Information to Users

INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 871Ü051 Simpson, Alfred Earl WORKERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AT TWO SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS The Ohio Slate University Ph.D. 1987 University Microfilms Intern Qtionei 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48 106 PLEASE NOTE: in all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy. 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in sp_______ in e 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages n um bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received__________ 16. Other _______ ____________________________________________ ________________ University Microfilms Internationai WORKERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AT TWO SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS DISSERTATION Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Alfred E. Simpson, B.S., M.A. * * * * The Ohio State University 1987 Dissertation Committee: Approved by W. Umstattd P. Post M. Scott Adviser M. Wallace College of Education COPYRIGHT 1987 BY ALFRED E. SIMPSON ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author expresses sincere appreciation to Dr. William Umstattd for his insight and professional guidance throughout the research. Appreciation is extended also to the other members of my advisory committee, Drs. Paul Post, Michael Scott, and Michael Wallace for their timely suggestions and comments. A special thanks to Dr. Jay Helsel, California University of Pennsylvania for his untiring assistance. To my wife Sandra and son Alfred, Jr., for their support and encouragement while away from home attending school. Also to my brother. Dr. Willie Simpson and his wife Dora and son Scott, for their hospitality and understanding during the many weekends spent in their home in Dayton, Ohio. I would like to thank my typist, Cheryl Kolaczynski, for her expert and prompt services. Finally I give a special thank you to those who participated in my study, particularly the Pittsburgh Press and Mr. Frank Dicks and his staff at the Washington Observer-Reporter. A.E.S. 11 VITA October 11, 1941 ................... Born--Hattiesburg, MS 1964 ...............................B.S. Southern University Baton Rouge, LA 1964--1966.......................... Hemphill Printing Co. 1966--1976 ........................ Instructor West Virginia State College 1973 ............................... West Virginia University M.A. 1976--Present...................... Associate Professor, California University of Pennsylvania Fields of Study Major Fields -- Graphic Communications Educational Administration ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements......................................... i Vita......................................................... il List of Graphs............................................ vi List of Tables............................................vii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION....................................... 1 Statement of the Problem.......................... 4 Statement of Objectives .......................... 4 Need for the Study................................. 5 Assumptions ....................................... 6 Definitions ....................................... 6 Delimitations ..................................... 7 Limitations ....................................... 7 Significance of the Study ........................ 7 Research Hypotheses and Null Hypotheses ......... 8 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE............................... 10 Section 1. Introduction................................... 10 2. Historical Aspects of Technological Change in the Printing Industry ............. 16 The Beginning ............................... 16 3. Historical Aspects of the Newspaper Publishing Industry .......................... 22 4. Technological Changes in Composition ................................... 24 5. The Beginning of a New Era.................... 28 6. Futuristic Technologies for the Composing Room................................. 30 7. Industry Leaders' Reflections on the Future--People and Technology ............... 39 i v TABLE OF CONTENTS CONT'D, PAGE 8. Related Research Strategies .................. 45 9. S u m m a r y ....................................... 51 III. METHODOLOGY ........................................ 54 Introduction....................................... 54 The Descriptive Survey Research Method........... 54 Population......................................... 55 Development of the Research Instrument............ 57 Distribution of the Instrument and the Collection of Data.............................. 61 Analysis of Data.................................. 63 IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA.................................. 66 Workers' Questionnaire Part I: Personal Profile..................... 67 Section I To What Degree Have Technological C h a n g e : .............................. 70 Section II To What Degree Do You Feel or Think Technological Change will:. 82 Section III With Respect to Technological Changes :.............................. 91 Management Questionnaire Part I: Personal Profile ............... 106 Section I To What Degree Have Technological Changes: 108 Section II To What Degree: ........................ 113 Section III To What Degree Are Technological Changes :....................... 117 Section IV To What Degree: ........................ 121 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 129 S u m m a r y .............................................. 131 Conclus i ons 143 Concluding Remarks................................... 147 Recommendations 149 Bibliography.................................................159 APPENDICES PAGE A. Workers' Questionnaire and Management Questionnaire ................................. 165 B. Oral Script ...................................... 171 G. Graphie Arts Employees of America 173 D. Validation Checklist............................. 192 E. Validation Consultants........................... 194 F. Consent to Participate in Study Letters . 201 G. Request for Waiver of Consent .................. 206 H. Consent for Participation in Social & Behaviorial Research............................. 208 I. Thank you Letters ............................... 210 J. Statistical Data From Questionnaires............ 213 K. Cross Tabulations ............................. 308 VI LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE 1. Will technological change reduce Number of Composing Room Workers........................... 156 2. Are technological changes necessary?.............. 156 3. Should employers seek out the most efficient way of doing business even if it means a reduction in the work force......................156 4. Can automated/computerized machines perform at higher leverls of efficiency than humans . 156 # 5. Are technological changes beneficial for employers. ........................ 156 6. Will technological changes create unemployment...................................... 157 7. Will technological changes create enough job opportunities to offset rises in unemployment...................................... 157 8. Technological changes strengthen former and present skill levels............................. 157 9. Will technological changes reduce the need for highly skilled workers? .................. 157 10. Will technological changes reduce the need for highly skilled workers? .................. 158 11. To What degree have technological changes improved job satisfaction?....................... 158 12. Would you want your son/daughter to prepare for a career in composition w o r k ? .............

Load more