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Surveying on Prevailing Species of White Grubs

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Surveying on Prevailing Species of White Grubs Trends in Biosciences 11(11), Print : ISSN 0974-8431, 2137-2142, 2018 Surveying on Prevailing Species of White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Different Districts of Western Uttar Pradesh, India RIAZUDDIN1, RINNI SAHRAWAT1, MANISH KUMAR SHARMA1, JAGPAL SINGH1 AND MAYANK KUMAR RAI2 1Foundation for Agricultural Resources Management and Environmental Remediation (FARMER) Voluntary Centre, Ghaziabad, All India Network Project on Soil Arthropods, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) and Recognized as Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (SIRO) by Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chhaulas, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh email : [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT knowledge generated provides insight in to the biology of mixed grub species population in the farms of the study In a survey conducted at 19 locations in the Amroha, region. Often the lack of clarity on the number of species Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Hapur and Muzaffarnagar districts of Western Uttar Pradesh, India to study the with varying biology and lifecycle make the farmers to fear intensity and distribution of white grubs during pre- for the crop loss and resort to uncertain management monsoon and monsoon seasons of 2012 to 2017. Light practices. Earlier reports provide an annotated list of scarab Traps and Pheromone Traps were installed in the nights fauna in western Uttar Pradesh (Mittal I.C., 1999). at each different location in the districts of Amroha, The life cycle of white grubs ranges usually from 1 to Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Hapur and Muzaffarnagar for 2 years, depending on climatic conditions (Tashiro, 1987). assessing scarab beetles activity. All above mentioned Some species have two generations in a year. The sericine districts are sugarcane and vegetables growing districts beetle, Maladera spp., was reported to have two of Western Uttar Pradesh. In the present study, a total generations annually in Israel (Golberg et al., 1989) and number of 9942 White Grub adults were collected and India (Yadav and Sharma, 1995). The average longevity of their taxonomical identification revealed that 27 species adults usually lasts for a month (Tashiro, 1987). The of Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae and Scarabaeinae nocturnal adults beetles emerge generally during May– of Scarabaeidae are observed in farmers fields in Western June from the soil by dusk, and settle on the nearby host Uttar Pradesh. The Melolonthinae species were the most trees like Neem (Azadirachta indica), Bakaayan (Melia abundant followed by Rutelinae. The Holotrichia azedarach), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Guava (Psidium nagpurensis Khan and Ghai (27.46 %) in numbers belongs guajava), Sheesham (Darbergia sissoo), Tun (Toona to Melolonthinae was the predominant species followed by ciliata) Apple (Malus pumila) and plants like wild Rose, (12.70 %) H. serrata (F.) and among the Rutelinae (25.17 Polygonum, etc. for feeding and mating (Yadava, and %) Anomala dimidiata Hope was the dominant species Sharma, 1995). The beetles return to the soil in the morning followed by (4.82 %) A. varicolor Gyllenhal. for oviposition. Incubation period ranges from 4 to 12 days depending on the species. On hatching, larvae in the soil Key words Survey, Distribution, Intensity, Coleoptera: feed on live roots, rootlets and underground stems of plants. Scarabaeidae, Holotrichia nagpurensis, H. The larval period invariably lasts for 3–6 months in annual serrata, Anomala dimidiata, A. varicolor species and still longer in others. This being the longest Dominant Species, Western Uttar Pradesh and most destructive stage, the infestation leads to initial yellowing, stunted growth and subsequent drying and wilting of plants (Joshi et al., 1969). Pupation takes place in White grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) a polyphagous the soil and as soon as the adult emerges, these inhabit the pest of national agricultural importance due to high crop soil for considerable time, and swarm in large numbers after loss inflicted has become increasingly serious pest in first showers. Northern parts of India especially in Western Uttar Pradesh, India for the last few years. Their damage is more MATERIALS AND METHODS pronounced in sugarcane crop resulting in huge loses To find out the prevailing species of white grub at sometimes high as 80-100 % (Thamarai Chelvi et al., 2011). different locations of Western UP, the pilot surveys were Uttar Pradesh state alone accounts for 42.98% of the total conducted by collecting adult beetles using light traps and sugarcane area and 41.31 % of the total production in India. pheromone traps in night hours. As most of the species of The almost entire sugarcane growing area in Western UP is white grub are attracted to light and one commonly found affected by serious infestation of white grub at varying species is Holotrichia consanguinea attracted to the intensity. In majority of the farming situations due to poor pheromone. The light traps and pheromone traps were used control of this pest farmer are largely abandoning sugarcane in the study because beetles were nocturnal in habits. The and other alternate crop cultivation. The root damage to scrub beetles emerge from soil in the night and congregate crops by scarab beetle grubs to roots occasionally on preferred host trees like Neem (Azadirachta indica), necessitates replanting. Bakaayan (Melia azedarach), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), The present study was conducted to ascertain the Guava (Psidium guajava), Sheesham (Darbergia sissoo), location wise prevailing species of white grub to formulate Tun (Toona ciliata) etc. to feed up on the foliage of host species wise strategy for their management of control based trees and for mating. on biology / life cycle of each particular species. The 2138 Trends in Biosciences 11 (11), 2018 Table 1. Location-wise details of white grub beetles collection Sr. Location (villages) / Trap Used Collected Beetles Total Nos. of Beetles and No. district Species* Light Pheromone Light Pheromone Traps Traps Traps Traps May to July, 2012 1. Farota, Amroha 2 4 408 96 504 102 (4 Species) 2. Chandanpur, Amroha 2 4 140 53 193 33 (3 Species) 3. Milak Rawli, 2 4 315 25 340 63 (9 Species) Ghaziabad 4. Pursi, Ghaziabad 2 4 228 28 256 57 (9 Species) 5. Simbhaoli, Hapur 2 4 156 18 174 39 (4 Species) 6. Datiyona, 2 4 123 15 138 23 (7 Species) Muzaffarnagar May to July, 2013 1. Jallopur, Amroha 2 4 376 84 460 50 (2 Species) May to July, 2014 1. Jallopur, Amroha 2 4 268 00 268 181 (1 Species) 2. Sabitgarh, Bulandshahr 2 4 302 00 302 84 (5 Species) 3. Bhupatpur, 2 4 286 63 349 50 (6 Species) Bulandshahr 4. Milak Rawli, 2 4 47 00 47 6 (2 Species) Ghaziabad 5. Pursi, Ghaziabad 2 4 248 21 269 83 (5 Species) 6. Sadarpur, Ghaziabad 2 4 25 00 25 1 (1 Species) 7. Barkhanda, Hapur 2 4 214 00 214 25 (4 Species) 8. Chapkoli, Hapur 2 4 320 75 395 18 (5 Species) 9. Hassupur, Hapur 2 4 133 00 133 65 (3 Species) May to July, 2015 1. Gyaspur, Ghaziabad 4 4 360 125 485 17 (8 Species) 2. Issapur, Ghaziabad 4 4 2399 00 2399 42 (6 Species) 3. Milak Ravali, 4 4 446 00 446 14 (8 Species) Ghaziabad 4. Pursi, Ghaziabad 4 4 335 150 485 23 (8 Species) 5. Khatauli, 4 4 44 00 44 12 (3 Species) Muzaffarnagar May to July, 2016 1. Sabitgarh, Bulandshahr 4 4 22 00 22 12 (4 Species) 2. Paldi, Muzaffarnagar 4 4 298 00 298 34 (8 Species) May to July, 2017 1. Bhojpur, Ghaziabad 4 4 77 00 77 12 (4 Species) 2. Dabana, Ghaziabad 4 4 1473 00 1473 125 (6 Species) 3. Issapur, Ghaziabad 4 4 146 00 146 28 (2 Species) Total 9189 753 9942 1199 *Species identified in visual preliminary screening conducted in FARMER Laboratory. The light traps fitted with DC-powered rechargeable, V., et. al, 2010.). During monitoring activities of scarab had a 6 – 8 watts Mercury Light (ACTINIC BL, PHILIPS), beetles, insects attracted to the light traps were collected funnel trap and insect collection vessel just beneath the into insect collection vessel through a funnel trap. Trapped light, transparent Acrylic sheet barrier, DC to AC convertor scarab beetles were separated from other insects. were used by placing in farmer’s field. Mercury light trap The pheromone traps fitted with Plastic Sheet barrier shows the maximum ability to insect catch (Ramamurthy, V. sponge piece hang with this barrier with wire and funnel RIAZUDDIN et al., Surveying on Prevailing Species of White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Different Districts 2139 Table 2. Location-wise details of Taxonomical Identified White Grub Adults Beetles Collection and Percentage Sl. Subfamily Species Nos. Relative Locations (Districts) No. Abundance (%) 1 Melolonthinae: Holotrichia 817 8.21 Amroha, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Hapur Scarabaeidae consanguinea and Muzaffarnagar Blanchard 2 Holotrichia 2731 27.46 Amroha, Ghaziabad, Hapur and nagpurensis Khan and Muzaffarnagar Ghai 3 Holotrichia serrata 1263 12.70 Amroha, Ghaziabad and Muzaffarnagar (F.) 4 Lepidiota mansueta 42 0.42 Amroha Burmeister 5 Maladera insanabilis 84 0.84 Amroha, Bulandshahr, Hapur and Brenske Muzaffarnagar 6 Schizonycha ruficollis 140 1.40 Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Hapur and (F.) Muzaffarnagar 7 Rutelinae: Adoretus duvauceli 17 0.17 Bulandshahr and Ghaziabad Scarabaeidae Blanchard 8 Adoretus versutus 33 0.33 Ghaziabad Harold 9 Anomala bengalensis 424 4.26 Amroha, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Hapur Blanchard and Muzaffarnagar 10 Anomala dimidiata 2503 25.17 Bulandshahr and Ghaziabad Hope 11 Anomala dorsalis F. 349 3.51 Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Hapur and Muzaffarnagar 12 Anomala polita 3 0.03 Bulandshahr 13 Anomala ruficapilla 134 1.34 Ghaziabad Burmeister 14 Anomala varicolor 480 4.82 Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad and Gyllenhal Muzaffarnagar 15 Dynastinae: Heteronychus 62 0.62 Ghaziabad Scarabaeidae sublaevis Fairmaire 16 Oryctes rhinoceros L. 27 0.27 Ghaziabad and Hapur 17 Pentodon algerinum 80 0.80 Ghaziabad and Muzaffarnagar 18 Pentodon bengalense 93 0.93 Ghaziabad and Muzaffarnagar Arrow 19 Pentodon monodon F.
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