Congressional Record—House H8674
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United States Involvement with Nazi War Crimes
NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law Volume 11 Number 3 SYMPOSIA: 1990 Article 4 1990 UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT WITH NAZI WAR CRIMES Elizabeth Holtzman Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/ journal_of_international_and_comparative_law Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Holtzman, Elizabeth (1990) "UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT WITH NAZI WAR CRIMES," NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law: Vol. 11 : No. 3 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/journal_of_international_and_comparative_law/vol11/iss3/ 4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT WITH NAZI WAR CRIMES ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN * I very much appreciate the opportunity to be a panelist with such distinguished people and to address such an extraordinarily important subject. I think I can contribute most to this discussion by recounting a little bit of the history of the United States' involvement with Nazi war crimes. Until the mid 1970s, with one or two small exceptions,' the United States government was not particularly interested in the presence of Nazi war criminals in this country.' Indeed, at the very time that it was prosecuting the Nuremberg cases, the United States was sheltering such Nazi war criminals as Klaus Barbie from accountability for war crimes committed in France. In addition, a United States government report found that government officials committed crimes in their effort to protect Klaus Barbie.4 In another case, this one having its situs in Belgium, the United States government again violated either its own laws or foreign laws in protecting Nazi war criminals from local accountability. -
Final Report of the Nazi War Crimes & Japanese
Nazi War Crimes & Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress April 2007 Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group Final Report to the United States Congress Published April 2007 1-880875-30-6 “In a world of conflict, a world of victims and executioners, it is the job of thinking people not to be on the side of the executioners.” — Albert Camus iv IWG Membership Allen Weinstein, Archivist of the United States, Chair Thomas H. Baer, Public Member Richard Ben-Veniste, Public Member Elizabeth Holtzman, Public Member Historian of the Department of State The Secretary of Defense The Attorney General Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Security Council Director of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Nationa5lrchives ~~ \T,I "I, I I I"" April 2007 I am pleased to present to Congress. Ihe AdnllniSlr:lllon, and the Amcncan [JeOplc Ihe Final Report of the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Rcrords Interagency Working Group (IWG). The lWG has no\\ successfully completed the work mandated by the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (P.L. 105-246) and the Japanese Imperial Government DisdoSUTC Act (PL 106·567). Over 8.5 million pages of records relaH:d 10 Japanese and Nazi "'ar crimes have been identifIed among Federal Go\emmelll records and opened to the pubhc. including certam types of records nevcr before released. such as CIA operational Iiles. The groundbrcaking release of Lhcse ft:cords In no way threatens lhe Malio,,'s sccurily. -
Hermine Braunsteiner Was Born on July 16, 1919 in Vienna As a Daughter of a Qualified Butcher Friedrich Braunsteiner and His Wife Maria
Hermine Ryan-Braunsteiner Origins, education, occupation Hermine Braunsteiner was born on July 16, 1919 in Vienna as a daughter of a qualified butcher Friedrich Braunsteiner and his wife Maria. She was the youngest of seven children in this catholic family. She spent her childhood with her siblings and parents in Vienna. They lived in three room professional apartment belonging to the brewery her father worked for, as a carter or driver. Her mother earned their living as a laundrywoman. The family home was ‘apolitical’ and was marked by good family relationships and strict catholic upbringing. In the years 1925-1933 Braunsteiner attended a public elementary school and after finishing it she got admitted to high school where she spent the next four years. She was a good student and wanted to achieve something. Her dream was to work as a nurse, but unfortunately she had to give it up because she could not find a place to learn. Due to financial reasons she had to help at home; after working at home for six months she started a job at the brewery in May 1934. Then she worked as a cook at baron Bachhofen. Thanks to her salary she was able to support her family. When her father died from cancer and mother stopped getting the annuities, she became the only provider for the family. Hermine Braunsteiner was ambitious and she wanted to achieve something more in her life, so to free herself from the difficult life situation in Vienna she left for the Netherlands to her sister. She wanted to find a job there to improve her financial situation; unfortunately, she didn’t get a job permit and went back to Vienna after three months. -
Wikipedia Reader-2I5pv34
WIKIPEDIA READER ANNE FRANK #13 SELECTED BY YENESIS MORENO https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nne_Frank 4/24/16 Born- Annelies[1] or Anneliese[2] Marie Frank 12 June 1929 Frankfurt, Weimar Republic Died- February or March 1945 (aged 15) Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Lower Saxony, Nazi Germany Language- Dutch Nationality- German until 1941 Stateless from 1941 Notable works- The Diary of a Young Girl (1947) From Wikipedia, the free encycloped For other uses, see Anne Frank (disambiguation). Anne Frank pictured in 1940 Annelies Marie Frank (German pronunciation: [ʔanəliːs maˈʁiː ˈʔanə ˈfʁaŋk]; Dutch pronuncia- Anne tion: [ʔɑnəˈlis maːˈri ˈʔɑnə ˈfrɑŋk]; 12 June 1929 – February or March 1945[3]) was a German-born diarist and writer. She is one of the most dis- Frank cussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Her dia- ry, The Diary of a Young Girl, which documents her life in hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, is one of the world’s most widely known books and has been 2 the basis for several plays and films. WIKIPEDIA READER ANNE FRANK #13 SELECTED BY YENESIS MORENO https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nne_Frank 4/24/16 Born in the city of Frankfurt, Germany, she Otto Frank, the only survivor of the family, lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam, returned to Amsterdam after the war to find the Netherlands. Born a German national, that Anne’s diary had been saved by one of Frank lost her citizenship in 1941 and thus the helpers, Miep Gies, and his efforts led became stateless. -
Simon Wiesenthal Center Library & Archives 1399 South Roxbury Drive Los Angeles, CA 90035-4709 (310) 772-7605; FAX: (310) 772-7628 Email: [email protected]
Simon Wiesenthal Center Library & Archives 1399 South Roxbury Drive Los Angeles, CA 90035-4709 (310) 772-7605; FAX: (310) 772-7628 Email: [email protected] http://www.wiesenthal.com http://www.museumoftolerance.com http://www.teachers.museumoftolerance.com http://motlc.wiesenthal.com The Holocaust, 1933 - 1945 Educational Resources Kit For educational programs, permission is granted for the reproduction of these materials, provided it is accompanied by the following statement: Courtesy of the Simon Wiesenthal Center The Holocaust, 1933 – 1945 Educational Resources Kit Table of Contents INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 1 TIMELINE OF THE HOLOCAUST: 1933 – 1945 ....................................................................................... 5 GLOSSARY OF TERMS, PLACES, AND PERSONALITIES..................................................................... 9 36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .................................................................................................................... 23 DIRECTORIES OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS ......................................................................................... 37 MAJOR ADMINISTRATIVE CENTERS AND CONCENTRATION CAMPS.............................................................................. 37 IMPORTANT SUB-CAMPS AND THEIR MAIN CAMPS ..................................................................................................... 40 -
An Investigative Report on the Betrayal and Arrest of the Inhabitants of the Secret Annex
An Investigative Report on the Betrayal and Arrest of the Inhabitants of the Secret Annex Gertjan Broek Anne Frank House Collections Department / Knowledge Centre October 2016 I Introduction One of the most frequently asked questions about the history of Anne Frank and the inhabitants of the Secret Annex is: Who actually betrayed them? This question continues to fascinate people. The Anne Frank House (AFH) still regularly receives suggestions, usually singling out specific individuals. These suggestions are always taken seriously but so far have not provided useful leads. And, of course, here at the Anne Frank House this question is always present in the background. In recent years, the AFH has made more of a commitment to focus on conducting its own research, so this matter is now part of the Knowledge Centre’s research program. Premise and Background This investigative report is based on the premise that only one thing can be agreed on with certainty: on August 4, 1944, members of the Sicherheitsdienst or SD (German Security Service) raided the building at 263 Prinsengracht and arrested ten people. It is an assumption – granted a sound one – that this was not a chance occurrence. Obviously, the building had been selected for a reason. Yet, on what information that raid was based and how the SD got that information is still completely unclear. Whether this was a matter of betrayal, committed deliberately or not, is also an assumption. It remains to be seen if an analysis of the available data convincingly supports this decade-old theory. Shortly after the liberation, Otto Frank and the helpers took steps to identify those who might have been responsible for the betrayal. -
INFORMATION ISSUED by the Aoooatm of MOSH Rmkbs in Oleat BRITAK
Volume XXXVI No. 8 August 1981 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE AOOOATm Of MOSH RmKBS IN OlEAT BRITAK flats and hc«nes who live entirely on their own. Where do we go from here? Mr. Spiro asked. The Association's sources of income are reducing FORTY YEARS ON in real terms. Should we allow our activities to shrink as age catches up with us, or should we go AJR General Meeting forward mindful of the fact that there will be a continuing demand for our social work for at least another 10 to 15 years? After taking stock care The fortieth anniversary of the foundation of lems. He also expressed thanks to Mrs. Margot fully, it is against this background that we have the AJR was a milestone much in the minds of Pottlitzer who, until a few months ago, had decided that we must go forward. The tasks before the participants at the lively and well-attended rendered invaluable services as Associate Editor; us will not go away and it is our responsibility to General Meeting held at Hannah Karminski House new arrangements, he said, were under consider tackle them rather than to stand aside—a policy on 16 June. The anniversary provided a sense of ation. which has never been ours. We rapidly came to perspective, enabling members to look back at The Financial Report was delivered by Mr. L. the conclusion that we must broaden the member what had been accomplished in the past, and to Spiro, the Hon. Treasurer. He recalled that two ship base of the AJR. -
Who Was Anne Frank? by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2016
Name: Class: Who Was Anne Frank? By The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2016 The Holocaust was one of the greatest human tragedies the world has ever known. Approximately 11 million people were killed by Adolf Hitler and his German Nazi Party, and about 6 million of these victims were European Jews. Anne Frank was a Jewish teenage girl who hid from the German police with her family. Although she did not survive the war, millions of people have since read the diary she kept when she was in hiding. As you read, take notes on how Anne Frank’s life and the lives of her family members were changed by persecution. Overview and Background [1] Anne Frank was one of over one million Jewish children who died in the Holocaust. She was born Annelies Marie Frank on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany, to Otto and Edith Frank. For the first 5 years of her life, Anne lived with her parents and older sister, Margot, in an apartment on the outskirts of Frankfurt. After the Nazi1 seizure of power in 1933, Otto Frank fled to Amsterdam in the Netherlands, where he had business connections. The rest of the Frank family followed Otto, with Anne being the last of the family to arrive in February 1934 after staying with her grandparents in Aachen.2 The Germans occupied3 Amsterdam in May 1940. In July 1942, German authorities and their Dutch collaborators began to concentrate4 Jews from throughout the Netherlands at Westerbork, a transit camp near the Dutch town of Assen, not far from the German border. -
Author's Note for the Huntress by Kate Quinn
Author’s Note for The Huntress By Kate Quinn The Soviet Union was the only nation involved in the Second World War to put women in the sky as fighter and bomber pilots. Primarily women in their late teens and early twenties, they were products of the Soviet aviation drive of the 1930s, and they were championed by Marina Raskova, the Amelia Earhart of the USSR, who unabashedly used Stalin’s favor to get three all- female regiments funded and trained. The day bombers and the fighter pilots (among the latter, Lilia Litviak, seen in cameo at the Engels training camp, was killed in an aerial dogfight during the war, but became history’s first female ace) eventually integrated with male personnel. The night bombers remained all-female throughout their entire term of service and were fiercely proud of this fact. The ladies of the Forty-Sixth “Taman” Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment went to war in the outdated Polikarpov U-2, an open-cockpit cloth-and-plywood biplane, achingly slow and highly flammable, built without radio, parachute, or brakes. (It was redesignated the Po-2 after 1943; I was unable to pinpoint an exact date for the change, and so continued to use the term U-2 for clarity.) The women flew winter and summer, anywhere from five to eighteen runs per night, relying on stimulants that destroyed their ability to rest once off-duty. They flew continuously under these conditions for three years, surviving on catnaps and camaraderie, developing the conveyor belt land-and-refuel routine that gave them a far more efficient record than comparable night bomber regiments. -
Middle School
P A G E SCHOOLHOUSEThe NEWS Purcell Register 25 Middle School Middle School ELA & Reading Supplement April 27-May 1 Theme: Anne Frank - Quarantine Diary Reading Who Was Anne Frank? By The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2016 The Holocaust was one of the greatest human tragedies the world has ever known. Approximately 11 million people were killed by Adolf Hitler and his German Nazi Party, and about 6 million of these victims were European Jews. Anne Frank was a Jewish teenage girl who hid from the German police with her family. Although she did not survive the war, millions of people have since read the diary she kept when she was in hiding. As you read, take notes on how Anne Frank’s life and the lives of her family members were changed by persecution. Overview and Background Anne Frank was one of over one million Jewish children who died in the Holocaust. She was born Annelies Marie Frank on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany, to Otto and Edith Frank. For the first 5 years of her life, Anne lived with her parents and older sister, Margot, in an apartment on the outskirts of Frankfurt. After the Nazi1 seizure of power in 1933, Otto Frank fled to Amsterdam in the Netherlands, where he had business connections. The rest of the Frank family followed Otto, with Anne being the last of the family to arrive in February 1934 after staying with her grandparents in Aachen.2 The Germans occupied3 Amsterdam in May 1940. In July 1942, German authorities and their Dutch collaborators began to concentrate4 Jews from throughout the Netherlands at Westerbork, a transit camp near the Dutch town of Assen, not far from the German border. -
Vienna Holocaust Researchers Quit Over Archives Row | Reuters.Com
Vienna Holocaust researchers quit over archives row | Reuters.com http://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USTRE56R55... Print | Close this window Vienna Holocaust researchers quit over archives row Tue Jul 28, 2009 6:02pm EDT By Sylvia Westall VIENNA (Reuters) - A new Holocaust research center designed to build on the work of Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal was in jeopardy on Tuesday because of a row between researchers and a Jewish group over access to archives. The seven-person academic team said it had quit the project to set up a Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies in Vienna which would combine Wiesenthal's huge documents archive with that of the local Jewish community. The institute was intended to provide research and documentation of anti-Semitism, racism and the Holocaust. But project researcher Anton Pelinka said the group representing Vienna's Jewish community (IKG) had blocked access to the community archive for months despite having initially given the go-ahead. "The (Institute's) future is now completely in the hands of the IKG," Pelinka said in an e-mail. "When they allow us access to the archive, then the Institute has a future, but none if they do not." But the IKG denied it was blocking access to the archives saying it had been working hard to temporarily hand over part of the archive and was waiting for a response from the Institute's lawyer, IKG President Ariel Muzicant said. "This should take place without pressure, ultimatums or resignations," Muzicant said in a statement entitled "IKG response to the resignation of the Institute's board." He added that the IKG had put a lot of time and money into the project. -
Publikation Als Download (PDF)
Einsicht 14 Bulletin des Fritz Bauer Instituts , Frühe Strafverfolgung Fritz Bauer Institut und Formung von Erinnerung Geschichte und MMitit BeiträgenBeiträgen vonvon AAlexalexa SStiller,tiller, EinsichtWirkung 14 Herbst des 2015Holocaust JJörgörg EEchternkampchternkamp uundnd TThomashomas WWideraidera 1 Editorial Thomas Widera beschreibt die Endphase des NS-Regimes und den Beginn der sowjetischen Besatzungsherrschaft in Dresden. Er skizziert die Internierung der letzten noch in der Stadt leben- den Juden, die vor ihrer Deportation nach Auschwitz ebenso wie Tausende Kriegsgefangene, Zwangsarbeiter und KZ-Häftlinge in Rüstungsbetrieben ausgebeutet wurden. Am 13./14. Februar 1945 zerstörten alliierte Bombenangriffe das Dresdner Zentrum. Kurze DVD, 210 Min., ausführliches Booklet, ausführliches 210 Min., DVD, 4018, € 14,90 Best. Nr.: Booklet, 180 Min., DVD, 4042, € 19,90 Best. Nr.: + s/w, Farbe 85 Min., DVD, 4039, € 14,90 Best. Nr.: Zeit später rückten Einheiten der Roten Armee in die Stadt ein und DER LETZTE DER UNGERECHTEN EIN GESPÜR FÜR DEN FRIEDEN PO-LIN – SPUREN DER ERINNERUNG errichteten die Militäradministration. Widera verdeutlicht, dass die Benjamin Murmelsteins Kampf gegen die Endlösung. Eindrücke in der Schweiz und aus Deutschland Die verlorene Welt der Schtetl in historischen Filmaufnahmen. Zerstörung der Stadt die Erinnerung an die NS-Zeit prägte, für die Ein Film von Claude Lanzmann zum 8. Mai 1945. Erzählt von Hanna Schygulla Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, Leiden der NS-Opfer blieb hingegen kaum Raum – was teilweise 19 Filme von Gabriel Heim und Alexander Kluge Ein Film von Jolanta Dylweska bis heute fortwirkt. mit dieser Ausgabe der Einsicht knüpfen Raphael Gross schließlich stellt die Prozesse von Nürnberg in wir an das Frühjahrsbulletin an, in dem einen größeren sowohl rechtshistorischen wie moralhistorischen wir die »Endphasenverbrechen« des Kontext.