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The Effect of Time and Volume Stater of Bioethanol Content from Coconut Fiber Waste and Mengkudu Nutrient Content Compositions 8 in 100 Gr Mengkudu [8]

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Copyright © 2019 American Scientific Publishers Journal of All rights reserved Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience Printed in the United States of America Vol. 16, 5224–5227, 2019 The Effect of Time and Volume Stater of Bioethanol Content from Coconut Fiber Waste and Mengkudu Netty Herawati∗, Muh A. P. Muplih, M. Iqbal Satriansyah, and Kiagus A. Roni Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Palembang, Jalan Jendral Ahmad Yani 13 Ulu, Plaju, Palembang, 3011, Indonesia Mengkudu and coconut fiber are a plant which frequently find in Indonesia. Mengkudu is a plant that has many advantages and carbohydrate content as 51,67%. Coconut fiber has high enough cellulose content as 43,44%, with high carbohydrate content and high cellulose content they can be utilized as basic ingredient in the making of bioethanol. The purpose of this research is to determine the best condition in the process of making bioethanol from them. Bioethanol was made by fermentation which was helped by bactery, that was Saccaromyches cerevisae or often known as bread yeast. The results of this research were obtained fermentation time and volume of the stater used in making bioethanol from mengkudui fruit in order to get the best content bioetanol is in 60 hours using a stater volume of 10% which produces 6.26% bioethanol, while for the manufacture of bioethanol from waste Coconut coir is at 72 hours using a 6 gr volume of starch which produces bioethanol 13.80%. RESEARCH ARTICLE Keywords: Mengkudu, Coconut Fiber, Bioethanol, Time Variety, Stater Volume, Saccaromy chescerevisae. 1. INTRODUCTION as FGE [6]. Bioethanol is an alcohol compound with a The increase of human population and the develop of hydroxyl group (OH), 2 carbon atoms C, with the chem- industry are directly proportional with the increase of ical formula C2H5OH, which is made by sugar fermen- dependency number with oil fuel. In 2018, the total pro- tation using yeast [7]. It can be produced from materials duction of oil in Indonesia was only 680.000 barrel per that has a rough fiber with high carbohydrate and cellulose day (bpd), while the total consumption was bigger as fiber. Bioethanol can be produced from materials contain- 1,27 million bpd. Besides that, the alternative of world ing crude fiber with high carbohydrate and cellulose fiber. oil in Indonesia had decreased from 2007 as 8,4 bil- Cellulose is a natural resource that is found in nature, and lion bpd to 7,72 billion bpd at 2010 [1]. Decrease Oil has the potential to produce useful products such as glu- reserves are caused by two main factors namely years of cose, ethanol, and also fuel [9]. Coconut fiber waste has oil exploitation and lack of exploration or geological sur- high cellulose fiber as 43,44% and mengkudu has high veys to find the latest oil reserves. This situation causes enough starch as 51,67 gr [8]. The most important part fossil fuel reserves such as petroleum for national reserves of the linocellulosic is cellulose wrapped in lignin with a is predicted to only remain available for the next 23 years strong bond [10] the compositions od coconut fiber and in 2007. So in 2013 our petroleum reserves remain 17 mengkudu are as follows. This is a chemical composition years from now [2]. Therefore, it needs an alternative of fiber coconut. material as a substitute of world oil in the making of The purpose of this research is to determine the fuel. Bioethanol is one good alternative and can be used as a fuel in order to solve energy problem right now. best condition in the process of making ethanol using Bioethanol production in various countries has been car- mengkudu and coconut fiber waste with by considering ried out using raw materials derived from agricultural and fermentation time variety and stater volume in order to plantation products [3]. Bioethanol used as fuel in the form produce good bioethanol. Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is a of a mixture of bioethanol with besin is bioethanol with chemical found in alcoholic or alcoholic beverages, this 99.5% or more ethanol content or bioethanol [5]. Anhy- material is widely used as a solvent in the pharmaceuti- drous bioethanol used as a fuel is more popularly known cal and food and beverage industries. Ethanol is colorless and tasteless, but has a distinctive and flammable odor (see ∗Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tables I and II). Besides being used in food and drinks, 5224 J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 2019, Vol. 16, No. 12 1546-1955/2019/16/5224/004 doi:10.1166/jctn.2019.8590 Herawati et al. The Effect of Time and Volume Stater of Bioethanol Content from Coconut Fiber Waste and Mengkudu Table I. Chemical composition of coconut fiber [4]. According to Suharty lignin is more soluble in NaOH than Contents Amount Alk-benzen, hot water and cool water. Furthermore, the making of bioethanol from Siwalan fiber had obtained the Kalori (kal) 167 best time fermentation that was 240 hours with addition Vitamin A (IU) 395,83 Vitamin C (mg) 175 of 9 grams nutritient (NH4)2HPO4 and 1 gram yeast tape. Niasin (mg) 2,5 Tiamin (mg) 0,70 Besi (mg) 9,17 2. RESEARCH METHOD Calsium (mg) 325 Research method in the making of bioethanol from coconut fiber wasye and mengkudu as follows: 1. Flow Diagram of making a Bioethanol from coconut ethanol can also be used as a fuel for motor vehicles; fiber waste petroleum substitutes [11]. The making of ethanol from coconut fiber has 3 phases [12]: RESEARCH ARTICLE The making of Mengkudu has 3 phases: 1. Hydrolisis phase 2. Flow Diagram of making a Bioethanol from Mengkudu 2. Alcohol fermentation process 3. Result analysis. In previous research [13] got the result in making of bioethanol using fermentation, role of microorganism is very important and usually microorganism that is used to fermentation has some requirements as follows: 1. It has the ability to ferment the appropriate carbohy- drate fast 2. It tends to form flacculation and sedimentation 3. It has stable genetic (not easily mutated) 4. It sensitives on high alcohol (between 14–15%) 5. It has fast regenerate character. Then, previous research [14] in purification of cellulose needed alkali pre- treatment using NaOH with the 1:4 ratio of material ripe solvent and heated up for 2 hours with 100 C. Table II. Nutrient content compositions 8 in 100 gr mengkudu [8]. Contents Perscent (%) Materials that were used in the making of Bioethanol from Selulosa 43,44 Hemiselulosa 0,25 coconut fiber, were: HCL, NaOH, tape yeast, Aquadest, Lignin 45,84 and coconut fiber. Air 5,25 While materials that were used in the making of Abu 2,22 Bioethanol from mengkudu, were: Mengkudu±250 gr J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 16, 5224–5227, 2019 5225 The Effect of Time and Volume Stater of Bioethanol Content from Coconut Fiber Waste and Mengkudu Herawati et al. (5 Kg), Aquadest 1000 ml, HCl 20 ml, KH2PO4 5gr, NaOH 10 ml, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tools that were needed were erlenmeyer, glass, stirer, sample bottle, analytical scale, oven, digital weigher, hot plate, spatula, pumpkin, arlojy glass, magnetic stirer, volumetric pumpkin, and blender. 3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The data was got from this research the making of bioethanol from mengkudu and coconut fiber waste with time variety and stater volume, as follows: Fig. 2. The relationship between time fermentation and gr stater on From the result of table date was the ratio from fermen- %yield bioethanol from coconut fiber waste. tation time variety and volume stater level was on impact of percent yield bioethanol. In Figure 1 above showed that the longer fermentation time was given the greater %yield bioethanol was pro- duced, yet at the time of 72 hours had decreased alcohol level when it was given volume stater 12%. The result of this research was appropriate with fermentation time from the best mengkudu was at the time of 60 hours using vol- ume stater 10% that was produced 6,26% Bioethanol. In Figure 2 above the effect of stater variety and fer- mentation time in making of bioethanol from coconut fiber waste, showed that the longer fermentation time was given the greater %yield was produced, yet there was a RESEARCH ARTICLE decreased alcohol level at the time of 80 hours time fer- mentation. The greater volume stater was given the greater Fig. 3. Comparison of bioethanol yield obtained from noni fruit and coconut fiber. alcohol level was produced yet there was a decreased alco- hol level at 7 gr volume stater. The best alcohol level which was produced by coconut fiber waste was at the time of 72 hours fermentation and using 6 gr volume that was produced from sweet potato starch [16, 17]. It stater that was produced %yield Bioethanol as much as showed from the research result above that maximum point 13,80%. Moreover, the decreased of bioethanol level on at 10% and 6 gr, yet at 12% stater level and 7 gr there was fermentation time for 72 hours of mengkudu and 80 hours decreased caused of the total of microbes became more of coconut fiber waste caused by the total of microbes while nutrient became less. more decreased that would went to death phase because In Figure 3 above, the graph shows the %bioethanol bioethanol that was produced became more while nutri- yield from coconut fiber at the maximum point at ent became less. Besides, bioethanol that was produced 72 hours of fermentation, which is 13.80% greater than had oxidized more became 15carboxylic acid [15]. Saccar- the %bioethanol yield produced by noni fruit at a maxi- omyches cerevisiae would use glucose as carbon source mum of 60 hours at a maximum of 60 hours producing on processing of bioethanol production.
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