Governmental Initiatives and Relevant projects on Ocean Energy in

Dr. Xia Dengwen National Ocean Technology Center, SOA Contents

 Governmental Initiatives

 Relevant Projects

 Conclusions MRE in China

 Chinese government has committed that the carbon emission per unit of GDP in 2020 would decrease by 40-45% relative to 2005.

 Abundant MRE resources in China provide opportunities for reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

 Additionally, there are more than 6500 islands greater than 500m2 in China, the development of island economy need electricity support urgently. Chinese government has been engaging in MRE development for several decades. Initiatives on MRE in China Outline for Marine Development (2013-2016) Objectives:  improve the MRE technology;  finish several MRE demonstration stations on isolated islands;

 build 1-2 tens of thousands kW class stations;

 boost the MRE administration and support initiatives;

 finish 2 demonstration bases in rich MRE resources areas for fostering industrialization and national test sites for MRE by 2016. Other Plans on MRE

• National Marine Functional Zoning (2011-2020) minerals and energy zone as one of the eight marine functional zones • National Plan for Islands Protection (2011-2020) puts forward making use of MRE to improve the living circumstance in remote islands • “Twelfth Five-Year” Plan for Development of Renewable Energy (to 2015) to complete 50MW MRE plants before 2015 • “Twelfth Five-Year” Plan for Development of National Marine Affairs (to 2015) Special funding program for MRE

• Since 2010, the total 4 rounds of special funding program for MRE set by SOA and MOF (Ministry of Finance) has supported more than 90 projects, with totally RMB 800 million( USD130M).

distribution of projects distribution of funding Special funding program for MRE

• In the support of the special funding program for MRE, the MRE resources in coastal areas were investigated, some key technologies for wave energy and tidal current energy utilization has been developed, providing a solid foundation for the future development of MRE in China. Other funding for MRE

• for fundamental investigation: 908 special-project and public science and technology research funds projects of ocean (SOA) • for R&D: 863 Hi-Tech program and key technology R&D program (Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST) • for theoretical research: Foundational research program ( Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC) Other Initiatives on MRE

• Participated in IEA OES-IA in 2011.

• MRE Branch of China Association of Oceanic Engineering (CAOE) established in 2013, with more than 130 members from 49 organizations. • National Technical Committee 546 on Converters of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC546) was established in 2014. • China Marine Renewable Energy Conference (CMREC) held since 2012. Relevant Projects

1. Tidal range RD&D • National technically exploitable installed capacity for tidal range power is estimated at more than 22GW, among which 90% in Fujian and Zhejiang. • The several projects of pre-feasibility study showed the high investment (RMB 40million per MW) and high electricity price (RMB2 per kWh) for low head power station would restrict the construction of tidal range power station. Increasing the integrated utilization and technical progress would be essential. Tidal range RD&D

• Jiangxia tidal power plant (3.9MW), established in 1980s, operates well without any significant environmental problem. • One existing turbine is being upgraded from 500 kW to 700 kW, increasing 200MWh annually. Tidal range RD&D

• Several projects of pre-feasibility study on tidal power has been completed, including Jiantiao(21MW), Rushan estuarine (40MW), Bachimen(30MW) and Maluan Bay (24MW). Tidal range RD&D

• “Cooperated project for dynamic tidal power (DTP)” was listed as one of energy development cooperated projects between China and in May 2014. • Dongshan Island in Fujian Province was considered as one of the best sites for DTP utilization under pre- study and investigation. 2. Tidal current RD&D

• In recent years, in the support of special funding program for MRE, 23 projects was sponsored. 13 turbines has been developed and being tested. • Some key technologies for tidal turbine has been solved, the succeeding mission is to develop MWs turbine and array applications. Tidal current RD&D

Haineng I V-axis turbine Haineng III V-axis turbine • the 2×150kW turbine was  the 2×300 kW turbine has developed and deployed in been deployed in Guishan Guishan Channel for sea trial Channel for sea trial since during Jul. 2012 and Nov. Dec. 2013 with total 2013. conversion efficiency of 30%. Tidal current RD&D Haiming I H-axis turbine ZJU H-axis turbine • the 10 kW bottom-seated  the 60 kW semi-direct drive turbine has been deployed turbine was deployed for sea for sea trial since Oct 2011. trial near Zhairuoshan Island in May, 2014. The maximum output power is 31.5kW, and the conversion efficiency is 0.371. Tidal current RD&D

Haineng II H-axis turbine  the 200kW H-axis turbine was deployed for sea trial near Zhaitang island since Jun 2013. Haiyuan H-axis turbine  the 50kW H-axis turbine was deployed for sea trial during Aug. and Sep. 2013.

NENU H-axis turbine  the 20kW H-axis turbine was deployed for sea trial during Aug. and Oct. 2013. A new 2×150kW turbine is being developed. 3. Wave energy RD&D

• In recent years, in the support of special funding program for MRE, 30 projects was sponsored. More than 15 wave converters has been developed and deployed for sea trial. • The succeeding mission is to improve the efficiency, reliability and survivability. Wave energy RD&D

• Duck I, Duck II, Duck III converters was deployed near Wanshan island since 2009, with high efficiency (average of 25%) , but less survivability.

Duck I 10kW Duck II 10kW DUCK III 100kW, deployed in April 2013. Wave energy RD&D

• Eagle I 10kW converter based on Duck series converter, has been operating near Wanshan island for more than 15 months, with high efficiency, good reliability and easy for maintenance. Wave energy RD&D

ZLB, 30kW wave converter FLB, the 50kW Bottom-Hinged pendulum had been in converter was deployed in Jun 2012, operation for 15 months near with good reliability and survivability. Daguan Island by Dec. 2012. A new FLB converter is being developed. Wave energy RD&D

• Nezha I,II converter had • SDU Buoy, converter had been deployed for sea trial been deployed for 5 months near Wanshan island during sea trial by April 2013. Sep 2012 and Feb 2013.

Nezha I 10kW Nezha II 20kW SDU Buoy 120kW Wave energy RD&D

• Hailong-1, the 150kW converter has been assembled and deployed for sea trial in Jul,2014. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by serious wave conditions.

4. OTEC RD&D

• In recent years, in the support of special funding program for MRE, 3 projects was sponsored. • The succeeding mission is to research the high efficiency ammonia-medium turbine, cold seawater pipe ( φ10m ) and heat exchanger.

≧ OTEC RD&D

• The 15 kW closed-cycle OTEC device was developed and in operation for 3 months until April 2013, the ammonia- medium turbine efficiency is 3%.

• Deep Water Source Cooling (DWSC) application in the yellow sea cold water mass has been sponsored in 2013. 5. Test sites

Three test sites planned to be built in China. • one small scale test site for both tidal current and wave converters in Shandong • one full scale test site for tidal turbines in Zhejiang • one full scale test site for wave converters in Guangdong. Test sites • The pilot projects for the small scale test site have been initiated. The location has been confirmed in Chudao isle, Weihai city, Shandong province.

Depth: 50-70m Significant wave height: 1m Maximum speed: 1.2m/s Conclusions

• Chinese government will continue to support MRE to promote the technology readiness level. • For immature technology, it is still a long way to harness energy from all forms of ocean renewable resources for electricity generation. • Willing to enhance international cooperation to advance R,D&D of MRE technologies. 谢谢！ Thanks for your attentions!