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Catalan Independence 2018
Catalan Independence 2018 On October 1, 2017, the Catalan Government headed by Carles Puigdemont of the Junts per Catalunya parliamentary alliance held a referendum on the future independence of Catalonia. A semi-autonomous region within Spain, Catalonia enjoyed comparatively larger self-governance than many of Spain’s other regions after Francisco Franco’s rule ended in 1975. While independence has had relatively strong support in recent years, a final decision has remained elusive due to inconclusive elections, referenda, and political opposition from Madrid. The 2017 referendum recorded 92% of respondents favoring Catalan independence. However, only 43% of registered voters voted in the election marred by domestic and national opposition. The government nonetheless pushed through, declaring itself independent on October 27th. Declaring the referendum and declaration illegal, Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dismissed the Catalan Generalitat and renewed elections. Puigdemont and his cabinet subsequently fled to Brussels, the headquarters of the European Union. This committee takes place in Catalonia, but Puigdemont remains in exile and his former vice president, Oriol Junqueras, remains in prison. This cabinet consists of fifteen members of Junts pel Sí (Together for Yes) who had not been prosecuted by the Spanish Government after the referendum, and five Spanish representatives sent from Madrid to ensure compliance. Each Catalan member will have access to powers retained after the dissolution of parliament and powers temporarily withheld by Madrid in response to the crisis. Each Spanish member starts with greater powers given by the Spanish government, but will lose some power if and when Madrid deems the situation more under control. -
Briefing #12/2019
BRIEFING #12/2019 A HUNDRED YEARS OF INJUSTICE On 14th October, Spain’s Supreme Court made public its verdict convicting nine political and civil society pro-independence leaders of sedition and sentencing them to a total of 99 years and 6 months of prison and to a similar ban from holding public office1. It is worth remembering that, as pointed out in a communiqué by Agora Judicial- a professional association of judges- “Those found guilty worked together in the calling and the organisation of a referendum on self-determination and that, in itself, is not a crime (...). Such was the decision of the [Spanish] Parliament in 2005 when it excluded from the Criminal Code the call of a referendum without legal base.” Similarly, magistrate and jurist Joaquim Bosch claims that “(…) the verdict attributes to the pro-independence public officials the authorship of sedition through a stream of behaviours linked to the call of the referendum and their calls to go to vote. That attribution of guilt also generates legal doubts, because holding illegal referendums is a conduct that was decriminalized. And encouraging citizens to vote cannot criminalize the summoners for the crimes that may occur subsequently. If it is not a crime to hold a referendum, even less so calling to participate in the consultation. For instance, those who call to take part in a peaceful demonstration cannot be responsible for the offenses that may occur in it. There is no causal link. However, the sentence considers several public officials responsible for sedition, while admitting that they did not participate in acts of passive resistance, nor did they encourage the sitting downs to hinder the actions of [police] agents”. -
CP 12/19 En El Saló De Cent De La Casa De
Secretaría General Ref.: CP 12/19 En el Saló de Cent de la Casa de la Ciudad de Barcelona, el QUINCE de JUNIO de DOS MIL DIECINUEVE, se reúnen los Iltres. Sres. y las Iltres. Sras. Elisenda Alamany i Gutiérrez, Maria Rosa Alarcón Montañés, Elsa Artadi i Vila, Eloi Badia Casas, Montserrat Ballarín Espuña, María Magdalena (Marilén) Barceló Verea, Eva Baró i Ramos, Albert Batlle Bastardas, Montserrat Benedí i Altés, Laia Bonet Rull, José Bou Vila, Maria Buhigas i San José, Jordi Castellana i Gamisans, Ada Colau Ballano, Jaume Collboni Cuadrado, Celestino Corbacho Chaves, Jordi Coronas i Martorell, David Escudé Rodríguez, Joaquim Forn i Chiariello, María Luz Guilarte Sánchez, Ernest Maragall i Mira, Francesc Xavier Marcé Carol, Margarita Marí-Klose, Jordi Martí i Galbis, Jordi Martí Grau, Lucía Martín González, Ferran Mascarell i Canalda, Neus Munté i Fernández, Eva Parera Escrichs, Laura Pérez Castaño, Miquel Puig i Raposo, Jordi Rabassa Massons, Óscar Ramírez Lara, Janet Sanz Cid, Gemma Sendra i Planas, Marc Serra Solé, Francisco (Paco) Sierra López, Joan Subirats Humet, Gemma Tarafa Orpinell, Manuel Valls Galfetti, Max Zañartu i Plaza, quienes han entregado anteriormente la respectiva credencial de concejalas y concejales electos de este Ayuntamiento a la Secretaría General de la Corporación. En cumplimiento del que disponen los artículos 195.2 de la Ley orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del régimen electoral general, y 37.2 del Reglamento de organización, funcionamiento y régimen jurídico de las entidades locales, ruego al concejal electo de mayor edad y no candidato a la Alcaldía, Sr. Celestino CORBACHO CHAVES, y al concejal electo de menor edad, Sr. -
International BRIEFING the Case
The Spanish Supreme Court’s decision on the self-determination referendum in Catalonia held on 1 October 2017 Report by: Ferran Requejo (dir.) Gerard Martín Helena Mora Albert Morales Linguistic adaptation from Catalan to English: Ander Errasti and Mireia Grau. Barcelona, December 2020 © Generalitat de Catalunya. Government of Catalonia Institut d’Estudis de l’Autogovern. Institute of Self-Government Studies (http://presidencia.gencat.cat/iea) Design: Autonomous Entity of the Official Gazette and the Publications Dept. Contents 1. Introduction. Purpose of this briefing ............................................................................ 07 2. Summary of the report .................................................................................................. 10 2.1 The use of language in the Supreme Court’s decision ............................................. 10 2.2 Pleas of facts ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3 Individual and collective rights at stake ................................................................... 13 2.4 The typology of the crimes ...................................................................................... 16 2.5 The allocation of responsibilities and the prison sentences for the prosecuted individuals ................................................................................................................ 18 3. Four final remarks looking at the future ........................................................................ -
L'exalcalde De Cerdanyola Toni Morral, Escollit Secretari General De La Crida
Política | NacióDigital | Actualitzat el 26/01/2019 a les 18:44 L'exalcalde de Cerdanyola Toni Morral, escollit secretari general de la Crida L'expresident de l'ANC Jordi Sànchez assumeix la presidència al capdavant d'una cúpula amb Artadi, Mascarell, Calvet, Borràs i Pep Andreu com a principals reclams Els membres de la direcció de la Crida, durant el congrés constituent | Julio Díaz / Crida Nacional per la República La Crida Nacional per la República ja té direcció política. L'encapçalen Jordi Sànchez com a president i l'exalcalde de Cerdanyola del Vallès Toni Morral com a secretari general, que es posen al capdavant d'un equip en el qual destaquen els consellers Elsa Artadi, Damià Calvet i Laura Borràs (https://www.naciodigital.cat/noticia/171965/equip/sanchez/es/proposa/implantar/crida/al/territori/c ulminar/mandat/1-o) , implicats des del primer moment en la fundació del nou moviment. La llista, per descomptat, comptava amb l'aval de Carles Puigdemont des de Waterloo i Quim Torra des de Palau. El suport a Sànchez i Morral ha estat de 2.417 vots, mentre que Jordi Ferrés i Oriol Izquierdo han sumat 115 sufragis. Rosario Palomino i Gerard Sesé, que no eren a la llista oficialista, han conseguit entrar a la cúpula gràcies al vot dels congressistes. La candidatura dels dos màxims dirigents del nou projecte compta amb la presència de Josep Andreu, dirigent d'ERC i alcalde de Montblanc, i de persones que formaven part del secretariat nacional en etapes anteriors. Les més votades han estat Laura Borràs i Elsa Artadi, amb més de https://www.naciodigital.cat/sabadell/noticia/22449/exalcalde-cerdanyola-toni-morral-escollit-secretari-general-crida Pagina 1 de 23 2.000 vots. -
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
___________________________________________________________________ Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Application against Spain by Carles Puigdemont, President-Elect of Catalonia Lodged 1 March 2018 __________________________________________________________________ PUIGDEMONT -v- SPAIN SUMMARY: In this application Mr. Carles PUIGDEMONT alleges that Spain is guilty of violating its international treaty obligations through the cumulative imposition of disproportionate and unjustified restrictions with the exercise of his political rights under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (“UDHR”), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”). Spain is a State Party to both treaties. It is also a signatory, without relevant reservations, to the Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, which provides for the right of individual petition. Spain has not notified any relevant derogation to the provisions of the ICCPR which thus remain fully in force. It is legally bound by treaty obligation to secure the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the ICCPR, throughout the territory of Spain, and to all those who fall within its jurisdiction. Mr. PUIGDEMONT brings this individual petition to the United Nations Human Rights Committee in order to vindicate his right to stand for elections (article 25, ICCPR); his right to freedom of association with other secessionist politicians and political parties in pursuit of a common goal of securing independence from Spain for Catalonia (article 22, ICCPR); and his right to freedom of peaceful political expression in support of the cause of independence for Catalonia (article 19, ICCPR). He invites the Committee to hold that these rights have been violated by cumulative and continuing conduct of the Kingdom of Spain. -
Spain Case Study 2
https://arisa-project.eu/ THE “PROCESS” Spain CONTENTS Section One Key facts of the case Section Two Applicable law This document was funded by the European Union’s Justice Section Three Programme (2014-2020) Criminal proceedings The content of this document represents the views of the authors only and is their sole Section Four responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any Disclosure of information responsibility for use that may be made of the information it Section Five contains. Media coverage Section Six Impact on the suspect or accused person and on the general public opened a case for sedition against Jordi Sanchez Key facts of the and Jordi Cuixart. On 16 September, both were arrested for these events and were remanded in case custody. From the moment the facts were made public, On 6 and 7 September 2017, the Parliament of the case received significant media attention, Catalonia approved by majority two autonomous which increased even further during the trial. laws that empowered the Government of The strategy of the defence was based on Catalonia to call a referendum on the alleging that the sexual relations had been independence of the region and, in the case of a consensual, contrasting the victim's testimony Yes victory, to effectuate independence. On 7 with, among other means, an expert report September, the Catalan Government of the resulting from monitoring of the victim in the Generalitat signed the decree calling for the months following the complaint and analysis of referendum on 1 October. However, a few hours her activity on social networks. -
EU-Catalonia Dialogue Platform Calls for the Release of Catalan Political Prisoners
EU-Catalonia Dialogue Platform calls for the release of Catalan political prisoners The EU-Catalonia Dialogue Platform, as a group of MEPs that works to achieve a democratic solution and a respectful dialogue between the Spanish and the Catalan governments, calls for the urgent release of Catalan political prisoners and expresses its total rejection and disagreement regarding the situation they are facing in jail. The platform will submit a new request to visit the prison after penitentiary officers denied them entry last 19th December of 2017. Oriol Junqueras, Joaquim Forn, Jordi Cuixart and Jordi Sànchez are accused of serious charges such as sedition, rebellion and are facing long prison sentences of up to 30 years. In the Spanish Constitution, as in other democratic constitutions, these charges must involve the active use of violence. It is evident that, in the Catalan case, violence has not been present at any moment of this democratic political process. Indeed, Diego López Garrido, the drafter of the Constitutional article that describes the crime of rebellion, declared that “it can’t be applied to the Catalan case due to the lack of violence”. The platform wants to highlight that the only evidence of violence has come from the side of the Spanish Government, led by Mr Mariano Rajoy, during the 1st of October. According to Amnesty International, the Policía Nacional and Guardia Civil, under the command of the Ministry of Interior, used excessive force against peaceful people leaving more than 1.000 people injured. Thus, we strongly believe that the four inmates are political prisoners and they are being punished for their political and democratic convictions. -
Inside Spain Nr 146 19 December 2017 - 22 January 2018
Inside Spain Nr 146 19 December 2017 - 22 January 2018 William Chislett Summary Spain to boost defence spending and send more troops abroad. New Catalan parliament’s pro-independence speaker calls for deposed Puigdemont to be re-elected the region’s Premier. Catalan electoral success propels Ciudadanos towards national victory. Madrid fails to fully implement any of the Council of Europe’s anti-corruption measures. Spanish-built high-speed train in Saudi Arabia successfully completes first test run. Foreign Policy Spain to boost defence spending and send more troops abroad The government told NATO it would increase defence spending by more than 80% over the next seven years to around €18 billion, but it would still be below the guideline of 2% of GDP that NATO’s 28 members agreed for 2024 at their 2014 summit in Wales. Spain’s current military spending of 0.92% of GDP is among the lowest (see Figure 1). Only five countries meet the 2% target: the US, UK, Greece, Estonia and Poland. Figure 1. Defence expenditure as a share of GDP (%) (1) % of GDP US 3.58 UK 2.14 NATO guideline 2.00 France 1.79 Germany 1.22 Italy 1.13 Spain 0.92 Luxembourg 0.44 (1) Estimates for 2017. Source: NATO. 1 Inside Spain Nr 146 19 December 2017 - 22 January 2018 María Dolores de Cospedal, the Defence Minister, said more troops would be sent abroad to participate in international missions. The number in Mali will rise by 152, those in Afghanistan by 95 and in Iraq by 30. -
Official Statement by the President of the Catalan Government on the Terrorist Attack in Barcelona
Official Statement by the President of the Catalan Government on the terrorist attack in Barcelona Barcelona, 17 August 2017 The Vice President and the ministers have taken part in the crisis cabinet meeting that I convened to share the latest information on what happened this afternoon in Barcelona and which has left us, and all the good people of the world, shocked. We are all saddened, like Europe and the rest of the world. We know that everyone, from all civilisations, religions and social backgrounds stand with the victims and stand with us in this act of violence that hit the streets of our city, our capital. London, Brussels, Paris and other European cities have suffered this experience, and now it has happened in Barcelona. The act has left over ninety victims, including twelve deaths, according to provisional reports. Eighty remain hospitalised, fifteen of which are in critical conditions. Therefore, we are talking about an act of very severe proportions and one that we want to condemn in the strongest possible terms. Democracy and its intrinsic values, freedom and equality, are above terrorist violence. Between all of us, institutions and citizens, there is no doubt that we will defeat those who try to oppose civilisations against each other through the use of violence. Catalonia has been, is and will be a land of peace. A welcoming land. We will not let a minority end our way of being, which has been forged over centuries. We Catalans have been, are and will be a people of peace who open our arms to others. -
1. L'empresonament Dels Consellers De La
1. L’EMPRESONAMENT DELS CONSELLERS DE LA GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA 2. ENLLAC DE L’AUTO D’EMPRESONAMENT DELS CONSELLERS DE LA GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA (pdf) 1.1. La jutge envia a presó mig Govern i veu el Procés com un pla delictiu La repressió de l’Estat va superar ahir un nou límit. El govern de la Generalitat escollit a les eleccions del 27 de setembre del 2015 ha passat aquesta nit entre reixes o a l’exili. Mentre el president, Carles Puigdemont, i quatre consellers més són a Brussel·les, la jutge de l’Audiència Nacional Carmen Lamela va decretar ahir presó incondicional per al vicepresident, Oriol Junqueras, i per als set consellers que ahir van acudir a la cita: Carles Mundó, Jordi Turull, Josep Rull, Raül Romeva, Joaquim Forn, Dolors Bassa i Meritxell Borràs L’únic que en podrà sortir aviat és qui fins fa una setmana va ser titular d’Empresa, Santi Vila, a qui la magistrada diferencia per haver dimitit just abans de la declaració d’independència: avui recuperarà la llibertat amb una fiança de 50.000 euros. Els consellers havien arribat a l’Audiència escridassats per grups hostils i aclamats -excepte Vila- per representants del PDECat i ERC que els esperaven a la llunyania, sense poder avançar més pel dispositiu policial. Tots ells van passar per davant de la jutge Lamela, que els havia citat menys de 24 hores abans i que va rebutjar ajornar les declaracions. Molt diferent va ser l’actitud del magistrat Pablo Llarena, que uns metres més enllà, a la seu del Suprem, jutjava els membres de la mesa, als quals sí que va donar una setmana més perquè considerava que citant-los amb només un dia d’antelació es vulnerava el dret de defensa. -
1 Advance Non-Edited Version Human Rights Council Opinions Adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at Its 84Th Sessi
A/HRC/WGAD/2019 Advance Non-Edited Version Distr. General 18 June 2019 Original: Spanish Human Rights Council Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its 84th session (24 April to 3 May 2019) Opinion No. 12/2019, concerning Joaquim Forn i Chiariello, Josep Rull i Andreu, Raül Romeva i Rueda and Dolors Bassa i Coll (Spain) 1. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention was established in resolution 1991/42 of the Commission on Human Rights. In its resolution 1997/50, the Commission extended and clarified the mandate of the Working Group. Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 60/251 and Human Rights Council decision 1/102, the Council assumed the mandate of the Commission. The Council most recently extended the mandate of the Working Group for a three-year period in its resolution 33/30. 2. In accordance with its methods of work (A/HRC/36/38), on 21 September 2018 the Working Group transmitted to the Government of Spain a communication concerning Messrs Joaquim Forn i Chiariello, Josep Rull i Andreu, Raül Romeva i Rueda and Ms Dolors Bassa i Coll. The Government submitted its response on 21 November 2018. The State is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 3. The Working Group regards the deprivation of liberty as arbitrary in the following cases: (a) When it is clearly impossible to invoke any legal basis justifying the deprivation of liberty (as when a person is kept in detention after the completion of his or her sentence or despite an amnesty law