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Master Thesis Master's Programme in Renewable Energy Systems, 60 Credits Master Thesis Master's Programme in Renewable Energy Systems, 60 credits Prospective of Tidal Energy Dissertation in Engineering Energy, 15 credits Halmstad 2019-09-13 Keval Patel HALMSTAD UNIVERSITY Preface This thesis is made as a completion of the master education in Renewable Energy systems. This Master thesis covered 15 credits. Master program in Renewable Energy systems conducted at the Halmstad University, Sweden. I would like to thank my supervisors Mei Gong, Ph. D, Docent, Associate Professor for their excellent guidance and support during this process. She helped me in giving advices in methods of writing report and providing feedback and gave me suggestion on writing a report. I also wish to thank all the respondents, my colleagues and friends for their support. I would like to thank you for your wonderful support as well. I also benefitted from debating issues with my friends. A grateful support forms my family and friends for being helpful during my time studying Master in Renewable Energy Systems at Halmstad University. I hope you enjoy your reading. Keval Patel 1 Abstract Oceans give significant renewable energy choices to produce environmentally friendly and clean energy. At present time there are issues over the world climate changes and awareness required for lessening greenhouse gas outflows. In a feasible energy future, the tidal energy has the potential to play a valuable part. This paper presents the prospects of tidal energy and its potentials. It covers a brief review of tidal energy and technology which harness this renewable energy. It also contains the detail survey of accessible energy transformation innovations and case studies with focus on tidal power potential. The demonstrated choice for tidal energy conversion is tidal barrage technology. A tidal barrage uses the potential energy of the tides and has demonstrated to be productive, despite restriction from environmental groups. Kinetic energy can also be harnessed from tidal currents to produce power by installing tidal current turbine. This can be the more desired strategy of capturing the energy within the tides. Tidal current turbine technology is as of now not economically practical, because it is still in an early phase of advancement. Sammanfattning Oceaner ger betydande alternativ för förnybar energi för att producera miljövänlig och ren energi. För närvarande finns det problem över världens klimatförändringar och medvetenhet som krävs för att minska växthusgas utflöden. I en möjlig energi framtid har tidvatten energin potential att spela en värdefull roll. Detta dokument presenterar utsikterna för tidvattenenergi och dess potentialer. Det omfattar en kort genomgång av tidvattenenergi och teknik som utnyttjar denna förnybara energi. Den innehåller också detaljerad undersökning av tillgängliga innovationer energiomvandling och fallstudier med fokus på tidvattenkraft potential. Det demonstrerade valet för tidvattens energiomvandling är Tidal Barrage teknik. En tidvattens fördämning använder den potentiella energin i tidvattnet och har visat sig vara produktiv, trots restriktioner från miljögrupper. Kinetisk energi kan också utnyttjas från tidvattenströmmar att producera kraft genom att installera tidvattenström turbin. Detta kan vara den mer önskade strategin att fånga energin inom tidvattnet. Tidvattens-ström turbin teknologi är som av nu inte economically praktiskt, därför att den är stilla i en tidig sort arrangerar gradvis av befordran. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Sammanfattning ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 World Energy Scenario ............................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Renewable Energy Tidal Energy .............................................................................................. 6 1.3 What are Tides? ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 What causes Tides? ................................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Gravity, Inertia, and the two bulges ....................................................................................... 8 1.6 Aim of the thesis ..................................................................................................................... 9 2 State of the art ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 La Rance Tidal Power Plant ..................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Lake Sihwa Tidal Power Plant ............................................................................................... 10 2.3 Annapolis Tidal Power Plant ................................................................................................. 10 2.4 Jiangxia Tidal Range Power Plant .......................................................................................... 11 2.5 Tidal Power Plant in China .................................................................................................... 11 3 Tidal Energy Technology ............................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Tidal Range ............................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.1 Tidal barrage ................................................................................................................. 13 I.) One Way Power Generation at Ebb Side .................................................................................. 14 II) One Way Power Generation at Flood Tide ............................................................................... 14 III) Two Way Power Generation .................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Tidal current or tidal stream technologies .................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Horizontal-axis axial and vertical-axis cross flow turbines ........................................... 15 3.1.4 Reciprocating devices ................................................................................................... 15 3.1.5 Other designs ................................................................................................................ 16 3.1.6 Hybrid Forms ................................................................................................................. 17 4 Tidal energy calculation ................................................................................................................ 17 4.1 Suitable locations for tidal barrage power plants ................................................................. 17 4.2 Prospect in Brest (Atlantic coast) France .............................................................................. 18 4.3 Turbine .................................................................................................................................. 20 4.3.1 Single basin one-way turbine for Brest (Atlantic Coast) France ................................... 20 4.3.2 Single basin two-way turbine for Brest (Atlantic coast) France .................................... 22 3 5 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1 Example for pump using ....................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Site: gulf of cambay or gulf of Khambhat ............................................................................. 25 5.3 How to produce continuous power form tidal power generation ....................................... 25 5.4 Why was the power discontinuous or intermittent? ............................................................ 26 6 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 27 7 References .................................................................................................................................... 28 8 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................... 32 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 As the tides rise and fall, they create flood and ebb currents [14] .......................................... 7 Figure 2 Two tidal bulges due to moon's gravitational force and inertias [14] ...................................... 8 Figure 3 La Rance Tidal Power Plant [14] ................................................................................................ 9 Figure 4 Sihwa Tidal Power Plant [25] .................................................................................................. 10 Figure
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