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., _- - LZ- - I AGARD-AR-341 : A $1 --- - I 's ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 7 RUE ANCELLE, 92200 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE cis* AGARD ADVISORY REPORT NO. 341 Guide to Multimedia Storage (le Guide des memoires multimkdia) - * "l?tis publication was prepared as part of the programme of the Technical Informarion Committee of AGARD" I FOR DE~~UCTT~N NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION Published September 1995 Distribution and Availability on Back Cover ~~ AGARD-AR-341 ADVISORYGROUP FORAEROSPACERESEARCH &DEVELOPMENT 7 RUE ANCELLE, 92200 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE AGARD ADVISORY REPORT NO. 341 Guide to Multimedia Storage (le Guide des mCmoires multimedia) I -* ’% “This publication was prepared as part of the programme of the Technical Information Committee of AGARD” North Atlantic Treaty Organization Organisation du Traite de I’Atlantique Nord I The Mission of AGARD According to its Charter, the mission of AGARD is to bring together the leading personalities of the NATO nations in the I fields of science and technology relating to aerospace for the following purposes: I - Recommending effective ways for the member nations to use their research and development capabilities for the common benefit of the NATO community; I - Providing scientific and technical advice and assistance to the Military Committee in the field of aerospace research and development (with particular regard to its military application); I - Continuously stimulating advances in the aerospace sciences relevant to strengthening the common defence posture; I I - Improving the co-operation among member nations in aerospace research and development; ~ - Exchange of scientific and technical information; I - Providing assistance to member nations for the purpose of increasing their scientific and technical potential; - Rendering scientific and technical assistance, as requested, to other NATO bodies and to member nations in -I connection with research and development problems in the aerospace field. The highest authority within AGARD is the National Delegates Board consisting of officially appointed senior representatives from each member nation. The mission of AGARD is carried out through the Panels which are composed of - experts appointed by the National Delegates, the Consultant and Exchange Programme and the Aerospace Applications Studies Programme. The results of AGARD work are reported to the member nations and the NATO Authorities through the * ," AGARD series of publications of which this is one. 1, Participation in AGARD activities is by invitation only and is normally limited to citizens of the NATO nations. a- r The content of this publication has been reproduced directly from material supplied by AGARD or the authors. Published September 1995 Copyright 0 AGARD 1995 All Rights Reserved ISBN 92-836-1024-5 Printed by Canada Communication Group 45 Sacrt-Ceur Blvd., Hull (Qutbec), Canada KIA OS7 ii Contents Page Preface iv , R&umC V Technical Information Committee vi 1. Introduction 1 , 2. Optical Storage 2 2.1 CD-ROM 2 2.2 Optical Disk 16 2.3 Photo CD 18 3. Magnetic Storage 21 3.1 Magnetic Tape - General Properties 21 3.1.1 Operations and Uses of Magnetic Tape 22 3.1.2 Sizes and Types of Tapes 22 3.1.3 Recording of Tapes 23 3.1.4 Parts of a Magnetic Tape System 24 3.1.5 Recording Formats 27 3.2 Video Tape 30 3.3 Tape Cassettes and Cartridges 31 3.4 Digital Audio Tape (DAT) 33 3.5 Floppy Disks 33 3.6 Hard Disks 43 3.7 Removable Storage Systems 45 4. Other Media Storage 57 4.1 Photo Media 57 4.2 Audio Material 58 4.3 Motion Picture 65 5. Selected Bibliography 70 iii Preface 1 This guide is the result of a joint effort by members of the Technical Information Committee (TIC) of NATO’s Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD). It is intended as a guide to multimedia for the NATO Nations’ technical information centers and libraries. Multimedia is grouped into several broad categories to include CD-ROM, magnetic tape, audio materials, and photo media. The characteristics, benefits, shortcomings, and equipment needs are noted in the discussion. Since the guide has been compiled by a number of different authors, there may be some minor inconsistencies in presentation between the sections, but it is believed that this will not detract from its value. iv R6surn6 Le guide des mCmoires multimCdia prCsente un inventaire des types de mCmoire actuellement disponibies pour I’accks, la restitution et la mCmorisation des dondes. L’ouvrage prtsente les principaux ClCments disponibles. Le guide comprend une bibliographie succincte, qui doit servir d’outil de rkfkrence. Le type de memoire multimCdia utilise pour la mCmorisation et la restitution des donnCes varie selon le volume de donnkes B stocker, la demande d’informations et la capacitC de restitution souhaitCe. Bien que differentes mtthodes de mCmorisation existent, la facilitC d’accks, le cotit, la capacitC d’Ccriture et de lecture et la IongCvitC sont parmi les caractCristiques les plus importantes lorsqu’il s’agit de determiner les besoins d’un info-centre. Ce guide foumit des informations sur une douzaine de mCmoires principales. Une description est donnCe concernant leurs avantages, limitations et rCsistances ainsi que leurs possibilitCs en tant que plate-formes, comparaison, capacitC de stockage, convivialitC, capacitC de copie, prockdures de rkpertorisation et normes informatiques. Le guide traite de trois grandes catCgories de mCmoire. La premibre catCgorie conceme les mkmoires optiques. Les mCmoires - CD-ROM, les disques optiques et les mCmoires photo CD-ROM sont examinis. La seconde catCgorie concerne les mCmoires -- magnCtiques. Ce groupe comprend la bande magnCtique, la bande magnCtoscopique, la cassette de bande magnCtique et la - cartouche de bande, les disquettes, les disques durs et les mCmoires amovibles. La troisibme catCgorie correspond aux autres - ’ types de memoire. Ce groupe comprend les moyens photographiques, sonores et cinkmatographiques. - * Quelle que soit la memoire employCe, la reussite dans ce domaine passe par une gestion efficace, qui permet I’accbs immCdiat aux informations selon besoin. V Technical Information Committee Chairman: Mr. R. Paul Ryan Deputy Chairman: Dr. Heinz Hage Deputy Administrator StreitkrafteamVAbt. I11 Defense Technical Info. Center FIZB w Cameron Station Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 34 Alexandria, VA 22304-6145 53113 Bonn United States Germany SUB-COMMITTEE ON MULTIMEDIA Director: Mr. R.P. Ryan (US) Vice-Director: Capt. R. A.G.B. Roque (PO) Members: Mr. E.T.H. Lapeysen Mr. J. Villain Dr. H. Hage Mrs. D. Patrinou Mr. F. Tsimpoglou Mr. P.J. Hoogenberk Mrs. R.A. Gjersvik Prof. A.M. Correia Dr. A. del Rey Dr. S. Cakir Ms. A. Ozdil Mr. C.J. Bigger Mr. T.A. Hermann Dr. J.M. Hughes Mr. P. Thorpe (Not all the above were members throughout) COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE Mr. G.W. Hart Mail from Europe: Mail from US and Canada: AGARD-OTAN AGARD-N ATO/TIP Attn: TIC Executive Unit 21551 7, rue Ancelle APO AE 09777 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine France Tel: 33 (1) 47 38 57 95/97 Telex: 610176 (France) Telefax: 33 (1) 47 38 57 99 vi I 1. INTRODUCTION The guide to multimedia is a review of the current storage devices available for accessing, retrieving, and storing information. The dis - cussion addresses the principal devices available. A selected bibliog - raphy is provided as a reference tool for further inquiry. The type of multimedia devices used in an information storage and retrieval environment will vary with the size of the collection, the demand for information, and the retrieval capability required. While there are several methods of storage available, ease of access, cost, reading and writing capabilities, and durability are a few of the issues that should be addressed in determining the needs of an information center. This guide provides information on twelve major storage devices. A description is provided on their benefits, limitations, durability, plat - form capabilities, comparison, storage capacity, physical c h arac teri s - tics, data capacity, ease of use, copying capability, cataloguing rules and data standards. There are three major groupings to this guide. The first is optical storage capability. CD-ROM, optical disk, and photo CD are reviewed. The second is magnetic storage. This grouping includes magnetic tape, video tape, tape cassette and cartridge, floppy disk, hard disk, and removable storage systems. The third grouping is defined as other media storage. Photo media, audio material and motion picture com- prise this group. Regardless of the storage device used, the key is effective manage- ment to enable immediate access to information when required. 2 2. OPTICAL STORAGE 2.1 CD-ROM A CD-ROMdisc can hold vast amounts of data, not just text, but also pictures, sound, and animation. CD-ROM can store 600-700 MB of data. When a CD-ROM contains any combination of video, sound, text, graphics and/or automation, the product is considered a multimedia. It can also be mass produced very cheaply. CD-ROM is compact, lightweight, and durable. Best of all, information contained on a CD- ROM disc is indexed and cross-referenced so that you can quickly find and display any piece of data on the disc. It is also becoming the dis- semination medium of choice due to its long storage life relative to other media. At first, its use was limited to high-tech applications and large com- panies and libraries with a need to distribute large amounts of infor- - mation. Recently CD-ROM drives have become so affordable and CD- . .- ROM applications have become so useful and entertaining, that many -.- smaller companies are finding that CD-ROM is within their reach. Be- .- cause of their durability, large capacity, small size, and capability of & storing text, graphics, sound, and animation, CD-ROM discs are the medium of choice for multimedia applications. Benefits of CD-ROM CD-ROM disk drives not only meet the rapidly growing demands for storage capacity in the computer industry, but promise to revolution- ize the way computers are used.
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