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The Potential of Entomopathogens in Biological Control of White Grubs

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The Potential of Entomopathogens in Biological Control of White Grubs See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328655437 The potential of entomopathogens in biological control of white grubs Article · November 2018 CITATIONS READS 0 558 7 authors, including: Saurbh Soni Sumit Vashisth CSK HPKV Palampur Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry 6 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS 38 PUBLICATIONS 39 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Mandeep Pathania Pawan K Mehta Punjab Agricultural University CSK HPKV Palampur 38 PUBLICATIONS 56 CITATIONS 101 PUBLICATIONS 274 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Insect Pest Management of Citrus View project Doctoral Research View project All content following this page was uploaded by Mandeep Pathania on 17 January 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. International Journal of Pest Management ISSN: 0967-0874 (Print) 1366-5863 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ttpm20 The potential of entomopathogens in biological control of white grubs Ravinder S. Chandel, Saurbh Soni, Sumit Vashisth, Mandeep Pathania, Pawan K. Mehta, Abhishek Rana, Ashok Bhatnagar & V. K. Agrawal To cite this article: Ravinder S. Chandel, Saurbh Soni, Sumit Vashisth, Mandeep Pathania, Pawan K. Mehta, Abhishek Rana, Ashok Bhatnagar & V. K. Agrawal (2018): The potential of entomopathogens in biological control of white grubs, International Journal of Pest Management, DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2018.1524183 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2018.1524183 Published online: 10 Oct 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 109 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ttpm20 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2018.1524183 The potential of entomopathogens in biological control of white grubs Ravinder S. Chandela, Saurbh Sonia, Sumit Vashisthb, Mandeep Pathaniac, Pawan K. Mehtaa, Abhishek Ranaa, Ashok Bhatnagard and V. K. Agrawale aDepartment of Entomology, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; bDivision of Entomology, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; cPunjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Abohar, Punjab, India; dRajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; eSchool of Agriculture, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY White grubs are highly polyphagous and most destructive soil pests inflicting damage to a Received 23 February 2017 wide variety of crops. In India, more than 1000 species of white grubs are known of which Revised 15 July 2018 over 40 species attack wide range of plants. White grubs are naturally infected by various Accepted 7 September 2018 entomopathogens which include fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Entomopathogenic fungi KEYWORDS offer great potential and members of genera Beauveria and Metarhizium are widely used Biological control; against white grubs. Several commercial products of entomopathogenic fungi like Bio Green, entomopathogenic bacteria; ORY-X, Grub X 10G, Betel, Biotrol FMA and Meta-Guard have been developed for the control entomopathogenic fungi; of white grubs. In India, good control of white grubs in paddy, ginger and sugarcane has entomopathogenic nemato- been achieved with different entomofungi. Among EPNs, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora des; white grubs is moderately effective against Popillia japonica and Rhizotrogus majalis. H. indica and H. bacteriophora are effective against potato white grubs in India. Paenibacillus popilliae cause milky disease in P. japonica grubs. The bacterium is pathogenic to Holotrichia consanguinea, H. serrata and Leucopholis lepidophora. In north-western Himalaya, B. cereus is highly toxic to the grubs of H. seticollis and Anomala dimidiata. 1. Introduction category of five national pests (Misra and Chandla 1989), and are reported from every state causing The superfamily Scarabaeoidea contains a large damage to a wide variety of cultivated crops. Yadava number of species whose larvae live in the soil and are commonly known as white grubs. As many spe- and Sharma (1995) reported that Holotrichia serrata cies of white grubs are root feeders, they are also Fab., Holotrichia consanguinea Blanch., Holotrichia known as rootgrubs, but not all white grubs are longipennis Blanch., Brahmina coriacea (Hope), rootgrubs (Gardner 1935).The white grubs are Holotrichia seticollis Moser, Anomala dimidiata found chiefly in grasslands feeding on roots of vari- (Hope), Holotrichia reynaudi Blanch., Leucopholis ous plants. Others grow on decaying organic matter lepidophora Blanch., Leucopholis coneophora Brum., (Misra and Chandel 2003). They live concealed and Melolontha spp and Lepidiota spp are the key pest sudden increase in their population takes up in pla- species that attack different plants in different ces having enough food and least soil-disturbance regions of the country. (Chandel and Kashyap 1997). The white grubs cause The current method for the control of white extensive damage to the roots of grasses, legumes, grubs is through the use of chemical pesticides. small fruit plants, shrubs and trees in many parts of However, concern about safety, environmental con- the world (Pathania 2014). Larvae of greatest eco- tamination and poor efficacy of recommended nomic importance belong mainly to the tribe insecticides has increased the need to develop IPM Melolonthini (Ritcher 1958). The first known white approaches for these pests (Kumawat 2001). The grub damage to crops in India is that by Stebbing naturally occurring entomopathogens (fungi, nemat- (1902) from Punjab. More than 1000 species of odes, bacteria and viruses) are important compo- white grubs are known from the Indian sub-contin- nents in the soil ecosystem which brings about ent of which over 40 species attack a wide range effective suppression of soil pests in nature. We of crop plants (Veeresh et al. 1991). First major provide an overview of microbial control of white epidemic of white grubs in India was reported grubs in different crops with special reference to in sugarcane from Bihar during 1956 (Gupta and fungi, nematodes and bacteria and their future Avasthy 1956). They have now been included in the prospects in white grub management. CONTACT Saurbh Soni [email protected] ß 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2 R. S. CHANDEL ET AL. 2. Nature of injury and economic importance included with entomopathogens, because most of of white grubs them are associated with insect-pathogenic bacteria (Dhaliwal and Koul 2007). Under certain favourable All white grubs are polyphagous and they can feed situations, they cause disease epizootics in the field. on any root or underground stem (Veeresh 1988). Disease is common in dense insect populations and The first stage larvae feed in part on organic matter under environmental conditions suitable to the in the soil, while the second and third instar grubs microorganisms and entomopathogenic nematodes. feed largely on roots or underground stems. The However, at low host density, disease incidence is economic importance of chafers is primarily due to often low due to lack of contact between the patho- feeding activity of the third instar grubs (Chandel et al. 2015). Grubs prefer to feed on fibrous roots gens and their insect hosts (Gullan and Cranston for normal growth and the crops with a tap root 2005). The infected insects are unable to feed prop- system suffer more as compared to those with an erly, remain stunted, lose their body colour and adventitious root system (Yadava and Vijayvergia become paralysed (Singh 1991). Arora et al. (2000) 2000). In general, the underground parts of all reported that entomopathogens exert a controlling plants are susceptible to grub feeding. The symptom effect on grubs by means of their invasive proper- of the damage is root pruning by grubs thereby ties, toxins, enzymes and other substances. showing varying degrees of wilting, yellowing and Entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes have browning, followed by death of the plant. In crops received more attention than other groups of micro- such as potato and ginger, large holes are inflicted bial organisms with potential for use in the manage- on the tubers or rhizomes which are then rendered ment of white grubs. Yadava and Sharma (1995) unfit for marketing. Mehta et al. (2010) reported have reported that several microorganisms such ¼ that almost all field crops grown during the rainy as Paenibacillus ( Bacillus) popilliae (Dutky), season, viz. potato, vegetables, groundnut, sugar- Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, cane, maize, pearl millet, sorghum, cowpea, pigeon Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., B. brongniartii pea, green grass, cluster bean, soybean, rajmash (Saccardo), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (kidney beans), upland rice, ginger etc are damaged 1976, Steinernema glaseri (Steiner 1929) and by white grubs. Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev 1934) are pathogenic to In India, the grubs of H. consanguinea are of white grubs and are effective in suppressing their major economic importance attacking groundnut population under field conditions. The present and sugarcane in Rajasthan, Bihar, Gujarat, Uttar review highlights the major developments of last 3-4 Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. In endemic areas,
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