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The Russell-Einstein Manifesto – 60 Years On

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The Russell-Einstein Manifesto – 60 Years On ULRICH BARTOSCH, GÖTZ NEUNECK, ULRIKE WUNDERLE (EDS.) The Russell-Einstein Manifesto – 60 years on Remember Your Humanity and Forget the Rest! Challenges facing Nuclear Disarmament With a foreword by Jayantha Dhanapala and contributions by Egon Bahr, Ulrich Bartosch, Susanne Baumann, Reiner Braun, Agnieszka Brugger, Klaus Gottstein, Otto Jäckel, Harold Kroto, Götz Neuneck and Jürgen Scheffran ULRICH BARTOSCH, GÖTZ NEUNECK, ULRIKE WUNDERLE (EDS.) The Russell-Einstein Manifesto – 60 years on Remember Your Humanity and Forget the Rest! Challenges facing Nuclear Disarmament TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword by Jayantha Dhanapala ......................................................................................... 9 Science – Society - Responsibility Preface by the Editors ...............................................................................................................13 Volume 1 The Russell-Einstein Manifesto – 60 years on ULRICH BARTOSCH Opening address by the VDW Chairman ..........................................................................23 HAROLD KROTO 60 Years Russell-Einstein Manifesto: Video message referring to Joseph Rotblat and his mission ....................................27 KLAUS GOTTSTEIN Looking back on the Pugwash approach ..........................................................................31 ISBN: 978-3-9818132-1-0 JÜRGEN SCHEFFRAN Science and Peace .......................................................................................................................37 Berlin, June 2016 Translation into English, with a foreword by Jayantha Dhanapala and a new preface by the editors, August 2017 EGON BAHR My experiences with scientists and the new The Russell-Einstein Manifesto – 60 years on. Remember Your Humanity and Forget the Rest. challenges for European safety – opportunities Challenges facing Nuclear Disarmament; Ulrich Bartosch, Götz Neuneck, Ulrike Wunderle (eds.) for arms control and disarmament .....................................................................................45 Vereinigung Deutscher Wissenschaftler e. V., Marienstraße 19/20, 10117 Berlin Tel. (+49) 30 21234056 E-Mail [email protected] Web www.vdw-ev.de Discussion: Current challenges to the abolishment of nuclear weapons Layout: Sandra Hartmann Translation: Renate FitzRoy Print: WIRmachenDRUCK GmbH, Mühlbachstraße 7, 71522 Backnang GÖTZ NEUNECK Photography: Leonard Bartosch, Götz Neuneck, Schattenblick (www.schattenblick.de), Lucas Introduction for the Panel: What are the challenges Wirl (www.flickr.com/fotos/lucaswirl), Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs nuclear disarmament is facing? – an analytical update ...........................................53 (www.pugwash.org/1955/07/09/london-launch-of-the-russell-einstein-mainifesto/) Title photo: Egon Bahr and Klaus Gottstein at the conference „60 Jahre Russell-Einstein-Mani- fest“ in Berlin on July 9th 2015 (Part of a larger picture), Leonard Bartosch, 2015. SUSANNE BAUMANN Nuclear disarmament in difficult times ...........................................................................63 The editors would like to thank Lucas Wirl and Leonard Bartosch for permission to use the photographs as well as Renate FitzRoy for her commitment in translating this volume. AGNIESZKA BRUGGER Nuclear disarmament and a world free of nuclear weapons are at the lynchpin of German foreign policy .................................................................67 REINER BRAUN Current challenges for the abolition of all nuclear weapons .................................73 OTTO JÄCKEL Phasing out nuclear energy and nuclear disarmament – contradictions and missed opportunities in German policy-making .................77 Authors and editors ....................................................................................................................79 9 Foreword JAYANTHA DHANAPALA The historic London Manifesto – the years since the issuing of the Rus- foundation document of the Pugwash sell-Einstein Manifesto. The Man- Conferences on Science and World ifesto laid the foundations for the Affairs – was issued in London on 9 Pugwash Conferences which have July 1955 by Bertrand Russell at the maintained a high level of activity to height of the Cold War and ten years this day. Joseph Rotblat was one of the after the end of World War II. The sig- eleven scientists behind the Manifes- natories included eleven pre-eminent to and has since been the most impor- intellectuals and scientists, including tant figure in the Pugwash work. Albert Einstein, who signed it just days The Conferences are based on the before his death on 18 April 1955. recognition of the responsibility of This welcome and timely collection scientists for their inventions. They of essays on the Manifesto commem- have underlined the catastrophic orates one of the earliest instances in consequences of the use of the new the nuclear age of scientists and intel- weapons. They have brought togeth- lectuals speaking truth to power. Pug- er scientists and decision-makers to Photo: Götz Neuneck, 2015 (Part of a larger picture) wash as a global movement has con- collaborate across political divides on Jayantha Dhanapala (Archive Foto; Part of a larger picture) sistently practiced this policy since constructive proposals for reducing its inception in 1957. In 1995 it was the nuclear threat. awarded the Nobel Peace Prize joint- The Pugwash Conferences are ly with Joseph Rotblat, as the citation founded in the desire to see all nu- reads – clear arms destroyed and, ultimately, in a vision of other solutions to in- “for their efforts to diminish the part ternational disputes than war. The played by nuclear arms in internati- Pugwash Conference in Hiroshima in onal politics and, in the longer run, to July this year declared that we have eliminate such arms. the opportunity today of approach- It is fifty years this year since the ing those goals. It is the Committee‘s two atomic bombs were dropped on hope that the award of the Nobel Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and forty Peace Prize for 1995 to Rotblat and to 10 JAYANTHA DHANAPALA 11 Pugwash will encourage world lead- and underpin. While a U.S. Nuclear ers to intensify their efforts to rid the Posture Review might well be expect- world of nuclear weapons.” ed there is no policy statement so far on the Trump Administration‘s nucle- In a world with approximately 15,395 ar policies, except for the extravagant nuclear weapons among nine coun- boast that the U.S. should have the tries, where global military expen- greatest arsenal and that the more diture in 2016 was as high as U.S. nuclear weapon states in the world $1,686 billion, the relevance of the there are the better – a wild extension London Manifesto is all too clear. of Kenneth Waltz‘s theory that some Never before has a U.S. President proliferation can help keep interna- caused so much disruption to nor- tional peace. We have therefore no mal policy and threatened strategic reliable guidance on Trump policies. stability with his reckless statements The Chicago-based ‚Bulletin for and actions. A toxic mix of populism, Atomic Scientists‘ made their reac- nationalist bigotry, protectionism in tion abundantly clear by moving the trade and intolerant racist exclusiv- Doomsday Clock to 2 ½ minutes to ism is challenging the post World War Midnight– such is their dire percep- II liberal democratic international tion of the risk of nuclear war under order which the U.S. helped to create Trump. Jayantha Dhanapala quoted the press release of October 13, 1995 by the Norwegian Nobel Committee. Cf. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1995/press.html 13 Preface by the Editors ULRICH BARTOSCH, GÖTZ NEUNECK, ULRIKE WUNDERLE On July 9th 1955, Bertrand Russell held many annual conferences, work- handed over to the press a state- shops and panel discussions to con- ment on nuclear warfare that became tribute to the peaceful settlement of known as the Russell-Einstein Mani- disputes and the abolition of weap- festo:1 It points out the absolute, ir- ons of mass destruction (WMDs).3 The revocable disaster linked to this new German Pugwash group and many type of warfare. The text is based on German experts took part in these, conversations with scientists, includ- providing concrete studies, sugges- ing Albert Einstein, who signed the tions and expertise within the VDW declaration during the last days of his framework that forms the basis of the life. The declaration was signed by ten German Pugwash Group.4 Since its Nobel Prize laureates, most of them foundation in 1959 the VDW (Verein- scientists.2 They not only demand- igung Deutscher Wissenschaftler; ed the abolition of nuclear weapons, Federation of German Scientists) has but of war in general, urging govern- been committed to and advocating ments “to find peaceful means for the responsible science by encouraging settlement of all matters of dispute scientists from different academic between them.“ By publishing the disciplines to critically reflect upon declaration, scientists took a politi- the various social consequences and cal stance. The first sentence already implications that their research may stated their main reason: “In the trag- have on society and to use their ex- ic situation which confronts human- pertise to contribute to a public de- ity, we feel that scientists should as- bate. At an international level, the semble in conference to appraise the Pugwash activities became the foun- perils that have arisen as a result of dation of various arms control trea-
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