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The Case of Ayasuluk Hill in Selçuk / Izmir a Thesis

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The Case of Ayasuluk Hill in Selçuk / Izmir a Thesis THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AS LIVING COMPONENTS OF THE CITY: THE CASE OF AYASULUK HILL IN SELÇUK / IZMIR A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY LEYLA MİRJAM EROL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN DESIGN IN CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING MAY 2014 Approval of the thesis: Submitted by LEYLA MIRJAM EROL in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Urban Design in City and Regional Planning Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, _______________ Prof. Dr. Melih Ersoy Head of Department, City and Regional Planning _______________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Müge Akkar Ercan Supervisor, City and Regional Planning Dept., METU _______________ Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. H. Çagatay Keskinok City and Regional Planning Dept., METU _______________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Müge Akkar Ercan City and Regional Planning Dept., METU _______________ Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay City and Regional Planning Dept., METU _______________ Prof. Dr. Aydan Balamir Architecture Dept., METU _______________ Dr. Banu Aksel Gurun City and Regional Planning Dept., METU _______________ Date: 14.05.2014 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: LEYLA MIRJAM EROL Signature iv ABSTRACT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AS LIVING COMPONENTS OF THE CITY THE CASE OF AYASULUK HILL IN SELÇUK / IZMIR EROL, Leyla Mirjam M.Sc. in Urban Design, Department of City and Regional Planning Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Müge Akkar Ercan April 2014, 212 pages The current character and historic context of a place is defined by the socio-economic conditions from its past. Archeological heritage - described as part of the material heritage comprising all vestiges of human existence by ICOMOS - transmit messages from the development process of the city and gives people a sense of place. For human beings, there is a close relationship between the presence of historical traces in the urban daily life and defining identity which defines a trans-disciplinary research with urban planning and design, conservation, societal and historical backgrounds. This study aims to consider the dilemma of the loss in the societal value defined by the daily practice depending upon the priority in the conservation of the historic value. A conservation plan defining the archaeological site as a place with clearly designated borders and considering the area as an inactive, non-living aesthetic, cultural and spiritual item causes either deterioration or turns it into a death place for inhabitants - museumization. This thesis discusses the reasons to conserve heritage within the rhythm of the city and urban design as a tool to (re)produce the historical value in daily life practices by employing Ayasuluk Hill in Selçuk, Izmir as a case study. It reveals the roles Ayasuluk Hill has played in the urban setting and daily life of Selçuk. This research also identifies citizen perspectives, which give clues about how the value of the historical artifacts defined by urban daily practices articulate with social value within a historical v background and evolving conservation strategy for the archaeological site. The research comes to the conclusion that the conservation of heritage should not demarcate and isolate the historic cultural artifact(s) from the physical and social environments that formed its current and evolving state. The heritage becomes what it is, owing to the interrelation between the different time zones it has encountered. Heritage is a product of society and has to be accessed, used and (re)valued by the people it was produced in order to retain the values attributed to it. It also underlines the possible urban planning and design perspectives to be used to this purpose. Keywords: archaeological site, urban conservation, urban rhythm, heritage value, conservation plans, citizen perception, Selçuk, Ayasuluk Hill. vi ÖZ KENTIN YASAYAN BILESENI OLARAK ARKEOLOJİK ALANLAR AYASULUK TEPESİ SELÇUK / IZMIR ÖRNEĞİ EROL, Leyla Mirjam Yüksek Lisans, Kentsel Tasarım, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Müge AKKAR ERCAN Mayis 2014, 212 sayfa Bir mekanın mevcut karakteri ve tarihsel bağlamı, geçmişinden gelen sosyo-ekonomik durumlar ile şekillenir. ICOMOS’un insana dair bütün izlerin kapsandığı somut miras olarak tanimladiği arkeolojik miras, bir şehrin gelişim sürecine dair mesajları taşır,.alana dair bir yer duygusu verir. İnsanlar için bir alanın yer duygusunun tanımlanması ve günlük yaşam içerisinde geçmişten gelen izlerin var olması arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. İnsan, mekan ve tarih arasındaki yakın ilişki, kentsel planlama ve tasarım, koruma, sosyal ve tarihsel geçmişleri inceleyen disiplinleri aşan bir araştırma gereksinimi meydana getirir. Bu çalışma tarihsel değerlere verilen öncelikten kaynaklanan, gündelik yaşama bağlı toplumsal değerdeki kayıp ikilemini değerlendirmektedir. Arkeolojik alanı, sınırları kesin olarak belirlenmiş alanlar olarak tanımlayan ve inaktif, cansız, estetik, kültürel ve manevi öğeler olarak ele alan bir koruma planı, mekanın bozulmasına ya da sakinleri için ölü alan haline gelmesine sebep olur- müzeleştirme. Bu tez, arkeolojik mirası şehrin ritmi içerisinde korumanın nedenleriyle birlikte kentsel tasarımın tarihsel değeri gündelik yaşamda yeniden üretmek için bir araç olarak kullanmasını Ayasuluk Tepesi (Selçuk/İzmir) örneği üzerinden tartışmaktadır. Ayasuluk Tepesi’nin Selçuk’un kentsel mekanında ve gündelik yaşamında oynadığı rollerini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu araştırma, ayrıca insanların bakış açılarını, tarihi geçmiş ve evrimleşen koruma stratejisi ile tanımlar. Bu bakış açıları, günlük kentsel vii yaşam ile tanımlanan tarihi eserlerin değerlerinin toplumsal değerler ile ifade edilmesi hakkında ipuçlari verir. Bu araştırma, arkeolojik mirasin, ait olduğu mekandan ve sosyal çevreden ayrıştırılarak ve izole edilerek korunmaması gerektiği sonucuna varır. Miras karşılaştığı farklı zaman dilimleri arasindaki ilişkiler ile meydana gelir. Toplumun bir ürünüdür ve atfedilen değerlerin koruması için onları üreten kişiler tarafından erişilebilir, kullanılabilir ve (yeniden) değerlendirilebilir olması gerekir. Tez, bu amaç için kullanılabilecek olası kentsel planlama ve tasarım bakış açılarının altını çizmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: arkeolojik alan, kentsel koruma, kent ritmi, deger, koruma plani, kentlinin algısı, Selçuk, Ayasuluk Tepesi viii To My Family... ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Müge Akkar Ercan, not only for her invaluable advice, criticism and insight throughout the thesis research but also her continuous motivating me in hardest times and helping me in most tiring times. I also wish to thank to the members of the Examining Committee; Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay, Prof. Dr. Aydan Balamir, Dr. Banu Aksel Gurun, Assoc. Prof. Dr. H. Çağatay Keskinok for their valuable criticism, suggestions and comments they shared with me and the time they allocated for my presentation. I would like to express my gratitude to my dear friends Deniz Kimyon and Zeynep Gökçen Sinangil for being such great friends. Their presence was absolutely the best support I could ever have. Anything would be insufficient to meet all the favors Volkan Gümüşkaya has done for the entire process. Their great encouragement together with their amicable support helped me to write this thesis. Then, my parents who were always with me in all this exhaustive period and provided endless support, deserve the best wishes. Therefore, I would like to thank deeply to my parents, Mehmet Sıtkı and Marianne Erol, for their never-ending understanding, and love. Without the unlimited patience and support of my dearest sister and best friend Ruth Yasemin Erol the thesis would not be completed. She helped me to stay calm and believe in myself. My cousin Kieren Erol as far away he is living from me, as close was he with his mental support, whenever I needed it. And, I would like to thank to the interviewee who spent their time on answering my questions without being shy of sharing their personal thoughts and feelings. Special thanks go to the patient people, who assisted me during data collection for the case study, from the Selçuk Municipality and the Urban Memory of Selçuk-Ephesus x TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ v ÖZ .............................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ xi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xiv CHAPTERS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 An overview over heritage
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