DOCSLIB.ORG

Microbial Pesticides

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Microbial Pesticides Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Agriculture in South Asia Editors W.A.R.T. Wickramaarachchi SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) Dhaka, Bangladesh Malvika Chaudhary Plantwise Asia, CABI-South Asia New Delhi, India Jagadeesh Patil ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bengaluru, India SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) i Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Agriculture in South Asia SAARC Regional Expert Consultation on Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Agriculture in South Asia, 21-23 August 2017, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bengaluru, India Editors W.A.R.T. Wickramaarachchi SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC), Dhaka, Bangladesh Malvika Chaudhary Plantwise Asia, CABI-South Asia, New Delhi, India Jagadeesh Patil ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR) Bengaluru, India December 2017 @ 2017 SAARC Agriculture Centre Published by the SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, BARC Complex, Farmgate, New Airport Road, Dhaka -1215, Bangladesh (www.sac.org.bd) All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the publisher Citation Wickramaarachchi, W.A.R.T., Chaudhary, M. and Patil, J. (Eds). 2017. Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Agriculture in South Asia. SAARC Agriculture Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 226 pp Available online through www.sac.org.bd This book contains the papers and proceedings of the SAARC Regional Expert Consultation on Facilitating microbial pesticides use in agriculture in South Asia jointly organized by SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC), ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR) and The Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) at National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bengaluru, India from 21-23 August 2017. The experts for country paper presentations were the representative of their respective governments. Other experts selected for technical paper presentations have spoken in their personal capacities. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of SAC especially concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN 978-984-34-3449-4 Cover Design: Mafruha Begum Price US$ 10 for SAARC countries US$ 50 for other countries Printed by Natundhara Printing Press, 277/3, Elephant Road (1st Floor), Kataban Dhal, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh ii Foreword South Asia’s agriculture is highly diverse in term of farm size, crops and productivity due to diversity of geographic and climate in the region. Crop protection in South Asia is predominately based on chemical pesticides in spite of its adverse effects of human health and environment. Concurrent with the removal of some of the highly toxic compounds has been the development of alternative crop protection approaches such as integrated pest management (IPM) which can accommodate the use of microbial pesticides as an integral component. Though there has been considerable research and development activities focused on microbial pesticides by research institutions of SAARC countries, the registered products coming out and extent of agricultural lands under microbial pesticide use is negligible in most countries except India. The increasing consumer demand for health food commodities without pesticide residues and global export horticultural standards are the drivers for microbial pesticide use. However, the microbial pesticide use in South Asia is lagged behind compared to other regions. The consultation was organized to understand the modalities which support the use of microbial pesticides in South Asia. National Focal Point Experts from SAARC Member Countries and a couple of invited experts shared their knowledge and experiences towards the facilitating of microbial pesticide use in the South Asia. It was evident that production and availability of microbial pesticides are not issues in most cases. But there is technology gap on storage, packaging, delivery and application. Further regulatory hurdles, registration formalities, Intellectual Property Rights, export/import, political interference and several other concerns are required due attention and regional harmonization for facilitating the microbial pesticide uses. I strongly believe this publication titled “Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Agriculture in South Asia” is a comprehensive overview of microbial pesticide production, registration, regulation and use in South Asia and bring out value recommendations for facilitating the microbial pesticide use in South Asia. Dr S.M. Bokhtiar Director SAARC Agriculture Centre iii iv Contents FORWARD iii ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS Chapter 1 Facilitating the Microbial Pesticide Use in 1 Agriculture in South Asia: A Regional Overview W.A.R.T. Wickramaarachchi COUNTRY PAPERS Chapter 2 Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in 38 Afghanistan Ghulam Mohammad Saedi Chapter 3 Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in 54 Bangladesh Kbd Amitava Das Chapter 4 Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Bhutan 66 Pema Tobagy Chapter 5 Development and Use of Microbial 79 Bio-pesticides in India Rajan, Mohan, Jagadeesh Patil, Mahesh S. Yandigeri and Aravindaram Kandan Chapter 6 Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Maldives 107 Hussain Farah Chapter 7 Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Nepal 116 Dinesh Babu Tiwari Chapter 8 Current Status of Microbial Pesticide Use in Sri 132 Lanka U.S.K. Abeysinghe INVITED PAPERS 150 ABSTRACTS OF INVITED PRESENTATIONS 182 Chapter 9 Proceedings of Consultation 198 Concept Note 212 Program 215 List of Participants 218 Glimpses of Consultation 221 v Chapter 1 Facilitating Microbial Pesticide Use in Agriculture in South Asia: A Regional Overview W.A.R.T. Wickramaarachchi SAARC Agriculture Centre, BARC Complex, Farmgate Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] Abstract Reliance on chemical pesticides for crop production has caused several detrimental effects such as pesticide resistance, pest resurgence and outbreak of secondary pests which reflect the repeated and over use of chemical pesticides to achieve the expected level of control. To overcome the hazards associated with chemical pesticides, the use of bio- pesticides which are derived from plants and microorganisms is increasingly being adopted. Out of all the bio-pesticides used today, microbial bio-pesticides constitute the largest group of broad-spectrum bio-pesticides. Microbial control agents based on naturally occurring fungi, bacteria, viruses or nematodes have offered some realistic alternatives to chemical pesticides. Microbial pesticides have gained attention because of their relatively low toxicity, potential for local production and compatibility with smallholder farming. However, the widespread use of microbial pesticides in South Asia has been restricted owing to various constraints at the developmental, registration and production levels. Efficacy of microbial pesticide in field is highly dependent on the environment conditions. There are potential problems associated with contamination, formulation potency, attenuation of pesticide activity and shelf life. To deal with all these aspects require equipment, expertise, material and capital. Microbial pesticides are regulated by systems designed originally for chemical pesticides that have created market entry barriers by imposing burdensome costs on the microbial pesticide industry. Regulatory authorities generally require bulk information on a microbial pesticide for characterization, assessing its potential risks on human and environment and confirming its effectiveness against pest. There are no properly defined and harmonized regulatory procedures for microbial pesticides in most of South Asian counties. Lack of regional harmonization in enabling regulations is one of the most important barriers to the wider implementation of microbial pesticides. Couple of areas has to be strengthened for facilitating and microbial pesticide development and adaptation. They include increasing the product range aiming the major plant protection issues, development 1 of resilient microbes, ensuring the quality and quantity available in the market, improving storage and quality control, introducing policies to promote microbial pest control strategies, ensuring favorable intellectual property rights for researching, create a healthy regulatory environment, regulatory harmonization across the region and encouraging public private partnerships to attract more SMEs into the microbial pesticide industry. Key words: Microbial pesticides, registration, regulation, commercialization Introduction The world population is projected to grow by 34 percent from 6.8 billion today to 9.1 billion in 2050. In order to meet the demand of increasing population, the global demand for food, feed and fiber is expected to grow by 70 percent while crops may also be increasingly used for bio- energy and other industrial purposes. It is estimated that demand for food in South Asian region will increase by 40 percent by 2050 due to rapid population growth along with climate volatility. At present, South Asia is home for 27 present of global population. Further, 40 percent of poor people and 35 percent
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A
    Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research Julien Thézé, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Jenny Cory, Elisabeth Herniou To cite this version: Julien Thézé, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Jenny Cory, Elisabeth Herniou. Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research. Viruses, MDPI, 2018, 10 (7), pp.366. 10.3390/v10070366. hal-02140538 HAL Id: hal-02140538 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02140538 Submitted on 26 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License viruses Article Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research Julien Thézé 1,2, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde 1,3 ID , Jenny S. Cory 4 and Elisabeth A. Herniou 1,* ID 1 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS—Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Ag. Ento. 3.1 Fundamentals of Entomology Credit Ours: (2+1=3) THEORY Part – I 1
    Ag. Ento. 3.1 Fundamentals of Entomology Ag. Ento. 3.1 Fundamentals of Entomology Credit ours: (2+1=3) THEORY Part – I 1. History of Entomology in India. 2. Factors for insect‘s abundance. Major points related to dominance of Insecta in Animal kingdom. 3. Classification of phylum Arthropoda up to classes. Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda. Harmful and useful insects. Part – II 4. Morphology: Structure and functions of insect cuticle, moulting and body segmentation. 5. Structure of Head, thorax and abdomen. 6. Structure and modifications of insect antennae 7. Structure and modifications of insect mouth parts 8. Structure and modifications of insect legs, wing venation, modifications and wing coupling apparatus. 9. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects. Types of larvae and pupae. Part – III 10. Structure of male and female genital organs 11. Structure and functions of digestive system 12. Excretory system 13. Circulatory system 14. Respiratory system 15. Nervous system, secretary (Endocrine) and Major sensory organs 16. Reproductive systems in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. MID TERM EXAMINATION Part – IV 17. Systematics: Taxonomy –importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature. 18. Definitions of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Classification of class Insecta up to Orders. Major characteristics of orders. Basic groups of present day insects with special emphasis to orders and families of Agricultural importance like 19. Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae; 20. Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; 21. Isoptera: Termitidae; Thysanoptera: Thripidae; 22. Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Lophophidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae; 23. Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturnidae, Bombycidae; 24.
    [Show full text]
  • Pheromones in Lepidopteran Insects: Types, Production, JPP 2017; 6(5): 2552-2558 Received: 12-07-2017 Reception and Its Application Accepted: 13-08-2017
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(5): 2552-2558 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Pheromones in lepidopteran insects: Types, production, JPP 2017; 6(5): 2552-2558 Received: 12-07-2017 reception and its application Accepted: 13-08-2017 Mushtaq A Ganai Mushtaq A Ganai, Zakir H Khan and Mudasir A Dar Division of Entomology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Abstract Technology of Kashmir, The to semiochemicals that are released by one member of a species and evoke a specific reaction or Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and reactions from members of the same species. Pheromones are known for both the specificity and the Kashmir, India potency of their actions. Lepidopteran pheromones were the first to be widely studied and include a huge collection of mostly female based pheromones. Female typically produce long range, fatty acid derived Zakir H Khan molecules that function over long distances, where as male tend to produce close-range courtship Division of Entomology compounds that are often very similar in structure to plant secondary metabolites. After knowing the Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and nature of pheinsect’s universe is filled with many odours. One of these odours is called pheromone, a Technology of Kashmir, term commonly applied romones and their potential for pest control along with the future prospective of Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and pheromone technique in agriculture in India, it is highly recommended to enhance availability of Kashmir, India pheromone in market, invest more in research and development and introduce newly identified pheromone for management of specific pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomology) Onwards Google Meet) on 15Th May, 2021 at 10 Am Participants: I
    Board of Studies Meeting (Department of Organised virtually (on Entomology) onwards google meet) on 15th May, 2021 at 10 am Participants: I. Prof. Nand Lal, Deppt. of life 2. Prof. C. P. science, CSJM Srivastav, Professor of University, Kanpur 3. Prof.Y. P. Entomology, B.H.U. Malik, Professor Varanasi of Entomology, CSA Kanpur Univ. of Agri. and Tech. 4. Dr. Dev Narayan Singh, Associate Professor, of College, Bakewar (Etawah) Deptt. Entomology, Janta 5. Dr. B. B. Singh, Assistant Professor, Mahavidyalay, Ajitmal (Auraiya) Deptt. of Entomology, Janta 6. Dr. Mahesh Prasad Yadav, Convenor and Associate Horticulture, Janta professor, Deptt. of College, Bakewar (Etawah) Minutes Of Meeting: BOS mecting of of deptt. Entomology was held to New Education adapt syllabus as under Policy (NEP 2020) with the suggested the presence of various renowed subjects. The outcomes of experts of meetings are as under. 1. Syllabus under suggested NEP 2020 is and implementation. accepted recommended for 2. Prof. Suggestions given by C. P. Srivastav and Prof. Y. minor P. Malik regarding ammendments and corrections have been 3. incorporated. Website names as well as books names have also been syllabus adapted by board. suggested in the 4. Board also that as the suggested per norms of ICAR the name of should be "Entomology". Department 5. Board also that master suggested degree in subject will be "M. Sc. Entomology" (Ag.) Enclosures: Corrected final of syllabus Entomology for B. Sc. (Ag.) programme. Prepared by: Dr. Dev Narayan Singh Convenor Dr. M. P. Yadav Department of Entomology Sr. Course semester No. code Name of papers AG-203 II Credit hrs.
    [Show full text]
  • IDENTIFICATION of the SEX PHEROMONE of Holotrichia Reynaudi
    P1: GDX/GDP Journal of Chemical Ecology [joec] pp414-joec-368127 February 19, 2002 16:44 Style file version Nov. 19th, 1999 Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 28, No. 3, March 2002 (C 2002) CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ICRISAT Open Access Repository IDENTIFICATION OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF Holotrichia reynaudi ANDREW WARD,1,6 CHRIS MOORE,2,* V. ANITHA,3 JOHN WIGHTMAN,4 and D. JOHN ROGERS5 1Farming Systems Institute Department of Primary Industries PO Box 23, Kingaroy, Qld 4610, Australia 2Farming Systems Institute Department of Primary Industries 665 Fairfield Road, Yeerongpilly, Qld 4105, Australia 3International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India 4International Pest Management Conondale Cottage, Lot 7 Stanley River Road Maleny Qld 4552, Australia 5Farming Systems Institute Department of Primary Industries Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia 6Current address: Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries PO Box 1346, Katherine, NT 0851, Australia (Received December 20, 2000; accepted October 27, 2001) Abstract—The male attractant pheromone of the scarab beetle Holotrichia reynaudi, an agricultural pest native to southern India, was extracted from ab- dominal glands of females with hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Field testing of the candidate chemicals, indole, phenol, and anisole, both alone and as binary mixtures, led us to conclude that anisole was the major component of the sex pheromone. Neither male nor female beetles were attracted to indole or phenol on their own. Similarly, when indole and anisole were combined, the attractiveness of the solution did not increase over that obtained with anisole alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Population Dynamics of Phytophagous Scarabaeid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Different Landscapes of Himachal Pradesh, India
    Arthropods, 2015, 4(2): 46-68 Article Diversity and population dynamics of phytophagous scarabaeid beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in different landscapes of Himachal Pradesh, India Mandeep Pathania1,2, RS Chandel1, KS Verma1, PK Mehta1 1Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India 176062 2Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Abohar, Punjab, India 152116 E-mail: [email protected] Received 9 December 2014; Accepted 15 January 2015; Published online 1 June 2015 Abstract Scarabaeid beetles constitute a major group of defoliators of cultivated and wild plants. Therefore, it is important to understand their diversity, abundance and distribution for planning effective pest management programmes. We surveyed scarabaeid beetles from 8 landscapes from different zones in Himachal Pradesh (N 32o 29' and E 75o 10'), India. In 2011 and 2012, surveys were conducted during 4 months period (May-August) by using UV light traps. A total of 13,569 scarabaeid adults of 20 genera and 56 species belonging to subfamilies Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Cetoniinae and Dynastinae were recorded. The five most common species were Brahmina coriacea, Adoretus lasiopygus, Anomala lineatopennis, Maladera insanabilis and Holotrichia longipennis. They comprised 9.88-10.05, 7.18-7.76, 7.13-7.27, 6.80-7.62 and 5.22-5.30% during 2011-12, respectively. Anomala (10 species) was the most dominant genus in the present study, whereas Melolonthinae was the most dominant subfamily accounting 53.23% of total scarabs collected from the study sites. Among different landscapes, Palampur had maximum diversity and abundance, while Shillaroo had least diversity but more abundance of single species B.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Harmful and Beneficial Insect Fauna in Pigeonpea [Cajanus Cajan (L.)] Ecosystem in Tamil Nadu, India
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(8): 396-402 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.045 Diversity of Harmful and Beneficial Insect Fauna in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] Ecosystem in Tamil Nadu, India J. Alfred Daniel*, N. Chitra and M. Mathialagan Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The study of biodiversity associated with agro ecosystem is of significance for agro K e yw or ds ecologist and conservation biologist, since the maintenance of biological diversity is essential for productive and ecologically sustainable agriculture. Field experiment was Pigeonpea conducted to inventorize the insect fauna in pigeon pea ecosystem from February 2015 to [Cajanus cajan (L.)], July 2015. A total of 77 different species of insects belonging to 45 families under 10 Ecosystem, Diversity orders were collected. Of the 77 species recorded, 53 species were harmful and 24 were beneficial. The Simpson’s index of Diversity was the highest for beneficial insects (0.94) Article Info and for harmful insects it was (0.93). Similar trend was observed in Shannon-Wiener index Accepted: also for beneficial and harmful insects with values of 3.12 and 3.00, respectively. The 04 July 2018 values of Margalef index for the beneficial and harmful insects revealed that maximum Available Online: richness (6.35) was accounted for harmful insects followed by beneficial insects (5.32). 10 August 2018 The species evenness was maximum for beneficial insects (0.55), whereas for the harmful insects it was (0.45).
    [Show full text]
  • Download (1MB)
    International Arachis Newsletter Co-publishers Peanut CRSP ICRISAT Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/pnutcrsp.html) (http://www.icrisat.org) About Peanut CRSP The Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program is an international program supported by USAID Grant LAG-G- 00-96-00013-00 to The University of Georgia. The research supported seeks environmentally sound, sustainable agriculture production and food delivery systems for peanut. The program has five thrusts addressing priority constraints to the global peanut industry (aflatoxin, production efficiency, socio-economic forces, postharvest processing, and utilization). Peanut CRSP also works to foster human resource development and the communication of research results. The Peanut CRSP provides support for collaborative research, training, and exchange of information through grants to 10 universities in USA linked to 14 host countries in the developing world. Both host countries and USA are expected to benefit from the activities of Peanut CRSP. Peanut CRSP actively collaborates with other organizations with interest in advancing development through the application of science and technology. About ICRISAT The semi-arid tropics (SAT) encompasses parts of 48 developing countries including most of India, parts of southeast Asia, a swathe across sub-Saharan Africa, much of southern and eastern Africa, and parts of Latin America. Many of these countries are among the poorest in the world. Approximately one-sixth of the world's population lives in the SAT, which is typified by unpredictable weather, limited and erratic rainfall, and nutrient-poor soils. ICRISAT's mandate crops are sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnut; these six crops are vital to life for the ever-increasing populations of the SAT.
    [Show full text]
  • Spobnpv) Strain NBAIR1 Against Jute Hairy Caterpillar G
    Sivakumar et al. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2020) 30:82 Egyptian Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00282-5 Biological Pest Control RESEARCH Open Access Characterization and field evaluation of tetrahedral and triangular nucleopolyhedrovirus of Spilosoma obliqua (SpobNPV) strain NBAIR1 against jute hairy caterpillar G. Sivakumar1*, M. Kannan2, V. Ramesh Babu3, M. Mohan1, Surabhi Kumari1, R. Rangeshwaran1, T. Venkatesan1 and Chandish R. Ballal1 Abstract Jute hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma (=Spilarctia) obliqua (Walker) (Arctiidae: Lepidoptera), is an irregular and polyphagous insect pest that occurs all over India. A severe natural viral epizootic was observed in the field population of S. obliqua in jute. The virus was characterized as Spilosoma obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpobNPV NBAIR1) based on morphological, biological, and molecular characterization. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), the occlusion bodies (OBs) of SpobNPV NBAIR1 appeared as both tetrahedral and triangular with the size ranged from 1.04-1.72 μm. The results on the bioassay studies revealed that the lowest 2 LC50 value of 2.93 OBs/mm by leaf disc bioassay against the second instar S. obliqua showed its high virulence. The identity of SpobNPV was further confirmed by the amplification of polyhedrin gene (NCBI GenBank accession no. MK288145). Eleven species of lepidopteran insects, viz., Spodoptera litura, S. exigua, S. frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera, Plutella xylostella, Amsacta albistriga, Maruca vitrata, Trichoplusia ni, Pieris brassicae, Agrotis ipsilon, and Bombyx mori, were not susceptible to the infection with SpobNPV NBAIR1. Field experiments on jute crop revealed 68.92, 78.59, and 93.16% reduction in larval population of S.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX G. Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature
    APPENDIX G. Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature Explanation of OPP Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes for ECOTOX Data Studies located and coded into ECOTOX must meet acceptability criteria, as established in the Interim Guidance of the Evaluation Criteria for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature, Phase I and II, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 16, 2004. Studies that do not meet these criteria are designated in the bibliography as “Accepted for ECOTOX but not OPP.” The intent of the acceptability criteria is to ensure data quality and verifiability. The criteria parallel criteria used in evaluating registrant-submitted studies. Specific criteria are listed below, along with the corresponding rejection code. · The paper does not report toxicology information for a chemical of concern to OPP; (Rejection Code: NO COC) • The article is not published in English language; (Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN) • The study is not presented as a full article. Abstracts will not be considered; (Rejection Code: NO ABSTRACT) • The paper is not publicly available document; (Rejection Code: NO NOT PUBLIC (typically not used, as any paper acquired from the ECOTOX holding or through the literature search is considered public) • The paper is not the primary source of the data; (Rejection Code: NO REVIEW) • The paper does not report that treatment(s) were compared to an acceptable control; (Rejection Code: NO CONTROL) • The paper does not report an explicit duration of exposure; (Rejection Code: NO DURATION) • The paper does not report a concurrent environmental chemical concentration/dose or application rate; (Rejection Code: NO CONC) • The paper does not report the location of the study (e.g., laboratory vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethology of Coconut Root Grub Chafer Leucopholis Coneophora Burmeister
    International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology (IJAFST) ISSN No. 2249-3050, Volume 4 No. 2 (2013) Ethology of coconut root grub chafer Leucopholis coneophora Burmeister (Melolonthinae: Scarabaeidae) P S Prathibha1, A R V Kumar2, K Subaharan1 1 Entomology, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, INDIA. 671124 2Dept. of Agri.Entomology, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences - Bangalore, INDIA 560065 ABSTRACT Root grub, Leucopholis coneophora Burm. is a polyphagous pest of coconut and intercrops grown in sandy loam soils in south India. It damages seedlings and adult palms by feeding on roots, boring the bole and collar regions. Understanding the ethology of the pest would aid to develop an ecofriendly pest management strategy. Though control measures have been developed, imperative need is there to search for newer method. On this line it was attempted to study the adult emergence pattern during 2011-2013 in root grub infe, Kerala. Adult emergence initiated on receipt of summer shower in third week of April in 2011, 2012 and 2013. The peak emergence attained during June, after the receipt of >200 mm rainfall. The emergence commenced when illuminance fell down to 124.37±75sted coconut gardens (N12º31.550’ E074 º58.081’) at CPCRI experimental farm, Kasaragod.5lx in the evening and prolonged up to 1.2±04lx. However, heavy rainfall during this part of the day delayed/stopped the emergence. Maximum swarming occurred at 32.6±15.1lx. Female emergence and mating started at 12.04±8.1 lx. The operational sex ratio was wider during initial days of emergence, which narrowed down in subsequent days.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characterization of June Beetle, Holotrichia Species
    Special Issue on Computational Science, Mathematics and Biology IJCSME-SCSMB-16-March-2016 ISSN-2349-8439 ___________________________________________________________________________________ Molecular characterization of June beetle, Holotrichia species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from India Kolla Sreedevi1, Asha Thomas2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: White grubs are the serious pests of agricultural and horticultural crops that belong to family Scarabaeidae of Order Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae that comprises of dung rollers and pestiferous species include numerous genera and Holotrichia Hope, 1837 is the largest genus covering several species. Studies have been carried out to analyse and present the mitochondrial COI gene sequences for five predominant species of Holotrichia viz., H. serrata (Fabricius, 1787), H. nagpurensis Khan and Ghai, 1982, H. consanguinea (Blanchard, 1851), H. longipennis (Blanchard, 1851) and H. sikkimensi sBrenske, 1893. The cluster analysis revealed two clades corroborating the morphological similarity. KEY WORDS: DNA barcoding, White and root grubs, Melolonthinae, Scarabaeidae ___________________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION The light traps were installed at the time of dusk during White grubs are the universal pests of several agricultural, May to July. Three light traps were set in white grub horticultural, forest crops and turf grasses that belong to endemic areas of three
    [Show full text]