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Vojenská História 1/2017 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA Časopis pre vojenskú históriu múzejníctvo a archívnictvo 1/2017 VYDÁVA VOJENSKÝ HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV V BRATISLAVE 1 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA © Vojenský historický ústav, Bratislava 2017 www. vhu.sk Všetky práva vyhradené. Žiadna časť publikovaného časopisu nesmie byť reprodukovaná alebo použitá a šírená v akejkoľvek forme a akýmikoľvek prostriedkami, elektronicky alebo mechanicky, vrátane kopírovania, digitalizácie alebo uchovávaná v akýchkoľvek informačných pamätiach, databázach a informačných pamätiach, databázach a informačných systémoch bez predchádzajúceho písomného súhlasu Vojenského historického ústavu a autorov. Príspevky vyjadrujú názory autorov a nemusia byť totožné so stanoviskom vydavateľa a redakcie. 2 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA OBSAH Štúdie MEŠKO, Marek: Úvodná fáza byzantsko-normanskej vojny a byzantská porážka v bitke pri Dyrrachiu (1081) .......................................................... 6 DOMOKOS, György: Building of fortress of Leopoldov. (História budovania pevnosti Leopoldova) ................................................................... 38 MEDVECKÝ, Matej: Na prahu mieru. 2. oddelenie Hlavného štábu v roku 1945 .... 61 Dokumenty a materiály ZAŤKOVÁ, Jana: Z denníka 71. pešieho pluku. Bojová činnosť pluku na Piave ...... 85 SORBY, Karol, ml.: Súvislosti vzniku irackej armády (1920 – 1922) ........................ 92 ŠUMICHRAST, Peter: Prvý z nemnohých… Okolnosti smrti Vojtecha Kaliského .... 110 BAKA, Igor: Podplukovník Ján Šmigovský a Einsatzgruppe H na Slovensku na jeseň 1944 .......................................................... 137 HALADOVÁ, Silvia: Dobrovoľný hasičský zbor v Trnave na sklonku druhej svetovej vojny ................................................................ 147 Vojenské múzejníctvo KONEČNÝ, Martin: 32. honvédsky peší pluk na fotografi ách Henricha Lišovského ......................................................................... 161 Recenzie PROKŠ, Petr. Vítězové a poražení. Střední Evropa v politických plánech za velké války a na mírové konferenci v Paříži (1914-1918/1919 – 1920). (F. Vrábel) ........................................................... 177 STONE, Dan. Goodbye to all that?: The story of Europe since 1945. (J. Drábik) .... 180 Bibliografi a ................................................................................................................. 183 Anotácie, glosy ............................................................................................................205 Kronika ....................................................................................................................... 213 3 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA INHALT Studien MEŠKO, Marek: Die Anfangsphase des byzantinisch-normannischen Krieges und die Niederlage der Byzantiner in der Schlacht von Dyrrhachion (1081) ......................................................................... 6 DOMOKOS, György: Die Festung von Leopoldstadt ..................................................38 MEDVECKÝ, Matej: Auf der Schwelle zum Frieden: Die II. Abteilung des Hauptstabes im Jahre 1945 ..........................................................61 Dokumente und Materialien ZAŤKOVÁ, Jana: Aus den Kriegstagebuch des 71. Infanterieregiments. Kampftätigkeit am Fluss Piave. ..................................................................................... 85 SORBY, Karol, Jr.: Zusammenhänger der Entstehung der Irakischen Armee (1920 – 1922) ............................................................................ 92 ŠUMICHRAST, Peter: Einer von nicht so vielen… Die Todesumstände von Vojtech Kaliský ................................................................... 110 BAKA, Igor: Oberstleutnant Ján Šmigovský und die Einsatzgruppe H in der Slowakei im Herbst 1944 ...................................................................................137 HALADOVÁ, Silvia: Die freiwillige Feuerwehr in Trnava gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs ............................................................................ 147 Militärische Museumskunde KONEČNÝ, Martin: Das 32. Honvéd-Infanterieregiment auf den Bildern von Henrich Lišovský ....................................................................... 161 Rezensionen ................................................................................................................ 177 Bibliographie .............................................................................................................. 183 Annotationen und Glossen ........................................................................................ 205 Chronik ....................................................................................................................... 213 4 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA CONTENTS Studies MEŠKO, Marek: The initial Phase of the Byzantine-Normans War and Byzantine Defeat at the Battle of Dyrrachion (1081) .............................................. 6 DOMOKOS, György: Building of fortress of Leopoldov ........................................... 38 MEDVECKÝ, Matej: On the Threshold of Peace. 2nd Department of the Headquarters in 1945 .......................................................................................... 61 Documents and Materials ZAŤKOVÁ, Jana: Diary of the 71st Infantry Regiment. Combat Operations of Regiment in Piava River. .......................................................... 85 SORBY, Karol, Jr.: Circumstances for the Establishment of the Iraqi Army (1920 – 1922) ................................................................................... 92 ŠUMICHRAST, Peter: First of the Few… The Circumstances of Death of Vojtech Kaliský ........................................................................................ 110 BAKA, Igor: Lieutenant Colonel Ján Šmigovský and Einsatzgruppe H in Slovakia in the Autumn of 1944 ............................................................................. 137 HALADOVÁ, Silvia: Voluntary Fire Brigade in Trnava at the end of the Second World War ............................................................................................ 147 Military Museology KONEČNÝ, Martin: 32nd Honved Infantry Regiment in the Photographs of Henrich Lišovský ..................................................................... 161 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 177 Reviews ....................................................................................................................... 183 Annotations, Glosses ................................................................................................. 205 Chronicle .................................................................................................................... 213 5 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA ŠTÚDIE ÚVODNÁ FÁZA BYZANTSKO-NORMANSKEJ VOJNY A BYZANTSKÁ PORÁŽKA V BITKE PRI DYRRACHIU (1081) MAREK MEŠKO MEŠKO, M.: The initial phase of the Byzantine-Normans war and Byzantine defeat at the battle of Dyrrachion (1081). Vojenská história, 1, 21, 2017, pp 6-37, Bratislava. In the present article author describes the initial phase of the fi rst Byzantine war against the Normans, as well as the battle of Dyrrachion, which took place on 18th October 1081. These events represent the most crucial moments at the beginning of the reign of Alexios I Komnenos who only rose to power in early April 1081. While desperately struggling against invasion of the Norman host led by a very capable and intelligent military leader Robert Guiscard count of Apulia and Calabria, the young Byzantine emperor had to overcome many internal diffi culties of political, military and economic nature. Finally, in August 1081 he was able to lead almost the whole Byzantine fi eld army from Constantinople through Thessalonica towards Dyrrachion besieged by the Normans. The battle itself ended in a heavy defeat of Byzantine forces which, however, had enjoyed numerical superiority at the beginning of this encounter. The analysis takes into account detailed depiction of a composition and number of opposing forces, as well as other factors (e.g. mindset of Robert Guiscard and aims of Alexios Komnenos before the battle, topographical layout of the battleground) which infl uenced the fi nal outcome. Also the description of the battle itself contains new approaches that are confronted at times with traditional narratives of this decisive battle that can be found in historical sources and secondary literature. Military History. Byzantine. 12 th century. Byzantine-Normans war. Battle of Dyrrachion in the year 1081. Úvodná fáza byzantsko-normanskej vojny (1081 – 1085) a spolu s ňou aj bitka pri Dyrrachiu patrí medzi známe aj paradoxne málo známe udalosti stredovekej vojenskej histórie Európy. Obranný boj zakladateľa novej cisárskej dynastie v Byzantskej ríši Alexia I. Komnéna (1081 – 1118) proti agresii vojvodu Apúlie a Kalábrie Roberta Guis- carda (1059 – 1085) je dôverne známy väčšine byzantológov1, avšak v širšom okruhu historikov európskeho stredoveku je mu prisudzovaná nanajvýš okrajová úloha.2 Podob- 1 Relatívnu popularitu tejto témy dokazuje aj pomerne bohatá bibliografi a viažuca sa k tejto bitke, ktorá sa výrazne rozrástla najmä v priebehu niekoľkých posledných rokov. Najrelevantnejšie analýzy bitky pri Dyrrachiu pochádzajú z pera J. Haldona, J. Birkenmeiera a G. Theotokisa (pozri text a poznámkový aparát nižšie). 2 Napríklad v diele renomovaného historika J. Francea o stredovekom vojenstve v čase križiackych výprav nie je priamo o bitke pri Dyrrachiu ani
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