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The Diplomatic Battle for the United States, 1914-1917
ACQUIRING AMERICA: THE DIPLOMATIC BATTLE FOR THE UNITED STATES, 1914-1917 Presented to The Division of History The University of Sheffield Fulfilment of the requirements for PhD by Justin Quinn Olmstead January 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 1: Pre-War Diplomacy 29 A Latent Animosity: German-American Relations 33 Britain and the U.S.: The Intimacy of Attraction and Repulsion 38 Rapprochement a la Kaiser Wilhelm 11 45 The Set Up 52 Advancing British Interests 55 Conclusion 59 2: The United States and Britain's Blockade 63 Neutrality and the Declaration of London 65 The Order in Council of 20 August 1914 73 Freedom of the Seas 83 Conclusion 92 3: The Diplomacy of U-Boat Warfare 94 The Chancellor's Challenge 96 The Chancellor's Decision 99 The President's Protest 111 The Belligerent's Responses 116 First Contact: The Impact of U-Boat Warfare 119 Conclusion 134 4: Diplomatic Acquisition via Mexico 137 Entering the Fray 140 Punitive Measures 145 Zimmerman's Gamble 155 Conclusion 159 5: The Peace Option 163 Posturing for Peace: 1914-1915 169 The House-Grey Memorandum 183 The German Peace Offer of 1916 193 Conclusion 197 6: Conclusion 200 Bibliography 227 Introduction Shortly after war was declared in August 1914 the undisputed leaders of each alliance, Great Britain and Gennany, found they were unable to win the war outright and began searching for further means to secure victory; the fonnation of a blockade, the use of submarines, attacking the flanks (Allied attacks in the Balkans and Baltic), Gennan Zeppelin bombardment of British coastal towns, and the diplomatic search for additional allies in an attempt to break the stalemate that had ensued soon after fighting had commenced. -
Special Libraries, January 1914 Special Libraries Association
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Special Libraries, 1914 Special Libraries, 1910s 1-1-1914 Special Libraries, January 1914 Special Libraries Association Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1914 Part of the Cataloging and Metadata Commons, Collection Development and Management Commons, Information Literacy Commons, and the Scholarly Communication Commons Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, January 1914" (1914). Special Libraries, 1914. Book 1. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1914/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Libraries, 1910s at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Libraries, 1914 by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Special Libraries Where the Special Library is a Necessity The scientific spirit is always that which seeks to learn all the facts on any one subject and when they are found strives to formulatc laws based on the facts and to put these laws into operation. It is a mark of the truly scientific spirit that it is impatient with those who assume a truth from a part only of the facts; or who initiate practice without that thorough comprehension of the laws of the subject which can only he had when all the facts are known and their rclntions determined. The advocates of what is now popularly called "Scientific Management" assert that they aim to learn the truth concerning factory production in all its varied phases and to base upon such study a practical system of standard industrial operation -Honorable William C. -
Traveler's Aid at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915 Eric C
Molloy College DigitalCommons@Molloy Faculty Works: History and Political Science 2015 Safeguarding the Innocent: Traveler's Aid at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915 Eric C. Cimino Ph.D. Molloy College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.molloy.edu/hps_fac Part of the United States History Commons, and the Women's History Commons DigitalCommons@Molloy Feedback Recommended Citation Cimino, Eric C. Ph.D., "Safeguarding the Innocent: Traveler's Aid at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915" (2015). Faculty Works: History and Political Science. 2. https://digitalcommons.molloy.edu/hps_fac/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Molloy. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Works: History and Political Science by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Molloy. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. Safeguarding the Innocent: Travelers’ Aid at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915 By Eric C. Cimino In January 1914, the editorial page of The San Diego Union promised that the upcoming Panama-California Exposition would usher in a “new era” in the city’s history. San Diego would “emerge from its semi-isolation…and take on the dignity of a metropolis, a great seaport, and a commercial center.” There was a dark side, however, to this anticipated transformation as the newspaper reported that the city would soon be overwhelmed with “thousands of strangers and to these will be added thousands of immigrants who will In 1912, San Diego’s YWCA helped visitors to find make this port their landing place.” safe housing and transit on their arrival in San Among the newcomers would be many Diego. -
Cotton, Wheat, and the World War, 1914-1918: the Case of Oklahoma
COTTON, WHEAT, AND THE WORLD WAR, 1914-1918: THE CASE OF OKLAHOMA By STEVEN LEE ,,SEWELL Bachelor of Arts in Arts & Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1984 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1986 )h~i.s \qe~ SSl~c., Q.ap. ;l._ /6rE-H'o~~ u - "''-1 ..., I (1,.,.,,. "-~~-. \\ I Vf·~. ,..--("' \, I ·Ii.::,>-./ -.i.~ ~. ''61·/,.... I ,l' ,_, .• ·. 'r.~1~ ' COTTON, WHEAT, AND THE WORLD WAR, . ...~ ..-~~~--·:....:.-/ 1914-1918: THE CASE OF OKLAHOMA Thesis Approved: 02 Gb Thesis Adviser °?j" 1 Dean of the Graduate College ii 1 27: . L S J PREFACE This work is a study of the cotton and wheat markets of the World War One era. Subjects including acreage, production, prices, and value of crops were studied. The relationship between the commodities producers and the government was also an area taken into consideration. The lobbying efforts of the cotton and wheat producers also were subjects for analysis. The study utilized figures on both national and state commodities production although the main subject of study was the impact of the World War upon the cotton and wheat markets of Oklahoma. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to all those associated with this study. In particular, I am especially indebted to my committee chairman, Dr. Roger Biles, who went above and beyond the call of duty in his assistance. I am also grateful for the help provided by my other committee members, Dr. John Sylvester and Dr. -
The Gavelyte, January 1915
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville The aG velyte 1-1915 The aG velyte, January 1915 Cedarville College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/gavelyte Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the Organizational Communication Commons Recommended Citation Cedarville College, "The aG velyte, January 1915" (1915). The Gavelyte. 81. https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/gavelyte/81 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in The aG velyte by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lane Theological ein1nary• Cincinnati, Ohio Modern Curriculum. Co-operation with University of Cincinnati for advanced degreas. Eighty-third year. Pres. William McKibbin. The N agley Studio Picture Framing Kodaks and Photo Supplies Cedarville, Ohio. N ya.ls Face Cream "'\V ith Peroxide A superior non-greasy nourishing skin tone soon absorbed-leaves no shine. Leaves the skin soft and beautiful-will not cause or promote the growth of hair. A delightful after-shave. Nyal Toilet Articles are Superior We Carry a Complete Line RICHARDS DRUG STORE "The best is none too good for the sick" Phone 203. Cedarville, Ohio. The Gavelyte VOL. IX JANUARY , 1914 NO. 4 Cedarville Clolege and the New School Law. Many of the graduates and former 1devoted to regular college work, and students of Cedarville College have the removal of the College to another taken up teaching as their chosen ,community, where 1better facilities work and many preEent students are lCould be obtained for conducting a looking forward to the same profes- lnormal training s·chool in which the sion. -
NJDARM: Collection Guide
NJDARM: Collection Guide - NEW JERSEY STATE ARCHIVES COLLECTION GUIDE Record Group: Governor Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924; served 1911-1913) Series: Correspondence, 1909-1914 Accession #: 1964.005, 2001.028, Unknown Series #: S3700001 Guide Date: 1987 (JK) Volume: 4.25 c.f. [9 boxes] Box 1 | Box 2 | Box 3 | Box 4 | Box 5 | Box 6 | Box 7 | Box 8 | Box 9 Contents Box 1 1. Item No. 1 to 3, 5 November - 20 December 1909. 2. Item No. 4 to 8, 13 - 24 January 1910. 3. Item No. 9 to 19, 25 January - 27 October 1910. 4. Item No. 20 to 28, 28 - 29 October 1910. 5. Item No. 29 to 36, 29 October - 1 November 1910. 6. Item No. 37 to 43, 1 - 12 November 1910. 7. Item No. 44 to 57, 16 November - 3 December 1910. 8. Item No. 58 to 78, November - 17 December 1910. 9. Item No. 79 to 100, 18 - 23 December 1910. 10. Item No. 101 to 116, 23 - 29 December 1910. 11. Item No. 117 to 133, 29 December 1910 - 2 January 1911. 12. Item No. 134 to 159, 2 - 9 January 1911. 13. Item No. 160 to 168, 9 - 11 January 1911. 14. Item No. 169 to 187, 12 - 13 January 1911. 15. Item No. 188 to 204, 12 - 15 January 1911. 16. Item No. 205 to 226, 16 - 17 January 1911. 17. Item No. 227 to 255, 18 - 19 January 1911. 18. Item No. 256 to 275, 18 - 20 January 1911. 19. Item No. 276 to 292, 20 - 21 January 1911. -
1914 Annual Census Report
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 587 DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS TO THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1914 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE lDl4 CONTENTS Page . Work completed during fiscal year .......................................... A Steps taken to expedite delayed work ................................... Deferred Thirteenth Census work ....................................... Vital statistics .............. J .......................................... Statistics of cities ...................................................... Official Register of the United States ................................... Dependent, defective, and delinquent classes............................ Cotton and tobacco .................... ,............................... Forest products ......................................................... Statistical atlaa ......................................................... Estimates of population ................................................ Current work .............................................................. Wealth, debt, and taxation ............................................. Electrical industries .................................................. Vital statistics ......................................................... (lotton and cottonseed .................................................. Tobacco.............................................................. Dependent, defective, and delin uent classes ............................ Special compilations of ~hirteent$Census statistics -
Monthly Catalogue, United States Public Documents, January 1914
Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents No. 229 January, 1914 ISSUED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS WASHINGTON 1914 Abbreviations Appendix.....................................................app. Page, pages.......................................................p. Congress................................................. :..Cong. Part, parts...............................................pt., pts. Consular...................................................... cons. Plate, plates.................................................... pl. Department................................................Dept. Portrait, portraits.......................................... por. Document.....................................................doc. Quarto............................................................. 4° Executive.......................................................ex. Report........................................................... rp. Facsimile, facsimiles..................................facsim. Saint..............................................................St. Folio................................................................ f Section, sections................................ sec. House.............................................................H. Senate.............................................................. S. House concurrent resolution....................H. C. R. Senate concurrent resolution.....................S. C. R. House document...................................... H. doc. Senate document...................................... -
Indiana County Newspapers on Microfilm (Excluding Saint Joseph County)
Indiana County Newspapers on Microfilm (Excluding Saint Joseph County) Adams County Decatur Democrat Decatur, Indiana July 29, 1881-December 30, 1881 January 6, 1882-October 26, 1883 August 29, 1890-December 25, 1891 January 1, 1892-December 30, 1892 January 6, 1893-December 29, 1893 January 5, 1894-September 13, 1895 January 3, 1896-December 31, 1896 January 7, 1897-December30, 1897 January 6, 1898-December 28, 1899 Decatur Eagle Decatur, Indiana February 1857-May 1859; October 7, 1859 February 1862-December 1863 January 1864-December 1865 January 1866-December 1867 January 1868-February 1874 (scattered issues) Allen County Dawson’s Fort Wayne Daily Times Fort Wayne, Indiana February 1859-July 1859 November 1860-December 1860 January 1861-April 1861 May 1861-September 1861 Dawson’s Fort Wayne Weekly Times Fort Wayne, Indiana August 1859-August 1860 Dawson’s Weekly Times and Union Fort Wayne, Indiana September 1861-August 1863 August 1863-October 1864 Ft. Wayne Daily Democrat Fort Wayne, Indiana July1869-December 1869 January 1870-June 1870 July 1870-December 1870 Ft. Wayne Sentinel Weekly Fort Wayne, Indiana March 27, 1841-June 8, 1844 March 22, 1845-December 25, 1847 January 1, 1848-December 29, 1849 January 5, 1850-December 25, 1852 February 5, 1853-December 30, 1854 January 6, 1855-December 27, 1856 January 3, 1857-December 25, 1858 January 1, 1859-December 29, 1860 August 7, 1901-December 25, 1901 January 1, 1902-June 25, 1902 July 2, 1902-December 31, 1902 January 6, 1915-June 30, 1915 July 7, 1915-December 29, 1915 January 5, 1916-June 28, 1916 July 5, 1916-December 27, 1916 Ft. -
The Rainfall of the Northeastern United States
JANUARY,1915. MONTHTS WEATHER REVIEW. 11 eastern slopes (except in Vermont), and the eastern shores j : I. of t,heGreat Lakes et niore snow t!hnn the western. THE RAINFALL OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED Snow generally fa4 Is in connection with winter c.ycli’ncs, STATES. for the cyc,loiiic act.ion and the effect of to ography on the winds cause precipitation. As the norti! east wincl is Iiy B. 0. WALLIS,B. Sc. (ECONOMICS).F. R. C;. R., F. S. S. both cold and damp over prrtctically the whole e.ais .. t ern [Dated: North Finchlcp, England. Sept. 21,1914.1 United States, it is the wind of the goat snowst,orms. The northwest wind, although cold, is genernllv dry and THE METHOD OF INVESTIGATION. so brings, at most, only snow flurries esccpt, ’locnllr 011 Probably the two most iniportant considcrat,ions re- a windward mountain slope or in the lee of t,hc Grent ga.rding the rainffill of any area are its total quant,ity Lakes. In brief, the nia.in factors w7hic.h control snowfall aiid i t.s distribiibion through tho year. Attenhn is are ten1 ersture, moist-ure in the air, esposiiro to moistm called in this pn.pe.r to the second c.onside,rat,ion,and n.n winds, focnl topography, and the pnssagc of win t.cr n.tt.enipt,lins been made to measure the distribut,ion by cyclones. mmns of the statistid niothod of tlifferenccs. The REFERENCESAND NOTES. nniount of rainfall which would be prccipit>at.d n.t n (1) &e also American Almanac for 1837, p. -
The Meteorological Aspect of the Smoke Problem
JANUARY,1914. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 29 tmstworthiness there can nat be the slightest doubt,” is that report, it as audible at the time tlie liglits are most d great interest. He purports to have heard tlie sound active and vivid, for it, requires a certain time in which three times in all and says that he is sure it could not to trtivrrse t.hc dist,anc.eto the observer. On the ot,her hand it is not always when the aurora 0. J. Dalile drops down moderately near the earth that it can be dated March 30, 1910, heard. There are nunierous accounts of the polar lights was furnished me through the courtesy of Prof. St.ormer: which, judging froin the observers’ descriptions, have been JGght or nine ears ago I witneased from the steamship Erling Jar1 very near t,he surface of t,he enrt,h aad which according an extraordinar& interesting aurora. While our shill was crossing to t.liese descript,ions have not been acconipanierl by any Vaaga Bay, a little north of Harstad, a brilliant aurora in rapid motion sountI. WBB seen 80 low down in the‘air that it barely cleared the tops uf the In a work on t,he height, of the aurora Clevehnd haeta. It flamed forth in all the colors of the rainbow and was fol- by lowed by s eculiar sound, precisel such a sound m would be pro- Alhc in Terrest.rid MR netism, 1895,. are cited a great duced by rsbing together a weldied skin in the hands. -
M2089 Selected German Documents from the Records of the Naval
M2089 SELECTED GERMAN DOCUMENTS FROM THE RECORDS OF THE NAVAL RECORDS COLLECTION OF THE OFFICE OF NAVAL RECORDS AND LIBRARY, 1897–1917 Timothy P. Mulligan prepared the Introduction and arranged these records for microfilming. National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC 2006 INTRODUCTION On the four rolls of this microfilm publication, M2089, are reproduced the contents of 34 logbooks and other bound volumes of original German Navy and merchant marine records located among the Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library, 1897–1917, Record Group (RG) 45. The materials reproduced here constitute a part of those original German documents approved for restitution to the Bundesarchiv following the latter’s request and subsequent negotiations with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For these German documents, microfilm publication M2089 represents the record copy retained by NARA. BACKGROUND President John Adams authorized the establishment of the Navy Department Library on March 31, 1800. Originally a component of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, the Navy Department Library was transferred by Navy Department General Order 292 on March 23, 1882, to the newly established Office of Naval Intelligence. There an unofficial adjunct staff to the Library, designated the Naval War Records Office, came into being in 1882 to compile for publication selected documents on naval aspects of the Civil War. On July 7, 1884, the Naval War Records Office and the Navy Department Library were formally consolidated by the Naval Appropriation Act (23. Stat. 185) into the Office of Library and Naval War Records. In October 1889 the Office was returned to the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, and assumed custody of the pre-1886 office files of the Secretary of the Navy.