Qingdao As a Colony: from Apartheid to Civilizational Exchange
Qingdao as a colony: From Apartheid to Civilizational Exchange George Steinmetz Paper prepared for the Johns Hopkins Workshops in Comparative History of Science and Technology, ”Science, Technology and Modernity: Colonial Cities in Asia, 1890-1940,” Baltimore, January 16-17, 2009 Steinmetz, Qingdao/Jiaozhou as a colony Now, dear Justinian. Tell us once, where you will begin. In a place where there are already Christians? or where there are none? Where there are Christians you come too late. The English, Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish control a good part of the farthest seacoast. Where then? . In China only recently the Tartars mercilessly murdered the Christians and their preachers. Will you go there? Where then, you honest Germans? . Dear Justinian, stop dreaming, lest Satan deceive you in a dream! Admonition to Justinian von Weltz, Protestant missionary in Latin America, from Johann H. Ursinius, Lutheran Superintendent at Regensburg (1664)1 When China was ruled by the Han and Jin dynasties, the Germans were still living as savages in the jungles. In the Chinese Six Dynasties period they only managed to create barbarian tribal states. During the medieval Dark Ages, as war raged for a thousand years, the [German] people could not even read and write. Our China, however, that can look back on a unique five-thousand-year-old culture, is now supposed to take advice [from Germany], contrite and with its head bowed. What a shame! 2 KANG YOUWEI, “Research on Germany’s Political Development” (1906) Germans in Colonial Kiaochow,3 1897–1904 During the 1860s the Germans began discussing the possibility of obtaining a coastal entry point from which they could expand inland into China.
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