DOCSLIB.ORG

Arabs As Portrayed in the Israeli Hebrew Literature Since the Second World War

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arabs As Portrayed in the Israeli Hebrew Literature Since the Second World War - 1 - ARABS AS PORTRAYED IN THE ISRAELI HEBREW LITERATURE SINCE THE SECOND WORLD WAR Introduction The romantic - nostalgic approach prevalent in the Israeli Hebrew literature in the years of the Twenties and Thirties. Review Modern Hebrew literary critics draw the line between two distinct periods dealing with the topic. The first - the years 1920- . 1930; the second - the outbreak of the Second World War, the years since 1940. Both diffe~ radically in their approach to the topic. Writers of the first period see the Arabs romantically, like ' i a myth of bygone days~ The writers of the later period see the Arabs as a problem, and their portrayal is more realistic. The writers, who arrived in Eretz Israel with the second and third aliyah (immigration wave) in the years 1904-1914, and then after the First World War in the years 1919-1923, hailed from Eastern Europe. They were familiar with the landscape of Eastern Europe; they found the scenery of Eretz I srael strange and exotic. The Negev, the Galil, the Arab villages, the Bedouin and their tents, the camels, the citrus groves, the palm trees, the cypresses, the eucalyptus trees (introduced to Eretz Israeli soil from Australia as a means of eliminating the swamps) with their white stems and willowy drooping branches, all made a deep impression upon the young Chalutzim and caught their imagination. Nurtured by the early Zionist movement, 'Friends of Zion', these writers had the sensational feeling that the ancient Eretz Israel, so vividly reflected in the Bible, h~d come alive again and they instinctively imagined the Arabs to be the people of the Bible. It was like a dream fulfilled. During the second aliyah the opinion prevailed that the fellahin, the Arab peasants, were none other than Jewish farmers who had been forcibly compelled to abandon their - 2 - religion - their Jewish faith - during persecutions and evil decrees on Jews in Europe (according to Israel Balkind, author of the book, Eretz Israel of our Times). The Arab fellahin were, in fact, the descendants of the Jewish people, who were the inhabitants of Eretz Israel before the present era. The literature of the Twenti es was like a direct continuation of the literature of the Biblical Epoch bemoaning the weeping of Hagar and the outcry of Esau. The writers, Moshe Smilansky, Yehuda Burla, Moshe Stavy (Stavsky), Pesach Bar Adon, and Yakob Churgin, described the Arabs and their way of life in an exact forthright way, but t he majority of Hebrew writers mentioned the Arabs indirectly while describing the Jewish Settlers, their problems and struggles. In all the lit erary efforts of the Israeli Hebrew writers, the Arabs appeared inseparable from Jewish reality in Eretz Israel. The Hebrew writers who described the Arabs of this period differ greatly in their approach to the subject. Moshe Smilansky, who introduced this topic in the Hebrew literature and wrote the first novel on the Arab way of life, was himself a great friend of the Arabs and greatly respected by them. His style was that of a sentimentalist, charmed by their romanticism and simplicity, which were characteristic of the Arabs and their mode of life at that period. A similar line was adopted by all the writers who came to Israel with the second and third aliyah. They carried high the ideals of the early Chalutzim, to get to know t he Arabs intimately, to work with them to drain the swamps, to combat malaria, and to cultivate the land. On the other hand, the writers Jehuda Burla, Yitzchak-Shamai, Yacob Churgin, Moshe Stavy and Nahum Yerushalmi were born and bred in the land of Eretz Israel. They featured the Arabs in a genuine and true portrayal. - 3 - This study is broadly concerned with the Arabs, the various Bedouin tribes, and the Druze, starting with the Turkish rule i n Palestine and with -particular stress on our present era, specifically from the beginning of the Second World War. It deals with Arabs in the South of Palestine, at the foot of the Hermon and the mountains of the Lebanon, Arabs living at the border of Syria, Transjordan, and the Arabian Peninsula, and Arabs of t he countries of Arabia itself, all ~f whom have been reflected in Hebrew literature. - 4 - CHAPTER 1 The spirit of romanticism of the Chalutzim ~nd their efforts to identif~ themselves with the primitive life style of the Arabs 1.1 Stories of the sentries - legendary reading The Jewish sentries - the Chalutzim who set out to guard the Jewish settlements and the Jewish honour - knew that they had to be alert against their neighbours, the Arabs and Bedouin. Thus they learned their customs, languages, reactions, and moods, while endeavouring to maintain a relationship of mutual respect. They were desperate in their efforts to keep up a peaceful co-existence with their neighbours, as they were only a handful of men compared with the vast numbers of Arabs and Bedouin. The sentries were instrumental and helpful in acquiring new land for the Jewish colonists. The History of Zionism is closely linked with the Jewish sentries (The Book of the Sentries). The Arabs used to call the Jewish sentries by Arabic names, perhaps out of respect and admiration, but also possibly out of fear and awe. Abraham Shapiro, Head of the sentries in Petach Tikvah was known as Sheikh Ibraim Mikhah, as was told in Stories of the Heroic Exploits of Sheikh Ibraim Mikhah, (edited by David Tidhar and Yehuda Edelstein). Meir Chazanov (Chazanowitz) and Ichezkel Nisenbaum, who guarded the Galil (in the North) adopted the Arab style of dress. Meirke (as he was commonly called) Chazanov had a gun which fired fifty bullets and the Arabs were terrified of him (see The Herd was Returned by A Kantorowitch). In those early days Arab and Bedouin alike attacked the Jewish settlers in the Galil and the land was 'soaked in blood' becoming known as 'The Wild West' of Palestine (Jchezkel Nisenbaum, by Israel Giladi; The Death of Trumpeldor and Dreamers and Fighters by Yaakov Poliskin). The sentries, however, continued to imitate the Bedouin in every way. They spoke their language and followed their life pattern, sleeping in caves and withdrawing into hills and valleys; studying each path, each crevice of the rocks, every grove, wood, and village. - 5 - IJetailed evidence of this trend was given in the novella, lhe Wanderin[s of Amishai the Sentry, by Yaakov Rabinowitz. Amishai - a Sabra (native of the land), a son of an early colonist, was a descendant of the Cabbalists, the mystics. He was born in a night of terror when his father risked his life to bypass attacking Bedouins in order to fetch a midwife. He grew up to be a guardsman, defending his fellow men; he was a product of nature itself, as if the Galil took care of him and brought him up. 'The mountains straightened his back, lengthened his feet •••• '• He knew well how to alter his appearance and disguise himself as a Bedouin. He was strong and alert~ He was a binding force between Jews and Arabs, a legendary figure for all. He was inconsistent in his ways. He would be doing sentry duty on a Jewish settlement and would suddenly leave his post and join wandering Bedouins in the desert. He was also involved in the exchange of horses amongst the fellahin in the villages, A constant struggle went on in his heart; he was a Jew by birth yet he was fond of the primitive life style of the Bedouin, imagining himself one of them, He was furthermore readily accepted by all Bedouin tribesmen. He inherited from his forefathers, the mystics, a fertile imagination full of dreams and fantasies. He wanted to live the carefree nomadic life of his ideals, advocating a Bedouin Hebrew tribe, lacking among the Jews: 'Jewish Bedouins are essential; without them full redemption will not come. We are at the Border of the Desert where hidden treasures may be found; we may even trace the lost tribes of Israel'. Quite a number of Hebrew writers dealt with the same subject: Chemda Ben Yehuda (wife of Eliezer Ben Yehuda) in the story The Farm of Bnei Reichav, and Yehuda Burla in his story Without a Star. A Yemenite Jew, Aba Yichje, lost his entire family in the massacres by the Muslims and went out into the desert to search for his brothers 'The Heroic Jews of Chiber'. Meir Wilkansky in his story, Change of Values, says: 'We wish to live like the Bedouins; we are brave; we will rove about in the breadth of our land and her deserts; we will dwell in tents and we will enlarge our borders, We will be like Bedouins, we will support - 6 - ourselves like them, we will dress ourselves like them, we will restore our ancient life style and return to nature. From these deserts will arise a new generation of prophets, the prophets of redemption •••• Therefore, we are fascinated by this romantic aura, we yearn for our ancient prophets •••• '· (Ichezkel Chenkin and Yitzchak Ben Zwi also dreamt of a Jewish tribe, strong and courageous, in the deserts of Arabia.) The romanticism of the Orient - the desire of the 'Lovers of Zion' to be friendly and become brothers with the Arabs, the search for Jewish Bedouins in the desert, the remnants of the ten lost tribes - was like a legendary solution to the precarious situation of the Jewish minority in the land of the Arabs. The stories of the sentries were interwoven with legends of the desert. In one story, The Orphan, by Moshe Stavy, Benjamin the sentry relates the following incident: 'An old Sheikh of an ancient Bedouin tribe dwelt in tents behind the hills of Damascus.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Zionist Settler Colonialism by Nur Masalha When in the Late
    Zionist Settler Colonialism By Nur Masalha Zionist colonies in Palestine at the beginning of the British Mandate, 1920. When in the late nineteenth century Zionism arose as a political force calling for the colonization of Palestine and the “gathering of all Jews,” little attention was paid to the fact that Palestine was already populated. Indeed, the Basie Program adopted at the First Zionist Congress, which launched political Zionism in 1897, made no mention of a Palestinian native population when it spelled out the movement's objective: "the establishment of a publicly and legally secured home in Palestine for the Jewish people.” Moreover, in the early years of their efforts to secure support for their enterprise, the Zionists propagated in the West the idea of "a land without a people for a people without a land," a slogan coined by Israel Zangwill, a prominent Anglo-Jewish writer often quoted in the British press as a spokesman for Zionism and one of the earliest organizers of the Zionist movement in Britain. Even as late as 1914, Chaim Weizmann, who was to become the first president of Israel and who, along with Theodor Herzl and David Ben •Gurion, was one of the three men most responsible for turning the Zionist dream into reality, stated: In its initial stage, Zionism was conceived by its pioneers as a movement wholly depending on mechanical factors: there is a country which happens to be called Palestine, a country without a people, and, on the other hand, there exists the Jewish people, and it has no country. What else is necessary, then, than to fit the gem into the ring, to unite this people with this country? The owners of the country [the Turks] must, therefore, be persuaded and convinced that this marriage is advantageous, not only for the [Jewish] people and for the country, but also for themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
    Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution
    [Show full text]
  • Hebrew Works by Arab Authors Literary Critiques of Israeli Society
    Hebrew Works by Arab Authors Literary Critiques of Israeli Society A.J. Drijvers Studentnumber: 0828912 [email protected] Research Master Middle Eastern Studies Final Thesis Supervisor: Dr. H. Neudecker Second Reader: Dr. A.M. Al-Jallad Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Israeli Arab Hebrew Literature: A Review 6 3. Atallah Mansour - Biography 14 - A Long Career 14 - Beor Ḥadash – In a New Light 17 - Language, Identity and Critique 82 4. Naim Araidi - Biography 31 - Career 11 - Tevila Katlanit –Fatal Baptism 11 - Language, Identity and Critique 11 5. Sayed Kashua - Biography 14 - Career 44 - Aravim Rokdim – Dancing Arabs 46 - Language, Identity and Critique 56 6. Conclusion 59 7. Bibliography 63 2 Introduction Modern Hebrew literature originated and developed in Europe since the late 18th century as an exclusive Jewish affair. Over time Hebrew literature in Europe became interconnected with the ideology of Zionism and Jewish nationalism and society became central themes of the modern Hebrew canon.1 In 1948 Zionism culminated into the establishment of the state of Israel and since then Israel was the main center of Hebrew literary production. However, there is also a substantial Arab minority living in Israel, something that was not foreseen by the Zionist establishment, and led to the placement of the Arab minority under a military administration from 1949 until 1966.2 The modern Hebrew canon until this time had served as a national Jewish literature which was exclusively produced by Jewish authors, but since the second half of the 1960s, after the military administration had ended, Hebrew literary works by Arab authors who are citizens of the state of Israel have also started to appear.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Politics of Nomadism in Modern Palestine (1882-1948)
    History and Politics of Nomadism in Modern Palestine (1882-1948) A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arabic and Islamic Studies By Seraje Assi, M.A. Washington, DC May 30, 2016 Copyright 2016 by Seraje Assi All Rights Reserved ii History and Politics of Nomadism in Modern Palestine (1882-1948) Seraje Assi, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Judith Tucker, Ph.D. ABSTRACT My research examines contending visions on nomadism in modern Palestine. It is a comparative study that covers British, Arab and Zionist attitudes to nomadism. By nomadism I refer to a form of territorialist discourse, one which views tribal formations as the antithesis of national and land rights, thus justifying the exteriority of nomadism to the state apparatus. Drawing on primary sources in Arabic and Hebrew, I show how local conceptions of nomadism have been reconstructed on new legal taxonomies rooted in modern European theories and praxis. By undertaking a comparative approach, I maintain that the introduction of these taxonomies transformed not only local Palestinian perceptions of nomadism, but perceptions that characterized early Zionist literature. The purpose of my research is not to provide a legal framework for nomadism on the basis of these taxonomies. Quite the contrary, it is to show how nomadism, as a set of official narratives on the Bedouin of Palestine, failed to imagine nationhood and statehood beyond the single apparatus of settlement. iii The research and writing of this thesis is dedicated to everyone who helped along the way.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sound of Culture, the Structure of Tradition Musicians' Work in Arab Detroit
    W&M ScholarWorks Arts & Sciences Book Chapters Arts and Sciences 2000 The Sound of Culture, The Structure of Tradition Musicians' Work in Arab Detroit Anne K. Rasmussen College of William and Mary, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/asbookchapters Part of the Ethnomusicology Commons Recommended Citation Rasmussen, A. K. (2000). The Sound of Culture, The Structure of Tradition Musicians' Work in Arab Detroit. Nabeel Abraham and Andrew Shryock (Ed.), Arab Detroit: From Margin to Mainstream (pp. 551-572). Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/asbookchapters/99 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts and Sciences at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Book Chapters by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Sound of Culture, The Structure of Tradition Musicians7 Work in Arab Detroit Anne Rasmussen WITH THEIR LOUD sound systems and lively dance tunes, Arab Amer- ican musicians bring to community gatherings an all-encompassing sonic environment that replaces the host culture with the home cul- ture. Night after night, performance after performance, they supply "the language of Diaspora" (Clifford 1994). While I have framed musicians as "curators of culture" and their activity as "art," they have continuously referred to the same as "work" (Rasmussen 1989, 1991). Their work, as they have told me time and again, is audience driven, and they are surprisingly compliant with the sometimes abrupt demands of their clientele. Although this way of performing cannot be reduced to a simple formula, several patterns are apparent in the careers of Arab American musicians that help explain why they tend to discuss their "art" as "work,"1 and these patterns have been in place for much of the twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • A Celebration of Life: Memories of an Arab-American in Cleveland. ADC Issues, Issue# 7
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 363 533 SO 023 303 AUTHOR Macron, Mary TITLE A Celebration of Life: Memories of an Arab-American in Cleveland. ADC Issues, Issue #7. INSTITUTION American Arab Anti Discrimination Committee, Washington, DC. REPORT NO ISSN-8755-903X PUB DATE 86 NOTE 12p.; For related material, see SO 023 300-302. AVAILABLE FROMAmerican-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 4201 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20008 ($1). PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Arabs; *Cultural Background; Ethnic Groups; *Family Life; *Immigrants; Local History; Marriage; *North Americans; *Social History IDENTIFIERS *Ohio (Cleveland) ABSTRACT This document discusses the life celebrations of Arab American immigrants to Cleveland from the late 1870s. Assembled from what is largely an oral tradition of family history, the booklet describes the home life, weddings, and final partings when elderly relatives returned to the homeland or died in the United States. The economic situation and problems facing the first generation of immigrants included language, religious, and social differences that set the Arab Americans apart from other groups of immigrants. The customs of marriage described include the formalities of betrothal and the consequences of a broken engagement, with the onus usually falling on the young woman in the past, jeopardizing her chances for a second match. The wedding customs include the party given for the bride by the women of both families. The wedding day, ceremony, and feast is pictured in detail. Marriages were arranged. The effect on the bride of moving from her family's home to that of her new husband's family is considered.
    [Show full text]
  • VICTORY and SORROW Own Volition Or at the Behest of Arab Leaders
    his purity. It cast doubt on the received account ofthe origins ofthe Palestinian David N. Myers refugee problem, according to which Pal- estinian Arabs fled their homes of their VICTORY AND SORROW own volition or at the behest of Arab leaders. Instead, Yizhar painted a vivid portrait ofexpulsion. His story provoked 1J KHIRBEI KHIZEH of Ziklag, which appeared in 1958. The a storm in the newspapers and journals li By S. Yi.h". novel depicted in exhaustive detail the of the nascent state of Israel, with some ii Translated by Nicholas de Lange activities and the emotions of a group of critics lauding the writer's honesty and ij and Yaacob Dweck young Israeli soldiers engaged in a week- courage, and others denouncing his :l (lbit Editions,134 pp., $16.95) long battle in 1948. The decidedly unhe- work as imbalanced and even treason- roic account ofthe soldiers leads one to ous. The historian Anita Shapira has HE sHoRT HISToRY of He' wonder whether Yizhar really belongs to carefully chronicled its immediate re- brew as a modern language the Palmach Generation. As the literary ception and its subsequent appearances has yielded, over the course of scholar Dan Miron has observed, he was in Israeli public culture-for example, little more than a century, an born five to ten years before other mem- as a required text in Israeli schools in impressively long list of literary bers of this generation, and he did not 1964, and as a television movie in 1978. masters-the early twentieth-century share in the euphoric spirit of triumph She shows that the original boldness of Brenner and Bialik; the mid-century and redemption that accompanied the I(hirbet Khizefr was somewhat lost in the Nobel laureate Agnon; and the renowned fewish victory in 1948.
    [Show full text]
  • Intellectuals, Socialists, Capitalists, and Binationalism in Mandate Palestine Joel Beinin
    Intellectuals, Socialists, Capitalists, and Binationalism in Mandate Palestine Joel Beinin he likelihood of a “two-state” solution political association. Brit Shalom barely minority bloc in the Yishuv. To broaden the to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is on survived the Arab riots of 1929; it ceased binationalist coalition, in 1942 the League Tan asymptotic trajectory precipitously activity in 1933. In response to the violence for Arab-Jewish Rapprochement joined Ih . ud, approaching zero. The present reality is a Ruppin abandoned binationalism while an association established by intellectuals highly unequal de facto binational state. Kohn broke with Zionism altogether. Despite around Judah Magnes. Ih . ud there by became Between the two world wars, Zionist advocates the intellectual brilliance of its leaders, Brit a much more substantial organization than of binationalism believed that guaranteeing Shalom never had more than a few hundred Brit Shalom. the civic and national equality of Jews and adherents. It had no social or political base. In 1946 Ha-Shomer Ha-Z. a‘ir and the Arabs would make it easier to establish Henrietta Szold, the founder of Hadassah, Socialist League fused to form the Ha-Shomer a Jewish national home in Palestine. But supported Brit Shalom and its successor, Ih . ud. H a - Z. a‘ir Workers’ Party. Two-thirds of its ten for those actively engaged in the Zionist But she did not represent Hadassah’s views thousand members were kibbutzniks. The settlement project, binationalism was always on this issue. For many Zionists who believed party delegated Mordechai Ben-Tov to draft fraught with contradictions. they were more “pragmatic,” the identifica- a book-length memorandum entitled The H.
    [Show full text]
  • Dabke 101 - Learn How to Dance Dabke
    Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke Read Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke Review You Can Reading Reviews From Our Site Tags: Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke PDF, Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke PDF, Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke reviews About "Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke" from internet: #dabke hashtag on Twitter See Tweets about #dabke on Twitter. See what people are saying and join the conversation. How to Dabke - www.Dabke101.com - Step by Step Videos - YouTube 27 Jul 2013 ... Dabke,how to dabke,Dabkeh,Dabka,Dabkah,Dabketna,how to Dabkeh,how to Dabkah,arab wedding,arab party,arab dance,learn dabke,learn ... *:Trick Guide Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke Download ... *:Trick Guide Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke Download eBooks. *: Trick Guide Danoday.com Download eBooks · *:Trick Guide Digital Photography ... Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke - YouTube Dabke Is An Arab Folk Dance Popular In Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Bosnia, Turkey, Syria, Iraq And Saudi Arabia To ... Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke: Flavors.me Dabke Is An Arab Folk Dance Popular In Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Bosnia, Turkey, Syria, Iraq And Saudi Arabia To Name A Few. New 2013! Pays $50.25/sale ... FREE DOWNLOAD Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke (view ... 19 Nov 2013 ... Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke (view mobile) .hop.clickbank.net/ Dabke,101,-,Learn,How,To,Dance,Dabke ... FREE DOWNLOAD Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke (view ... ... DOWNLOAD NOW!!! Dabke 101 - Learn How To Dance Dabke (view mobile) Dabke 101 ..
    [Show full text]
  • Ajew's BEST FRIEND?
    AJEw's BEST FRIEND? "When dogs frolic-Elijah the Prophet has come to the city." Talmud Bavli, Bava Qamma 60b We dedicate this book to our dogs Edited by Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman and Rakefet Zalashik Senta (1995-2006) and Caleb suss ex ACADEMIC P RE SS Introduction and organization of this volume copyright© Phillip Ackerman­ Lieberman and Rakefet Zalashik, 2013; all other chapters copyright© Sussex Academic Press, 2013. The right of Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman and Rakefet Zalashik to be identified as Contents Editors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 First published in 2013 in Great Britain by vii SUSSEX ACADEMIC PRESS Acknowledgments PO Box 139, Eastbourne BN24 9BP Introduction 1 and in the United States ofAmerica by Rakefet J Za/ashii< and Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman SUSSEX ACADEMIC PRESS 920 NE 58th Ave Suite 300 Portland, Oregon 97213-3 786 Chapter One Dog Cult in Persian Period Judea 12 and in Canada by Meir Edrey SUSSEX ACADEMIC PRESS (CANADA) 8000 Bathurst Street, Unit 1, PO Box 30010, Vaughan, Ontario L4J OC6 Chapter Two All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes From Unclean Species to Man's Best Friend: Dogs in the Biblical, 36 of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, Mishnah, and Talmud Periods stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or Sophia IV1enoche otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Anti-Partitionist Perspectives in Palestine 1915-1988
    A history of Anti-partitionist Perspectives in Palestine 1915-1988 Submitted by Kaoutar Guediri to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arab and Islamic Studies, February 2013. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I understand that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. .................................... 1 2 Abstract The diplomatic and political deadlock in what has come to be known as the Palestine/Israel conflict, has led to the re-emergence of an anti-partition discourse that draws its arguments from the reality on the ground and/or from anti-Zionism. Why such a re-emergence? Actually, anti-partitionism as an antagonism depends on its corollary, partitionism, and as such, they have existed for the same period of time. Furthermore, the debate between anti- partitionists and pro-partitionists – nowadays often referred to as a debate between the one-state and the two-state solution – is not peculiar to the period around 2000. It echoes the situation in the late 1910s when the British were settling in Palestine and authorising the Zionist settler colonial movement to build a Jewish homeland thus introducing the seeds of partition and arousing expressions of anti-partitionism. This dissertation aims to articulate a political history of the anti-partitionist perspectives against the backdrop of an increasing acceptance of Palestine's partition as a solution.
    [Show full text]
  • Urge to Merge: Israelis Insist on Big Weddings, Coronavirus Be Damned
    עמוד 1 Urge to merge: Israelis insist on big weddings, coronavirus be damned Many are willing to risk breaking the law to host hundreds of guests while others have opted to downsize. But almost no one is willing to stay unwed found out there was a prob­ life, which is an explicit as married just like Israelis shows you that the wedding Shuki Sadeh lem because the authorities commandment ” who are listed as “having no isn’t just for the bride and Haim Hemmendinger, enforce the rules in a place From the standpoint religion.” MK Evgeny Sova groom, it’s for the commu­ manager of the Pavilion that has a business license, of halakha, you need a (Yisrael Beiteinu) proposed nity.” Mehadrin wedding hall so they had to hold the wed­ groom, a bride, a rabbi to another emergency regu­ In recent years, some in Jerusalem, which hosts ding in a pirate location. preside over the ceremony lation, by which the young people have tried to buck ultra-Orthodox weddings, Within three hours, they and 10 men for a minyan. couples could marry in for­ the big-wedding trend in fa­ recalls a recent wedding at­ had to move 100 people and “Politics has entered into it eign embassies or consul­ vor of “socially conscious” tended by 50 people. It was the chuppah and the tables here. Weddings have been ates in Israel for the coming weddings. The idea is to get outdoors and people were and all the rest. It’s possible brought into other issues, year. back to the spirit of what spaced apart, but the num­ in the WhatsApp age, but like street protests and weddings were like in the ber was well over the maxi­ it’s no easy feat,” he says.
    [Show full text]