherman, and Robert J. binding permits early publication of part of Voskuil. an atlas and the addition of new sheets in Many of the basic characteristics of the logical sequence, as well as their replacement new National Atlas have already been deter- when they have become worn or dirty or mined. The dimensions will be 19 x 14 inches, have been revised. There are also some ad- with double-page maps opening to 19 x 28 vantages in being able to remove maps for inches. Basic maps of the United States will reproduction or for conference and exhibit be on the Albers equal area projection with use, and, of course, the entire work may be standard parallels at 29% and 45% north bound later if that is desired. On the other latitude. The scale will be 1 :7,500,000, with hand, 84 percent of some 3,000 potentid insets of Hawaii and Puerto Rico with the users expressed in questionnaire responses a Virgin Islands at the same scale but of Alaska definite preference for a solid but flexible at 1: 17,000,000. The maps will be printed and durable binding, which gives a psycho- on white paper with a gray margin, a dark logical impression of greater prestige, costs gray border, and a light gray tint across Can- less, and provides less chance of losing pages. ada and Mexico. The oceans will be darker In addition to problems of content, ar- blue for deep water and lighter blue over the rangement, format, and appropriate general- continental shelf. Ordinarily, grid lines will ization for various scales, there are problems be white over the oceans and gray over the of appropriate type styles and sizes and ob- land, but they will frequently be deleted over taining a paper that is truly white, light in land areas where they have little significance weight, soil resistant, opaque, takes ink well, in the reading of special subject maps. Many and has a high tear resistance. Uniformity of subjects will be treated on smaller scale maps format will be achieved by having the scrib- (1 : l7,OOO,OOO and 1:34,000,000) covering ing and reproduction of all maps for the new half or quarter pages, but there will also be Atlas done in the Geological Survey, but a section of regional maps at approximately data will be gathered from a wide range of 1:2,000,000, carefully indexed for general government agencies, learned societies, edu- reference purposes. cational institutions, commercial firms, and In its total organization, the new National other reliable sources. A substantial number Atlas will have groups of maps dealing with of the new Atlas maps will be completed the physical, historical, economic, and cultural within two years, and some will be sold features of the United States in addition to a separately, as they are issued, by the Map few world maps illustrating the international Distribution Branch of the U.S. Geological relations of the country and regional maps Survey. to show locational details. Among the 400 Completion of the bound volumes is pages planned for the new atlas there will be planned for 1966 to take advantage of the coverage of topography, geology, soils, cli- 1964 Census of Business and Industry and mate, natural vegetation, hydrology, re- the 1965 Census of Agriculture. The Atlas sources, transportation, telecommunication, Project includes a program for regular re- industries, crops, marketing areas, cultural vision of individual maps as significant features, population distribution, density, changes warrant it and of the entire work structure and movement, health conditions, every decade. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Mechanized Information Storage and Retrieval Made Easy

STEPHEN E. FURTH, Applications & Account Planning Manager IBM Data Processing Division, White Plains, New York

which may be historical or static in nature or may be dynamic. Historical data may be personnel data, test data, and so on, and must be distinguished from dynamic data such as balances of accounts and inventories. Unfor- matted information is text, which, of course, does include substantial portions of for- tions process, and there are others of equal matted information in the form of reports importance. From the systems point of view, showing the results of tests and experiments, communications as a system has several sub- formulae, and similar tabular matter. systems, such as : For many years systems dealing with for- 1. Collection of information matted information or data have taken ad- 2. Selection of information for inclusion vantage of the capability of modern tools into the system such as data processing equipment, which 3. Classification or indexing performs certain functions satisfactorily: 4. Dissemination 1. It arranges and rearranges data 5. Storage for future recovery 2. It selects data by comparison to a set of 6. Retrieval. predetermined criteria With the increase in the volume of mate- 3. It displays the desired data graphically. rial to be collected, the increasing complexity Fundamental to the use of data processing of selecting the right kind of material to be equipment is the availability of a machine- included into the system, and the complexity readable record. For formatted information of indexing and classification in the face of this can be accomplished by connecting re- the multiple aspects usually covered by the cording devices, by making standard-sized literature, the problem of performing tradi- forms with machine-readable marks, by read- tional library services adequately has become ing previously recorded data optically, or by costly and burdensome. Add to that the keypunching them. Obviously, only by mak- shortage of qualified personnel, and it can ing information machine-readable can ad- readily be recognized that a solution must be vantage be taken of the speed and accuracy found to relieve professional librarians from with which data processing equipment can the many clerical tasks involved in processing perform the above mentioned functions. documents into a library so that more atten- Systems dealing with text rarely have the tion can be given to the intellectual work in- advantage of having information available in volved in selecting material, indexing, and machine-readable form. Text is included in answering inquiries from users. books, documents, reports, letters, and con- Formatted and Unforrnatted Data tracts. Unformatted information, however, Informaticn today can take many forms. also includes pictures and maps that cannot Generally, it is divided into formatted infor- be represented in digital fashion. Therefore, mation, usually consisting of numeric data, today most systems dealing with unformatted material retrieve not information itself, but Presented before the Newspaper Division, June 11, 1963, at the 53rd Annual Special Libraries references to a document, a picture, or a map Association Convention in Denver, Colorado. through the use of catalogs or indexes. NOVEMBER 1963 A library or a technical information center ceive a hard copy of the document, an ab- is this type of system of storing and retriev- stract only, or if he is not interested in the ing books or documents, and the card catalog document offered. Most important, however, stores information about them. To take ad- he can communicate with the system by mak- vantage of the capabilities of data processing ing comments such as: "Please add the fol- equipment, information about the documents lowing keywords to my profile since I now must be available in machine-readable form. have a new assignment," or "While I'm not In the case of documents, books, pictures, or interested in this document, Mr. X in De- maps stored in a library or technical informa- partment XYZ, is working on a very similar tion center, this information can be obtained problem and would be interested." as a by-product of library processing. In this type of information storage and retrieval system all the manual work neces- Machine-Producible Library Records sary is recording the original information at When a library decides to purchase an the time material is acquired. Of course it item, a set of punched cards can be prepared, may be necessary to correct some information, consisting of a card for the author's name, a and when cataloging or indexing, informa- card for the title, the publisher, and other tion may have to be added to the original bibliographical information. This set of cards data. Having this information available in a can be inserted into a machine that will read form the machine can read assures that no the holes punched in the cards and automat- further manual operations are necessary, ically type on a purchase order form the in- since machines will automatically duplicate formation required. Subsequently, when the the correct information. They will also ar- item is received, the same set of cards may be range the data and information in the se- used for preparing shelflists, catalog cards, quence desired and print out catalog cards, accounting records, and circulation controls. catalogs in book form, indices, accession lists, By means of devices that automatically ar- KWIC indices, selective dissemination no- range these cards in the desired sequence, tices, and answers to search requests. such as alphabetically by title or by author, Although circulation control is not directly bulletins or accession lists can be prepared.1 connected with information storage and re- A further extension of the use of data trieval, it should be pointed out that the same processing equipment would be the use of machine-readable records may be used to the same set of cards for preparing key- prepare circulation records, which are proc- word-in-context indexes once a month, once essable by data processing equipment, not a quarter, or, if desired, on a cumulative only to maintain control over circulation but basis.' Such an index serves as an inexpen- also to obtain valuable statistical information. sive means of disseminating information Very similar procedures of recording infor- about books or documents in the library, mation in machine-readable form may be using the very cards that were originally used for the control of serials. punched for the purchase or acquisition of In the case of newspapers, the problem of the same books or documents. recording information about an article, a pic- An even more effective means of dissemi- ture, or a map would be somewhat different nating information could be established by from what could be done with documents. matching the keywords in the documents When the paper is published, an indexer (which could be the words in the title sup- could write on a form or dictate into a dic- plemented by keywords assigned by an in- tating machine the subject headings or key- dexer) against keyword profiles representing words. From either source a keypunch op- the interests of users. Selective dissemination erator could transcribe the subject headings of information (SDI) uses a computer to or keywords to a punched card for storage match documents and profiles and, based on and retrieval as an index. A clipping, photo- a predetermined percentage, to determine graph, or map would be numbered in chron- who should receive a notification.3 In his ological sequence and would be located in response a user can indicate his desire to re- only one place in the file. Searches would be SPECIAL LIBRARIES against the index, and the acces- field generally and in information storage slon number would lead to an item in its and retrieval in particular. chronological sequence in the file. Having In the foreseeable future the editorial con- this information in machine-readable form tent of a newspaper, whether coming in from would make it possible to purge the file on a news services or generated by the staff, will continual basis and to remove items of lesser be available in machine-readable form, wilI current interest to less expensive space. be fed through a computer for editing and The cost of an automated information stor- justification/hyphenation, creating an output age and retrieval system naturally depends on which, on the o'ne hand, will operate type- the equipment needed. Selection of the right setting equipment, and, on the other, will be equipment configuration for the performance processed further for automatic indexing and of the various tasks outlined above is a mat- storage. Eventually access to clippings or ter of systems design, volume of work to be other documents will be possible from re- processed, desired service to the ultimate mote points by the use of transmission and user, and many other factors.4 Frequently a display equipment. Such systems will, of library may be able to use machines installed course, nost be installed without adequate elsewhere in the company for some or all of preparation, and the analysis and planning its data processing functions. for the utilization of automated systems can only be done by teaming up systems analysts Advantages of Mechanical Systems with librarians. Tangible savings from the use of mechan- The range of equipment available to li- ical tools will come from the following areas: braries is such that even fairly small libraries can take advantage of it and are obliged to 1. Impvoved Retrieval Eficiency: Machines learn something about it. All manufacturers will prepare indexes that may be used by re- of data processing equipment offer short questers to select desired items or, where courses, some specifically designed for li- necessary, machines may perform searches. brarians. The best way for a library to decide 2. Savings in Space: These can be accom- what areas to mechanize and what equipment plished by eliminating catalog cards and sub- procedures to use is to analyze the present stituting for them printed catalogs, magnetic work flow. An article by Edward Heiliger, tapes, or discs of indexing information. former librarian, University of Illinois Li- In newspaper libraries great savings in brary, which appeared in the October 1962 space will be achieved by reducing to one the issue of Special Libraries, is helpful in this number of copies of an item to be stored and regard. Whether you need a simple keypunch by the possibility of using the machine-read- typewriter combination like the IBM 870 able index for continual weeding of the files. Document Writer or a computer, the steps 3. Elimination of Filing of Multiple Copies outlined are essential for a sound program. of same item under different headings. Only one physical copy has to be filed. An index prepared by or stored in a machine would CITATIONS provide access to items from multiple aspects. 1. Mechanized Library Procedures (E20-8094). International Business Machines Corporation. First among the intangible benefits to be SCHULTHEISS,Louis A,, HEILIGER,Edward M., derived from mechanization of information and CULBERTSON,Don S. Advanced Data Proc- retrieval is improved service to the user and essing in the University Library. New York: Scare- greater accuracy because of a more specific crow Press, 1962. 2. Keyword in Context Indexing (E20-8091). response to his questions. Probably of equal International Business Machines Corporation. importance is the facility with which a well 3. Selective Dissemination of Information (E20- designed mechanized system can grow with 8092). International Business Machines Corp. the growth of the organization, adapt itself to 4. BAGG,Thomas C., and STEVENS,May Elizabeth. the changing needs of users, and take ad- Information Selection Systems Retrieving Replica Copies: A State of the Art Report (Technical Note vantage of the technological improvements 157). Washington, D. C. National Bureau of that can be expected in the communications Standards, December 31, 1961. NOVEMBER 1963 Xerography in the Library

LOUIS G. VAGIANOS, Assistant to Librarian John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island

ow THAT xerography, the electrophoto- copied that will be reproduced (i.e. pressing N graphic process that has made possible the M button will insure the copying of ev- the remarkable 914 copier, has become an erything up to the size 10y2 x 15 inches; the indispensable tool for many libraries and 14, up to 10y2 x 14 inches; the 11, up to new applications for its use are constantly 10y2 x 11 inches). More important, though, being discovered and refined, a few words is the adjustment of the "Print" lever to the describing the experience of the Brown Uni- proper tone setting. Since the amount of versity Library may be welcomed by the un- cleaning needed on the completed master is initiated and those struggling to develop new dependent on the amount of toning that ap- techniques. To do this it is not necessary to pears on it, it is essential to reduce the toning evaluate the performance of the machine, as much as possible. It is especially helpful discuss the technical process involved in to have a clean drum and to keep the toner copying, or indulge in a cost per copy analy- setting on the "Print" lever as low as possi- sis. All this has been done and is readily ble while still producing good, readable available in the library literature. My remarks copy. It takes somewhere between 10-15 cop- will be confined to some applications we ies for any noticeable change in the toner have found especially useful and some sug- setting to take effect; so it is important that gestions relating to the operation and main- the operator remember to make this adjust- tenance of the machine. ment well in advance. It mav also be necessary to stir the toner. In damp, humid Producing Masters weather the toner has a tendency to cake. The most important use for the 914 (apart The final step involves loading the masters from routine book copy work) is the prep- into the paper feeder. To prevent jamming aration of masters for multiple copies. For or the feeding $f several masters at one time this purpose Colitho direct-image, offset du- through the machine, be certain the masters plicating paper plates-numbers 50 or 70, lie flat and that onlv one of the tension depending on the number of copies needed springs in the paper compartment is used as -produce the finest results. (We use num- a guide. (Proper placement of paper or mas- ber 50 for 300 copies or less, number 70 for ters cannot be overem~hasized.Most break- 1,000 copies or less.) These masters are the downs in the Xerox process result from care- product of the Columbia Ribbon and Carbon lessness in handling this simple task!) Company. They have proven most satisfac- When running masters another advisable tory because of their surface, which has the adjustment is increasing the paper tension, ability to withstand thorough cleaning with- thereby causing more pressure to be exerted out breaking through to the backing. When on the rubber rollers. This can overcome the ordering, remember to request masters with smooth finish on the master material and square, round, or elongated punched holes. reduce paper feed malfunctions. Some appli- The type needed will depend on the duplicat- cations using the number 70 master require ing machine available for your use. that each master be fed manually. Light- Before beginning the production of mas- weight masters cause occasional feeding ters, certain adjustments must be made in the problems but have tested out best to date. control box of the machine. The fuser must The cleaning of masters is a relatively be pushed to "High," and the M, 14, or 11 simple operation requiring the use of fine button must be pressed. These buttons de- steel wool (grade #0000) and a little prac- termine the total area of the item to be tice. Rub gently over the printed area and SPECIAL LIBRARIES November 1963, No. 4

Published quarterly by Special Libraries Association, 31 Eust loth Street, New York 3

he Board of Directors held its Fall Meeting in New York City, September 26-27, T 1963, at the Belmont Plaza Hotel. All members were in attendance for the two days of discussion and deliberation as were the Cha ter and Division Liaison Wcers, the Fi- nance Committee Chairman, and a number o k' other Committee Chairmen and Special Representatives. As a festive break from Association business, Stechert-Hafner, the international bookselling firm that is also the Association's landlord, entertained the Board at dinner Thursday evening at Giovanni's.

Agnes Bdte, Chairman of the Professional Standards Committee, reported on her group's progress in preparing uestionnaires and lists to be used for a sumq of several types of established special liz raries. The information gathered will enable the Committee's consultant, Ruth Leonard, to start drafting formal standards on library collections, space and uipment, and budget. Many Chapters and Divisions have already assisted in preparing7 raft statements on objectives, services, and staff, and the Committee will distribute printed copies of these drafts to all members of the Advisory Council. The Board approved the Committee's four recommendations: 1) establishing an advisory board that will comment on work submitted to it by the Committee; 2) scheduling a discussion of the Committee's work at the February 1964 Advisory Council meeting; 3) authorizing the Committee to contact Chapter Presidents, Division Chairmen, and others to request names of libraries suitable for the survey; and 4) surveying selected special libraries to obtain information for drafting the standards.

Professional Standards Subcommittee on Professional Ethics for Special Librar- A ians will be organized to consider drafting a code of ethics.

he S cia1 Classifications Center has received a grant of $13,838 from the Na- T.tlona !? Science Foundation to sup rt the expansion of the services and holdings of the Center, which was formerly calle8" the SLA Loan Collection of Classification Schemes and Subject Heading Lists. Under the terms of the grant, a contract was negotiated with the Western Reserve University School of Library Science, and this contract was approved by the Board as was a budget. Barbara Denison, formerly Assistant Curator of the Col- lection, has been appointed Director of the Center.

lizabeth M. Walkey, Chairman of the Translations Activities Committee, sum- E marized the recent work of her Committee. A proposal seeking foundation support for the compilation of a comprehensive cumulative index to existing translations of journal articles, monographs, patents, symposia, and other technical material is being prepared. A $74,113 budget for the Translations Center for 1963-64 was approved.

he Representative to the Joint Libraries Committee on Fair Use in Photoco ying, T Chester M. Lewis, reported on recent developments concerning the fair use of copyrighted material and said that possibly a draft of a new copyright law might be ready by the spring of 1964. At his recommendabon the Board approved an official communication to the Joint Committee urging that it I) give greater publicity to the statement on fair use in photocopying single copies; 2) prepare and publish rebuttals to the many criticisms that have appeared in print recently about the use libraries are making of hotocopying equipment to the detriment of publishers, authors, and advertisers; and 3) tgat the Gm- mittee begin considering other areas of fair use such as that involved in multiple photocopying.

ean Flegal, representing the Finance Committee, presented the budget for 1963-64 J and related how the Committee had endeavored to take into account the possible effects of the 1964 dues increase for Active and Associate members. The Board approved an operating budget of $211,558 as well as two recommendations: I) that Chapters continue to receive allotments of 15 per cent of the revenue received from Chapter memberships and that Divisions receive five per cent of Division memberships (since the membership dues will be increased, this percentage will substanially increase in the total amount of the allotments received by Cha ters and Divisions) ; and 2) that the minimum allot- ment to Chapters and Divisions b' e increased from $100 to $150. A summary of the budget is given below, with 1962-63 figures for comparison. A detailed Treasurer's report will be published in News and Notes in January 1964.

Income 1962-63 Dues $ 94,510 Interest on Savings 1,200 Transfer from other Funds 11,070 Scientific Meetings 4,550 S eciul Libraries 33,425 Lchnicd Book Review Index 16,800 Unlisted Drugs service 1,125 Addressing Service 3,500 Convention 12,000 Miscellaneous 400 Total $178,580

Expenditures Chapters $ 11,250 Divisions 5,050 Committees 8,220 General Operations 26,605 Salaries 61,140 News and Notes 1,110 5,390 35,250 echnicul Book Review Index 12,825 Unlisted Drugs 1,125 Convention 5,000 Retirement Program - Miscellaneous 12,230 Total $185,195

lam for the 1964 Convention in St. Louis are developing in an orderly fashion ac- Pcording to the Convention Chairman, James V. Jones. The program will start with an o en house Sunday afternoon, June 7, 1964, at the Pius XI1 Memorial Library at St. Louis diversity, and there will be a reception that evening in the exhibit area. Don Swanson, Dean of the University of Chicago Graduate Library School, will deliver the keynote ad- S-18 dress at the first general session on Monday. A new, experimental type of joint general session will be held Tuesday morning in which the audlence will break up into groups divided by size of library staff to discuss the ideas raised in the preceding general orien- tation talk on creativity given by D. M. Green, Vice-president in Charge of Research and Development at Grove Laboratories. The Annual Banquet will be held that evening, perhaps followed by a reception at the St. Louis Public Library. On Wednesday a third general session, the Annual Business Meeting, and a trip down the Mississippi on the steamer "Admiral" are scheduled. Monday and Tuesday afternoons and all day Thursday will be reserved for Division programs. A special attraction will be a Convention-wide "night-at-the-o era" at the St. Louis Municipal Opera on Thursday evening. The Forestry Librarians will \ e holding six one-half-day sessions concurrently with the SLA Convention. he Representatives to the Joint Committee on Colleges of Pharmacy Libraries of Tthe American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Mrs. Mildred P. Clark and Efren W. Gonzala, reported that the group is currently concerned with four ft0jec.t~: 1) a workshop to be held during the MLA Pharmacy Section meetin in Philade phia m 1965 ; 2) a working manual in literature searching techniques for un f ergraduate use in colleges of harmacy; 3) a handbook for pharmacy librarians based on the Sewell-Strieby course outlne of 1919; and 4) a list of pharmacy theses for the last ten years.

he Ad Hoc Film Study Committee, Edward G. Strable, Chairman, described a num- T ber of possibilities for producing a film on some aspect of special librarianship and repotted that his Committee will continue investigating ways and means.

retirement program for the Association's Headquarters staff members was ap- A proved by the Board, and a group annuity contract has been made with the Connect- icut General Life Insurance Company.

he ADI-SLA Joint Operating Group (JOG) has met to discuss how the two or- Tganizations can best cooperate in areas of mutual interest and concern, and it was decided to concentrate first on joint recruitment efforts.

he Board has gone on record as favoring a permanent representative to the Inter- T tional Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) and will study the matter further. Dr. Karl A. Baer, SLA's 1963-64 representative to the 29th Session of IFLA in Sofia, Bul- garia, Se tember 1-6, 1963, has been named temporary chairman of a newly created Section of Special Libraries IELA, which will be organized during the coming year.

allowing through on the recommendation of the Goals Committee that the Asso- Fciation have an active research program undenvay by 1970, President Mrs. Mildred H. Brode has appointed a Committee for the Study of an SLA Research Program. Dr. Pagl Wasserman is Chairman; other members of the Committee are: Mrs. Marjorie R. Hyslop, Dr. Anthony T. Ktuzas, Rose L. Vormelker, and Bill M. Woods.

he Board approved the Association's affiliation as a member of the National Con- T ference of Organizations of the Eleanor Roosevelt Memorial Foundation, whose objective is to continue the interests and projects of the former First Lady in the areas of human rights, social welfare, and better mternational understanding.

he Membership Committee, under the Chairmanship of Aileen Thompson, has T taken positive steps to assist the continual increase in new Association members as well as retention of present members by drafting letters encouraging Student memberships and to Chapter Membership Committees.

he slate for the Nominating Committee for 1964-65 was approved and includes: T Agnes Brite, Librarian, New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, Boston; Mary S-19 C. Dunnigan, Librarian, United States Brewers Association, Inc., New York; Kenneth H. Fagerhaugh, Librarian, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh; Sophie Furman, Librarian, Stein, Roe and Farnham, Chicago; and Chairman, Alvina Wassenberg, Tech- nical Librarian, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation, Spokane. TheAssociation's Gods for 1970, which were published in Special Libraries in April 1963, p. 215-6, have been reprinted in quantity and are available gratis upon request to Association Headquarters. To help ac uaint and remind members with these goals, copies will be distributed each year to mern1 ers of the Advisory Council. ecent official representations of the Association at other professional, educational, R and organizational meetings have included: Margaret A. Firth at the 37th Annual Conference of Aslib in St. Andrews, Scotland, September 24-26, 1963; Ralph C. Simon at the September 15, 1963 meeting and reception of the American Association for the United Nations with the U. S. Delegation to the 18th General Assembly of the United Nations; and Mrs. Linda M. Johnston at the 75th anniversary convocation of the Georgia Institute of Technology, October 7, 1963.

hanges in the SLA Official Directory as of October 8, 1963 are: MONTREALCHAP- C TER PRESIDENT:Eileen Morash, Librarian, National Film Board Reference Library, 3255 Cote de Liesse Rd., P.O. Box 6100, Montreal, Quebec; MUSEUMDIVISION CHAIR- MAN: Mrs. Miriam L. Lesley, Free Library of Philadelphia, Logan Square, Philadelphia 3, Pennsylvania. chapter visits to be made by President Mrs. Mildred H. Brode, during 1963-64 are: u Heart of America and Bos ton-November 4 Dayton-April 10 St. Louis-October 12 Montreal-November 6 Oklahoma-April 24 New York-October 24 Baltimore-December 3 Texas-April 25 New Jersey-January 13 president-Elect William S. Budingmn will visit:

Minnesota-October 4 Louisiana-October 26 Philadelphia-November Oak Ridge-October 23 Cincinnati-November 6 Alabama-November 15 Georgia-November 8 he Association has become the United States sales agent for selected Aslib pub- T lications and currently has ten titles in stock. In turn, Aslib is serving as SLA's sales agent in the United Kingdom. All prices remain the same. lans for the American Reference Center for the U. S. Pavilion at the 1964-65 New PYork World's Fair, in which SLA, and AD1 are cooperating with ALA, are shaping up rapidly according to SLA's representative Elizabeth Ferguson. Scholarships are being solicited to pay for the travel, training, and living ex nses of the 300 librarians who will be needed to staff the Center. SLA and the New Yor'T Chapter are both providing $1,000 scholarships, and industry has already pledged $12,850. Companies may also su port the Center by paying the living and trainmg expenses of their own librarians who quaP ~fy. n exchange of special librarians from the United States and the Soviet Union has A been proposed to the Director of the Soviet and East European Exchange Program of the United States De artment of State. Each exchange group would consist of six to eight persons who roul~! tour the other's country for a one month period visiting s libraries, discussing techniques, materials, services, and training methods, and expf-I onng the exchange of materials. he Mid-Winter Meeting of the Board of Directors and the Advisory Council will T be held at the Sheraton-Belvedere Hotel, Baltimore, Maryland, February 13-15, 1964. Nominating- Committee Report 1963-1964 The Nominating Committee presents to the Board of Directors the following candidates for office, all of whom have accepted nomination: President WILLIAMS. BUDIN~TON,Associate Librarian The John Crerar Library 35 West Thirty-Third Street Chicago 16, Illinois President-Elect SARAAULL, Reference Librarian ALLEENTHOMPSON, Librarian University of Houston Atomic Power Equipment Dept. Cullen Boulevard General Electric Company Houston 4, Texas P. 0. Box 254 San Jose, California Chairman of the Advisory Council MRS.ELIZABETH M. HUTCHINS,Assistant Librarian Young & Rubicam, Inc. 285 Madison Avenue New York 17, New York Chairman-Elect of the Advisory Council EPRBNW. GONWLEZ,Director HERBERTS. WHITE,Manager Technical Communications Technical Information Center Grove Laboratories, Inc. IBM Data Systems Division 8877 Ladue Road International Business St. Louis 24, Missouri Machines Corporation Poughlreepsie, New York Treasurer KATHERINEDODGE, Librarian JEANE. FLEGAL,Librarian McCam-Erickson,Inc. Business Library 485 Lexington Avenue Union Carbide Corporation New York 17, New York 270 Park Avenue New York 17, New York Directors (Elect One) WILLIAMKAYE BEATTY, Librarian PAULJ. BURNETTE,Director The Archibald Church Medical Library Army Library Northwestern University Office of the Adjutant General 303 East Chicago Avenue Headquarters, Department of Chicago 11, Illinois the Army Washington 25, D. C. (Elect One) KENNETHN. METCALP,Librarian MAURICEF. RAHILLY,Chief Henry Ford Museum Research Library Section Greenfield Village Research and Advanced Development Dearborn, Michigan Division Avco Corporation Wilmington, Massachusetts Members continuing to serve on the Board of Directors for 1964-1965 will be the Immediate Past- President, Mrs. Mildred Hooker Brode; and Directors, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Roth, Joan M. Hutchinson, Helene Dechief, and Mrs. Dorothy B. Skau. Further nominations, accompanied by written acceptance of the nominee, may be entered by peti- tion of 25 voting members and shall be filed with the Executive Director at least three months prior to the annual meeting. Respectfully submitted DIVISION BULLETINS

ISSUES PAY CHECK TO AND DIVESION TITLE EDITOR COVERAGE PER YR. PRICE SUBSCRIPTION FROM ADV~RTI~INGWhat's New in Ad- Darl M. Rush, Librarian Advertising, media, and mar- 10 $3.50 SLA AdvertisingMary Long Division tiertising and Market- Forbes, Inc. keting publications ; conmnler members ing 70 Fifth Ave. surveys and bibliographies ; pre- $5.00 Benton & Bowles, Inc New York, N. Y. 10011 publication announcements ; nonmembers 666 Fifth Are. analyses of important books, New York, N. Y. services. and periodicals Advertising Division Jeannette A. Golle Report from Chairman ; Com- Various pages Free to Advertising Division* Bulletin blacmanus, John & Adams, Inc. mittee reports; news of mem- and members Alice W. Rear1 Bloomfield Hills, Mich. bers and membership changes; rmpplements $2.00 5e~&id ~jyikoad membership directory ; special Offset nonmembers SpringEeld, Mass. features on professional topics -- The Reminder Ferol Wilbanks News notes; offldal notices; 8-12 pages Free to Biological Sciences Division bfedical Librarian original articles off,set members see editor Veterans Administration or mlmeo $2.00 Hospital nonmembers Oklahoma City, Okla. - BuEINEWAND Business and Finance Irene E. Fink Division news; brief notes of Free to Dorothy Kasman FINANO~ Divwim Newsletter Rutgero University members' activitiest members Lybrand,Montgomery Rosa Bros. am College of South Jersey $1.00 nonmembers 2 Broadwny New York. N. Y. DOCUM~NTA- Documentation Prog- Grim Asnnes News 4 pages Members free ZION re38 car&& fnc. Cargill Building Minnea~olis. Minn. 55402

:EOOUPAY Qeography and Yap Professional articles ; Division 28-36 pages Free to Ellen L. Freeman AND MAP Division Bulletin news ; book reviews ; bibilogra- Offset members 319% North Lincoln St. phies ; project reports : member $4.00 Bloomington, Indiana ship lists; cartographic or geo nonmembers graphic bibliographical news. Insurance Literature Ruby E. Fangeniann Annotated listings of current 10 Mrs. Jean French Ln. (formerly Ztldllrance 16 Stuyvesant Oval literature of all types in the Annual Nationwide ~enerh Book Reviews) New York 9, N. Y. 5eld of insurance index Insurance Co. 246 N. High St. Columbus 16. Ohio Insurance Division Agnes Brite, Librarian News items Free to Bulletin New England Mutual Life member8 Insurance Co. 601 Boylston St. Boaton 17, Mass. Scott J. Buginas Division news ; annual reports : 8-12 pages Free to 873 Coachella St. Fa11 meeting and convention Offset n~embers Sunnyvale. Oalif. programs Add "Special Libraries Association" to Diviiidou name when making out checks. t Bibliographies, evaluations of business services, directories, etc., will be produced as separate8 and charged ~OI separately. Announcements of such publications will be made in the N8wdletter. DIVISION BULLETINS

ISSUES PAY CHECK TO AND DIVISION TITLE EDITW COVERAGE FORMAT PER YR. PRICE SUBSCRIPTION FROM METALS Bibliography Esriea Morrison C. Haviland Ourrent metals 5eld ; prepared Varioue Various Free Contact editor Chief, Reader Servicea by members prim for dik Air Universi Library tribution at Metals stow Maxwell Airsorce Base, Ala. John J. heem News notes ; otecial noticea 4 Pages The Army Library offset TAGO, Room 1-A-51-H The Pentagon Washington 25. D. C. Idoxdun Mwmm DivZrion Jack 9. Goodwin Division news membersFmto 1 Epecial Libra&% 223 Pennsylvania Ave. S.E. Y.MUI I Association Bulletin Washington 3, D. C. NEWSP&~ Inone--utilizes Librasy BuWetin Wed by American Newspaper Publishers Association - -- Ptcmne Pictureacope Mrs. Minna Breuer Division news ; bibliographies ; 15-20 pagee Free to Picture Division, SLA 143 Melrose articles ; book reviews ; mem- Offset members 31 East 10th St. Albany 3, N. Y. bership list; project reports; $2.00 New York, N. Y. 10008 abstracts * nonmembers Mrs. Patricia P. Johnson Division news; articlea on 1i- 4- 6 pages I Don Hotaline American lferitage Publishing Co braries ; membership news ; Offset ~ewswesk~il;rary 551 Fifth Ave. want lists 444 Madison Ave. New York 1. N. Y. New York 22, N. Y. Feuton L. Kennedy Division and Section news and 30-80 pages Free to Walter A. Kee Applied Physics Laboratory =a1 Grta; biblio raphy Printed members 25017 Wood5eld Rd. Johns Hopkins University digest. documentstion &st ; $2.00 Damascus, Md. Silver Spring, Md. new &rial titles ; editorials and nonmembers articles i SCI-*OH Unlisted Drugs Winifred Sewell List of new drugs and compo- 11-13 papa 12 plus $16.00 Special Librarien PHARMA- 336 Howard Ave. sitions with reference to source photo-reduced emi-annual, damciation CrnICAL Rockville, Md. offset cumulative 31 East 10th Street SEXTION nnual index New York. N. Y. 10003 3c1-TECH COPNIP List Mrs. Anna R. Cocks Listing of current free indus- 5-6 pages 4 $3.00 PHARMA- Technical Processing Librarian trial or institutional pamphlet Mimeo CEUTICAL Miles Laboratories material of an informative na- SECTION 1127 Myrtle St. ture Elkhart, Indiana SOCIAL Bulletin of social 86 Ramonda Jo Barlow Division news ; membership Various 3 Free to SOIBPTCP meDividwn Cromwell Library lists ; articlea members American Bar Foundation 1155 East 60 St. I Chicago 97, Ill. Mrs. Iris Land Division news and business; Various Free to Trans Canada Air Lines Convention pmgnms Mimea members Place Ville Marie Montreal 2. Quebec. Canada I SLA Sustaining Members The following organizations are supporting the activities and objectives of the Special Libraries Association by becoming Sustaining Members for 1963. This list includes all applicants processed through October 9. ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIBRARY AEROJET-GENERALCORPORATION AETNASTEEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION ALLIEDRESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED AMERICANCAN COMPANY AMERICANCANCER SOCIETY MELLONNATIONAL BANK AND TRUSTCOMPANY AMERICANCYANAMID COMPANY MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELLREGULATOR AMEMCANELECTRIC POWER SERVICE CORP. COMPANY AMENCANGAS Assocm~~o~ MINNESOTAMINING & MANUFACTURING AMERICANHERITAGE PUBLISHING COMPANY COMPANY AMERICANIRON AND STEELINSTITUTE NATIONALASSOCIATION OF ENGINEAND BOAT AMEUCANTosacco COMPANY MANUFACTURERS AMPEX~RPORATION NATIONALBANK OF DETROIT ARMME NATIONAL LABORATORY NATIONALCASH REGISTER COMPANY ARMEDSERVICES TECHNICAL INFORMATION AGENCY NATIONALLEAD COMPANY ATLASCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, INC. NATIONALPUBLICATIONS COMPANY BELL& HOWELLRESEARCH CENTER NEWYORK LIFE INSURANCECOMPANY BELLTELEPHONE LABORATORIES NEWYORK PUBLIC LIBRARY BETHLEHEMSTEEL COMPANY NEWYORK TIMES BOEINGCOMPANY PACIFICLIBRARY BINDING COMPANY R. R. BOWKERCOMPANY BRIDGEPORTPUBLIC LIBRARY BUSINESSAND PROFESSIONALWOMEN'S FOUNDATION PEOPLESGAS LIGHT & COKECOMPANY LIBRARY PEPSICOLA COMPANY C~~ERCORPORA~ON PITTSBURGHPLATE GLASS COMPANY CHEMCELLLIMITED (Chemical Division. Barberton, Ohio) CHNERSBOOKBINDING COMPANY PITTSBURGHPLATE GLASS COMPANY CIBA PHARMACEUTICALF'RODUCTS INC. (New Martinsville, West Virginia) COLORADOSTATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PORTOF NEWYORK AUTHORITY CONSOLIDATEDBOOK SERVICE,INC. PRENTICE-HALL,INC. CONSOLIDATEDEDISON COMPANY OF NEWYORK PROCTER& GAMBLECOMPANY CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY PUBLICSERVICE ELECTRIC & GASCOMPANY CONTINENTALCARBON COMPANY PUREOIL COMPANY CORNELLUNIVERSITY LIBRARY RADIOCORPORATION OF AMERICA LA~RATORIES CORNINGGLASS WORKS RAND CORPORATION CROWNZELLERBACH CORPORATION REPUBLICAVIATION CORPORATION DALLASPUBLIC LIBRARY ROCKEFELLEROFFICE UBRARY Dow CHEMICALCOMPANY ROHM& HAASCOMPANY Dow CHEMICALLIBRARY ROYALBANK OF CANADA E. I. DU PONTDE NEMOURS& COMPANY ST. JOHN'SUNIVERSITY LIBRARY Iavoisier Library SHAWINIGANCHEMICALS LTD. E. I. ou PONTDE NEMOURS& COMPANY SHELLDEVELOPMENT COMPANY Technical Library SPACETECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES, INC. EASTMANKODAK COMPANY SQUIBBINSTITUTE FOR MEDICALRESEARCH Esso RESEARCH& ENGINEERINGCOMPANY J. W. STACEY,INCORPORATED F. W. FAXONCOMPANY, INC. STANDARDOIL COMPANYOF CALIFORNIALIBRARY FEDERALRESERVE BANK OF NEWYOM STANDARDOIL COMPANY(New Jersey) FIRSTNATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON STAUFFERCHEMICAL COMPANY &(ST NATIONALBANK OF CHICAGO STECHERT-HAFNER,INC. FORD FOUNDATION STERLING-WINTHROPRESEARCH INSTITUTE Fom MOTORCOMPANY SUEFOLKCOOPERATIVE LIBRARY SYSTEM GENERALELECTRIC COMPANY SUNOIL COMPANY GENEXALFOODS CORPORATION SYSTEMSDEVELOPMENT CORPORATION GENERALMOTORS CORPORATION TEXASGAS TRANSMISSION CORPORATION Public Relations Library J. WALTERTHOMPSON COMPANY GENERALMOTORS CORPORATION TIMEINCORPORATED Research Laboratories UNIONELECTRIC COMPANY GLICKBOOKBINDING CORPORATION UNITEDAIRCRAFT CORPORATION B. F. GOODRICHRESEARCH CENTER UNITEDCOMMUNITY FUNDS & COUNCILSOF HARVARDGRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AMERICA,INC. MINISTRATION UNITEDSTATES AIR FORCEACADEMY IBM, THOMASJ. WATSON RESEARCH CENTER UNITEDSTATES STEEL CORPORATION IDAHOSTATE COLLEGE LIBRARY UNITEDSTATES TESTING COMPANY INDIANASTATE LIBRARY UNIVERSALOIL PRODUCTSCOMPANY UNIVERSITYOF CONNECTICUT INTERCONTINENTAL MEDICALBOOK CORPORATION JOHNS-MANVILLERESEARCH & ENGMEERLNG CENTER WSTER J. JOHNSON,INC. ~ERALUMINUM & CHEMICALCORPORATION LIBRARYAm 5643-62-119, APO 238, NEW Yo= ELI LILLY AND COMPANY LOCKHEED hflSILES & SPACECOMPANY more briskly over the rest of the master. This ning glass. This system, as the article points should always be done, as it is impossible to out, is somewhat unsatisfactory, because it identify all the background toning on a produces heavy black lines around the edges master by looking at it. If only part of it is of the cards which take too long to erase. In cleaned, a shadow will generally print on the another system the operator marks the scan- neglected areas. Several liquid cleaners are ning glass with scotch tape and then places available, but we, as yet, have not found the proof cards directly on the glass. In still them as effective as steel wool. another system card proofs are again placed After a period of use, it will be observed on the scanning glass, and cardstock, which that drums used for masters wear more rap- is substituted for masters in the feeder, is idly and develop lines that may appear when printed directly. routine book copy work is done. This can Many arrangements are possible. Our pro- only be avoided if separate drums are used cedure differs from any of the above because for each operation. If this is not possible we have a special duplicating machine used because of the limited number of masters solely for the printing of cards. To produce needed or the prohibitive cost, another al- uniform catalog cards efficiently with a mini- ternative is available-limit the use of the mum of adjustments on the diplicating ma- machine for the production of masters to one chine, it was essential that we devise a form day a week or several hours each day, after that would insure exactly the same margins which the drum may be cleaned. on the top and left side of each card. We Regular cleaning habits are absolutely in- accomplished this by cutting a 10% x 15 dispensable and should be established. inch piece of bond paper in half. Guide Whether they are performed daily, weekly, lines, 1/4 inch long, corresponding to each or at other intervals will depend on the ma- of the edges of three catalog cards, were chine's usage and the quality of the copy printed on the margins. When original cata- produced. Vistawax (paste) is extremely loging is done, the information is typed di- good for cleaning the drum. Cleaning will rectlv to the form. When LC roof sheets also extend the drum's "life-expectancy." are used, the slips are pasted to the form We use our drum for both masters and reg- with a paste that allows them to be removed ular work. It has now produced 52,000 after they have been photographed. The copies and is still providing excellent copy. forms are then placed oi the top half of the scanning glass. The feeder of the paper com- Producing Catalog Cards partment is adjusted for the masters, which also have been cut in half. The masters mo- At the present time we use masters for the duced are cut along the guide lines printed library's weekly accessions lists, the staff bul- on the form and still visible on the master letin, special bibliographies, and the produc- into three equal cards, cleaned, and sent for tion of catalog cards. In the production of catalog cards a wide variety of systems are printing. cleaning is very rapid, as the guide used, which depend largely on the needs of lines do not have to be erased and the back- the library, the duplicating machines to be ground toning is almost negligible. used for printing from the masters, and the quality of the card one wishes to produce. Producing Halftones An interesting account of the arrangements We have also experimented with halftone used by the University of California, Los reproductions on masters and have been sur- Angeles, can be read in the spring 1963 issue prised and pleased to discover that satisfac- of Library Resotlvces and Technical Services tory reproductions can be obtained! As in the ("Xerox 914: Preparation of Multilith Mas- case of reproducing halftones for regular ters for Catalog Cards" by Harry D. Williams book work, we simply place a screen on the and Thomas Whitney, p. 208-11). In one scanning glass and place the item to be cop- arrangement jigs are utilized to hold the ied on top of the screen. In experimenting proof cards in the proper place on the scan- we have learned that, for most work, best NOVEMBER 1963 results have been obtained usineu either Ar- type or Paratone white dotted screens with SPOTTED 85 lines to an inch and a 40 per cent tone. I I With these we are able to ~roducethe satis- The United States ranks first in export- ing something like "le iazz hot," which needs factory reproductions while maintaining no translation, but, according to Unesco's well-defined, undistorted print. These screens "Index Translationum," it ranks sixth against are very inexpensive and can be purchased Russia's first in translated books published in at any well stocked art store. They can also 1961. The Bible is the most translated (246 be backed with a thin sheet of acetate, thus times), and President Kennedy received 20 extending the length of time they can be translations compared to Premier Khrush- used effectively. chev's 168. Under James T. Babb's In the library is kept a stock of screens direction, 1,780 books were chosen for the ranging from 20 per cent tone to 70 per cent White House Library. Reduced to statistics, the library contains 32 subject categories, tone. Since the 40 Der cent tone screen can very few reference volumes, and diverting be used with a fair degree of success on al- books like "Little Women" or ponderous most any halftone, it is used exclusively for tomes like the diaries and letters of a former all work done for the ~ublic.When. how- president published by the Ohio State Ar- ever, we wish to do a slightly better job for cheological Society. Have you forgot- a special project or library work, we vary the ten what a real library is like? "American screen used. If the halftone to be copied is Documentation" says a library is "a mauso- on the light side, the darker tone is used; leum for books. Once a historically valid conversely, if the halftone is dark, the lighter idea, the march of research has completely obviated its purpose by making chimerical tone is used. Considerable flexibility is possi- any idea of 'completeness' of a collection." ble with the quality varying accordi&ly~ "Coronet" magazine once published an It should be apparent to all that the 914 article called "Creeping Censorship in Our copier has many potential uses for libraries. Libraries." Galloping would seem more like ~hesecan be -exploited only by operators it when a governor personally selects all with skill, imagination, ingenuity, interest, textbooks, when authors such as Jack Lon- and time to experiment. don, Archibald MacLeish, and Carl Sand- burg are on certain book lists as subversive, and when a children's story about a black rabbit and a white rabbit strikes terror in a York Grant to New Academy of Medicine segregationist's heart. One of the an- An analysis of the medical literature re- swers to what an engineer would do when sources in the greater New York area and confronted with a technical research prob- the examination of possible applications of lem was "try to figure it out for myself or data processing equipment to make these re- consult the library." Unfortunately, says the sources available are the subjects of a two- conductor of the study, the engineer will year study to be made by the New York more often try to do the library research himself instead of putting it in the hands of Academy of Medicine with a $74,000 grant trained personnel. Former SLA Presi- from the Health Research Council of the dent Eugene Jackson, writing in the "ALA City of New York. In conjunction with the Bulletin," gave his point of view on the program of the Medical Library Center of question "Should Library Schools Produce New York and its Union Catalog of Med- Specialists or Generalists?": ". . . it is a ical Periodicals, which is being compiled question of where (specialist training) will be under the direction of Mrs. Jacqueline Felter, provided . . . in the library school or . . . the study will survey library holdings and another department of the university. I vote the use, misuse, and non-use of the medical for it to be given in tomorrow's library school by a faculty as dedicated as today's are, literature. In its second and final year of but possessing a deeper subject competence." activity, the Union Catalog, with the help 0 After the theft of a card catalog drawer, of a John A. Hartford Foundation $34,710 the librarian estimated it would take one per- grant, has accomplished 75 per cent of its son six months to check 75,000 books to re- total work goal. place the loss. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Role of the Motion Picture Library in 1963

ROBERT A. LEE, Research Assistant, Research Department Universal Pictures Co., Inc., Universal City, California

N A RECENT DRAMA cluding part-time clerks; of the ten depart- I section of the New ments, one has been converted to television, York Sunday Times, the several of the others are at half or auarter production of a new strength, and two have ceased altogether Doris Day film at Uni- (Columbia and Republic Studios). versal-Revue Studio, "The To understand this change, it may be Thrill of It All," was helpful to consider the origins of motion under discussion. A property man volun- picture libraries, the first of which was teered the information that the comedy was prompted by Cecil B. DeMille at Paramount to center around a type of soap named in 1915, and described by him in his auto- "Thrill," but a soap company had informed biography: him that there was already a detergent of ". . . in my quest for authenticity in films, I that name.1 Unmentioned was the fact that developed the habit of sending one of our secre- the soap company reached the property man taries, Bessie McGaffey, to the public library to through the medium of the research depart- bring me books on costume, architecture, gunnery, ment, which, while making a legal check, or whatever subject I was dealing with in planning a picture. Now, public libraries are most admirable discovered in the trade name registers that institutions, but they have one irritating custom. Procter & Gamble had recently developed a They want their books back. When, as often hap- "Thrill" detergent. Although a completely pened, Bessie found it necessary to remind me of unimportant point, it nevertheless serves to that, I would tell her, 'Well then, buy a copy of the book and next time we'll have it when we emphasize the manner in which motion pic- need it.' Bessie's office soon became crowded with ture libraries have always operated, quietly books. and her time crowded with consulting them in the background of studio operations, yet in answer to my questions. That was the birth, I striving for authenticity in all aspects of believe, of 'Research' as a full-fledged department their research. in a motion picture studio."' A year later Leroy Armstrong had started Development of Studio Libraries a library for Carl Laemmle at Universal, It was interesting to learn, while search- and by 1926 the librarians of Fox, Para- ing for literature on the subject, that other mount, and Universal were reporting to than LeRoy's "how-to-get-in-to-the-depart- Special Libraries Association on the size of ment" book of 1953,"ery little had been their collections and staffs. Starting out as written about studio libraries since 1944, primarily book libraries, with valuable works when librarian Eleanore E. Wilkins pretty on art, architecture, history, travel, costume, well summed up what had been written and biography, they quickly developed what previously in library literature.3 This gap is turned out to be the outstanding feature of not surprising when one considers the their departments-picture collections. chaotic years in the motion picture industry since its so-called high poi2 of production Picture Collections during World War 11. At that time ten film Illustrations may be collected in various research departments were working at full ways. There are: alphabetical files of clip- strength, aid the number of researchers em- pings, photographs, pamphlets, photostats, ployed reached a total of 56.4 By 1963 this brochures, and so on, there are pictures number had been reduced to about 32, in- mounted on 11 x 14 inch cards and filed NOVEMBER 1963 alphabetically (the most rapid way of find- tion for a Universal film like "Spartacus," it ing, say, "Scarecrows" or "Spirit of '76" would have been absurd not to take advan- when an art director is breathing down one's tage of the many pictorial notebooks made neck!) ; and, most important, there are the up at M-G-M for the earlier "Quo Vadis" magazine files and indexes specially pre- and "Julius Caesar," pictures from only a pared by researchers to cover pictures of slightly later period in Roman history and almost any possible subject not brought out portraying many identical artifacts of the by Reader's Guide or Art Index-unspec- time. And more recently, when Alabama tacular things like back yards, basements of license plates for 1932 and 1933 were Chinese laundries, or Murphy beds. With needed for "To Kill a Mockingbird," it was the spread of color prodGction in recent common research knowledge that M-G-M years, the designation of subjects in color or had actual samples of all United States black-and-white has become important. license plates from the mid-20's to date. Walt Disney's library is notable for its Equally as important as this interstudio collection of Sears, Roebuck catalogs, which assistance is the vast accumulation of re- go back to the turn of the century and il- sources at Los Angeles Public Library and its lustrate so well the trappings of each year, branches. It has always been the first source and for a special file of jokes (from Joe for books on particular and possibly obscure

Miller to Milton Berle).,, which have 1ore- subjects, for questions involving specialized vided the bases of comic situations and in- reference books and directories, and for pic- cidents in thousands of cartoons. Its picture tures from its Audio-visual Department, file is also broken down into s~ecialI cate- ' which often supplement the studio collec- gories for animators, with headings such as tion. In addition, the college libraries of "magic forests," "witches," or "birds in University of Southern California and Uni- flight." versity of California at Los Angeles, the While public libraries and other special Huntington Library in San Marino, and the libraries may have languished during the Los Angeles County Museum are invaluable Depression years, the studio collections ex- local sources; the number of times that they panded and staffs grew, particularly at and the public library have eliminated the giant-sized Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer with its necessity of letters or cables or telephone emphasis on historical films ("Barretts of calls to New York, Washington, D. C., or Wimpole Street" and "A Tale of Two even London, is endless. Cities") and foreign backgrounds ("The Good Earth." "Marie Antoinette"). All of Emergence of Television these were made in the immediate vicinity of Culver City, California, so research During the chaotic postwar years in the played a vital. part in their undeniable movie industry, the studios retrenched to authenticity of locale and period. During meet the double challenge of television in the these years, the research departments came to home and runaway production at the office. be known within the industry for their spe- The latter has turned out to be the greater cialization, i.e., Twentieth Century-Fox for threat to studio operations, for television has World War I material, M-G-M for social virtually become the backbone and financial life and customs of England, and Paramount lifesaver of many a struggling movie lot. But for its DeMille period and western spectacles. television producers, even as film producers before them, have to be convinced of the Cooperation with Other Libraries worth of a studio research department. Tele- Cooperation between the studio research vision corporations have this low opinion departments has always been standard prac- of studio libraries mainly because of their tice and interlibrary loans almost a daily pro- reasoning that authenticity does not matter cedure. Not only is it time-saving, but it is too much, or, more importantly, does not less costly and eliminates unnecessary dupli- show up on a little screen in the living cation of research. For example, in prepara- room. Yet discrepancies have begun to be SPECIAL LIBRARIES pointed out in backgrounds that demand a certain amount of detail in a clinical or period setting. A glaring error can be just as destructive to a television mood as to a motion picture setting. There are intentional mistakes that are part of legal research as a defense against lawsuits, such as the fictitious telephone numbers (for which the Pacific Telephone Company maintains a special motion picture source in Los Angeles), and fictitious towns, streets, and street numbers. Complaining letters have even been received because a given New York East Side address turned out to be in the middle of the East River. or a phone number was that of the studio's New York offices. What then is the true role of the motion picture library in 1963? It would seem with an increasing world audience that never Picture and reference files at the Walt Disney before has correct and accurate research had Library with reference and study area at such an opportunity to be presented to so right. many viewers-that is, authentic reproduction of manners, customs, and actual en- may be made of his work, then he is the vironments of all periods. ideal worker for a motion picture depart- As for the department librarians them- ment."? selves, they have proven adaptable with the Possibly the truth lies somewhere in be- years to changes taking place in the studio tween. Although the efforts of research do about them; it speaks well for their breed go almost completely unsung, the depart- that over two-thirds of the present group ments paradoxically seem to be operating at have been with their respective studios since their efficient best when they are unnoticed the war years or before: While a calm dis- and it is expected of them. position and a sense of humor, as well as the Researchers have had their moments of essentials of library education and/or back- reflected glory though, not the least of ground, are considered almost requisites for which was in a New Yorker cartoon of the this type of librarianship, views as to its mid-forties by Peter Arno, which holds a psychic benefits have differed radically place of honor on many research depart- among department heads. ment walls. It shows a movie set in full On the brighter side was Frances Rich- swing, a full-bosomed starlet waving a ardson of Twentieth Century-Fox: "Not Union flag out her window at approaching only is the motion picture world itself Confederate troops. But in front of it all is glamorous, but a librarian's work in it is in a misplaced-looking bespectacled gentleman, some ways ideal. She is constantly delving the only one in sight with suit and tie, book into something new and engrossing, and open in his hands as he advises the harassed there is great satisfaction in seeing her work director who is yelling into a phone, "Look, come to life on the screen."G J. B.-it turns out this Frietchie dame was A somewhat gloomier appraisal came from 90 goddam years old!" Robert Bruce, one-time M-G-M research head: "If he can work hard and gladly on a CITATIONS project that may, more likely than not, die 1. SCHUMACH,Murray. Hollywood Cheer. New still-born, if he can do a fine piece of work York Sunday Times, Nov. 25, 1962, sec. 2, p. 9. 2. LEROY, Mervyn. It Takes More Than Talent. without worrying about the final use that New York: Knopf, 1953, p. 200-06. NOVEMBER 1963 3. WILKINS,Eleanore E. Motion Picture Research Library and the Motion Picture Studios. ALA Bul- Departments. Special Libraries, vol. 3 5, Feb. 1944, letin. vol. 19, 1925, p. 270-1. p. 46-51. 2. CARTER,Dr. Mary Duncan. Film Research Li- 4. ROSTEN, Leo C. Motion Picture Research Proj- braries. Library Journal, vol. 64, May 15, 1939, ect Report. Unpublished report data for Holly- p. 404-07. wood: The Movie Colony, The Movie Makers. 3. FITZPATRICK,Betty Lord. The Research Li- New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1941. (Hollywood, brary of Universal Pictures Corporation, Universal Calif., Motion Picture Research Project, 1940, p. City, Calif. Special Libraries, vol. 17, June 1926, 1, Table 2bc.) p. 245-6. 5. DEMILLE,Cecil B. Autobiography. Englewood 4. MARTIN,Dorothy E. The Library Helps the Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1959, p. 115-6. Movies. Los Angeles County Museum Quarterly, 6. RICHARDSON,Frances E. Previous to Previews. vol. 13, winter-spring 1957, p. 15-17, Wilson Library Bulletin, vol. 13, May 1939, p. 5. PERCEY,Helen Gladys. The Motion Picture 589-92. Library. Special Libraries, vol. 21, Sept. 1930, p. 7. BRUCE,Robert R. The Movies Use Research. 255-7. Special Libraries, vol. 30, November 1939, p. 294. 6. SCHARY,Dore. Case History of a Movie. New T'ork: Random House, 1950, p. 30-1, 58. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 7. SHIPP, Cameron. Meet Hollywood's Quiz- 1. CALDWELL,Gladys. The Los Angeles Public masters. Co~onet,vol. 21, Nov. 1946, p. 93-7.

29th FID Conference ITH EFFECTIVE delegations from Can- analysis of the U.D.C. The Training of Doc- Wada, India, Japan, Latin America, umentalists Committee, with leadership from South Africa, Taiwan, and the United States Poland, had representatives from most of the at the International Federation for Docu- countries. A world survey of training activi- mentation meeting in Stockholm, September ties and plans for its publication were de- 30-October 5, 1963, the association gives veloped and approved by the group. Coop- evidence of becoming a truly international eration is also underway between this instead of a European centered organization. committee and UNESCO in-the develo~ment The strong interest of the United States in of preliminary course outlines and study the Federation and its acceptance of a broad manuals for students and teachers. and continuing responsibility in cooperative The Committee on Mechanized Storage world-wide documentation programs, are and Retrieval attracted the largest group of shown in the leadership of Dr. Burton Ad- attendees. Its attention appears to be directed kinson as President and Dr. Karl Heumann toward world censuses of activities. as a Vice-president, as well as by the 15 The committees designed to up-date and participants from various United States li- improve the various segments of the U.D.C. brary documentation and scientific interests. were active during the week.

Noticeable in the deliberations was the ' During the past decade FID members demand from all parts of the world for a throughout the world have increasingly reorganization of the structure of FID so called for a stronger international documen- that it can provide more active leadership in tation group, and it is evident that FID can documentation. President Adkinson, for the be shaped to meet present-day needs. first time in the history of FID, called to- The World Congress to be sponsored by gether the chairmen of the various commit- the U. S. National Committee on FID, tees in an effort to stimulate cooperation scheduled for Washington in October 1965, among the committees and to provide guid- was discussed by the United States members ance in democratic and svstematized han- of the Congress Planning Committee. dling of the committee activities. The studv Committee on Classification Re- FOSTERE. MOHRHARDT,Director search considered two new classification National Agricultural Library schemes in addition to making a searching Washington, D. C. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Remarks and Observations on the ClOS Xlll International Management Congress CHARLOTTE GEORGI, Librarian Graduate School of Business Administration, University of California, Los Angeles

EINC AT THE International Management Bibliography No. 5, The Literature of Exeu- B Congress, which convened at the New rive Management, copies of which were York Hilton September 16-20, was a truly glven to full registrants of the Congress. exhilarating exierience. To quote the lead This work, compiled and published specifi- sentence of the September 30 Newsweek, cally for the Congress, was edited by Charlotte page 72, " 'It's like being in a library of Georyi, Librarian, Graduate School of Busi- world business.' said an executive from a ness Administration, University of Califor- small African nation, 'and you don't even nia, Los Angeles, with the assistance of have to do the reading.' " (For other reports Eleanor B. Allen, Librarian of the Lippin- of the Congress, see Time, September 27, cott Library, Wharton School of Finance and page 79, and Busiwss Week, September 21, Commerce, University of Pennsylvania; page 114, and September 28, page 102.) Loraa M. Daniells, Reference Department of However, for those of the 3,700 delegates the Baker Library, Harvard University Grad- who did want to read, and a great many uate School of Business Administration ; obviously did, SLA provided a Management Esther S. Kalis, Manager, Main Libr~ryof the Library of business books, magazines, and General Electric Company, Schenectady ; Au- newspapers, including those cited in the SLA dree Malkin, Acquisitions Librarian, UCLA

A view of a portion of the Management Library, which contained basic reference sources and current published materials of interest to executives. Standard Wood Products Corp. provided the shelving, magazine rack, file drawers, card catalog, desk, tables, and chairs, while Taylor-Carlisle Book Store and several publishers supplied the books and published services. NOVEMBER 1963 579 ican Iron and Steel Institute; Agnes Galbalz, American Iron and Steel Institute; Therese Gallaghel; National Association of Manu- facturers ; Virginia Hojt, Benton & Bowles ; James Humphrey ZII, Metropolitan Museum of Art; Elemor Irwitz, Union Club ; Agfzete Kathernzan, International Business Machines Corporation, Business Reference Library, CHQ; J~ld~thLdt~h, Socony Mobil Oil Com- pany, Engineering Library; Mary E. Long. Benton & Bowles; Charlotte Madison, Mrs. Elizabeth J. Gibson telephones a col- Compton Advertising; Mrs. Eileen Manion, league to obtain the answer to an inquiry Socony Mobil Oil Company, Inc.; Marioz from a Congr.ess delegate from Japan. Minard, Shell Oil Company; Marilyn Mod- em, American Association of Advertising Graduate School of Business Administration ; Agencies; Mu. Carol Nenzeyel; McGraw- Sarah R. Margolis, Foreign Languages Bibli- Hill Publishing Company, Inc. ; Jearl Peters, ographer, UCLA Graduate School of Business McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc. ; Administration ; Marioz M. Smith, Director, Catherine Rowlej, McGraw-Hill Publishing Jackson Library, Stanford University Gradu- Company, Inc.; Jane Srhujler; National As- ate School of Business; and Willzam R. sociation of Manufacturers; Louise Stoops, Woods, Serials Librarian, UCLA Graduate United States Steel Corporation; Barba~ School of Business Administration. Thompsotz, American Iron and Steel Insti- Mrs. Elizabeth J. Gibso~zof Merrill Lynch, tute; Florence Turnbull, Sperry Gyroscope Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Lee Traven of Socony Company, Division of Sperry Rand Corpora- Mobil Oil, Inc., Engineering Library, Mil- tion ; and Mrs. Elizabeth Usher; Metropoli- dred Breaztzell of Standard and Poor's Cor- tan Museum of Art. poration, Amze Mefzdel of Chase Manhattan CONNECTICUTVALLEY CHAPTER: Marimz Bank, and Virginia Smph of the American Lerhner, Connecticut General Life Insurance Petroleum Institute, did a fine job of setting Co. ; Mrs. Muvie Richardson, Combustion up this Library and arranging the staffing Engineering, Inc.; and Mrs. Mary Lee Tsuf- of it from 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. each busy /is, Hamilton Standard, Division of United Congress day. Members of the New York, Aircraft Corporation. New Jersey, and Connecticut Valley Chapters Patrons of the Library could order per- gave their time to this demanding yet tre- sonal copies of books shipped to their home mendously satisfying work. Thanks are here- addresses on postcard forms supplied by a with extended to the following SLA New York book dealer. It seemed to me that members for their generous contribution to international library goodwill! NEWJERSEY CHAPTER: Loretta Kiersky, Air Reduction Company; Robert Krupp, Bell Telephone Labs., Inc. NEW YORK CHAPTER:Ruth Abbadessa, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc. ; Muviel Barnes, Kenyon & Eckhardt, Inc.; Mrs. Joalz Camzing, Union Carbide, Business Library; George Coe, Socony Mobil Oil Company, Inc., Engineering Library; Rose- mary Demurest, Price Waterhouse & Co.; William Dowtzej, Socony Mobil Oil Com- pany, Inc.; Mrs. Edith Finch, American Gas The Friden Flexowriter can prepare controls Association; Mrs. Margaret H. Fuller, Amer- for a variety of technical literature. SPECIAL LIBRARIES the Tavlor-Carlisle's Book Store must have done a record business that week! Questions asked of the librarians by delegates were many and varied. The thirst for library knowledge was overwhelmingly evident. People from all over the world-Afri- cans, British, Japanese, Italians, Indians, Germans, ~rench,-etc.,etc., and et al.--came in to browse through the books, journals, and newspapers and to pick up reprints and other items, such as the annotated Bibliogra- phy on the Docmme?2t&on, Disseminatio7z Rrcordnk nttd Retrieval of I~formation,again prepared The demonstration of the MIRACODE re- especially for the Congress by Jeanette Sledge trieval system used at the Union Carbide of McKinsey & Company, Dorothea Rice of Nuclear Company in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. American Metal Climax, Robert Krupp of by Jeanette Sledge of McKinsey & Company. Bell Telephone Laboratories, and Deborah This included demonstrations, on a wide va- Neima?~of McKinsey & Company. This is a riety of information processing equipment, selection of recent articles and papers cover- of systems and techniques in use by some ing- both manual and mechanized systems. of the leading United States companies for Among the treasured memories of this re- the documentation, dissemination, and reporter is that of a Japanese gentleman who trieval of information. came into the Library. He asked many ques- These demonstrations included : tions, finally inquiring of our elegant fashion model Librarian Liz Gibson, "You are Amer- 1. The MIRACODE system in use at the ican housewife?" Liz, more self-possessed Union Carbide Nuclear Company in its Re- search Materials Information Center at Oak than this convulsed eavesdromer.LA , looked im- periously down her aristocratic nose and Ridge was demonstrated and explained by made this classic reply, "My dear Sir, I am the Recordak Corporation, assisted by a rep- not an American housewife. I am a librar- resentative of the Research Materials Infor- ian !" Needless to say, the completely charmed mation Center. Japanese visitor was a constant patron of the 2. IBM's document writer, the 870, demonstrated systems based on those of Monsanto Library for the rest of the Congress-espe-- cially when Liz was around. Chemical Company, IBM Data Systems Divi- Supplementing the Management Library sion, Kingston, and other companies, and il- and occupying the rest of the 4,100 square lustrated the use of an initial machineable record to provide the input for the prepara- feet allotted to SLA for the Managementu Information Center, was an exhibit arranged tion of the total accounting, cataloging, and indexing records. Representatives from IBM libraries assisted in answering questions about these systems. 3. A member of the Research & Develop- ment Division's Technical Information staff at American Machine and Foundry Com- pany in Springdale, Connecticut, demonstrated that company's use of the Jonker Business Machines Termatrex system for the storage and retrieval of technical information. 4. A system for the control and retrieval of The exhibit of Bell & Howell's Microphoto technical information carried in internal re- Division's microfiche applications. ports, memorandums, correspondence, and NOVEMBER 1963 The session on "Information Storage and Retrieval for Management" featured co-chairmen Richard B. Hodges, speaker Bart E. Holm, Chair- man, Katharine L. Kinder, and speaker J. F. Manning.

Chairman of SLA's International Management Congress Committee ed SLA contribution ing Company, Linden, New Jersey, was dem- to the Congress program was made by Kath- onstrated on Friden Flexowriter equipment. arine L. Kinder, former SLA President and 5. Applications of Xerography and micro- Chief Librarian, Johns-Manville Research film for information processing, dissemina- Center, who was one of only two women tion, and retrieval were demonstrated by the among the chairmen of the 52 symposia Xerox Corporation. scheduled. 6. Demonstrating the microfiche application Her gracious and intelligent conduct of used by the Thomas Register Company was the panel on "Information Storage and Re- Bell & Howell's Microphoto Division. trieval for Management" was a pleasure to 7. Widescan facsimile communications sys- witness. Bart E. Holm, Manager of Informa- tems in use by two companies were shown by tion Systems Consultation, Engineering Sew- Alden Electronics: the Philip Morris, Inc. ice Division, E. I. duPont de Nemours and system, which transmits both high priority Company, discussed "Techniques and Equip- management data and all other messages re- ment to Handle the Expanding Information quired for coordination, command, and con- Flow." J. F. Manning, Information Storage trol, and the General Dynamics Corporation's and Retrieval Manager, General Products Di- system, which transmits technical and engi- vision, IBM, spoke on "Relating Information neering data. The largest volume facsimile Research and Development to Your Com- networks in the world, which are operated pany's Needs." by the U.S. Weather Bureau, was described Complete sets of the Congress papers will and illustrated. be published in due course. For information, 8. The National Science Foundation pro- write to the Council for International Prog- vided a large display explaining mechanized ress in Management, 247 Park Avenue, New information systems, and on exhibit also York 17. were charts illustrating information retrieval All in all, it is the considered judgment of systems in use by other organizations. this highly prejudiced reporter that the Spe-

A delegate from Ghana learns about fascimile transmission of data at the Alden Electronic and Im- ~ulseRecording Equipment Co., Inc. demonstrations.

582 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Some of the more than 40 SLA members who helped make SLA's participation in the International Management Congress a success: (standing) Katharine L. Kinder, Jeanette Sledge, Robert W. Gibson, Jr., Virginia Smyth, Mary E. Long, Louise Stoops; (seated) Mrs. Elizabeth J. Gibson and Charlotte Georgi. cia1 Libraries Association may well be proud year and were responsible for specific areas of its contribution to this XI11 CIOS Inter- and activities were: Chadotte Georgi. Grad- national Management Congress, organized by uate School of Business Administration, Uni- the Council for International Progress, of versity of California, Los Angeles; Mrs. which SLA is a class A member. lanet Bo- Elizabeth /. Gib~on,Merrill Lynch, Pierce, gardus, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Fenner & Smith; Esther S. Kalis. General was chairman and coordinator of the total Electric Company; Katharine L. Kinder; SLA effort, and is to be commended for her Johns-Manville Research Center; Chester M. expected excellence in completing this de- Lewis, New York Times; Jeanette Sledge, manding assignment so efficiently, effectively, McKinsey & Company; Virginia M. Smyth, and competently. Members of her Committee American Petroleum Institute; and Lee W. who helped develop plans during the past Traven, Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc. Aslib Meeting in Scotland HE 37~~ANNUAL Conference of Aslib (European Organization for Nuclear Re- T was held in the "bracing" air of Scotland search) spoke on "The structure of National at St. Andrews University, September 24-26, Documentation and Library Services." He 1963. The meeting opened on Tuesday felt that every piece of paper should not be morning with a talk given by B. C. Brookes, accepted but that discrimination should be Senior Lecturer in Presentation of Technical used in what is entered into the information Information, University College, London, on system. "Communicating Research Results." He an- Later that afternoon an historical talk alyzed and discussed ways and means of about the town and University of St. An- communicating research, including the fal- drews was given by R. G. Cant, Reader in lacies of present day methods. Scottish History at the University. On Tues- Tuesday afternoon Dr. H. Coblans, Head day evening, Dr. Magnus Pyke, Manager, of the Scientific Information Service CERN The Distillers Company, Limited, Glenochil NOVEMBER 1963 583 Research Station, gave a satirical talk on accepted as the primary source of help and "Science, Non-Science and Printing." that it will be a long time before libraries are On Wednesday morning Jack Mills, Dep- used to the fullest. uty Director, Aslib Cranfield Research Proj- The conference closed with a talk by B. C. ect, discussed "Information Retrieval, a Re- Vickery, Deputy Director, National Lending volt against Conventional Systems?" His Library for Science and Technology, on "The feeling was that computers were still a long Present State of Research and Investigation way from being practical for use in libraries into Information Communication Problems." and that retrieval would depend for a long He indicated that the Lending Library time in the future upon manual search should be a fertile source for information methods. about users' habits. On Wednesday afternoon excursions were It was most gratifying to be able to meet taken to various points of interest in the with some of my 300 United Kingdom col- area, and in the evening a demonstration of leagues to discuss common problems and to Scottish folk dancing followed by general enjoy their hospitality. A five-times-a-day dancing was held. meal schedule and a room in the University Thursday morning's session was devoted residence hall increased the sense of partici- to a talk by C. W. Hanson, Head of the pation in a different type of conference than Aslib Research Department, on "Research on we are accustomed to in our SLA meetings. Users' Needs; Where Is It Getting Us?" He MARGARETA. FIRTH,Librarian reviewed a series of studies done on scien- United Shoe Machinery Corporation tists' reading habits and information retrieval Research Division Library methods. He felt that libraries are not usually Beverly, Massachusetts 29th Session of IFLA Council

OING "BEHIND the iron'curtain" for the that "all peoples are called upon to make G first time is an experience the wary their contributions to culture." He was fol- traveler still views with a bit of uneasy antici- lowed by the Deputy State Librarian, who pation. The reception at the Sofia Airport talked about the complete destruction of the dispelled that notion immediately. There, on National Library during the Second World a Sunday afternoon, September 1, Mr. V. War and its reconstruction thereafter. The Popov of the "Vassail Kolarov" National outgoing President of IFLA, Dr. G. Hof- ~ibrar~and his staff were waiting, with pri- mann of the Bavarian State Librarv at Mu- vate cars of their friends, to whisk us off to nich, reviewed the organizational set-up of our hotels. This reception, by the way, was IFLA in the past and the plans for its reor- typical of the hospitality extended to us dur- ganization. He stressed that "IFLA exists by ing our entire stay in Bulgaria; it was lavish personalities representing the various associ- as well as cordial, and much sincere interest ations rather than by those associations" and was shown by top government officials in the made it clear that odv consistent attendance proceedings of the IFLA meeting. of association representatives, gradually and The 29th Council Session of IFLA (my thoroughly familiarizing themselves with the third one)-attended by 32 delegates and work of IFLA, can be of value to the or- 126 observers-began on Monday morning, ganization- itself as well as to its members. September 2, with a welcoming speech by From the subsequent report of the Secretary, the President of the Sofia Committee for the importance of IFLA as the one interna- Culture and Arts, former Ambassador to the tional organization accenting the unity of the United States, Dr. Peter Voutov, who dis- profession became evident. (That, in my cussed the creation and history of Cyrillic opinion, is the essential difference between script in Bulgaria as exemplifying the fact FID and IFLA, and the one cogent reason SPECIAL LIBRARIES why we, as librarians-no matter how "spe- brary service. (I hardly dare report that one cial"-must adhere to, and be active in, heretic uttered the blasphemous opinion that IFLA.) FID should really be a section of IFLA.) During the afternoon I participated in a Several of those in attendance voiced the session of the Committee of Statistics, where need for a definition of the concept of "spe- the topic was the familiar one of the stand- cial library"-ill defined here, and but rarely ardization of library statistics; it is hoped used in Europe and Latin America. The stim- that this will be achieved shortly by IFLA, ulation of direct exchanges between libraries in cooperation with UNESCO. covering identical--or rather corresponding The following two days (September 3 and -fields of interest (e.g. Library of the U. S. 4) were given over entirely to meetings of Bureau of the Census and of the Polish the Sections and Committees. (Sections rep- Statistics Department Library) was another resent the types of libraries; Committees point participants wanted to see on the represent library functions.) The Periodicals agenda of next year's meeting. and Serials Committee concerned itself with Your representative was named Organiz- a projected bibliography of national bibli- ing Chairman of the Section, the creation of ographies of periodicals and serials and, par- which-as well as of a new Section of Inter- ticularly, with the highly elusive publications national Libraries-was approved by the Ex- of congresses; the creation of an information ecutive Board on the following day. In my center on congresses was demanded. A sug- task of organizing the Section, I shall be as- gestion to the effect that abstracts in English, sisted by Mrs. G. Dupret, Chief Curator, French, German, and Russian accompany all Museum of Natural History, Paris, and by articles written in anv of the less known Mrs. I. Morsztyukiewicz, Director, Statistics languages, met with general approval. Department Library, Warsaw. The Committee on the Exchange of Pub- On the last day of meetings, September 5, lications advocated the creation ;€ national the reports of the member organizations-in- exchange centers to facilitate international cluding SLA-were submitted to the Coun- exchanges and to achieve greater efficiency. cil. The meeting concluded with the intro- It deplored the present deficiencies in ex- duction into office of the new President change procedures, which "cause great tech- (elected for three years), Sir Frank Francis, nical, economic, and political losses." Director and Principal Librarian of the Brit- The Committee on Professional Education, ish Museum. Friday, September 6, was re- which had been gathering data during the served for visits to the numerous libraries in preceding year, decided to continue that ac- Sofia and to excursions. tivity; in 1964, the entire material collected It was of particular interest that the is to be submitted to a group of experts for United States and the Russian delegations comparative evaluation and an exchange of had an opportunity to meet and talk, even views. This should prove to be most interest- though the Russians were hampered by the ing. absence of their leader, due to a severe ill- On September 4, an afternoon meeting ness. Jack Dalton, Dean of Columbia School was arranged (with 24 hours' notice!) in of Library Service, was the speaker for the which a decision was to be made regarding American group. the formation of a new Section of Special An agreement was reached to the effect Libraries. Ten persons attended the meeting that, immediately before the IFLA Confer- (held in French), and there was unanimity ence of 1964, informative discussions (to be regarding the need for the creation of such a prepared by the exchange of advance papers section-now. It was stated-not by one, but and reports) were to take place at Rome by several of those in attendance-that FID's between Russians and Americans on the fol- stress on the technical aspects of library work lowing topics: I) effectiveness of machine made it particularly desirable to have a methods in library work; 2) services of pub- strong and active group interested in profes- lic libraries and stimulation of reader inter- sionalism and the philosophy of special li- est; and 3) education for librarianship. NOVEMBER 1963 A short comment might not be amiss as started with Aslib to obtain its support and to the significance of the creation of the new active participation. In Germany an inter- Section of Special Libraries in IFLA. It ested group is working on the founding of means the first true international recognition an organization in our field of work, but, in of special libraries as a library type with its many other countries, the very concept of own aims, requirements, and policies. It "special library" is not commonly used or is means that the special library movement has, altogether unknown. consequently, much ed- at last, gained a foothold in the international ucational work remains to be done. It is in- field. It cannot afford to abandon this foot- dispensable that the Association throw its hold but must strengthen it in every possible entire weight and support behind the new way. The most important foreign organiza- Section. tion in our field, Aslib, is not a member of DR. KARLA. BAER the Section at this time. Talks should be SLA Representative to IFLA NATO Advanced Study Institute on Automatic Document Analysis HE BUILDINGS of the Fondazione Giorgio ically. Using logical and/or linguistic analy- T Cini on the island of San Giorgio Mag- sis, these investigators seek to achieve me- giore, Venice, provided an exotic setting for chanically a structured representation of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Au- textual content. Advocates of the second ap- tomatic Document Analysis, July 7-20, 1963. proach to automatic document analysis, on Approximately 80 participants from 11 the other hand, maintain that an index com- countries attended the sessions, which con- pression of a document collection does not sisted of both formal lectures and seminars. require syntax (structure). These workers "Automatic document analysis," as it ap- are not interested in simulating human proc- plies to information storage and retrieval sys- esses but only in the attainment of a satis- tems, involves the programming of a ma- factory end-product. Their methods are chine to work on natural language text for mainly statistical, based on occurrences and the purpose of extracting or assigning index co-occurrences of keywords or descriptors. terms or for the extraction of sentences to Gardin's awn significant contribution to form an abstract. The scope of the Institute this field, SYNTOL,was described in a sem- was rather wider than this, however, since inar by M. Coyaud. SYNTOL is a set of it included discussion on automatic retrieval logicolinguistic rules for expressing and re- programs on text processed manually and trieving subject matter. Work is at present also some discussion on methods of manual in progress on the derivation of algorithms document analysis. for the automatic translation of text into Calvin Mooers delivered a series of lec- SYNTOL.The lectures of Lydia Hirschberg tures on conventional methods of document (Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles) and A. Le- analysis, claiming that the best human meth- roy (EURATOM)were concerned with lin- ods should be used as a model in the devel- guistic transformations and were also, there- opment of automatic analysis. fore, contributions to the "structured" The lecture co-ordinator, Professor J. C. approach to document analysis. R. F. Barnes Gardin, in presenting an over-all picture of described the work of Itek Corporation in the state of the art of automatic document the development of a formal language for analysis, distinguished two schools of representing the factual content of publica- thought on the subject. The proponents of tions, based on graph theory and functional one school are concerned with a study of logic. By this technique, natural language human processes involved in indexing and data may be represented as graph-like struc- attempt to simulate these processes mechan- tures capable of machine manipulation. 586 SPECIAL LIBRARIES The statistical approach to document anal- of an experiment known as SADSACT (Self ysis was covered in the lectures of Don Assigned Descriptors from Self and Cited Swanson (University of Chicago) and Roger Titles), which involved machine assignment Needham (Cambridge Language Research of descriptors on the basis of words occur- Unit), and examples of this approach were ring in the titles of documents and in the przsented in seminars by Vincent Giuliano titles cited by these documents. In the in- (Arthur D. Little Inc.), Gerard Salton vestigations described by Salton, a compar- (Harvard University), and Mary Stevens ison was made between document similarity (National Bureau of Standards). Swanson coefficients established on the basis of index summarized his own experiments, at Thomp- term similarity and citation similarity. son Ramo Wooldridge, on machine extrac- The Institute was most valuable in bring- tion and assignment of index tags, and Giuli- ing together, for cross-fertilization, the ex- ;mo outlined his investigations on associative periences of a heterogeneous collection of information retrieval. individuals: research workers in documenta- Needham dealt with the automatic classifi- tion, linguistics, mechanical translation, and cation of both documents and index terms. dpplied mathematics; computer analysts; sys- One process is the converse of the other: tems designers; and even a handful of li- the first groups or classifies documents ac- brarians! The formal sessions were somewhat cording to the terms they contain, i.e., on disappointing in that they disclosed little that the basis of index term similarity; the second was really new to anyone who had kept up groups terms into classes or clumps according with published and semi-published literature to the documents that contained them. He in the field. They served, however, the useful described methods used at CLRU for the purpose of providing a fairly comprehensive isolation of clumps by means of the vector survey of what has so far been achieved in analysis of a term resemblance matrix re- the field of automatic document analysis. flecting the co-occurrence of the terms in a document collection. F. W. LANCASTER, Cranfield Project Mary Stevens gave very preliminary results Aslib, London Research: A Goal, A Committee, A Conference Goal Recently the Association has, through its One of the goals of Special Libraries As- own efforts and in cooperation with other sociation is that by 1970 an actual research groups, studied personnel practices in special program must have been set in motion. The libraries, translation activities in nongovern- Association's Board of Directors, in approv- mental institutions, standards for special li- ing the goals in February 1963, acknowl- braries, statistical definitions, performance edged several important areas of needed re- standards for library binding, and other per- search, and among them is the evaluation of tinent matters. No coordinated research pro- possible choices in techniques of organizing gram, though, is in existence. and disseminating information. Additionally, needs of the individual research worker and Committee the manner in which he can use information During the summer President Mrs. Mil- most effectively was pinpointed for study. dred H. Brode appointed a Committee to When studying and formulating goals for consider and recommend what first steps the recommendation, the Goals Commmittee, un- Association should take to implement the der the Chairmanship of Winifred Sewell, Goals statement. The first meeting of this placed responsibility for initiating such pro- Committee was held on September 13 in grams largely with Divisions, Sections, and Cleveland. The Chairman is Dr. Paul Was- Committees and assigned to Chapters re- serman, Librarian and Professor, Graduate search and experimentation in various coop- School of Business and Public Administra- erative efforts. tion, Co~rnellUniversity, and currently at the NOVEMBER 1963 Western Reserve University School of Li- tion's Cooperative Research Branch, a sup- brary Science; other members are: Mrs. Mar- porting agency. On the other hand, no one jorie R. Hyslop, Technical and Operations could follow the session on experimental de- Manager, American Society for Metals Doc- sign in research. umentation Service; Dr. Anthony T. Kruzas, Two papers reported on the methods and Assistant Professor of Library Science, Uni- conclusions of library research. They were versity of Michigan; Rose L. Vormelker, re- delivered by Dr. Mary Gaver, Rutgers, on tired Library Director, Forest City Publishing effectiveness of school libraries, and Dr. Pa- Company, and currently Lecturer at Kent tricia Knapp, Wayne State, on the Monteith State University, Department of Library Sci- Pilot Project. ence; and Bill M. Woods, Executive Di- The Conference's purpose, to provide the rector, Special Libraries Association. The background for discussion of research meth- Committee will report at the February 1964 odology as it applies to problems in the Mid-Winter Meeting of the Board of Di- library field, probably was not fully achieved. rectors. Perhaps it was due to the heterogeneity of the registrants and their interests (24 library Conference educators, 12 university and six college li- Preceding the recent Committee meeting brarians, nine public and five state librarians, the Executive Director represented the As- eight from the federal government and li- sociation at a Conference on Research Meth- brary associations, and three special librarians ods in Librarianship, sponsored by the Li- [three more might have been so classified]). brary Research Center of the University of There seemed to be confusion as to the scope Illinois Graduate School of Library Science. and level of some papers. The lack of suffi- The Conference was held September 8-11 in cient time for discussion was all too apparent the quiet, rural setting of Allerton House -there was a schedule to keep and coffee to near Monticello, Illinois. drink. The opening session discussed published The University proposes to correct defi- (and unpublished) resources for research ; the ciencies in subsequent conferences, which I final session completed the cycle and con- hope they will plan. sidered the publication of the results of re- BILL M. WOODS,Executive Director search. In between, the topics were varied. Special Libraries Association Too frequently the papers on methodology, for instance historical and bibliographical, were personal and rambling, while the one on statistics was a status summary. Colum- Military Librarians' Workshop bia's Dr. Maurice Tauber's paper on library "Procurement and Retrieval-Meeting the surveys evoked from the participants the Challenge" was the theme of the Seventh question, "Are surveys respectable research?" Military Librarians' Workshop held at the and the larger question, "What is library U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, research?" Here, unfortunately, as on other Silver Spring, Maryland, October 2-4. Gov- occasions, there was too little time for the ernment mechanized information retrieval kind of discussion this registrant enjoys be- systems were discussed by Peppino Vlannes, cause we recessed for coffee! Deputy Chief, Scientific and Technical In- All together there was little guidance from formation Division, Army Research Office, the speaker on the use of computers and Office of Chief of Research and Develop- punched cards (computers don't cost any- ment. Walter M. Carlson, Director of Tech- thing to use, that is, if you have access to a nical Information, Department of Defense, subsidized university operation, but everyone who was banquet speaker, challenged the knew better). Later all benefited from the 140 registrants to plan for the future. The straightforward paper on weaknesses in re- Eighth Workshop is planned for the fall of search proposals based on the experiences of 1964 at the U.S. Air Force Weapons Labora- Gerald Smith of the U. S. Office of Educa- tory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Planning the New Library: The Research Library, Sprague Electric Company BETTE GARGAL, Librarian, Research Center, Sprague Electric Company North Adams, Massachusetts

HE GROWTH of the Sprague Research Li- Our problems in developing the library T brary reflects the typical rise of any small were really minimal because if one is given a technical librarv in an electronics firm whose new building and its accompanying luxuries research efforts have mushroomed severalfold -air-conditioning, acoustical ceiling tile, re- in the last decade. From an area of 800 cessed fluorescent lights, new furniture and, square feet, furniture consisting of a great, most important, enough room for expansion oaken, baronial dining table seating, uncom- in future years-me's difficulties are indeed fortably, eight readers, makeshift shelving less complex than those encountered in at- from laboratory cabinets, and a collection of tempting to redo existing facilities. 2,000 volumes of hand-me-down texts, dic- We were given a most desirable location tionaries, handbooks, and other reference in the Center, which was designed by An- material, we have graduated into 3,200 derson, Nichols, in Boston, Massachusetts- square feet of elaborate quarters in the com- one-half of the administrative wing, a one- pany's new Research Center with facilities story structure lying perpendicular to the lab- including- 8,000 volumes, 200 periodicals, oratories proper. Our east and west walls are and seating arrangements for 30 readers to mostly windows, thus giving a sunny and serve a technical staff of nearly 400. bright library both morning and afternoon, The Sprague Electric Company, manufac- yet there is enough of an overhang on the turer of electronic components (capacitors, building to eliminate any real glare. In addi- resistors, transistors, printed circuits, subas- tion, we purchased, as light screens, thin, semblies and microminiature units) added a beige, saran draperies, which blend well with Research Center to its 26 manufacturing fa- the birch-panelled north walls, the sand brick cilities to enlarge its research into new prod- wall on the south side, and the terracotta uct areas as well as to continue its develop- Armstrong tile. (Incidentally, we applauded mental work on materials for its established our architect and his choice of vinyl tile in lines. Although theoretically available to any preference to a cork-base floor. Our experi- of the 8,000 employees, the research library ence has been that, while browsing in a serves primarily the laboratories in the Cen- store, our heels had sunk, in the course of ter and the engineering laboratories, which a quarter of an hour, well into its cork floor. are located in close proximity to the new We hoped that the two, small, neat holes we building. had left behind had gone unobserved.)

Current periodical shelves and new book display are in a cheerful, airy corner.

NOVEMBER 1963 MICROFILM READER w ABSTRACTS

I STACKS STACKS

STACKS

Floor plan of the Research Library of Sprague Electric Co. Scale is one inch equals five feet. 590 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Partial view of southern section of the library. Vinyl floor, black lounge chairs, wood end-paneled stacks, air conditioning, soft indirect lighting, and the placement of stacks, tables, and card catalog contribute to the comfort and convenience of the user. With such Yery neutral colors on walls shelving against the brick wall for bound and floor, any color arrangement would be periodicals, and then lining the remainder possible. We selected a fruitwood that was of the wall with flush shelving for abstracts. somewhat darker than the birch walls for A microfilm reader separates these sections. the tables and carrels. (All our furniture is Steel study carrels (blue with black Formica Remington-Rand Designer Line.) To allevi- tops) were built into the abstract shelving ate the monochromatic beige-brown decor, for the convenience of the literature search- we chose bold tangerine chairs throughout, ers. Facing this arrangement and standing except for black lounge chairs. We had con- perpendicular to the east windows is double- sidered the possibility of having multi-col- faced shelving, which houses the textbook ored chairs, but, as one of our vice-presidents collection. Our periodical cases-tilted wisely pointed out, the effect would have shelves with storage space beneath-run been too "tutti-frutti." The small bit of wall along the wall closest to the entrance and beneath the windows had been painted blue; continue along the shelving facing the west to carry this color along, we ordered blue windows. The logical choice for the fruit- steel shelving (again Remington-Rand) and, wood carrels seemed to be along the west to add to the feeling of warmth created by wall, which is farthest from the noisy traffic the birch walls, the ends were panelled in of the entrance. We selected a low type of f ruitwood. carrel so that the tops would not be higher In planning the layout, we attempted to than the window ledges. achieve two things: we wanted to offer max- Tables and chairs (only two chairs to imum privacy to readers, and we wanted to each table per popular request) are placed avoid, as much as possible, the effect of rows so that each type of reading facility has of wooden soldiers. Too often the one-room adequate seating arrangements: lounge chairs library aligns all stacks against one wall and near the periodical cases and new book dis- all tables and chairs near the other. Accord- play; rectangular tables close to the bound ingly, with the help of our Remington-Rand periodicals and reference works; and a specialist and our management consultants, couple of chairs tucked in corners for the we created alcoves by abutting double-faced convenience of those people who are found NOVEMBER 1963 leaning against a stack for a half hour or more. All furniture is free-standing- for maximum flexibility in future rearrangements. One of the questions most frequently asked following our move was, "When did you get all these books ?" In our old cramped quarters with volumes spilling over every shelf-some even stacked high on tables- the usefulness of our collection was not evident. We had well over 2,000 books in circulation and bore no grudge when certain laboratories lifted whole sections for use on individual desks. Indeed, it was very obvious from the beginning that the area originally Carrels are conveniently built into shelves holding abstracts. The shelving is blue with allotted would never give us enough room; black Formica tops for the carrels. hence. when a full-cellar excavation was con- templated beneath the library, we requested odical cases. This, our future expansion area, and were granted this space. houses material of an ephemeral nature-un- The library area in the basement has now bound periodicals, old editions, and less fre- been called many things-the wine cellar, quently used reference sets-as well as verti- the lower depths-all because of a rather cal file drawers. It provides, too, a very steep flight of stairs descending to this loca- private study room for the researcher who tion. We had hoped to have some interesting may want to spread papers out for a few spiral construction connecting these two lev- days, rehearse a speech, or simply to mumble els but were informed that such an arrange- aloud. A movable wall has been erected ment might be against state law. Actually, temporarily across one-half this space so that this lower level, albeit windowless, with its the area will not look quite like a dance floor. lemon-yellow walls, white ceiling, greyish- The furniture is that from the old library: white tile, and abundance of fluorescent light birch chairs, tables and card catalog, lighting, is even brighter than the study areas and grey shelving and file cabinets. upstairs. We also stacked periodical boxes Contrary to the good advice of friends, we sideways so that the covers of the unbound called back dl books prior to the move. Al- periodicals would provide decorative splashes though this endeavor was time-consuming, of color against the darkish oak of the peri- it helped considerably in planning, enabled

Fruitwood carrels are

placed farthest from area

of most trafic. Current

periodicals are at left.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES us to weed more judiciously, and permitted establishment of branch libraries in outlying us to do considerable face-lifting on the plants has stepped up our own work load. shabbier volumes. In weeding, we packed off Me now staff the charging desk during lunch many old editions and duplicates to sub- hour and remain open one extra hour in the sidiary libraries, which we had set up in afternoon for the convenience of employees branch plants. Library service was not cur- in other locations. We also handle book and tailed, although we did stop circulation of subscription orders for the entire company books during the last week. A few days be- and maintain records of the collections in fore the move, the new shelving was erected, other departments. To accommodate all re- books were measured, and shelves adjusted quests, having had no increase in staff as yet, for oversized volumes and numbered appro- we eliminated the photostat machine from priately. On a Saturday morning the mainte- the library when it appeared that too great nance department wheeled in some ingen- a percentage of time was spent simply in ious, custom-built vehicles, which were capa- making copies. Instead, photostat requests ble of transferring several cases of books at are sent to a central duplicating department, one time. The move was effected in one day which gives us excellent service and better without incident-except for a few books copies. placed upside down, a few series running In the best of situations there are always from left to right, and, because of a small complaints, and ours is that we do not have miscalculation on our part and someone's convenient workroom facilities. Although a herculean effort, one set of volumes rammed workroom had been included in the original so tightly into the shelf that the color rubbed plans, we were obliged to relinquish this off the tops of the bindings. space because of organizational changes. The immediate effect of our comfortable Hopefully, this is but a temporary arrange- quarters has been, of course, a large increase ment, and we can look forward to an addi- in activities. Library attendance has multi- tional room and staff in the future. plied; reference work has doubled ; even the All photographs courtesy of Sprague Electric Comeany.

VITAL STATISTICS FOR THE RESEARCH LIBRARY, SPRAGUE ELECTRIC COMPANY Total square foot area 3,200 (800 not currently in use) Staff Professional 1 Nonprofessional 1 Employees served at location 3,500 Services extend,ed to other areas All branch plants Average number of users per day (including telephone) 80 Volumes (books and bound periodicals as of August 29, 1963) 8,000 Current periodical subscriptions 200 Vertical file draw.ers 60 Date of completion October 1 1, 1962 Planned by librarians, management consultants, and Remington-Rand specialist Special facilities or equipment: microfilm reader

Microfilming of Samoan Documents A student, W. Stewart Dawson, and a porta- Sinclair Library at the University of Hawaii. ble microfilm camera will reproduce the Government archives in American Samoa archival documents in American and West- will be available to scholars for the first ern Samoa and add them to the Hawaiian time. In Western Samoa Mr. Dawson will and Pacific collections of the Gregg M. film newspapers and other documents. NOVEMBER 1963 593 World's Fair American Reference Center dustry and SLA's New York Chapter have Special Libraries Association and the Ameri- already pledged $13,850. Companies may can Documentation Institute are cooperating also support the Reference Center by paying with the American Library Association in the living and training expenses of their own planning an American Reference Center for librarians who qualify as staff members. the U. S. Pavilion at the 1964-65 New York The Director of the American Reference World's Fair. The Reference Center will dem- Center is Gordon P. Martin, former Assist- onstrate to the public an actual functioning ant Librarian for the University of California library staffed with professional librarians at Riverside. Harold Tucker, Chief Librarian who will deal with references and informa- of the Queens Borough Public Library, is tion concerning the theme of the U. S. Pa- Chairman of the Advisory Committee, which vilion, "Challenge to Greatness : America- is directing the planning of the World's Fair Its Land, History, People, and Horizons." participation for the three groups. Represent- The Center will be on the first level of the ing SLA on the Committee is Elizabeth Fer- two-level Pavilion along with an auditorium, guson, Librarian, Institute of Life Insurance. museum, and offices. Although half of the Committee members include two other SLA Center's space will be devoted to children's members-Sylvia Mechanic, Business Librar- library services, automated information stor- ian, Brooklyn Public Library, and Ralph R. age and retrieval equipment will be installed Shaw, Rutgers University Graduate School of in addition to conventional published books, Library Service-as well as John Fall, New journals, bibliographies, and other reference York Public Library; Frances Henne, Colum- materials. Use will be made of a UNIVAC bia University School of Library Service; for retrieval of reading lists on approxi- Paul C. Janaske, Executive Director, Ameri- mately 100 subjects, an Eastman Kodak can Documentation Institute; Warren B. Lodestar Reader-Printer, and an American Kuhn, Princeton University Library; S. Gil- Telephone and Telegraph Company tele- bert Prentiss, New York State Library; and phone arrangement whereby book reviews Spencer G. Shaw, Nassau Library System. prerecorded on tape can be dialed. ALA's President and President-elect are ex Approximately 300 librarians from officio members. Librarians who are inter- throughout the United States will be re- ested in being on the American Reference cruited to staff the Reference Center for one- Center staff for the 1964 period may request month periods during the two six-month application forms from Mr. Martin at periods in 1964 and 1965 when the Fair UNIVAC Division, Sperry Rand Corpora- will be open. They will attend a preparatory tion, 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New two-week training seminar in advanced li- York City 19. Application deadline is De- brary techniques that will include informa- cember 31, 1963. tion storage and retrieval. The deans of the Columbia University School of Library Service, Project for Special Collections Rutgers Graduate School of Library Service, A research project to test and demonstrate and Pratt Institute Library School are advisers the optic-coincidence system of information for the seminar curriculum, and International storage and retrieval for museum and his- Business Machines Corporation will provide torical collections is being conducted by classroom space in its New York offices. It is Drexel Institute of Technology's Graduate estimated that a $1,000 scholarship will pay School of Library Science and the Henry for the travel, training, and living expenses Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum. The of a single participating librarian, and schol- project is being financed by a grant from arship contributions are being solicited. SLA the Copeland-Audelot Foundation and di- will provide a $1,000 scholarship, and in- rected by Mrs. Elizabeth A. Ingerman, Li- 5 94 SPECIAL LIBRARIES brarian of the Joseph Downs Manuscript EUNICEV. SALISBURY,Librarian at the U.S. Library at the Winterthur Museum, where Army Cold Regions Research and Engineer- she developed and used an optical-coinci- ing Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, dence system. Ten institutions will be used in received a Department of the Army citation the study, and the results will be made avail- for "sustained superior performance." able to approximately 1,300 historical mu- JOANTITLEY, Librarian, University of Louis- seums, societies, and libraries. ville Medical School, won the 1963 Medical Library Association's Murray Gottlieb Prize Members in the News for her essay, "The Library of the Louisville JAMEST. BABB,Librarian at Yale Univer- Medical Institute, 1837-47." sity, was Chairman of the committee that Tri-State Library Conference Held recently selected books for inclusion in the Nearly 1,000 people attended the Tri-State White House collection. Regional Library Conference, October 2-4, ROBERTS. BRAY, Chief, Division for the in the Hotel Pick-Nicollet at Minneapolis. Blind, Library of Congress, was awarded the The joint conference was sponsored by the American Foundation for the Blind's Migel state and special library associations of Iowa, Medal, the highest award for work with the Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Interlibrary loan blind. principles, practices and problems was the C. SAM IDEN, former Research Report Li- topic of a panel at which George A. Schweg- brarian, General Motors Research Library, mann, Jr., Chief of the Union Catalog Divi- Warren, Michigan, has accepted a position sion of the Library of Congress, stated that as Librarian for GMC's Delco Radio Division the library resources of the United States in Kokomo, Indiana. must be made available to those who need it for research. As always, money seems to be ROBERTG. KRUPP,formerly Librarian with the main factor in expanding the interlibrary Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, loan service. Schwegmann said steps are be- New Jersey, has become Technical Processes ing taken toward development of regional Librarian at the company's New York offices. and state-wide union catalogs throughout the DON T. Ho, former Librarian, Central Re- country. And through this cooperation be- search Department, Minnesota Mining and tween libraries, their resources can be more Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, has suc- widely used by those needing more extensive ceeded Mr. Krupp in Holmdel. research materials. On the panel with LOUISELEFEBVRE, Librarian, Pulp and Paper Schwegmann were William S. Budington, Research Institute of Canada, and MRS.AL- President-Elect of SLA and Associate Librar- ICE WANDASHOENFELD, Cataloger, Impe- ian, John Crerar Library, and Thomas E. rial Tobacco Company of Canada, were Ratcliffe, Reference Librarian, University of elected President and English Secretary, re- Illinois. Lawrence Medley, Librarian, A. 0. spectively, of the Quebec Library Associa- Smith Corp., Milwaukee, and President of tion. the Wisconsin chapter of SLA, presided. CHARLOTTEMADISON, Librarian, Compton In Memoriam Advertising Agency in New York City, has JACK K. BURNESS,Chief Librarian at the recently become Librarian at General Dy- Washington Post, Washington, D. C., since namics/Electronics in Rochester, New York. 1936, died September 27. Mr. Burness was She succeeds MRS. IVAH Y. DEANE,who Chairman of the Newspaper Division in has retired. 1961-62. MRS. JEANNEB. NORTH, formerly in the M. VIOLABRINER, Librarian, Garden Center Technical Information Center, Lockheed Mis- of Greater Cleveland, died August 4. She siles and Space Company, has become Engi- was with the Center for 17 years and helped neering Librarian at Stanford University, build one of the most comprehensive garden- Stanford, California. ing libraries in the United States. NOVEMBER 1963 Book Reviews "awesome world of the public library" to the spirited general question and answer period, this LIBRARYFURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT:PROCEED- INGS OF A THREE-DAYINSTITUTE SPONSORED BY work proves that the subject can be handled in THE LIBRARYADMINISTRATION DIVISION. Chicago: other than a ponderous way. Of particular interest American Library Association, July 1963. 80 p. to this reviewer, as SLA's Representative to the Pap. $1.75 (L.C. 63-18322) American Standards Association's 2-85 Committee, was the section on specification writing. This field What piece of library furniture, nicknamed the has only been tapped lightly by librarians, but, as "infernal triangle'' and displayed as an exhibit we grow in sophistication, specifications and stand- gimmick, became one manufacturer's regular stock ards will be the media by which we will make our item? Which device would you use to monitor needs known to suppliers. necking and petting in book stacks? What are the To any library planner I would recommend seven important considerations in the reproduc- this book as "must" collateral reading. tion of catalog cards or the seven basic points in planning for new furniture? These questions and WILLIAMHENRY SIMON, Manager many more are answered in ALA's new publica- Technical and Administrative Services tion, Librmy Furniture and Equipment. Nuclear Division, Combustion Don't be deceived by this volume's low price, Engineering, Inc., Windsor, Connecticut short length, and lack of illustrations. While it is not a comprehensive manual on the subject, it is INFORMATIONSTORAGE AND RETRIEVAL:TOOLS, an invaluable compendium of advice, insights, and ELEMENTS,THEORIES. Ju.reph Becker and Robevt sound factual information. Any veteran library M. Ha1e.r. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1963. planner will tell you that the most profitable tool 448 p. 511.95. he used was the council of experienced predeces- sors. The words of wisdom alone in this book We, as special librarians, may take pride not will make its purchase at $1.75 seem like a steal. only in the long traditions of librarianship but in Library Furniture and Equipment is a collection the forward-looking attitudes and progress of our of papers, panel discussion records, and transcrip- profession in recent years. In particular we can tions of question and answer periods from the 1962 boast of being among the first to adapt man's new Equipment Institute held at the University of est servants, data processing and digital computers, Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, June 14-16, The to the execution of routines developed in the Institute was sponsored by ALA's Library Admin- course of centuries of experience. I need only cite istration Division and Library Technology Project. the work being reviewed to indicate the achieve- Approximately 275 persons attended the Institute ments of less than a decade of voluntary and fruit- and were treated to manufacturers' displays of ful collaboration between the librarian and the furniture and equipment grouped together by type. "hardware" man. It could be suggested to the editors, who have al- Becker, a librarian, and Hayes, a mathematician ready created a fine volume, that the addition of (Hayes is currently President of ADI), have given listings and/or photographs of the displays would us the best survey of information system tech- enhance its value and be well worth any additional nology, including its system design, subject analy- cost to the reader. sis, equipment, and current theoretical background. The areas covered by this book are: library that this reviewer has seen. It is a quite compre- furniture selection; book stack selection; specifi- hensive and generally adequate presentation of a cation writing and bidding procedures for furniture field still marked by considerable internal confu- and shelving; equipment and methods in catalog sion. This confusion results from the fact that card reproduction; photocopying (especially from there is, as yet, no body of knowledge common to bound volumes) and the production of full-size the practitioners of this black art. Parameters for copy from microtext; and a general catchall on the roles of the hardware and library "types" and library furniture and equipment. The main con- their interactions have not yet been established. In tributors are such well-known people as library fact, Becker and Hayes themselves fall into the consultants Martin Van Buren and Edna Volgt, trap of trying to define that elusive hybrid, the furniture designer Edward Stromberg, document documentalist. Their identification of him as reproduction consultant William R Hawken, and system designer is trivial in the light of his shift- consultant Keyes Metcalf. The editors, Edward ing roles. It is precisely this lack of a clearly de- Johnson, Frazer G. Poole, and Alphonse Trezza, fined audience with a common educational and are to be congratulated for turning the Institute's experiential background that must pose one of the Proceedings into a well-ordered volume. most difficult problems faced by the authors of Library Furniture and Equipment is far from texts in relatively new interdisciplinary fields. (It being drab reading. From Van Buren's delightful should, of course, be borne in mind that all inter- verbal painting of childhood memories ~n the disciplinary fields are new; as soon as they have SPECIAL LIBRARIES been around awhile each becomes a discipline in braries. There are nine interesting appendices, a its own right.) useful glossary, and nine pages of references ar- The problem, stated in its most simple form, ranged and listed for use with Parts 1 and 2. The is that of combining material from several disci- volume is adequately indexed and contains good plines in a single work directed at those knowl- illustrations. edgeable in the several disciplines without offend- This investigation was financed by a $50,000 ing either the intelligence or sensibilities of any grant from the Council on Library Resources. segment of the intended readership. The channel Incidentally, there have been 26 major library between the Scylla of oversimplification and the fires since the study was conceived in 1959, sev- Charybdis of incomprehensibility is indeed difficult eral of which exceeded by many times the amount to navigate. This is compounded in this case by spent on this project. the widespread illiteracy of librarians in the lan- Every special librarian should avail himself of guage of mathematics. (The last third of the book the opportunity to read and study the book or, for is devoted to the development of mathematical that matter, any librarian who is responsible for models for various aspects of information storage directing a school, public, or college library. Man- and retrieval.) agement needs to have a look at the bonk, too. It Greatly to their credit, Becker and Hayes have will undoubtedly arouse one from any false sense been able to present the fundamentals of li- of security he may have. In systematic style the brarianship and of data processing machines in a compilers have presented facts ranging from meaningful manner with due respect for the con- "chamber of horrors" material to discussion of tributions each must make to the success of an dry insurance statistics. The two well-known fire information storage and retrieval program. tests conducted at Norwood, Massachusetts, by the This book is highly recommended with one final Factory Mutual Insurance Companies and at cutmeat-it is an introductory textbook. As the first Ithaca, New York, by Cornell University are in a series, many of the topics touched upon will clearly discussed. These tests and their results give be more fully treated in subsequent volumes. It food for much thought and possible future tests. should not, in fact must not, be used as a do-it- Many librarians will be greatly shocked to dis- yourself manual for an information system. To cover fire hazards in their buildings, and in places many aspects of the total problem, no pat answers they least suspected. The writers point out nu- are possible, and the authors have wisely re- merous hazards that may not be known to the frained from attempting any. But as a survey of average person; for instance, a wiring system has the state-of-the-art, this book is must reading for a safety life of not more than 20 years; a group every progressive librarian. of poorly shelved loose serials and periodicals to ABRAHAMI. LEBOWITZ,Physical Science Specialist a fire inspector (and to a fire!) is just so much National Referral Center for loose waste paper that might be the initial point of Science and Technology a conflagration. Of particular interest to special Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. libraries is the problem of joint occupancy. Fires have a habit of destroying a library readily when they start in a business or other concern that oc- PROTECTINGTHE LIBRARYAND ITS RESOURCES: A cupies the same building as the library. There are GUIDETO PHYSICALPROTECTION AND INSURANCE degrees of risk in this respect which might seem (Library Technology Publication No. 7). Report humorous although based on sound reasoning. For on a study conducted by Gage-Babcock & Asso- example, a library has a much better chance of ciates, Inc. Chicago: American Library Association survival when it shares premises with a feed store (1963). 322 p. $6. (L.C. 63-19683) than it does with a bowling alley. Joint occupancy This is the long awaited Library Technology with laboratories housing inflammable materials is Project study on methods, materials, types of con- also quite hazardous. struction, and equipment and devices for fire pre- Perhaps not all the recommendations in the vention and detection in libraries, including other book are practical for application in particular types of losses and insurance for libraries. The situations, and it's true that additional investiga- book is divided into two parts: one covering tions will be required. But this book is one that physical protection and the other entitled "Insur- has been needed for a long time. It not only will Ing the Library." wake you up-but will make you go to work. Part 1 includes chapters on the following perti- There should be a tremendous amount of im- nent areas: types of physical losses, prevention of provement in "housekeeping" in libraries-it's cer- losses, fire defense measures, fire protection equip- tainly more economical to clean up a library while ment, and fire protection in library planning. Part you can, rather than have it burn "clean" up. 2 covers the librarian as insurance administrator, the nature of risk, insuring physical damage to ALAN G. SKELTON,Technical Librarian property. protection against dishonesty, liability Head, Research Center Library insurance, workmen's compensation and employ- U. S. Army Engineer Waterways ers' liability, construction work, developments in Experiment Station Insurance, and a model insurance policy for li- Vicksburg, Mississippi NOVEMBER 1963 Agricultural Subject Heading List RECENT REFERENCES The United States Department of Agriculture has Libraries and Librarianship recently published the National Agricultural Li- brary's Subject Heading List, one of the most com- CURRALL,Henry F. J., ed. Phonograph Record prehensive international lists of agricultural sub- Librarie.r: Their Organization and Practice. Ham- jects ever published. The four-volume compilation den, Conn.: Archon Books, 1963. x, 183 p. illus. includes 93,000 subject headings and cross-refer- $5.50. .aces used by the library in its card catalog. The A series of essays by British music librarians List is $3.25 per volume or $13 for the complete covering such topics as general policy, setting up set and is sold by the U.S. Government Printing and maintenance of record libraries, personnel and 'Office. training, cataloging, and storage. Contains a brief directory of publications that review records (also SLA Authors in America), bibliography, and index. Prepared FREISER,Leonard H. Students and Spoonfeeding. under the auspices of The International Associa- Library Journal, vol. 88, no. 16, September 15, tion of Music Libraries. 1963, p. 3251-3. DANIELS, Marietta. Public and School Library GLAZIER,Kenneth M. and DUIGNAN,Peter. A Needs of Ldtin America (Cuadernos Bibliotec- Checklist of Serials for African Studies Based on ologicos no. 13). Washington, D. C.: Pan Amer- the Libraries of the Hoover Institution and Stan- ican Union, 1963. v, 47 p. pap. mimeo. Apply. ford University. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institu- Summarizes findings, conclusions, and proposed tion, Bibliographical Series, XIII, 1963. 104 p. plan of action within the Alliance for Progress. Apply. Tables of statistics and standards for service. JORDAN. Robert T. Library Characteristics of Col- DANTON, J. Periam. Book Selection and Coilec- leges Ranking High in Academic Excellence. Col- tiom: A Compari.ron of German and American lege and Research Libraries, vol. 24, no. 5, Sep- Uniz~ersityLibrarie.r. New York and London: Co- tember 1963, p. 369-76. lumbia University Press, 1963. xxiv, 188 p. $6 LYBECK,Pauline E. First Inform, Then Create. (L.C. 63-10912). (Library and information services in an advertising The philosophy and policy of book selection as agency) Printers Ink, vol. 283, no. 11, June 14, practiced in university libraries in the United 1963, p. 350-1. (Correction of September entry.) States and West Germany are examined in an MCLEAN.Mary P. The Business End of a Public attempt to define an ideal selection policy that Library. New Jersey Business, vol. 9, no. 8, April would bring to a library only those items useful 1963, p. 29. to its teaching and research programs. Author is MCMASTER.Florence R. American Association of Professor of Librarianship and was for 15 years Law Libraries. Library Journal, vol. 88, no. 15, Dean of the School of Librarianship at the Uni- September 1, 1963, p. 3033-4. versity of California, Berkeley. Notes and index. PIZER, Irwin, et al. Mechanization of Library HAWKEN.William R. Enlarged Prints from Li- Procedures in the Medium-sized Medical Library: brary Microforms (LTP Publications No. 6).Chi- I. The Serial Record. Bulletin of the Medical Li- cago: American Library Association, 1963. x, brary Association, vol. 51, no. 3, July 1963, p. 131 p. pap. illus. $4. (L.C. 63-15807). 313-38. Describes the operation and gives specifications RANKIN, C. Alice and GREMLING,Richard C. for various types of reader-printers suitable for Specialized Libraries in New Jersey. New Jersey use in libraries. Analyzes nine specific pieces of Businws, vol. 9, no. 8, April 1963, p. 18-23. equipment and summarizes testing program. RICHMOND,Phyllis A. The Future of Generalized HARRISON,K. C. Public Libraries Today. New Systems of Classification. College and Research Li- York: Philosophical Library Inc., 1963. xi, 147 p. braries, vol. 24, no. 5, September 1963, p. 395-401. illus. $4.75. SHARP,Harold S., ed. Readings in Special Libvar- Concerns public libraries in England-history. ianship. New York: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1963. staffing, building, operating, and public relations. 714 p. $15. Appendix has statistics on public libraries around SHAW, Ralph R. The Function of a Modern Spe- the world. Index. cial Library. New Jersey Business, vol. 9, no. 8, HOLLEY, Edward G. Charles Evans, American April 1963, p. 26-8. Bibliogrpher. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. SMITH, Ruth S. The Challenge of Church Li- 1963. xi", 343 p. $7.50 (L.C. 63-10315). braries. Library Journal, vol. 88, no. 15, Septem- A biography of Charles Evans (1850-1935). ber 1, 1963, p. 3000-3. librarian and bibliographer, whose American Bib- WEIL, B. H., et al. Technical-Abstracting Funda- lioguaph~: A Chronological Dictionary of All mentals. 11. Writing Principles and Practices. Books, Pamphlets, and Periodical Publications Journal of Chemical Dorumentation, vol. 3, no. 3, Printed in the United States of America from the July 1963, p. 125-32. Genesis of Printing in I639 down to and Including SPECIAL LIBRARIES the Year 1820, u'ith Bibliographical and Biographi- for college and university undergraduates. Chapters rdNotes was a pioneering work in the field. Bibli- from previous editions have been rearranged to ography and index. conform in general with the arrangement in Win- chell. Includes as main entries and in annotations INTERNATIONALFEDERATION OF LIBRARYASSO- some 570 reference books and other bibliographical CIATIONS.Lzbraries in the World. The Hague: aids (237 new to this guide). Index. Martinus Nijhoff, 1963. 62 p. pap. 4.20 guilders. Recommendations for a long-term future program for the International Federation of Library Bibliographic Tools Associations. BERGQUIST,G. William, ed. Three Centuries of JENNISON,Peter. Freedom to Read (Public Af- English and American Plajls; A Checklist; Eng- fairs Pamphlet No. 344). New York: Public Af- land: 1500-1800; United States: 1714-1830. New fairs Committee, Inc., 1963. 20 p. pap. 25d. York: Stechert-Hafner, 1963. 281 p. $25. A discussion, by the Assistant Managing Director Includes approximately 5,500 plays, both as of the American Book Publishers' Council, of the separates and in collections. Entries are under attempts by self-appointed individuals and vigi- author, title, and anonymous title, with cross ref- lante groups to impose censorship on publishers, erences from variant names, titles, and spellings. libraries, and schools, and a clear call to the Pseudonyms, joint authors, editors, and translators American press and public to help safeguard one are given. Facsimiles of significant and interesting of our most fundamental civil liberties. Brief title pages of 34 plays are reproduced. bibliography. Bibliotherapy in Hospitals: An Annotated Bib- MITCHELL,Ann E., ed. University of Tennessee liography 1900-1961. Washington, D. C.: Vet- Library Lectures, Numbers 13, 14, and 15, 1961- erans Administration Department of Medicine and 1963. Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 1963. Surgery, July 1962. 59 p. pap. mimeo. Apply. 45 p. pap. Apply (L.C. 1452-4367). Up-dates, with 67 items added, Bibliotherapy in Contains "The Growing Giant: The Science- Hospitals, 1900-1957. Includes references to gen- Technology Library" by Dorothy Crosland; "The eral articles, research and case studies, theses, University Library in Violent Transition" by Ralph bibliotherapy with different types of patients, and 11. Ellsworth; and "The International Role of the books. Author index. University Library" by William S. Dix. MCCORMICK,Edward M. Bibliography on Mech- SAMORE,Theodore and HOLLADAY,Doris C. Li- anized Library Processes. Washington, D. C.: Na- brary Statistics of Colleges and Universities, 1961- tional Science Foundation Office of Science Infor- 62 (OE-15032-62, Circular No. 699). Washing- mation Service, April 1963. 27 p. pap. mimeo. ton, D. C.; U. S. Department of Health, Educa- Apply. tion, and Welfare, 1963. iv, 172 p. pap. $1. 155 English-language items covering acquisi- (Available from Government Printing Office.) tions, circulation control, serials handling, selection Tables showing management data (size of col- of document copies, and intercommunication be- lections, number of personnel, operating expendi- tween libraries. Does not include information tures) and salaries in 1,862 college and university retrieval, payroll and similar functions. Author libraries. index and library location guide. VICKERY,B. C. La Classification a Facettes, trans. STECKLER,Phyllis B., ed. American Scientific from English by Paule Salvan. Paris: Gauthier- Books, 1962-1963. New York: R. R. Bowker Co., Villars, 55 Quai des Grands-Augustins, 1963. iv, 1963. viii, 221 p. $5 (L.C. 62-18243). 64 p. pap. 9 francs. Covers the period from April 1962 through Translation of the author's Fuceted Classifica- March 1963, and includes scientific, medical, and lion: a Guide to Construction and Use of Special technical books published in the United States; Schemes, prepared for the Classification Research excludes juveniles and texts below the college Group, Aslib, 1960. level. Arrangement of entries is by Dewey Decimal WHITE, Ruth M., ed. The School-Housed Public Classification; each entry is indexed by author and Library-A Survey (The Public Library Reporter, title. no. 11). Chicago: American Library Association, WALFORD,A. J., et al., ed. Guide to Reference 1963. vii, 62 p. pap. $1.75. Mate~ial,Supplement. London: The Library Asso- Survey results from cities where school and ciation, 1963. vii, 370 p. $12 (Distr. in U. S. by public libraries have been combined. Facts indi- R. R. Bowker). cated that there are more disadvantages than ad- Guide to 1,500 reference books and bibliog- vantages. Statistics. Bibliography. raphies published mostly between 1957 and 1961 SHOVE,Raymond H. et al. The Use of Books and with emphasis on British material. Some older Libraries, loth ed. Minneapolis: University of items have been included because of availability or Minnesota Press, 1963. vi, 122 p. pap. $1.75 (L.C. importance. References to reviews are included. 63-16070). WINCHELL,Constance M. Guide to Reference A guide to be used in library instruction courses Books, 7th ed., 4th supplement, 1959-June 1962. NOVEMBER 1963 Chicago: American Library Association, 1963. ROBERTS,Brian, comp. Uniz,ersal Decimal Cla.r.ri- viii, 151 p. $3.75 (LC. 51-11157). fication for Use in Polar Libraries, 2nd ed., rev. Covers 1,300 reference titles published from (SPRI Occasional Paper no. 2, FID no. 348). 1959 through June 1962. Follows the organiza- Cambridge, England: Scott Polar Research Insti- tion of the basic Guide and previous supplements, tute, 1963. 162 p. Apply. to which cross references are given by code num- Supersedes 1950 edition and its eight supple- ber. Also lists large card catalogs and indexes in ments and also the 1956 "Abstract" with its seven book form. supplements. Contains explanation of UDC, the systematic tables used, and auxiliary numbers for Cataloging and Classification regional classification of polar and nonpolar regions. Subject and region index. Supplements will COLVIN, Laura C. Cataloging Sampler, a Com- be issued as needed. parative and Interpretive Guide. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1963. xx, 368 p. $10. (L.C. 62- Information Handling and Systems 20998). Sample order slips, file cards, and catalog en- BALZ, Charles F. and STANWOOD,Richard H. tries for different types of materials, are repro- Information Retrieval Systems: A Systems Ap- duced to illustrate library cataloging practices. proach (IBM no. 63-825-827). Owego, N. Y.: Index, appendices, and bibliography. IBM Space Guidance Center, March 1963. 9 p. COMMITTEEOF UNIVERSITY INDUSTRIALRELA- pap. Apply. TIONS LIBRARIANS,Subcommittee on Subject Explanation of systems using a basic selective. Headings. A Standard List of Subject Headings in dissemination program and keyword-in-context in- Industrial Relations, 2nd ed. Princeton, N. J.: dexing for providing descriptive notifications, bib- Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, liographies, and indexes. IBM 700, 1400, and 7000 1963. iv, 136 p. loose-leaf mimeo. $4.25. series equipment used. Provides a standardized list of terms for use in COMMITTEEON SCIENTIFICINFORMATION OF THE cataloging industrial relations materials. Extensive FEDERALCOUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECH- cross references and explanatory notes. Revised NOLOGY. Status Report on Scientific and Technical pages to be issued from time to time. Information in the Federal Government, June 18, Conference on Classification in Law Libraries. Chi- 1963. Washington, D. C.: 1963. x, 18 p. pap. cago: Chicago Association of Law Libraries, 1963. 504. (Available from Office of Technical Services, vii, 62 p. pap. Apply. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.. Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Law 20235.) Library Problems, November 10-11, 1961, at the Summarizes recent advances and the present University of Chicago Law School. status of federal government efforts to develop an effective program for the handling of scientific and ELLINGER,Werner B., ed. Subject Headings for technical information. the Literature of Law and International LAW (American Association of Law Libraries Publica- Documentation O Information Retrieval; A Se- tions Series No. 6). South Hackensack, N. J.: lected Bibliography, Fall, 1962. Cleveland, Ohio: Fred B. Rothman & Co., 1963. xvi, 380 p. $17.50 Center for Documentation and Communication (L.C. 63-19100). Research, Western Reserve University, School of A list of subject headings used at the Library of Library Science, 1962. 8 p. pap. Apply. Congress for literature of law and materials in A selective listing of books, articles and papers, related areas, and extracted, for the convenience and special reports, with some references going of law librarians, from the sixth edition of Sub- back to 1951 and up to 1962. ject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogs of LIBRARYOF CONGRESS,Space and Technology Di- the Library of Congress (1957) and the supple- vision, Reference Department. Space Science and ments issued through December 1962. Reproduced Technology Books, 1957-1961: A Bibliography from single-line entries on IBM-type cards. with Contents Noted. Washington, D. C.: 1962. LEITCH,I. and BILLEWICZ,W. 2. A Scheme for iii, 133 p. pap. $1 (Sold by Government Printing Classification of Information on Nutrition Coded Office). for Machine Retrieval (Commonwealth Bureau of United States and foreign technical and semi- Animal Nutrition, Rowett Research Institute, popular works arranged by year of publication. Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, Technical Com- Tables of contents of works listed instead of ab- munication No. 24). Farnham Royal, Slough, stracts or summaries. Bucks, England: Commonwealth Agricultural Bu- Infornzation Systen2.r-E.r.rential Tools in Engi- reaux. 1963. xviii, 227 p. $15. neering Appltcation of Science for the Needs of Classification by an IBM code of bibliographical Society. New York: Engineers Joint Council material in the field of nutrition, both human and (1963). 28 p. pap. illus. $1.75 prepaid. animal, taken from Nutrition Abstract-r and Re- Proceedings of a panel program jointly spon- uiew~, the quarterly journal published by the sored by the EJC and Section M (engineering) Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Nutrition. of the American Association for the Advancement SPECIAL LIBRARIES of Science at the AAAS 129th Annual Meeting in A study conducted by the Center for Documenta- Philadelphia, December 27. 1962. tion and Communication Research at Western Re- serve on the problems of information retrieval in KOTOWSKI,A,, ed. Dokumentatjon im Gmelin-ln- education, comparisons with other systems, costs, stitut. Frankfurt am Main: Gmelin Institute, 1962. materials, and the operation of the Educational 194 p. pap. Gratis from the Institute's US. office, Research Information Center. Tables, charts, and 7 Woodland Avenue, Larchmont, N. Y. appendices covering a glossary, pilot questions, A jubilee issue in honor of Professor E. Pietsch's analysis, terminology control, the pilot library, 60th birthday in recognition of his achievements and comparison systems study are included. as chief editor of the Gmelin HaizdbooR of Inorganic Chemistry and work on modern docu- SCHWARTZ,Leonard S. Principles of Coding, Filter- mentation techniques. ing, and Information Theory. Baltimore: Spartan Books, Inc.; London: Cleaver-Hume Press, 1963. NATIONALSCIENCE FOUNDATION. Current Proj- xiii, 255 p. $8.50 (L.C. 63-19456). ects on Economic and Social Implications of Sci- Science, mathematics, and theory of communica- ence and Technology, 1962 (NSF-63-8). Wash- tions engineering for electronic data processing. ington, D. C.: 1963. viii. 126 p. pap. 40$. (Distr. Index. by U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Scientific Documentation in South G South East The fourth annual inventory of research projects Asia. New Delhi, India: UNESCO South Asia in this field being conducted in American colleges Science Cooperation Office and the Indian Na- and universities. The 306 projects reported are tional Scientific Documentation Centre, 1963. 47 p. classified into 14 groups ranging from agriculture pap. illus. Apply. and rural sociology to public policy and decision- Speeches from a Regional Seminar, March 7-16, making. Each entry gives the name of the in- 1961, under the auspices of UNESCO and the gov- vestigator. address, anticipated form of publication. ernment of India. and a brief summary of the contents. Indexed by YERKES,Charles P. Planning Guide for a Minia- authors and by institutions. turized Technical Document Distribution System. i\'otzcon~ entiondl Technical Information Systems in New York: The Microcard Carp., 1962. 38 p. Current Use, No. 3 (NSF-62-34). Washington, pap. illus. Apply. D. C.: National Science Foundation, October 1962. Discusses types and uses of microforms, includ- xx, 209 p. pap. Apply. ing microfiche, for the dissemination of informa- Descriptions of systems that store references, tion. Glossary and samples of Microcard, micro- such as manual, Uniterm, peek-a-boo, photo- fiche, offset page, and hard copy. graphic, and computer; systems that store data, such as administrative and chemical-biological test data; and systems that produce general search aids, such as indexes and machine-searchable files. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Includes guide to organizations, subject guide, Positions open and wanted-50 cents per line; minimum charge $1.50. Other classifieds-75 cents geographical location index, and supplementary a line; $2.25 minimum. Copy must be received by guide to individuals and organizations. tenth of month preceding month of publication. PAYNE,Dan, et al. A Textual Abst~ucthgTech- nique, A Prelinzinary Development and Evalua- POSITIONS OPEN tion Support plus separate supplemental volume (RADC TDR-62-372) (AIR C 81-8/62-TR). ADMINISTRATIVEASSISTANT-Wisconsin Free Li- Pittsburgh, Pa.: American Institute for Research, brary Commission. Assist Secretary of Commission August 23, 1962. viii, 55 p. (supplement, 187 p.). in various administrative functions. Serve as ad- APPLY. visor to department libraries in state government. Prepared for the Rome Air Development Center, MSLS, three years experience in library or related Air Research and Development Command, Griffiss work. Annual $6,720-8,520. Social security, state Air Force Base, New York. Statistical tables and retirement, excellent benefits. Apply by November charts, guidelines, evaluation, and implications of 25 to S. Janice Kee, Secretary, Free Library Com- abstracting. Bibliography. Supplement includes mission, State Capitol, Madison, Wisconsin 53702. papers associated with the exemplification and evaluation of the procedure resulting from the BUSINESS,Science and Technology Division Head study. for public library. Opportunity to develop collection and services for business and industry as well REEVES,Pamela W., et al. The Library of Tomor- as general public. New building being constructed. rou-Today: arz Informuiio~~Serz.ic~' of Educa- Growth possibilities available through personal tiorzal Reirmch Muterialr (Cooperative Research contacts and aggressive promotional and experi- Project No. 1298, Title vii, Project B-170). Cleve- mental programs. Fifth year degree required. Usual land. Ohio: Center for Documentation and Com- benefits. Salary begins at $6,200. Near Chicago. Write Jack Chitwood, Director, Rockford Public munication Research, Western Reserve University, Library, Rockford, Illinois. 1962. iv. 326 p. pap. Apply. NOVEMBER 1963 CATALOGER-INDEXER:For research library em- TECHNICALLIBRARIAN-TO assume complete re- phasizing the atmospheric sciences. Requires mas- sponsibility for administration and operation of ter's degree in library science and three years' 3,500-volume library of medium-sized chemical experience. Technical background in chemistry and company. Now located on Chicago South Side, acquaintance with several foreign languages is library will be moved to new laboratory building desirable. Experience with UDC classification pre- in Lake Zurich, Illinois, by October 1964. Prefer ferred. Liberal fringe benefits. Salary is open and applicant combining library training and/or ex- is commensurate with experience and training. perience with chemistry training. Submit resume, Please send resume of qualifications to Placement including salary desired, to: L. I. Terry, Labora- Coordinator. National Center for Atmospheric Re- tory Director. Dearborn Chemical Co.. 1029 W. search, Boulder, Colorado. 35th Street, Chicago 9, Illinois.

HARVARDMEDICAL LIBRARY is rapidly expanding its resources and services preparatory to occupying its new $6 million building. A capable Cir- POSITIONS WANTED culation Chief is needed for planning and development of new services, including extra-mural serv- ART LIBRARIAN-B.A., M.A. (Art History), fifth ices to hospitals and doctors. Candidate must have year A.B.L.S., 15 years experience university li- a library school degree and relevant experience, braries. Now Architecture Librarian, seeks museum preferably in a science library. Must have demon- or SL post. Write Box B 113. strated planning, organization. and management capabilities. This is an unusual opportunity, with CATALOGER-Male. M.L.S., 34, married. Human- an expanding future. Excellent fringe benefits. ities background. 8 years academic experience in Salary range: $6,300 to $7,900. Apply Harvard cataloging and technical services, rare books, and Medical Library. 25 Shattuck Street, Boston 15, teaching. Seeks administrative position. Write Box Massachusetts-Ralph T. Esterquest, Librarian. B 120.

INDEXER-For The Art Index. Background in WANTED TO BUY art essential. Knowledge of cataloging and/or library experience, while desirable, are not absolute PERIODICALS,duplicates, surplus for cash or ex- requirements. Beginning salary for persons with change. Write for free Library Buying List. Can- library school degree $6,330 per year. Applicants ner's SL, Boston 20, Massachusetts. must be capable of performing accurately the detailed work required in assigning appropriate subject headings to articles in current periodicals. MISCELLANEOUS Many Company benefits such as vacations, sick pay, pensions, Blue Cross and Blue Shield, etc. JAPANESEPATENTS-chemical, metallurgical, elec- Annual salary reviews. 5-day. 35-hour week. Ap- tronic devices and components, illustrated ab- plications should be addressed to: The Personnel stracts three weeks after publication from $30 Department. The H. W. Wilson Company, 950 p.a., partial translations any patents quoted from University Avenue, New York 52, N. Y. C.A. or other sources airmailed same day. Rotha Fullford Leopold & Associates, P.O. Box 13, LIBRARIAN-For independent educational research Black Rock, Victoria, Australia. Established 1953. library. Established library, new building under construction on university campus. L.S. degree QUICK SEARCH-prompt reports! Send us your with special library experience preferred. Western hard to find book list. Cambridge Book Service, Personnel Institute, 1136 Steuben Street, Pasadena. Box 18L, Cambridge 40, Massachusetts. California. - - TECHNICALLIBRARIAN-OPPOT~U~~~Y for woman to take charge of expanding scientific library. Ex- tensive holdings of reference and periodical literature in chemistry and biological sciences. The library is situated at a leading industrial research laboratory, which is a division of a major manufacturer of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Minimum qualifications for the position include a B.S. degree in chemistry or closely related field plus training in library science. Salary commensurate with qualifications. Comprehensive em- ployee benefits. Convenient, pleasant suburban Hundreds of Libraries-big and small-now print location, 20 miles from mid-town New York. 3 x 5 professional catalog cards and postcards (any Please write and send resume to: Dr. R. F. Phil- quantities) with new pre&ion gearedstencil printer lips, Professional Relations Administrator, Merck especiallydesigned for Library requirernents.Buydi- Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, rect on Five Year Guarantee. FREE- Write TO- New Jersey. An Equal Opportunity Employer. DAY for description, pictures, and low direct price. CARDMASTER, 1920 Sunnyside, Dept. 411, Chicago 40 SPECIAL LIBRARIES HEAD TECHNICAL Information Scientist Opportunity for individual to de- LIBRARIAN velop technical information, plan library programs and administer li- Excellent opportunity for qualified per- brary service for metals division re- son to initiate and develop a technical search. Candidates should have metal- library for new modern Development lurgical library and/or metallurgical Center of multi-plant manufacturer. laboratory experience. Experience and background in ceramics In addition to involvement in and glass beneficial. Location will be highly interesting work, Olin also provides a unique professional en- in Lancaster, Ohio. vironment that is close to cultural and recreational centers. Please send your reply in confidence to: Send resume indicating salary requirements to Mr. S. L. Ibberson. Supervisor, Personnel Procurement Department L General Offices ANCHOR HOCKING GLASS RESEARCH CENTER CORPORATION New Haven 4, Conn. Lancaster, Ohio An equal opportunity employer

LIBRARIANS! THE JOB: TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN Positions immediately available in new branches, subject departments, technical services, children's work, and bookmobiles. Large national company located THE SALARY: $516-$641 PER MONTH (Experienced librarians may start above in New York City seeks woman minimum.) THE PLACE: to supervise technical library. Re- Los Angeles, where the climate is always good. quires bachelors degree in chem- THE FUTURE: Good opportunity for professional growth istry, masters degree in library and promotional advancement in a growing system; 35 librarian promotions within science & minimum of 3 years ex- the last 12 months. STUDENTS MAY APPLY DURING perience in library work. Please THEIR LAST SEMESTER OF LIBRARY SCHOOL. forward resume indicating spe- LIBRARY DEGREE & U.S. CITIZENSHIP cific work experience & salary re- REQUIRED For additional information write to: quirements to Box SLM 1 126, 125 Civil Service Department Los Angeles City Hall W.41 St.,N.Y.36,N.Y. Room 5A 10s Angeles, California 9001 2

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SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS: Alphabetical and chronological listings of forthcoming national, international, and regional conventions and symposia of scientific, technical, medical, and management organizations. A subject index will be added beginning in January 1964. Published three times annually. Subscriptions: United States, $7; elsewhere, $8. SPECIAL LIBRARIES: SLA's official journal. Articles of professional and subject interest, features, news, and publication items. Published ten times yearly; annual author-title-subject index. Included with all memberships except Student, who may subscribe for $2. Subscriptions: United States, $10; elsewhere, $1 1. TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX: Citations and quotations from book reviews appearing in some 1,500 scientific and technical publications. Serves as both a check list and as an index. Issued ten times a year; annual author index. Subscriptions: United States, $10; elsewhere, $11. UNLISTED DRUGS: Describes new drugs, their composition and manufacture. Published monthly by the Pharmaceutical Section of the Science-Technology Division. Semi-annual, annual, and five-year cumulative indexes. Subscription: $15. SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION, 31 East 10th Street, New York, N. Y. 10003

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p-3 p-3 ,.. AN IMPORTANT NEW SERIES OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES

THE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION GUIDE SERIES

Business Data Sources Summarized by Experts First "MIG" Title Ready Dozens of topics of vital interest to businessmen, re- REAL ESTATE INFORMATION SOURCES has just been published. searchers, and librarians are covered in Gale's new informa- Printed in easy-to-read type and tion source books, being published under the general title bound attractively the book has 317 pages, compriied of twenty-four of "The Management lnformation Guide Series." sections covering such subjects as An extensive classified bibliography of literature pertain- brokerage, appraisal, mortgages, etc. and eight appendixes, plus subjeci ing to the subject-including books, periodical articles, and author indexes. See coupon for governmental and institutional reports, encyclopedias, dic- other titles now in press. tionaries, directories, audio-visual materials-will make up the major portion of each book. Series Editor Paul Wasserman Most bibliographies will be supplemented by appendixes Librarian and Professor. listing state and federal governmental agencies concerned Graduate School of Busmess with the subject, libraries with particular interest in the and Pub!ic Administration a Cornell Un~verslty subject, and other specialized lists. PARTIAL LIST OF TOPICS AND EDITORS ADVERTISING ATOMIC ENERGY AND NUCLEONICS QUALITY CONTROL Edward G. Strable and Eiin Christianson Irving H. Klempner Erasmus J. Struglia J. Walter Thompson Compan) United Nuclear Corporation Consumers Union of the U.S. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DRUG AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING Charlotte Georgi Philip Rosenstein Jean Hopper U.iiverslty of California (L.A.: BrooKlyn College of Pharmacy Philadelphia Free Library INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND PERSONNEL BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS PACKAGING Bernard Naas James Woy Gwendolyn Jones Cornell University Philadelphia Free Library St. Regis Paper Company INVESTMENTS AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS TEXTILE INDUSTRIES MACHINE INDUSTRY Mary McNierney Joseph V. Kopycinski Mariorie 0. Baker Bache a.id Company Lowell Technological Institute Engelhard Industries, Incorporated TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES AID TO DEVELOPING NATIONS MISSILE AND ROCKET INDUSTRIES Kenneth Metcalf Eloise ReQua Margaret N. Sloane Henry Ford Museum Library of International Relations Space Technology Laboratories, Inc BUSINESS/GOVERNMENT RELATIONS ACCOUNTING PUBLI!: UTILITIES Beamce S. McDermott and Freada Coleman Rosemary Demarest Florme Hunt Dewey, Baliantine, Bushby. Palmer and Wood Price Waterhouse and Company Public Service Electric and Gas

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Send me-without obligation-the Management Information Guides I have checked ,L , assoon as they are publ~shed. + ALL MIG bibliographies as issued IJ Construction and Building Information Sources ' 1 B Real Estate Information Sources--Janice. Babb -Howard 8. Bentley Architectural Forum and Beverly Dordick, National Associat~onof Taxation and Public ~ihanceInformation Sources Real Estate Boards -Vera Knox, The Tax Foundat~on I may use each of these basic bibliographies for 30 days, return it if it does not meet my library's needs, or remit $8.75 per volume for those I wish to keep. , Library Name By Address - Street City Zone State 3