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Feasibility Study on Tidal Power Barrages Including General Plant Design and Site Selection

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Feasibility Study on Tidal Power Barrages Including General Plant Design and Site Selection Feasibility Study on Tidal Power Barrages Including general plant design and site selection Final report Jerome van Harn 26 January 2007 Feasibility study on tidal power barrages ii Feasibility Study on Tidal Power Barrages Including general plant design and site selection Final report: 26 January 2007 Graduation student: Jerome van Harn, 1040693 06-41307183 [email protected] Graduation committee: Prof.dr.ir. M.J.F. Stive TU Delft Department of Hydraulic Engineering Ir. J. van Duivendijk TU Delft Department of Hydraulic Engineering Ir. H.J. Verhagen TU Delft Department of Hydraulic Engineering Dr. Ir. P.J. van Overloop TU Delft Department of Watermanagement Ir. E. ten Oever Delta Marine Consultants iii Feasibility study on tidal power barrages iv Preface This master thesis is the result of a months-long study at Delta Marina Consultants (DMC). At the same time, the report is the final part of my study Civil Engineering at the Technical University Delft, with a specialisation in Coastal Engineering. This report was not possible without the help of many people. I would like to thank my commission for their important contributions: Prof.dr.ir. M.J.F. Stive, ir. J. van Duivendijk, ir. H.J. Verhagen, dr. Ir. P.J. van Overloop and ir. E. ten Oever in particular. In addition, I would like to thank Markus Muttray (DMC) for his support and Pierre Marin (Alstom Power France) for his contribution on turbines. Jerome van Harn Gouda, January 2007 v Feasibility study on tidal power barrages List of Content Preface...................................................................................................................................................... v Nomenclature ........................................................................................................................................ viii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1 Problem Analysis.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem definition................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Study objectives and study approach .................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Plant concepts................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Plant layouts.......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Single basin ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Multiple basins ................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Generation modes.................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 One-way generation.......................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Two-way generation......................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Additional pumping.......................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 3 General plant design ........................................................................................................10 3.1 Powerhouse ..........................................................................................................................10 3.1.1 Existing method...............................................................................................................10 3.1.2 New method ....................................................................................................................11 3.2 Sluice gates...........................................................................................................................15 3.2.1 Existing method...............................................................................................................15 3.2.2 New method ....................................................................................................................15 3.3 Barrage dam .........................................................................................................................17 3.3.1 Existing method...............................................................................................................17 3.3.2 New method ....................................................................................................................17 3.4 Bed protection ......................................................................................................................18 3.5 Transmission lines................................................................................................................21 3.6 Resulting plant design parameters........................................................................................21 Chapter 4 General turbine design.....................................................................................................23 4.1 Turbine design parameters ...................................................................................................23 4.2 Turbines and generator.........................................................................................................24 4.2.1 Tidal power turbines types ..............................................................................................24 4.2.2 Efficiencies and losses.....................................................................................................24 4.2.3 Total turbine surface area ................................................................................................28 4.2.4 Design power output........................................................................................................31 4.2.5 Required head difference.................................................................................................33 4.3 Pumps...................................................................................................................................34 4.4 Suggested turbine type per generation mode........................................................................37 4.5 Operational interaction between turbines, sluice gates and pumps ......................................39 4.5.1 One-way generation.........................................................................................................39 4.5.2 Two-way generation........................................................................................................41 Chapter 5 Site selection aspects .......................................................................................................43 5.1 Essential site selection aspects .............................................................................................44 5.1.1 Technical aspects.............................................................................................................44 5.1.2 Economical aspects .........................................................................................................45 5.1.3 Site selection parameters and criteria ..............................................................................45 5.2 Potential power.....................................................................................................................46 5.2.1 Potential power derivation...............................................................................................46 5.2.2 Rectangular basin ............................................................................................................47 vi 5.2.3 Application for varying basin shapes and various generation modes..............................48 5.2.4 Results .............................................................................................................................50 5.3 Electricity supply..................................................................................................................52 5.3.1 Customer load in combination with tidal energy.............................................................52 5.3.2 Storage, additional electricity sources and delivery ........................................................52 5.3.3 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................53 5.4 Soil properties and flow velocities during closure ...............................................................54 5.5 Additional site selection parameters.....................................................................................54 5.5.1 Depth ratio rd ...................................................................................................................54 5.5.2 Barrage length ratio rl ......................................................................................................55
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