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The Diplomatist's Handbook for Africa (1897)

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The Diplomatist's Handbook for Africa (1897) mwir ~ fek : ^ 17 DEC, 1941 iihiv: _ja. _ j _ Klasnurr 7 pa^sa\ Register. - ^ — THE DIPLOMATIST'S HANDBOOK FOR AFRICA BY COUNT CHARLES KINSKY. Semper aliquid novi ex Africa. WITH A POLITICAL MAP. LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co. Lim. PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD. 1897. All rights reserved. and R. court-typography Charles Prochaska, Teschen. Preface, Africa, with its wild, virginal hunting fields and its heart of mystery, that has still to yield up its secrets to the explorer, has at all times excited a lively interest in me. Many of my friends and acquaintances have made it the scene of their travels or the field for their exertions, more than one to find there, alas an untimely grave. The various reports having served to strengthen my con- viction in the ultimate and supreme mission of the dark continent as the source from which exhausted Europe would draw that vitality necessary for its future nourishment, the range of my enquiry naturally became increased, and I missed no opportunity to collect and note down thoroughly reliable information. Soon afterwards it became my duty to make myself acquainted with African affairs, and I also seized this occasion to enrich my knowledge and complete my notes. And here I cannot refrain from putting on record my in- debtedness, first and foremost, to my valued friend, Professor Dr. Paulitschke, Private Lecturer at the Vienna University. It is to his clear and comprehensive lectures, based upon concise and intimate knowledge, as well as to the study of the litera- ture recommended by him, that I owe an accurate and reliable insight into the social and political relations prevailing in Africa. In my opinion, a general survey of the African question forms the only true basis for any further detailed knowledge. IV I therefore cherish the hope that this short compilation of the chief points of interest concerning the separate territories of Africa, as I have endeavored to reproduce them in this work, will be of some practical use at least to those who wish to obtain in- formation speedily. This work is intended as a vade mecum, which should partly serve to give a general idea of, 1. Where the different civilised powers of Europe have taken a firm footing on African soil; 2. The historical part played by them in the course of time concerning the different territories from which actual or presumed rights may possibly be deduced; 3. How and by what treaties and agreements the Powers concerned have decided upon their mutual frontiers and spheres of power. On the other hand, the method followed should serve to render the work convenient for reference. The work may have its deficiencies; but the reader, desiring to collect further details based upon more circumstantial accounts, will at least have been set upon the right path. In the time in which we live events develop themselves with astonishing rapidity. Nowhere is this more the case than in the far Orient, as well as in Africa; so much so that the condition of things prevailing in these remote countries, which not long ago played a comparatively unimportant role in Euro- pean politics, is seen to be exerting an ever-increasing and powerful influence upon the mutual relations of the European powers. That the African continent is portioned out amongst Euro- pean nations is perfectly true, but the precise definition of these territories, the process of acquisition and securing, the establishment of title deed, not to mention a world of minor question are matters by no means finally disposed of and are V destined to continue of eventful and paramount importance to Africa as well as to Europe for some time to come. Setting aside everything else, the proper significance of the terms «Possessed», «Occupied territory», « Protectorate », «Sphere of interest », etc., may be said to be still undetermined in some parts of Africa. We have therefore yet to look forward to much technical and diplomatic work connected with boundary com- missions, missions and the conclusion of treaties. In my opinion there are still 12 distinct points which will shortly have to be considered, viz.: 1. Egypt (Turkey, England, France, Italy, Abyssinia). 2. The Southern Frontier of Tripolis (France, Turkey or Egypt). 3. Morocco, East and South (France, Spain). 4. Rio d’Oro (Morocco, France and Spain). 5. The Gold Coast Hinterland (France and Germany). 6. The Togo Hinterland (England, France and Germany). 7. The North-West of the British River Niger possessions. (England, France and Germany). 8. North Ubangi (England, France and Turkey as well as Egypt). 9. Barotseland (England and Portugal). 10. Manica Plain (England and Portugal). 11. North of British East-Africa (France, England und Turkey as well as Egypt). 12. The Southern and Western Frontiers of French Somali- land (France, Italy and Abyssinia). In revising my notes before committing them to print, I have had recourse to the best sources only, keeping the circum- stance consistently in view that the lion’s share of African possessions falls necessarily to Great Britain, whose historical data I have accepted to a large extent as authoritative and final. These I have not failed to mention where they appeared VI to be of interest and importance. In making my compilation, I have largely used such publications as «The Population of the Earth » by Supan-Wagner «Handbook to Andree’s Handatlas, 2nd ; Edition»; «The Statesmans Year-Book» by Scott Keltie; «The Gotha Diplomatic and Statistical Annual»; the White, Yellow, Blue and Green Books; Annual Reports; The Diplomatic and Consular Reports; Colonial Reports; Foreign-Office and Statistical Gazette Official Handbooks for South Africa the various ; ; «Annuaires»; Rapports Generaux; Colonial Reviews and Statistical Works in all Languages; the numerous works of explorers; and especially Petermann’s Communications from Justus Perthes’ Geographical Institute in Gotha; the publications of the Geo- graphical and Colonial Societies in London, Paris, Berlin and Rome, the African daily papers, and others. To my knowledge, there exists no short and summarized work concerning the African question. Having felt the want of it myself, I sought for it in vain. I wish to give my private notes to the public for what they are worth, hoping that they will prove as useful to others as to myself. I have again to express my thanks to Professor Dr. Paulitschke for his careful revision of the work and for his supplementary notes, as well as for his valuable assistance in designing the General Political Map of Africa, which I trust will prove useful in completing the information contained in the second Edition of my book of reference. Dresden, May, 1897. Ch. K. INDEX Page Preface Ill to VI Egypt 1 Madhi’s Dominion 5 Tripolis 8 Tunis 10 Algiers 12 Morocco . 15 Spanish Presidios, Rio d’Oro, Canary Islands 18 Madeira, Azores, Cape Verde Islands 19 Senegambia 21 French Soudan 24 French Guinea, Ivory Coast 26 Portugese Guinea 28 British West African Possessions 29 British Gambia 30 Sierra Leone 30 Gold Coast 31 Lagos 33 Liberia 34 Togoland 35 Dahomey 36 ' Niger Coast Protectorate . 38 Niger Territories , , 38 The Independent States of Central Soudan ..... 41 Cameroon 43 Spanish possessions in Gulf of Guinea and on the Gaboon 45 Portugese possession in the Gulf of Guinea 46 French Congo 46 The Congo State 49 Portugese possession in Lower Guinea 54 Ascension, Tristan da Cunha, Walfish Bay 56 St. Helena 57 German South West Africa 57 VIII Page Cape Colony 59 Becbuanaland 63 Rhodesia, British Zambesia 65 British Central Africa .... 67 British Central Africa protectorate, Nyassaland .69 Basutoland ‘ .... 70 Natal 70 Zululand, Tongaland 71 Orange Republic 72 South African Republic . 73 Portugese East Africa 76 Madagascar and dependencies . ... 78 Mauritius and dependencies 80 Reunion and dependencies 81 The Comores Islands 81 Zanzibar 82 German East Africa 84 British East Africa 86 British Possession in Somaliland and Sokotra 89 French possession in the Gulf of Aden 91 Italian possession in North East Africa 93 Abyssinia .97 Geographical Register 101 Key. The introduction to the chapters is by geographical marginal notes: No. 1 . Official territorial titles of the respective countries. No. 2. Frontiers and circumference of same. No. 3. Surface in square metres or square miles. No. 4. Population (actual and relative). No. 5. Divisions (together with districts). Classification of same. No. 6. Possession (whether actual possession, protectorate or sphere of influence and extent of same). No. 7- History in chronological order. No. 8. Treaties and special diplomatic events (Ambassadorial journeys). No. 9. Proposed regulation of frontiers and results obtained. No. 10. Government, Administration, Varia. A signifies that the syllable is long and accented. — signifies a long unaccented ' a short and accented syllable. - i ' . A . / * . / J — ) POLITICAL DIVISION . Count Charles Kmsky.The OF AFRICA 1897 Diplomatists Handbook for Africa. 10° ° W. 0° E. 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