Action to Control White Grub Damage in Turf Grass

WHITE GRUBS OCCUR KEY ACTIONS: ACTION TO CONTROL EXTENSIVELY ACROSS ROTATE INSECTICIDE KEY ACTIONS TO WHITE GRUB DAMAGE THE UAE REGION AND ACTIVITY CONTROL WHITE GRUBS CAN RESULT IN There is some evidence of reduced activity of some IN TURF GRASS DEVASTATING DAMAGE insecticides that have been used repeatedly on the MONITOR ADULT BEETLE FLIGHTS – same area of a golf course – typically experienced PEAK EGG HATCH OCCURS ABOUT A TO GOLF COURSE as shorter duration of residual effects. This has been attributed to enhanced microbial degradation MONTH LATER PLAYING SURFACES of the product applied by certain soil fungi.

To minimise the risk of this developing, USE CUP CUTTER TO SAMPLE FOR superintendents should regularly select products WHITE GRUBS – PULL PLUG, INSPECT, DIRECT FEEDING ACTIVITY ON ROOT with different modes of action - not just a different PLANT ROOTS AFFECTING TURF product name from the same group of chemicals - RECORD NUMBERS AND REPLACE HEALTH AND DIE BACK OF DAMAGE BY for alternate applications; e.g. Meridian form the LARGE PATCHES WHITE GRUBS neonicotinoid group followed by Acelepryn, a chlorantraniliprole active. SELECT HIGH RISK AREAS FOR PRIORITY TREATMENT INDIRECT FEEDING OF BIRDS MONITOR GRUB ACTIVITY AND ANIMALS ON GRUBS SELECT APPROPRIATE CONTROLS CAUSES WIDESPREAD DAMAGE AND APPLY ACCURATELY AT THE Many of today’s insecticides offer far greater residual activity, compared to old organophosphate OPTIMUM TIME or carbamate options. Meridian typically provides four to eight weeks’ control of early grubs, with Acelepryn even longer when applied prior to egg hatch. However, treated areas should continue to be White grubs are the larval stages of a wide monitored for grub activity after application, to range of scarab beetle species. In the region’s counter prolonged egg hatch or grubs moving ideal conditions, some species may have more through the soil profile. Remember, larger third than one generation in a single season, while instar grubs may take longer to die after treatment. others may take two or more years to go REDUCED TURF VIGOUR through their lifecycle – which pose different Less efficient use of water & It may be possible that more than one scarab beetle challenges for superintendents. nutrients + greater susceptibility species could have been active in the area – to stress & disease resulting in a prolonged infestation of white grub, The white grubs feed on thatch, roots, stolons or successive flushes of egg hatches through and crowns of turf plants. The irrigated the season. conditions and density of nurtured golf course turf typically provides the ideal environment Grub monitoring can be focussed on key areas where DID YOU KNOW: for white grub development. grub activity has been seen in the past, or high risk Areas previously damaged by grub, are at an areas. Frequently grub activity is most prevalent on turf close to cultivated flower borders, sunny banks 80% risk of repeat damage! In this case apply or areas that remain permanently moist. Acelepryn as an early preventive (10 weeks PREVIOUS before you expect white grub egg hatch). HIGH RISK FACTORS HISTORY OF MOIST SUNNY FOR WHITE GRUB WHITE GRUB SOILS AREAS DAMAGE INFESTATION: SAMPLING CATCHES OF ADULT BEETLE THATCH ACTIVITY

Syngenta UK Ltd. Registered in England No. 849037. CPC4, Capital Park, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5XE Email: [email protected] Acelepryn®, Meridian® and Qualibra® are Registered Trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. Acelepryn contains chlorantraniliprole. Meridian contains thiamethoxam. All other brand names used are trademarks of other manufacturers in which proprietary rights may exist. Use plant protection products safely. Always read the label and product information before use. For further product information including warning phrases and symbols refer to www.greencastonline.com ©Syngenta AG March 2017. GQ 06944.

Distributed in the UAE by Polyclean LLC, P.O. Box 55023, Dubai UAE Tel: 9714338822 Email: [email protected] Web: www.polycleanme.com/turf-division SCARAB BEETLE SPECIES REPRODUCE BY EGGS LAID IN THE SOIL, WHICH HATCH INTO LARVAE, CALLED WHITE GRUBS. THE LARVAE GO THROUGH THREE MOULTS, PEST MONITORING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL KEY ACTIONS: OR INSTAR STAGES, WITH EACH MOULT GETTING PROGRESSIVELY LARGER AND MORE ROBUST. WHEN CONDITIONS ARE RIGHT, THE LARVAE PUPATE, AND THEN White grub populations should be monitored Several biological controls can reduce white grub regularly if there is suspected risk or history of ITM CONTROL MEASURES populations, to a greater or lesser extent. TARGET WHITE GRUB AT THE EMERGE AS ADULT BEETLES. attacks. Using a golf hole cup changer takes a EARLIEST LIFE-CYCLE STAGES 1 2 sample equal to /10 ft ; multiply x 10 for a grub 2 All chemical controls are most effective on smaller count per ft . Take several samples for a MOISTURE MANAGEMENT PARASITIC WASPS larvae – resulting in a faster and more complete representative average count. Dry soils during key points of the scarab beetle ATTACK WHITE kill. Rapid kill minimises the extent of feeding lifecycle - particularly the young larval stage - GRUBS AND CAN damage. Results on larger, second and third instar ADULT could reduce grub populations. However, turf EFFECTIVELY stages are progressively slower and with reduced quality can suffer in drought conditions. REDUCE NUMBERS overall efficacy. In this situation Meridian would be WHERE THEY ARE the product of choice. Conversely, providing ample water and nutrients PRESENT. to keep turf growing strongly could enable plants Routine preventative applications are not to outgrow a low to moderate level of grub recommended. However, where monitoring has feeding damage. However, wasp numbers typically take several revealed activity of adult beetles, or previous PUPA years to build up, by which time extensive history of grub damage, the use of a longer lasting EGG GRUB COUNT TURF GRASS EFFECTS damage may have occurred. Furthermore, while residual insecticide, such as Meridian or Acelepryn <6 per ft2 Effects can generally be outgrown the risk of people being stung by these large - timed to coincide with peak egg hatch and early grub activity - could be justified. in good conditions wasp species is low, their presence on the course 6-10 per ft2 Damage can occur, particularly on is unwelcome for golfers. susceptible grass species or under stressful conditions CHEMICAL CONTROL White grubs are fatally susceptible to certain APPLICATION CONDITIONS 10-20 per ft2 Phanibacillus bacterium. It has been possible to Significant turf damage will occur 20-60 per ft2 Rapid turf damage, particularly if cultivate specific strains of the bacterium, to second or third instar stages Chemical controls offer an effective route to apply directly to the turf and target white grubs. Best results will be achieved when grub activity minimise direct feeding effects of white grubs However, three to five years of repeated is near the soil surface and in contact with the Adult scarab beetle numbers can also be and, by reducing grub numbers, the subsequent application has been required to build up levels in applied insecticide. Irrigation prior to, and soon LIFE monitored with light traps. Recording the number damage from predators searching for food. the soil and, even then, the pathogen is relatively after application, will optimise grub activity in of beetle captures once or twice a week will Used as part of an Integrated Pest Management weak with infection rates no more than 25%. the target zone. quickly build a picture of activity, including the programme, Meridian and Acelepryn can protect CYCLE time of peak emergence and predominant egg plant health and playing surface quality. Artificial application of different parasitic laying. Eggs typically hatch in 14 to 21 days; with nematodes have been shown to be effective optimum control timing three to four weeks after against white grubs. Results with the different peak adult activity to best target young grubs. nematode species have been variable; generally less than 50%, but up to 80% with others. Parasitic nematodes do not appear to be effective from one year to the next and need to be TARGET ZONE reapplied each season. OPTIMUM APPLICATION TIMING LARVA LARVA Deep thatch, over 25mm, can interfere with the movement of insecticide active into the target NEW-R&D TOPIC zone. Removing any build-up of thatch will reduce conditions conducive to grub activity, and improve New Syngenta research is looking at the potential the performance of insecticide treatments. beneficial effects of Qualibra wetting agent programmes to maintain a firm, dry surface that is Application using the Syngenta XC 08 Nozzle will THE LARVAE FEED VORACIOUSLY ON ROOTS AND PLANT MATTER IN THE unfavourable to grubs and better for play, while deliver optimum water volume for spray treatment SOIL, WITH THE FASTER GROWING SPECIES – SUCH AS HETERONYCHUS also retaining moisture deeper and evenly in the to reach the target zone, typically 600 to 800 l/ha. LICAS AND MALADERA INSANABILIS - PARTICULARLY DAMAGING. WHITE soil profile that can improve root development and The ultra-low drift nozzle design will also ensure GRUB ATTACKS CAN BE SPORADIC AND TRIGGERED BY A SUDDEN promote turf health that is better able to minimal risk of spray drift and maximum product INCREASE IN LOCAL BEETLE POPULATIONS OR WEATHER CONDITIONS. 0 DAYS 14-21 DAYS 21-28 DAYS withstand grub feeding damage. retention in the treatment target zone. PEAK ADULT EGGS HATCH OPTIMUM APPLICATION BEETLE CATCH TIMING SCARAB BEETLE SPECIES REPRODUCE BY EGGS LAID IN THE SOIL, WHICH HATCH INTO LARVAE, CALLED WHITE GRUBS. THE LARVAE GO THROUGH THREE MOULTS, PEST MONITORING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL KEY ACTIONS: OR INSTAR STAGES, WITH EACH MOULT GETTING PROGRESSIVELY LARGER AND MORE ROBUST. WHEN CONDITIONS ARE RIGHT, THE LARVAE PUPATE, AND THEN White grub populations should be monitored Several biological controls can reduce white grub regularly if there is suspected risk or history of ITM CONTROL MEASURES populations, to a greater or lesser extent. TARGET WHITE GRUB AT THE EMERGE AS ADULT BEETLES. attacks. Using a golf hole cup changer takes a EARLIEST LIFE-CYCLE STAGES 1 2 sample equal to /10 ft ; multiply x 10 for a grub 2 All chemical controls are most effective on smaller count per ft . Take several samples for a MOISTURE MANAGEMENT PARASITIC WASPS larvae – resulting in a faster and more complete representative average count. Dry soils during key points of the scarab beetle ATTACK WHITE kill. Rapid kill minimises the extent of feeding lifecycle - particularly the young larval stage - GRUBS AND CAN damage. Results on larger, second and third instar ADULT could reduce grub populations. However, turf EFFECTIVELY stages are progressively slower and with reduced quality can suffer in drought conditions. REDUCE NUMBERS overall efficacy. In this situation Meridian would be WHERE THEY ARE the product of choice. Conversely, providing ample water and nutrients PRESENT. to keep turf growing strongly could enable plants Routine preventative applications are not to outgrow a low to moderate level of grub recommended. However, where monitoring has feeding damage. However, wasp numbers typically take several revealed activity of adult beetles, or previous PUPA years to build up, by which time extensive history of grub damage, the use of a longer lasting EGG GRUB COUNT TURF GRASS EFFECTS damage may have occurred. Furthermore, while residual insecticide, such as Meridian or Acelepryn <6 per ft2 Effects can generally be outgrown the risk of people being stung by these large - timed to coincide with peak egg hatch and early grub activity - could be justified. in good conditions wasp species is low, their presence on the course 6-10 per ft2 Damage can occur, particularly on is unwelcome for golfers. susceptible grass species or under stressful conditions CHEMICAL CONTROL White grubs are fatally susceptible to certain APPLICATION CONDITIONS 10-20 per ft2 Phanibacillus bacterium. It has been possible to Significant turf damage will occur 20-60 per ft2 Rapid turf damage, particularly if cultivate specific strains of the bacterium, to second or third instar stages Chemical controls offer an effective route to apply directly to the turf and target white grubs. Best results will be achieved when grub activity minimise direct feeding effects of white grubs However, three to five years of repeated is near the soil surface and in contact with the Adult scarab beetle numbers can also be and, by reducing grub numbers, the subsequent application has been required to build up levels in applied insecticide. Irrigation prior to, and soon LIFE monitored with light traps. Recording the number damage from predators searching for food. the soil and, even then, the pathogen is relatively after application, will optimise grub activity in of beetle captures once or twice a week will Used as part of an Integrated Pest Management weak with infection rates no more than 25%. the target zone. quickly build a picture of activity, including the programme, Meridian and Acelepryn can protect CYCLE time of peak emergence and predominant egg plant health and playing surface quality. Artificial application of different parasitic laying. Eggs typically hatch in 14 to 21 days; with nematodes have been shown to be effective optimum control timing three to four weeks after against white grubs. Results with the different peak adult activity to best target young grubs. nematode species have been variable; generally less than 50%, but up to 80% with others. Parasitic nematodes do not appear to be effective from one year to the next and need to be TARGET ZONE reapplied each season. OPTIMUM APPLICATION TIMING LARVA LARVA Deep thatch, over 25mm, can interfere with the movement of insecticide active into the target NEW-R&D TOPIC zone. Removing any build-up of thatch will reduce conditions conducive to grub activity, and improve New Syngenta research is looking at the potential the performance of insecticide treatments. beneficial effects of Qualibra wetting agent programmes to maintain a firm, dry surface that is Application using the Syngenta XC 08 Nozzle will THE LARVAE FEED VORACIOUSLY ON ROOTS AND PLANT MATTER IN THE unfavourable to grubs and better for play, while deliver optimum water volume for spray treatment SOIL, WITH THE FASTER GROWING SPECIES – SUCH AS HETERONYCHUS also retaining moisture deeper and evenly in the to reach the target zone, typically 600 to 800 l/ha. LICAS AND MALADERA INSANABILIS - PARTICULARLY DAMAGING. WHITE soil profile that can improve root development and The ultra-low drift nozzle design will also ensure GRUB ATTACKS CAN BE SPORADIC AND TRIGGERED BY A SUDDEN promote turf health that is better able to minimal risk of spray drift and maximum product INCREASE IN LOCAL BEETLE POPULATIONS OR WEATHER CONDITIONS. 0 DAYS 14-21 DAYS 21-28 DAYS withstand grub feeding damage. retention in the treatment target zone. PEAK ADULT EGGS HATCH OPTIMUM APPLICATION BEETLE CATCH TIMING SCARAB BEETLE SPECIES REPRODUCE BY EGGS LAID IN THE SOIL, WHICH HATCH INTO LARVAE, CALLED WHITE GRUBS. THE LARVAE GO THROUGH THREE MOULTS, PEST MONITORING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL KEY ACTIONS: OR INSTAR STAGES, WITH EACH MOULT GETTING PROGRESSIVELY LARGER AND MORE ROBUST. WHEN CONDITIONS ARE RIGHT, THE LARVAE PUPATE, AND THEN White grub populations should be monitored Several biological controls can reduce white grub regularly if there is suspected risk or history of ITM CONTROL MEASURES populations, to a greater or lesser extent. TARGET WHITE GRUB AT THE EMERGE AS ADULT BEETLES. attacks. Using a golf hole cup changer takes a EARLIEST LIFE-CYCLE STAGES 1 2 sample equal to /10 ft ; multiply x 10 for a grub 2 All chemical controls are most effective on smaller count per ft . Take several samples for a MOISTURE MANAGEMENT PARASITIC WASPS larvae – resulting in a faster and more complete representative average count. Dry soils during key points of the scarab beetle ATTACK WHITE kill. Rapid kill minimises the extent of feeding lifecycle - particularly the young larval stage - GRUBS AND CAN damage. Results on larger, second and third instar ADULT could reduce grub populations. However, turf EFFECTIVELY stages are progressively slower and with reduced quality can suffer in drought conditions. REDUCE NUMBERS overall efficacy. In this situation Meridian would be WHERE THEY ARE the product of choice. Conversely, providing ample water and nutrients PRESENT. to keep turf growing strongly could enable plants Routine preventative applications are not to outgrow a low to moderate level of grub recommended. However, where monitoring has feeding damage. However, wasp numbers typically take several revealed activity of adult beetles, or previous PUPA years to build up, by which time extensive history of grub damage, the use of a longer lasting EGG GRUB COUNT TURF GRASS EFFECTS damage may have occurred. Furthermore, while residual insecticide, such as Meridian or Acelepryn <6 per ft2 Effects can generally be outgrown the risk of people being stung by these large - timed to coincide with peak egg hatch and early grub activity - could be justified. in good conditions wasp species is low, their presence on the course 6-10 per ft2 Damage can occur, particularly on is unwelcome for golfers. susceptible grass species or under stressful conditions CHEMICAL CONTROL White grubs are fatally susceptible to certain APPLICATION CONDITIONS 10-20 per ft2 Phanibacillus bacterium. It has been possible to Significant turf damage will occur 20-60 per ft2 Rapid turf damage, particularly if cultivate specific strains of the bacterium, to second or third instar stages Chemical controls offer an effective route to apply directly to the turf and target white grubs. Best results will be achieved when grub activity minimise direct feeding effects of white grubs However, three to five years of repeated is near the soil surface and in contact with the Adult scarab beetle numbers can also be and, by reducing grub numbers, the subsequent application has been required to build up levels in applied insecticide. Irrigation prior to, and soon LIFE monitored with light traps. Recording the number damage from predators searching for food. the soil and, even then, the pathogen is relatively after application, will optimise grub activity in of beetle captures once or twice a week will Used as part of an Integrated Pest Management weak with infection rates no more than 25%. the target zone. quickly build a picture of activity, including the programme, Meridian and Acelepryn can protect CYCLE time of peak emergence and predominant egg plant health and playing surface quality. Artificial application of different parasitic laying. Eggs typically hatch in 14 to 21 days; with nematodes have been shown to be effective optimum control timing three to four weeks after against white grubs. Results with the different peak adult activity to best target young grubs. nematode species have been variable; generally less than 50%, but up to 80% with others. Parasitic nematodes do not appear to be effective from one year to the next and need to be TARGET ZONE reapplied each season. OPTIMUM APPLICATION TIMING LARVA LARVA Deep thatch, over 25mm, can interfere with the movement of insecticide active into the target NEW-R&D TOPIC zone. Removing any build-up of thatch will reduce conditions conducive to grub activity, and improve New Syngenta research is looking at the potential the performance of insecticide treatments. beneficial effects of Qualibra wetting agent programmes to maintain a firm, dry surface that is Application using the Syngenta XC 08 Nozzle will THE LARVAE FEED VORACIOUSLY ON ROOTS AND PLANT MATTER IN THE unfavourable to grubs and better for play, while deliver optimum water volume for spray treatment SOIL, WITH THE FASTER GROWING SPECIES – SUCH AS HETERONYCHUS also retaining moisture deeper and evenly in the to reach the target zone, typically 600 to 800 l/ha. LICAS AND MALADERA INSANABILIS - PARTICULARLY DAMAGING. WHITE soil profile that can improve root development and The ultra-low drift nozzle design will also ensure GRUB ATTACKS CAN BE SPORADIC AND TRIGGERED BY A SUDDEN promote turf health that is better able to minimal risk of spray drift and maximum product INCREASE IN LOCAL BEETLE POPULATIONS OR WEATHER CONDITIONS. 0 DAYS 14-21 DAYS 21-28 DAYS withstand grub feeding damage. retention in the treatment target zone. PEAK ADULT EGGS HATCH OPTIMUM APPLICATION BEETLE CATCH TIMING WHITE GRUBS OCCUR KEY ACTIONS: ACTION TO CONTROL EXTENSIVELY ACROSS ROTATE INSECTICIDE KEY ACTIONS TO WHITE GRUB DAMAGE THE UAE REGION AND ACTIVITY CONTROL WHITE GRUBS CAN RESULT IN There is some evidence of reduced activity of some IN TURF GRASS DEVASTATING DAMAGE insecticides that have been used repeatedly on the MONITOR ADULT BEETLE FLIGHTS – same area of a golf course – typically experienced PEAK EGG HATCH OCCURS ABOUT A TO GOLF COURSE as shorter duration of residual effects. This has been attributed to enhanced microbial degradation MONTH LATER PLAYING SURFACES of the product applied by certain soil fungi.

Distributed in the UAE by Polyclean LLC, P.O. Box 55023, Dubai UAE Tel: 9714338822 Email: [email protected] Web: www.polycleanme.com/turf-division WHITE GRUBS OCCUR KEY ACTIONS: ACTION TO CONTROL EXTENSIVELY ACROSS ROTATE INSECTICIDE KEY ACTIONS TO WHITE GRUB DAMAGE THE UAE REGION AND ACTIVITY CONTROL WHITE GRUBS CAN RESULT IN There is some evidence of reduced activity of some IN TURF GRASS DEVASTATING DAMAGE insecticides that have been used repeatedly on the MONITOR ADULT BEETLE FLIGHTS – same area of a golf course – typically experienced PEAK EGG HATCH OCCURS ABOUT A TO GOLF COURSE as shorter duration of residual effects. This has been attributed to enhanced microbial degradation MONTH LATER PLAYING SURFACES of the product applied by certain soil fungi.

Distributed in the UAE by Polyclean LLC, P.O. Box 55023, Dubai UAE Tel: 9714338822 Email: [email protected] Web: www.polycleanme.com/turf-division