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Intraspecific Variation Studies Among Different Geographical Populations of Holotrichia Consanguinea Blanchard PADALA VINOD KUMAR* and K

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Intraspecific Variation Studies Among Different Geographical Populations of Holotrichia Consanguinea Blanchard PADALA VINOD KUMAR* and K Trends6868 in Biosciences 10(32), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 6868-6871, in Biosciences 2017 10 (32), 2017 Intraspecific Variation Studies Among Different Geographical Populations of Holotrichia consanguinea Blanchard PADALA VINOD KUMAR* AND K. SREEDEVI ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi *email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, parts of Uttarakhand and Bihar. H. consanguinea reported to be Holotrichia consanginea is one of predominant species major pest in several crops (Ritcher, 1961; Kapadia, et al., among white grub species and present across the India. A study has been carried out to find the morphological 2006).The present study has been carried out to find the variability among three populations of H. consanginea, morphological variability among three populations of H. consanguinea, which were collected from different states which were collected from different states of India such as Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.The various such as Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. characters such as shape of the clypeus, number and shape MATERIALS AND METHODS of maxillary palpi, pronotal serrations and punctations, Surveys were conducted in different parts of Andhra shape and angles of scutellum, hind tibial spurs and Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh for the collection of transverse carina, shape of tarsal claw and male genitalia adult H. consanguinea during May - August, 2015. structures such as parameres and phallobase are not Collection of adult beetles was made during the night showing any significant difference in line diagram studies between 6:30 to 10:00 pm by using light traps with black but further studies like morphometric and molecular and mercury light sources. Adults were also collected from studies need to explore the further variation in size and the nearby host trees by scouting using the powerful light genetic level. torches, where they settled for feeding and mating after emergence. Usually white grub adults emerge from soil after Key words : Intraspecific variation, Holotrichia the first shower of monsoon and it is continued up to consanguinea August. So, the collection of adults was done during the months of May - August, 2015 at fortnightly intervals in Intraspecific variability is very much helpful in the chosen locations of the survey areas. The beetles population ecology studies to find out source of variability attracted towards the light source were trapped in the in the group of populations (Violle, et al., 2012). The extent collection bucket, placed beneath the light source that of intraspecific variability considered as distinctiveness of contain cotton swab sprinkled with ethyl acetate. The the individuals or population. The characters, which having beetles trapped in the collection bucket were sorted out highest distinctiveness used for further taxonomic and transferred to small insect boxes for further processing. formations (Vasil’ev, 2005). Differences among or within After processing, the specimens were identified up populations, which depend on several factors such as to species level with available keys (Brenske, 1899; Arrow, geographical, ecologically prevailing conditions and other 1910, 1917; Khan, 1975). About 30 specimens of female and biological characteristics of the species are commonly 20 specimens of male were studied for intraspecific viewed as systematic uniqueness (Willig, et al., 1986). variations. The line diagrams of morphological characters The white grubs that belongs to Scarabaeidae are to differentiate the three populations of H. consanguinea diverse and cosmopolitan, wide spread across the countries. were made using camera lucida attached to WILD Scarabaeidae comproises of 11 subfamilies (Lawrence, and HEERBRUGG TYPE 308700 stereozoom microscope. Newton, 1995) of which eight subfamilies viz., Scarabaeinae, The shape of the body in general and clypeus, Aphodiinae, Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae and pronotum, elytra and abdomen in particular were studied. Cetoninae, Orphininae and Valginaeare present in India. Of Margins of pronotum and clypeus were observed for these, white grubs mainly belong to subfamilies bristles and serrations. Antennae were observed to Melolonthinae and Rutelinae. Melolonthinae is the largest document the exact number of antennal segments and length subfamily that comprises of 750 genera and nearly 11,000 of the club and rest of the segments. Clypeus and frons species worldwide (Houston, and Weir, 1992). Ritcher, (1966) were observed for the punctation patterns. Similarly, recognized eight tribes, while Lawrence and Newton, (1995) pronotum were observed for studying the angles at anterior and Smith and Evans, (2005) recognized 13 tribes and 10 and posterior end. Hind legs were observed for tribes, respectively in Melolonthinae, of which five tribes documenting pattern of hairs, tibial spurs and punctations. viz., Melolonthini, Sericini, Hopliini, Diplotaxini and Acuteness of hind tibial spurs, clawsand tarsomeres were Macrodactylini are major in India. Melolonthini is the largest also studied. In males along with above said characters, we tribe comprising several genera of which Holotrichia (Hope) studied male genitalia specially shape of paramers and is the largest genus. phallobase. It is believed that more than 100 species occur under RESULT AND DISCUSSION Holotrichia and H. consanguinea is one of the major species predominant and present across the country. It is The various characters studied for the variations predominant in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, among three populations in both the sexes of H. consanguinea revealed that there is no variation in antennal KUMAR and SREEDEVI, Intraspecific Variation Studies Among Different Geographical Populations of Holotrichia consanguinea 6869 Fig. 1. Holotrichia consanguinea male. 1. Antenna 2. Maxillary palpi 3. Clypeus 4. Pronotum 5. Scutellum 6.Tibial spurs and tarsal segment 7. Tarsal claw; a. Andhra Pradesh population b. Rajasthan population c. Uttar Pradesh population segments in all three populations in both sexes (Fig 1.1) populations, clypeal carina absent in all three populations and (Fig 2.1). The number of segments and shape of maxillary (Fig 1.3) and (Fig 2.3), clypeal sides parallal in all three palpi showed no significant difference among three populations. There are no pronotal serrations and in all populations (Fig 1.2) and (Fig 2.2). Clypeal emargination three populations of both sexes (Fig 1.4) and (Fig 2.4) both showed no significant difference among the three anterior and posterior angles obtuse in all populations. 6870 Trends in Biosciences 10 (32), 2017 Fig. 2. Holotrichia consanguinea female. 1. Antenna 2. Maxillary palpi 3. Clypeus 4. Pronotum 5. Scutellum 6.Tibial spurs and tarsal segment 7. Tarsal claw; a. Andhra Pradesh population b. Rajasthan population c. Uttar Pradesh population Scutellum broad at anterior and acute at posterior with finely three population (Fig 1.7) and (Fig 2.7). In male genitalia, distributed punctations in all three poplations (Fig 1.5) and the phallobase broader at middle, paramers are symmetrical (Fig 2.5). The hind tibial spurs present either side of first with one chitinized structure showing no variation in all tarsi, blunt in female and sharp in males of all three populations (Fig 3.1,2,3). The morphological characters did population and transverse carina also showed no variation not show any marked variation among three populations in in all the three populations in the both sexes (Fig 1.6) and both the sexes of H. consanguinea. Hence there is no much (Fig 2.6) The tarsal claw showed there is no variation among morphological variation in H. consanguinea populations, KUMAR and SREEDEVI, Intraspecific Variation Studies Among Different Geographical Populations of Holotrichia consanguinea 6871 Fig 3. H. consanguinea 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 3. Uttar Pradesh populations which obtained from different geographical locations but Khan, K. M. 1975. Studies on Indian Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: further studies like morphometric and molecular studies need Scarabaeidae). Thesis submitted towards Doctoral degree to to explore the variation in size and genetic level. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, pp. 66-114. Lawrence, J. F. and Newton, A. F. 1995.Families and subfamilies of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on Financial assistance provided by the Indian Council family-group names). In: Biology, Phylogeny and classification of Agricultural Research is gratefully acknowledged. The of Coleoptera (Pakaluk,, J. and Slipinski, S. A., eds.) authors are indebted to Indian Agricultural Research MuzeumInstytutZoologii PAN, Warszawa. pp.779-1006. Institute, New Delhi for providing laboratory facilities during Ritcher, P. O. 1961. Description of some North Indian scarabaeid the research. larvae (Coleoptera).Indian Journal of Entomology, 23(1): 13- 19 LITERATURE CITED Ritcher, P. O. 1966. White grubs and their allies. A study of north Arrow, G. J. 1910. Lamellicornia I: Cetoniinae and Dynastinae. In: American scarabaeoid larvae. Oregon State Monographs. Oregon The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, State University Press, Corvallis, USA.8: 326-415. Thacker Spink and Co., Calcutta, pp. 322. Smith, A. B. T. and Evans, A. V. 2005. A supplement to the checklist Arrow, G. J. 1917. Lamellicornia II: Rutelinae, Desmonycinae, of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:
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