ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.1.1 This Chapter presents an assessment of the likely effects of the Proposed Development on the landscape and visual receptors. In particular, consideration is given in the assessment to the likely effects on landscape character and the visual amenity of the surrounding area.
6.1.2 This Chapter provides a description of the assessment approach and a summary of the relevant planning policy framework. This is followed by a description of the baseline conditions of the Application Site and surrounding area and an assessment of the likely effects of the Proposed Development on the baseline conditions, both during construction and operation. The landscape mitigation measures as part of the scheme design are described with additional mitigation measures where appropriate, to avoid, reduce or offset any adverse effects, together with the nature and significance of likely residual effects.
6.1.3 In addition, the chapter includes an assessment of any cumulative effects relating to landscape and visual issues, taking into account those of the Proposed Development in combination with other schemes proposed in the area.
6.2 ASSESSMENT APPROACH
6.2.1 The landscape and visual assessment has been undertaken in accordance with the following guidance: ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (GLVIA), 3rd edition, Landscape Institute (LI) and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA), 2013. ‘Landscape Character Assessment’, Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage, 2002.
6.2.2 The landscape and visual assessment consists of two separate but inter-linked issues as follows: Landscape Effects: The effects of the Proposed Development on the physical and cultural characteristics of the Application Site and its surroundings and on the landscape character of the study area; and Visual Effects: The effects of the Proposed Development on views from visual receptors and on the amenity value of these views.
6.2.3 The landscape and visual assessment covers: An evaluation of the existing landscape character, designations and visual baseline. Then based on this the identification of potential landscape and visual receptors within the study area: An evaluation of the sensitivity of potential landscape and visual receptors; An evaluation of the magnitude and nature of likely changes resulting from the Proposed Development; Conclusion on the overall effects of the Proposed Development on the landscape features and character, key views and visual amenity within the study area and the significance of those effects.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
Landscape Baseline Methodology
6.2.4 A baseline landscape assessment was carried out to determine the current elements and character of the landscape within and surrounding the Application Site. This involved a desktop study backed up by field work. The sources of information include: Ordnance survey maps at 1:50,000 and 1: 25,000 scale; Aerial photographs of the Application Site and the surrounding area; Datasets for rural designations from DEFRA’s MAGIC website (Multi Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside); Published relevant planning policies; and National and county scale landscape character assessments.
Visual Baseline Methodology
6.2.5 The assessment of visual effects was carried out using viewpoint analysis, as recommended in best practice guidelines. The viewpoints were selected to represent views from a range of directions and distances from the Application Site and to represent a typical selection of views and visual receptors. They were all taken from publicly accessible land and Public Rights of Way (PRoW), not from any private land. The viewpoints are representational and not exhaustive.
6.2.6 The viewpoints have been used as the basis for determining the effects of visual receptors within the study area. For residential receptors, the likely effects have been assumed from field observation from publicly accessible locations.
6.2.7 Viewpoints from some locations may not be included if other nearby key receptors have been discussed or are similar to views from those receptors. The viewpoints are selected by professional judgement during the desk study and field work and the ‘worst case’ viewpoint is selected. The aim is to present a thorough and reasoned evaluation of the whole study area whilst keeping the amount of information at a reasonable and accessible level.
6.2.8 The viewpoints were photographed in accordance with the ‘Photography and photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’, Landscape Institute Advice Note 01/11 and taken at 1.5 metres above the ground level. Photographs were taken with a digital SLR camera at an equivalent focal length of 50mm.
Receptors
6.2.9 Landscape receptors are those landscape elements, character areas or designations potentially experiencing a change as a result of the Proposed Development. Visual receptors are people, users of the landscape and residents, potentially experiencing a change in their views and visual amenity. This may include residents, workers, people passing through on transport routes, visitors to attractions and promoted landscapes and people engaged in recreational activities. Though intrinsically interrelated, landscape character and visual receptors are considered as separate entities.
6.2.10 Landscape character can be defined as the combination of the inherent physical elements of geology, soils, topography, vegetation and land cover, built form, field pattern, water bodies and perceived elements such as time depth or connection to history, tranquillity, scale, texture and coherence. These combined factors make one area of land different to the next. Landscape character receptors are therefore the key components that define an area’s overall character.
6.2.11 The appraisal of a view is closely related to landscape character, as the character is part of what defines a view. However, the experience of a view is also influenced by
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL subjective, personal values and interpretation as well as weather, distance and time spent exposed to the view. A view therefore needs a viewer to perceive it.
6.2.12 Essentially, landscape character exists whether or not it is seen, as do any changes to it. For instance, if you clear a glade in an area of dense woodland its character will change regardless of whether it can be viewed from a public path. If there are no points from which the glade can be viewed, the clearance cannot result in a visual effect. However, if there are, the effects on visual receptors should be considered.
Effects
6.2.13 Landscape effects are changes to the landscape as a resource. Effects occur to the physical fabric or landscape character of the Application Site; to the landscape character; to designations or to the overall landscape condition of the study area.
6.2.14 Visual effects are changes to the visual amenity or views available to receptors within publicly accessible areas and residential dwellings. The changes may include the introduction, removal, obstruction or modification of elements within the view. The assessment of visual effects is informed by the use of a series of viewpoints which are selected to provide a comprehensive range of visual receptors, types, angles of view and distances from the Application Site. If possible, they should represent more than one visual receptor category e.g. a viewpoint located at the junction between a footpath/cycleway and road would illustrate the view experienced by road users and pedestrians/cyclists at a point where they are more likely to pause and be more aware of their surroundings and view.
6.2.15 Cumulative effects are described as changes which result from a proposed development in conjunction with other similar developments, or the combined effect of a number of developments, taken together. Cumulative landscape effects impact upon the physical fabric or character of a landscape, or special qualities attached to it. Cumulative visual effects are caused by combined visibility, where two or more developments can be seen from one viewpoint or sequential visibility, where the viewer sees different developments when moving from one viewpoint to another.
Assessment Criteria
6.2.16 The effects on the landscape and visual receptors are ascertained by cross- referencing the sensitivity of the receptors and the magnitude of change as a result of the Proposed Development.
Sensitivity of Receptors
Landscape Sensitivity
6.2.17 Landscape sensitivity is a reflection of a landscape element, designation or character area’s condition, value, and location in relation to the Proposed Development. Table 6.1 outlines the parameters used to define categories. There are a number of the scenarios given in the table in considering the most appropriate sensitivity rating within the given landscape and site context. Designated areas are considered to be of higher sensitivity due to the public perceptions and often cumulative pressures for change attached to them and should therefore never receive a low sensitivity rating.
6.2.18 The overall consideration for landscape sensitivity is the amount of change that can be accommodated by a given receptor, without it being devalued or unacceptably altered in the long-term, thereby damaging the overall landscape resource. High sensitivity receptors would either be those in pristine condition, where change would be very obvious and distracting, or those that have already been significantly damaged so that further
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL change would result in the receptor being totally devalued in the long-term, removing the option for restoration. Medium sensitivity would be mainly associated with average receptors of good condition, with some damage or distraction, but generally still able to accept more change without irreversible damage. Low sensitivity receptors would be, for example, those in a changing environment where change is a defining element, those of low quality where change would lead to improvements, or those of good quality and condition where there is plenty of capacity to accommodate more change without irreversible damage.
6.2.19 The sensitivity criteria in this assessment do not represent a detailed sensitivity analysis of the landscape resource within the study area. It is a tool to allow some judgement on the perceived sensitivity and to incorporate some judgement on this in the assessment of effects. Table 6.1 outlines the categories and definitions used for this landscape sensitivity in this assessment.
Table 6.1: Sensitivity of Potential Landscape Receptors Sensitivity Receptor High Only minor changes can be accommodated without impact on value and / or loss of character, or no more than moderate changes can be compensated by replacement or substitution. For example: Value may be expressed as a nationally designated area or may be an element that is rare or in pristine condition; Intact historic landscapes with great time depth and no or very limited modern intrusions; Valuable, but damaged landscapes, where further change would result in complete loss of their integrity and quality (in this scenario high sensitivity is based on the assumption that any further change would result in unacceptable long-term damage to a resource, which makes it highly sensitive to further change, although its condition at the point of assessment may not be favourable); and The landscape receptor to be assessed has a small area, where the proposal would affect much or all of that area. Medium Minor to moderate changes can be accommodated without impact on value and / or loss of character or moderate changes can be reduced or eliminated by replacement or substitution. For example: Value may be expressed through a regional or local designation, or element is in good condition and occurs relatively frequently within the landscape context; Good quality landscapes with preserved integrity, but modern influences apparent; and The landscape receptor to be assessed has a medium sized area significantly exceeding that of the proposal area so that any change would not affect the whole landscape receptor. Low Moderate to substantial changes can be accommodated without impact on value and / or loss of character or substantial changes can be reduced by replacement or substitution. For example: There is no value defined through designations or clear local use or definition and the receptor does not display specifically valuable properties within the context of the wider landscape area; The landscape receptor is devalued already through character changes and loss of integrity and restoration is not an option. Development would contribute to improvements of the receptor;
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The receptor is of such a large area that a change would only affect a minor part of that area without any consequence for the remainder of the receptor area and it is not a nationally or regionally designated area; and The receptor has plenty of capacity to accommodate change, with plenty of key elements and features present so that the loss of a minor percentage would not be significant and can be replaced, or visual characteristics can be successfully retained and improved.
Visual Sensitivity
6.2.20 Visual sensitivity is a reflection of a combination of the type of receptor, the context within which the view is perceived and the importance of the view. Sensitivity is inherent to the receptor and not influenced by weather conditions or distance. Factors such as prevailing weather, distance and the extent of the view are reflected in the magnitude of change for each receptor. Table 6.2 outlines the categories and definitions used for this visual sensitivity in this assessment.
Table 6.2: Sensitivity of Potential Visual Receptors Sensitivity Receptor High Visitors to nationally designated areas of public and private open space where landscape appreciation is a primary function of their use or where landscape and visual quality is integral to the designation’s value, for instance, Areas of Outstanding Natural beauty (AONBs), Heritage Coasts, National Parks, etc.. Users of PRoW such as long distance footpaths and routes with direct views for long sections of a path. Residential communities and private properties with direct views from apparent key living and access areas. Visitors to designated areas of historical importance such as Ancient Monuments, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks and Gardens where the setting is recognised as an integral to the area’s importance. Medium Visitors to locally designated areas of public and private open space where landscape appreciation is a primary function of their use or where landscape and visual quality is integral to the designation’s value e.g. Areas of Great Landscape Vale (AGLVs), Country Parks etc. Users of PRoW such as national trails, local trails and footpaths with partial or glimpsed views from sections of the path or direct views from short sections of the path Residential communities and private properties with partial or glimpsed views from apparent key living and access areas.
Users of areas of public and private recreational space where landscape is not a primary function of use such as sports grounds, golf courses etc. Low Users of PRoW associated with highways or local routes, the primary function of which is access between two points or users of paths with partial or glimpsed views from short sections of the path.
Residential communities and private properties with partial or glimpsed views from secondary living areas.
Employees
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Road users
Magnitude of change
6.2.21 Magnitude of change is a measure of the size and scale of change arising from addition, alteration or removal of baseline resources as a result of the Proposed Development and is classed as high, medium, low or negligible. Table 6.3 outlines the categories and definitions used for magnitude of change in this assessment.
6.2.22 Magnitude is based on professional judgement and determined by a combination of: The scale of the change in relation to the proportion of the landscape or view affected by the Proposed Development and the degree to which it is affected; and The duration and reversibility of the change.
6.2.23 The magnitude of change on visual receptors is assessed through analysing the changes to the character and extent of the visual envelope of the existing Application Site and is informed by the photographic record.
6.2.24 In addition to nature, scale and duration of the change, the magnitude of change to visual receptors takes into account the distance of the viewpoint from the Application Site as this will determine visibility of its landscape elements, the Proposed Development and the context in which the view is experienced.
Table 6.3: Landscape and Visual Impact Magnitudes Magnitude of Change Magnitude of Change Visual Landscape
Total loss of or major Proposed Development forms a alteration to key elements / significant and immediately features / characteristics apparent part of the view with identified in the baseline HIGH often long-term and irreversible study. changes to its overall character. Often associated with close distance or direct and open views. Partial loss of or alteration to Proposed Development forms a one or more key elements/ visible and recognisable new features/characteristics element within the overall view identified in the baseline which are readily noticed by the study. MEDIUM observer or receptor. Often associated with middle distance or partial views and often possible to mitigate.
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Magnitude of Change Magnitude of Change Visual Landscape
Minor loss of or alteration to Proposed Development one or more key elements/ constitutes a minor component features/characteristics of the wider view, which might identified in the baseline be missed by the casual study. LOW observer or receptor. Often associated with long- distance or glimpsed views or can be short-term, reversible effects. Very minor, localised, loss of Proposed Development or alteration to one or more constitutes such a minor key elements / features / component of the view as to characteristics identified in the only be visible when deliberately baseline study. sought out and not casually perceptible, or are severely NEGLIGIBLE restricted so that Proposed Development can be barely perceived. Can be associated with any distance from site, usually middle to long. No loss or alteration to one or NO CHANGE No part of the Proposed more key elements/ features / Development, work or activity characteristics of the baseline NB: this level is associated with it is discernible, (pre-development landscape) normally scoped or they are at such a distance and / or no introduction of out in the that they are scarcely new elements/features/ baseline and not appreciated. characteristics. carried forward to the assessment
Significance of Effect
6.2.25 The significance of effect of the Proposed Development on potential landscape and visual receptors is derived from a combination of receptor sensitivity and magnitude of change, as detailed in the matrix set out in Table 6.3. The shading indicates those ratings that are deemed to be ‘significant’ effects.
Table 6.4: Significance of Effect Sensitivity of Receptor High Medium Low Negligible High Major Major Moderate Negligible
Medium Major Moderate Minor to Negligible Moderate Low Moderate Minor to Minor Negligible Moderate Magnitude ofChange Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
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6.2.26 The significance of effect is described as beneficial (positive) or adverse (negative) and in some cases neutral. Changes involving the addition of man-made structures are typically considered to adverse unless otherwise stated within the assessment. The significance scale is illustrated in Diagram 6.5 below and examples of beneficial, adverse and neutral effects on the landscape and visual resource are described below.
Diagram 6.5: Significance Scale
Landscape Effects A beneficial effect would result from the addition of well-designed elements, which add to the landscape experience or sense of place. An adverse effect may include the loss of landscape elements such as mature trees and hedgerows as part of construction or development that exceeds landscape capacity, leading to a reduction in landscape quality and character of an area. Changes involving the addition of man-made structures are typically considered to adverse. Neutral effects neither add nor detract from the quality and character of an area including development that may be reasonably accommodated within the scale and capacity of the landscape.
Visual Effects A positive effect would include changes that are reasonably accommodated within the scale and character of the landscape as perceived from the receptor location. Neutral visual effects would include changes that are not dominating, overbearing, or oppressive. They include development that appears reasonably well accommodated within the scale and landscape setting or context and also includes negligible magnitudes of change. A negative effect may include poor visual design quality, inappropriate scale of development relative to the underlying landscape, or other visual factors that may reduce scenic quality, such as a development that would appear dominating or overbearing.
Nature of Effects
6.2.27 The effects to the landscape and visual resource are also assessed as either direct or indirect (as defined below) and whether they are temporary (short term) or permanent (long-term). A direct effect is an effect that is directly attributable to a defined element or characteristic of the Proposed Development, for example, the loss or removal of an element or feature such as a hedgerow or a prominent group of trees. An indirect effect is an effect that is not a direct result of the Proposed Development but a consequential change from the development, often produced away from the Application Site of the Proposed Development.
Legislative and Policy Framework
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National Planning Policy
6.2.28 At the heart of the National Planning Policy Framework is a presumption in favour of sustainable development. Development should seek “positive improvements in the quality of the built, natural and historic environment.”
6.2.29 The Conserving and Enhancing the Natural Environment section of the NPPF outlines the way the planning system should “contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment”. The relevant key objectives are to enhance networks of green infrastructure, protect and enhance valued landscapes, minimise impacts on bio-diversity and provide net gains where possible. Opportunities to incorporate bio-diversity in and around developments should also be encouraged. Great weight should also be given to conserving the landscape and scenic beauty in the AONBs.
6.2.30 The Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change, Flooding and Coastal Change, section outlines how the planning system should support the delivery of renewable and low carbon energy and associated infrastructure. Planning authorities should have a positive strategy towards renewable and low carbon sources of energy and “design their policies to maximise renewable and low carbon energy development while ensuring that adverse impacts are addressed satisfactorily, including cumulative landscape and visual impacts.”
Local Planning Policy
Wiltshire Core Strategy
6.2.31 The relevant policies are set out below with extracts of particular relevance to landscape and visual matters.
Core Policy 42: Standalone renewable energy installations This policy applies to all types of standalone renewable energy, including anaerobic digestion (AD) plants. It outlines the requirement that the development of most standalone renewable energy installations will require careful consideration due to their potential visual and landscape impacts, especially in designated or sensitive landscapes, including AONBs and their setting. The size, location and design of renewable energy schemes should be informed by a landscape character assessment. It states that:
“Proposals for standalone renewable energy schemes will be supported subject to satisfactory resolution of all site-specific constraints. In particular, proposals will need to demonstrate how impacts on the following factors have been satisfactorily assessed, including any cumulative effects, and taken into account:
i. The landscape, particularly in and around AONBs
iv. Biodiversity
vii. Residential amenity, including noise, odour, visual amenity and safety
viii. Best and most versatile agricultural land.”
Core Policy 51: Landscape
6.2.32 The relevant sections of Core Policy 51 states:
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‘Development should protect, conserve and where possible enhance landscape character and must not have an unacceptable impact upon landscape character, while any negative impacts must be mitigated as far as possible through sensitive design and landscape measures. Proposals should be informed by and sympathetic to the distinctive character areas identified in the relevant Landscape Character Assessment(s) and any other relevant assessments and studies. In particular, proposals will need to demonstrate that the following aspects of landscape character have been conserved and where possible enhanced through sensitive design, landscape mitigation and enhancement measures:
i. The locally distinctive pattern and species composition of natural features such as trees, hedgerows, woodland, field boundaries, watercourses and water bodies.
ii. The locally distinctive character of settlements and their landscape settings.
iii. The separate identity of settlements and the transition between man-made and natural landscapes at the urban fringe.
iv. Visually sensitive skylines, soils, geological and topographical features.
v. Landscape features of cultural, historic and heritage value.
vi. Important views and visual amenity.
vii. Tranquillity and the need to protect against intrusion from light pollution, noise, and motion.
viii. Landscape functions including places to live, work, relax and recreate.
ix. Special qualities of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs) and the New Forest National Park, where great weight will be afforded to conserving and enhancing landscapes and scenic beauty.
Proposals for development within or affecting the Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), New Forest National Park (NFNP) or Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site (WHS) shall have regard to the relevant Management Plans for these areas. Proposals for development outside of an AONB that is sufficiently prominent (in terms of its siting or scale) to have an impact on the area’s natural beauty, must also demonstrate that it would not adversely affect its setting.’
Core Policy 52: Green Infrastructure
6.2.33 Core Policy 52 (extracts) states that:
‘Development shall make provision for the retention and enhancement of Wiltshire’s green infrastructure network, and shall ensure that suitable links to the network are provided and
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maintained. Where development is permitted developers will be required to:
i. Retain and enhance existing on-site green infrastructure.
iii. Put measures in place to ensure appropriate long-term management of any green infrastructure directly related to the development.
v. Identify and provide opportunities to enhance and improve linkages between the natural and historic landscapes of Wiltshire.
If damage or loss of existing green infrastructure is unavoidable, the creation of new or replacement green infrastructure equal to or above its current value and quality, that maintains the integrity and functionality of the green infrastructure network, will be required. Proposals for major development should be accompanied by an audit of the existing green infrastructure within and around the site and a statement demonstrating how this will be retained and enhanced through the development process. Development will not adversely affect the integrity and value of the green infrastructure network, prejudice the delivery of the Wiltshire Green Infrastructure Strategy, or provide inadequate green infrastructure mitigation. Green infrastructure projects and initiatives that contribute to the delivery of a high quality and highly valued multi- functional green infrastructure network in accordance with the Wiltshire Green Infrastructure Strategy will be supported. Contributions (financial or other) to support such projects and initiatives will be required where appropriate from developers.
Core Policy 57: Ensuring High Quality Design and Place Shaping
6.2.34 Core policy 57 (extracts) states:
‘A high standard of design is required in all new developments… Development is expected to create a strong sense of place through drawing on the local context and being complimentary to the locality. Applications for new development must be accompanied by appropriate information to demonstrate how the proposal will make a positive contribution to the character of Wiltshire through:
i. enhancing local distinctiveness by responding to the value of the natural and historic environment, relating positively to its landscape setting and the existing pattern of development and responding to local topography by ensuring that important views into, within and out of the site are to be retained and enhanced
ii. the retention and enhancement of existing important landscaping and natural features, (for example trees, hedges, banks and watercourses), in order to take opportunities to enhance biodiversity, create wildlife and recreational corridors, effectively integrate the development into its setting and to justify and mitigate against any losses that may occur through the development
iii. responding positively to the existing townscape and landscape features in terms of building layouts, built form, height, mass, scale,
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building line, plot size, elevational design, materials streetscape and rooflines to effectively integrate the building into its setting
iv. being sympathetic to and conserving historic buildings and historic landscapes
v. making efficient use of land whilst taking account of the characteristics of the site and the local context to deliver an appropriate development which relates effectively to the immediate setting and to the wider character of the area
vii. having regard to the compatibility of adjoining buildings and uses, the impact on the amenities of existing occupants, and ensuring that appropriate levels of amenity are achievable within the development itself, including the consideration of privacy, overshadowing; vibration; and pollution (such as light intrusion, noise, smoke, fumes, effluent, waste or litter)
viii. incorporating measures to reduce any actual or perceived opportunities for crime or antisocial behaviour on the site and in the surrounding area through the creation of visually attractive frontages that have windows and doors located to assist in the informal surveillance of public and shared areas by occupants of the site
ix. ensuring that the public realm, including new roads and other rights of way, are designed to create places of character which are legible and accessible
xii. the use of high standards of building materials, finishes and landscaping…
xiii. in the case of major developments, ensuring they are accompanied by a detailed design statement and master plan, which is based on an analysis of the local context and assessment of constraints and opportunities of the site and is informed by a development concept, including clearly stated design principles, which will underpin the character of the new place.’
Cotswolds AONB Management Plan 2013-18
6.2.35 The primary purpose of the Cotswolds Management Plan is to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of the AONB. The statutory plan covers a wide range of issues that affect the area including: built development; biodiversity; historic environment; transport; rural land management and natural resources. The plan sets out the Cotswold’s Conservation Boards objectives and policies for 2013 to 2018 and also provides a vision for the future for the next 20 years to “retain its remarkable visual unity and scenic diversity”.
6.2.36 A key issue relating to the proposal is the potential impact on the setting of the AONB. The management plan states “the surroundings of the AONB are also important to its landscape and scenic beauty. Views out of the AONB and into it from surrounding areas can be very significant in this regard”.
6.2.37 The specific policies relating to the landscape are:
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Policy LP1 states that “the key characteristics, principle elements, and special qualities (including tranquillity), which form the natural beauty of the Cotswolds landscape are conserved”. Policy LP2 states that “development proposals and change in land use and management, both within and outside the AONB, take account of guidance and advice published by the Board.”
6.2.38 The Cotswolds Conservation Board has published a Position Statement on ‘Development in the Setting of the Cotswolds AONB’ which provides guidance to local planning authorities, landowners and other interested parties regarding the impact of development proposals which lie outside the AONB but within its ‘setting’. The Board considers ‘the setting of the Cotswolds AONB to be the area within which development and land management proposals, by virtue of their nature, size, scale, siting material or design can be considered to have an impact, positive or negative, on the natural beauty and special qualities of the Cotswolds AONB.’ The position statement expands upon issues in the Cotswolds AONB Management plan 2008-13 and in particular Policy LP1 above and key issue LK3.
6.2.39 Key issue LK3 states:
“The surroundings of the AONB are also important to its landscape character and quality. Views out of the AONB and into it from surrounding areas can be very significant. Development proposals that affect views into and out of the AONB need to be carefully assessed in line with Planning Policy Statement 7 to ensure that they conserve and enhance the natural beauty and landscape character of the AONB”.
6.2.40 The position statement further expands on the definition of setting and states that the setting of the AONB “does not have a geographical border. The design of a proposed development will determine whether if affects the natural beauty and special qualities of the AONB.”
6.2.41 The position statement also gives examples of adverse impacts of which the relevant examples are: Blocking or interference of views out of the AONB, particularly from public viewpoints. Blocking or interference of views of the AONB from public viewpoints outside the AONB. Loss of tranquillity through the introduction of lighting, noise or traffic movement. The introduction of abrupt change in landscape character.
Scoping Criteria
6.2.42 Correspondence in December 2015 with the landscape officer at Wiltshire Council advised that the Wiltshire and North Wiltshire landscape character assessments should inform the landscape framework for the Proposed Development and that a strong landscape framework will be necessary for a development of this scale and nature. The viewpoints used in this assessment were also discussed and agreed with the landscape officer.
6.2.43 The key issues / receptors that are included in this assessment are: Landscape features, including vegetation, topography and PRoW; Landscape character including national, county and district landscape characterisation; The setting of the Cotswold AONB; and Visual amenity and views from public areas.
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6.2.44 Heritage assets such as listed buildings, conservation areas and registered historic parks and gardens were scoped out of the assessment by Wiltshire Council.
6.3 BASELINE CONDITIONS
Description of the Existing Site
6.3.1 The Application Site is located approximately 1km north of Malmesbury, adjacent to Quobwell Farm, which is part of the Charlton Park Estate. The Application Site is located in a large field immediately to the north of the existing farm buildings and farmhouse and occupies part of the field, which is currently put to arable crops. Access is via the existing farm track leading off the B4014 next to Quobwell Cottages. The Application Site context and surrounding area is illustrated in Figure 6.1.
6.3.2 The Application Site is located near the Cotswold AONB. The eastern edge of the AONB lies at approximately 0.8km at its closest distance at Sunset Hill to the north-west. The AONB boundary runs along the unclassified road through the village of Brokenborough and then follows the B4014 to the north for a short distance.
6.3.3 The Application Site is relatively flat with a very slight rise towards the north. The lowest point is at the south-eastern corner at approximately 93.5m AOD (Above Ordnance Datum) rising to approximately 96.5m AOD at the north-eastern boundary. There are no public rights of way across the Application Site or near the boundaries.
6.3.4 The southern boundary is formed by a combination of hedgerow, a stone wall and the rear of farm buildings and barns. A hedgerow runs along the eastern boundary, within which are several mature oak trees. The northern and western boundaries are open to the retained field. Along the field boundary to the north, outside the Application Site, is a native species hedgerow, beyond which is a coniferous plantation along part of its length. To the east, along the field boundary with the B4014, there is also a native species hedgerow with occasional trees. The species within the hedgerows include hazel, blackthorn, elder and field maple which are managed at around 1.5 - 1.8m in height.
The Study Area
6.3.5 The initial area of search for the landscape and visual assessment was determined by a desk top study of the topography, the boundary of the AONB and the likely extent of potential visibility and set at around 5km. The extent was set to enable a general understanding of the wider landscape context within which the Application Site is located, while limiting information to that which is most relevant and avoiding excessive analysis. These findings were assessed through field observations on the 1st December 2015.
6.3.6 The high visual containment provided by surrounding woodland blocks, coniferous plantations and low ridges, resulted in the potential ‘Zone of Visual Influence’ of the development being contained to approximately 250m to the east, 2.5km to the north, 1km to the west and 1.5km to the south. Some longer distance views from the Application Site are possible, to the low wooded ridge to the north-west at approximately 3.5km. Longer distance views to the east and north from the Application Site are not generally possible due to the screening effect of woodland and landform. Longer distance views to the south are restricted by the presence of built form.
Description of the Surrounding Area
6.3.7 The predominant characteristics of the surrounding study area are of a rural, intensively farmed landscape. The town of Malmesbury has a strong presence to the south and its influence is spreading northwards with the construction of several housing estates on the northern edge of the town. The A429 is the primary transport route passing through
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL the study area, linking the M4 and Cirencester. The B4014 is a busy secondary route connecting Malmesbury to Tetbury. Away from these roads there is a limited network of lanes. There is a notable presence of large estates and country houses, including Charlton Park and Estcourt Park with their associated parkland landscape. The settlement pattern away from the market towns and private estates is formed by few small villages and scattered farmsteads and houses.
To the West
6.3.8 The retained field lies immediately to the west of the boundary of the Application Site. Beyond this lies the B4014 and Cooper Farm with its farmhouse and a number of agricultural buildings and barns. Beyond the road, there is a strip of land towards the village of Brokenborough that comprises large arable fields with some pockets of pasture for horses. Fields here are bounded by hedgerows but with few hedgerow trees and several public footpaths cross the fields between the B4014 and the village. The boundary of the Cotswold AONB follows the minor road through Brokenborough and the area to the west of the road lies with the AONB. The AONB boundary lies approximately 800m from the Application Site at its nearest point. The landscape of this part of the study area within the AONB, is generally well-wooded and contained. The landform is gently undulating with the River Avon (Tetbury Branch) and a number of small tributary streams running through small, narrow valleys lined with riparian trees. A distinct landscape feature is the byway running straight across the area from north-east to south-west. This is the historic Fosse Way Roman Road, which forms the present day county boundary with Gloucestershire.
6.3.9 There are potential views from the footpaths crossing the farmland between the B4014 and the village, outside the AONB. From within the AONB to the west of Brokenborough it is unlikely that there will be any significant views as a result of the low undulating landform and wooded nature of the landscape.
To the South
6.3.10 The land to the south, between the Application Site and Malmesbury, is intensively farmed arable farmland with pockets of grazing for horses. Field boundaries generally consist of hedgerows with some hedgerow trees. There are a few dwellings and small commercial premises on the northern side of the B4014, to the northern edge of Malmesbury, but otherwise, the road defines the edge of the built-up area. Beyond the road, there is currently a high amount of construction activity with several housing estates under construction or recently completed. This includes new commercial premises and road alterations recently completed. The large Dyson factory is located next to the housing, accessed off a new roundabout. As a consequence of the construction activity, there is a fairly high level of visual and aural intrusion in this locality.
6.3.11 There are potential views of the Application Site from the residential dwellings alongside the B4014 and the adjacent pavement. To the south beyond the roadside properties, built form is likely to screen most potential views.
To the East
6.3.12 The land to the east, between the Application Site and the A429, is intensively farmed arable land with large rectilinear fields, woodland blocks and a small stream, lined with riparian trees. The fields are bounded by hedgerows with some hedgerow trees and there is little built form, apart from one farm. The land is at a similar elevation to the Application Site and the small tributary stream runs north to south through the area. Charlton Park is located beyond the A429, including the Business Park and the parkland itself, which is private land with no public rights of way.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6.3.13 Visibility from the east is severely restricted by the lack of public access and the presence of woodland and riparian trees.
To the North
6.3.14 The land cover to the north is a combination of arable farmland in large rectilinear fields and coniferous plantations. The landform drops away from the field boundary and then rises gently towards a minor road, with several small tributary streams in small valleys. There is one farm located here but there are no public rights of way south of the minor road. Beyond the road are several farms and dwellings and a recently constructed solar farm. The landscape is fairly open and large scale, with longer distance views towards the south available from the slightly more elevated ground. Potential views to the Application Site are partially blocked by numerous coniferous plantations.
6.3.15 Inter-visibility with the Application Site is limited by the screening effect of several coniferous plantations. There are a few locations where gaps in the tree cover, give partial views, but these are restricted to a few locations along the minor road and a public right of way.
Landscape Character
Landscape Character Assessment
6.3.16 Landscape character assessment is a technique used to develop a consistent understanding of what gives a landscape its character to ensure future development is well situated, sensitive to its location and contributes to environmental, social and economic objectives. Assessments identify distinctive features, recognisable and consistent patterns of elements and natural and/or human features in the landscape that make one area distinctive from another. An assessment of pressure for change, the ability of a given landscape to accommodate change and landscape sensitivity to change may also be undertaken. The assessment can also include strategies and guidelines for future development and management, to retain and enhance particular aspects of the landscape. Landscape character assessments are carried out at national, county and district level. The character areas referred to below are illustrated on Figure 6.2.
National Landscape Character
6.3.17 National landscape character is set out in Natural England’s Character Map of England. The Application Site is located on the northern tip of National Character Area (NCA) 117-Avon Vale, a low-lying landscape cut by the River Avon and its tributaries. The relevant key characteristics of the NCA which are evident in the study area are extracted from the published document and include: An undulating landscape clay vale with a mix of arable and pasture. Small and medium sized fields with mostly hedgerow boundaries with few hedgerow trees, varying in shape from irregular piecemeal enclosure to rectilinear planned enclosure. Numerous low ridges with local views over towns and villages. Wide River Avon corridor, with an ancient pattern of flood meadows and closely associated settlements and more recent development. Large historic parks and mansions, often established from former monastic establishments. Attractive stone-built centres to market towns that reflect the former agricultural productivity and wealth of the area.
6.3.18 The profile for the area identifies a number of Statements of Environmental Opportunity. Extracts from those of relevance to the application are: SEO1: Protecting, managing and enhancing the semi-natural habitat.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
SEO4: Protect and manage the varied rural landscape of small urban areas amid gently rolling arable and pasture, and thick hedges interspersed with small woods, securing wide-ranging views, reinforcing landscape character.
Local Landscape Character
North Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment (2004)
6.3.19 The former North Wiltshire District Council prepared a district-wide landscape character assessment and strategy for the district in 2004. The assessment was intended to inform and support policies in the Local Plan of 2011. The aim of the study was to ‘ascertain a clear understanding of the landscape resource and set out management guidelines which will contribute to the environmental enhancement of the district.’
6.3.20 The Application Site lies close to the division between two character areas and therefore the adjacent character area will also be described, as there is likely to visual connectivity between it and the Proposed Development.
Minety and Malmesbury Rolling Lowland
6.3.21 The Application Site lies towards the north-western edge of the Minety and Malmesbury Rolling Lowland character area. This covers an area of rolling, undulating lowland hills at between 70-100m AOD, largely to the east of Malmesbury. Its main characteristics are defined as: Rolling or undulating lowland hills between 70- 100m AOD, on Oxford Clay, with some Cornbrash and Forest Marble. Patchwork of irregular, small to medium sized fields, mainly pasture but with arable on the richer soils. Continuous hedges with many mature oaks and some deciduous copses. Wetland features including groups of willows on wetter ground along streams and on alluvial soils. Mature trees on the skyline. Dispersed small villages or hamlets and fine stone country houses. Use of undressed limestone to walls, ashlar quoins, lintels and mullions, and stone slates. Dominance of Malmesbury both on views and communication routes, and in historical influence of the Abbey. Water meadows and open pasture on two arms of River Avon at Malmesbury. Detractors of water tower and power lines, but otherwise an unspoilt, quiet pastoral landscape.
6.3.22 The field survey findings are broadly consistent with the wider character area description. However, at a local level the field sizes are generally medium to large sized and are predominantly arable. There is also a strong presence of rectilinear coniferous plantations in the landscape, which contrast sharply with the gentle, undulating landform.
6.3.23 The key management strategies for the character area are identified within the assessment. The overall management objectives for the area are to ‘conserve and enhance its pastoral character, and to ensure that any new development respects the pattern of the dispersed settlement.’ Of relevance to the study area the management strategy actions include: Conserve hedgerows and mature trees, including planting new trees in existing hedges and planting specimen trees in field corners. Discourage hedgerow loss and field amalgamation. Ensure development reinforces the locally distinctive character. Discourage development in the rural hinterland.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
Consider where development related to Malmesbury is most appropriate in terms of landscape and visual effects. Preserve key views.
6.3.24 The area is described as having a harmonious character. In terms of sensitivity to change only “small-scale, sensitively designed development, appropriately associated with existing built form, could be successfully accommodated without adverse landscape.” The mature hedgerows and trees are also susceptible to potential loss through agricultural change.
Sherston Dipslope Lowland
6.3.25 To the north of the Application Site lies the Sherston Dipslope Lowland character area. This area lies on gently undulating land underlain by the limestone and the land rises from an average of around 90m to 125m AOD, towards the Cotswolds in the west. Part of the character area lies within the Cotswold AONB. The main characteristics of relevance to the study area are described as: Gently undulating, broad low hills and shallow river valleys. Locally steeper and more enclosed valley forms. Broad panoramas and distant views. Continuity of hedgerows and veteran oak trees. Dry stone walls as field boundaries and in relation to larger properties and village houses. Variation in field sizes and shapes, from small irregular medieval, to larger fields enclosed or amalgamated in the modern period. Variation in woodland cover, with many areas devoid of woodland cover, and other areas with small woods or copses. Small areas of unimproved calcareous grassland. Dispersed settlement and few villages.
6.3.26 The field survey findings of the section of the character area that falls within the study area are broadly consistent with the description with the broad low hills and shallow valleys to the north of the Application Site.
6.3.27 The overall objectives for the area are to “enhance the character of the area through strengthening the landscape elements which contribute to its distinctiveness, and conserve the ecological heritage and unspoilt character.” The key management strategies and actions for the character area of relevance to the study area include the following extracts: Conserve hedgerows and mature trees, including planting new trees in existing hedges and planting specimen trees in field corners Enhance biodiversity through good practice in woodland management Ensure development reinforces the locally distinctive character Discourage development in the rural hinterland
6.3.28 Regarding the key view management strategy, there are many locations where there is little woodland cover and broad shallow hills, which offer wide views. The loss of hedgerows and mature trees are described as indicators of potential change from viewpoints. The sensitivity to change is largely associated with agricultural management and where only “sensitively designed development, appropriately associated with existing built form, could be successfully accommodated without adverse landscape impacts.”
Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment (2005)
6.3.29 Wiltshire Council prepared a landscape character assessment in 2005. The main purpose of which was to assess the status of the Wiltshire landscape and give an indication
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL of areas in need of enhancement and conservation to enable better informed decisions to be made on future management and provide an objective basis for developing policies.
6.3.30 The Proposed Development is located within Landscape Type 16: Limestone Lowland and within the sub category 16a Malmesbury – Corsham Limestone Lowlands character area. The section of the character area that falls within the study area is broadly typical of the character area. The key characteristics are described as: Gently undulating lowland farmland over underlying geology of predominantly mudstone and limestone with some pockets of clay A peaceful and rural landscape with subtle variations in character relating to the varied geology, topography and watercourses. Mix of permanent pasture and arable farmland. Strong network of hedgerows with hedgerow trees. Dry stone walls field boundaries in some areas and around settlements. Field pattern predominantly large geometric field typical of eighteenth and nineteenth-century enclosure with small-scale irregular fields of medieval pattern close to settlements. More open areas of higher ground to the west offer panoramic views over the type, elsewhere occasional woodland blocks, copses and frequent hedgerow trees give a greater sense of enclosure, with intermittent views. Numerous rivers forming shallow valleys, with the watercourses sometimes lined with willows. Settlements in the form of historic market towns, villages and scattered farmsteads distributed throughout the type linked by network of rural roads. Traditional buildings of local limestone buildings an outstanding feature. The presence of historic parkland and estates marked by stone estate walls, grand entrances and parkland trees and avenues.
6.3.31 The Wiltshire character assessment identifies forces for change, landscape condition, the strength of character, sensitivities, strategies and broad management objectives. The relevant forces for change have been assessed as: Continued amalgamation and enlargement of fields. Some hedgerow field boundaries have been intensively flailed. Some dry stone wall field boundaries are becoming overgrown. Increasing traffic on narrow rural lane network leading to urbanisation through kerbing, additional lighting and signage. Pressure for new development along rural lanes and around existing settlements.
6.3.32 The overall condition of the landscape has been assessed as generally good and the strength of character overall judged as moderate. Elements such as land use, topography and field boundaries vary subtly across the type reducing its distinctiveness and cohesiveness. The inherent landscape sensitivities relevant to this proposal are: The peaceful rural nature of the area. The remaining medieval field patterns and dry stone walls around and close to settlement.
6.3.33 The overall strategy is to “conserve those elements intrinsic to the type’s character or important in their own right, such as the distinctive stone villages, the areas of ecological importance and the historic parkland and to strengthen locally degraded elements such as the flailed hedgerows and overgrown stone walls”. The broad management objectives relevant to this proposal are: Conserve the network of hedgerows, hedgerow trees and woodland copses and take opportunities for new planting where this will strengthen local character. Maintain the subtle variations that occur throughout the landscape, encouraging local distinctiveness.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
Resist urbanisation of the country lanes through the addition of road markings and concrete kerbs or lamp posts or excessive signage that detracts from the rural character of the area.
The Study Area and Local Landscape Character
6.3.34 The field survey findings are broadly consistent with the wider published character area assessments. The landscape of the study area is typically low lying with a broad, undulating landform with a number of small tributary streams running through small, shallow valleys. There is no prominent visual enclosure provided by elevated ground, with only slightly elevated ground located to the north and west. Low ridges, woodland blocks and other vegetation within the landscape, including hedgerows and trees lining the tributary streams, create the containment. There are glimpsed middle distance views through gaps in the vegetation but few long distance views. The field pattern is one of medium to large sized rectilinear fields bounded by hedgerows and stone walls in places. The land use in the study area is dominated by intensive arable farmland with some pasture, interspersed with rectilinear blocks of coniferous plantations, which are somewhat incongruous in the landscape.
6.3.35 There is not a dense network of roads across the study area. Apart from the A429 main road, there is just the B4014 secondary road crossing the study area and a few minor lanes. Public rights of way are also quite limited, with large tracts of land having no public access at all, often associated with the large estates. The public access is greater to the west of the study area, within the AONB. The settlement pattern away from Malmesbury and the large estates is formed by a few small villages, scattered farmsteads and individual dwellings along roads.
6.3.36 The Application Site is set within a large, open field that is bounded by hedgerows, a stone wall and the farm buildings of Quobwell Farm. The vegetation around and adjacent to it is broadly typical of the surrounding landscape and contributes to the sense of enclosure, particularly at close range. The rectilinear coniferous plantations to the north are prominent features in the local landscape and are at odds with the more sinuous shapes of native woodlands and riverside tree belts elsewhere in the landscape.
6.3.37 The nearest properties to the Application Site, apart from Quobwell Farm itself, are Quobwell Cottages to the west and Cooper Farm to the north-west. Beyond this the closest properties are on the eastern edge of the village of Brokenborough and the northern edge of Malmesbury. There is very limited public access near the Application Site, only the footpaths leading off the B4014 to the west.
6.3.38 As a result of the proximity of the town, the Application Site and the immediate surrounds do not feel remote and the tranquillity is not high. There is some intrusion from the adjacent road and the developments on the northern edge of Malmesbury, and whilst they detract from the overall tranquillity of the Application Site and the immediate area, these are not overly dominant features.
Settlement and Development
6.3.39 The town centre of Malmesbury lies approximately 2km to the south of the Application Site and Tetbury lies approximately 4km to the north-west. The pattern of settlement away from these market towns is one of a few small villages, scattered farmsteads and houses and large country estates. Built form is often noticeable, although not prominent, with large farmsteads and buildings set within the landscape. The developed northern edge of Malmesbury is particularly noticeable, with night-time lighting very apparent.
Topography
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6.3.40 The topography of the study area is low-lying and undulating, with gentle slopes and a broad landform. The highest ground is to the north-west of the study area on the edge of the Cotswolds, where it reaches around 115m AOD. In the northern part of the study area the landform rises gently to a broad, even and elevated plateau, also at around 115m AOD. Much of the remainder of the study area lies at between 85 and 100m AOD with the lowest elevation being associated with the river valley of the Avon to the west of the Application Site, where the lowest point lies at around 75m AOD. The Application Site itself lies around 94m AOD.
Public Rights of Way
6.3.41 There are no public footpaths, permissive routes or other rights of way across the Application Site. The nearest PRoW is to the west of the B4014, opposite the proposed entrance and runs between the road and Brokenborough. Here several footpaths criss- cross the same field.
6.3.42 There is a low occurrence of PRoWs generally within the study area. There is only one public right of way within the triangular parcel of land surrounding the Application Site, bounded by the B4014 to the west and south, the A429 to the east and the minor road to the north. This PRoW is the byway running along the Fosse Way, at around 1.6km. Refer to Figure 6.1 for the location of the PRoWs within the study area.
Visual Amenity
6.3.43 Existing visibility of the Application Site is illustrated on Figure 6.3 - Visual Analysis. Key viewpoints are illustrated on Figure 6.4 - Viewpoint Locations. The viewpoint photographs are illustrated on Figures 6.6 to 6.14. These views have been selected to represent key visual receptors but may also illustrate effects on landscape receptors and character areas where appropriate.
Visual Analysis
6.3.44 The potential Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) of the Proposed Development is relatively limited and potential visual receptors are relatively restricted. Based on the topographical study in combination with field observations, the distance boundaries for the assessment have been set at: Up to 1km Close Distance – the Proposed Development is likely to be a recognisable and prominent new element and potential viewpoints are very likely. 1km to 2km Middle Distance – the proposed Development is likely to be a recognisable but not a prominent new element in views and potential viewpoints are possible. 2km to 5km Long Distance – the Proposed Development may be noticed in clear conditions but without the perception of detail and potential viewpoints are likely to be few.
6.3.45 A combination of landform and vegetation will determine the overall zone of visibility of the Application Site. Visual containment by the coniferous plantations to the north and deciduous woodland and landform in other directions results in the potential ZVI of the development being restricted. There are no longer distance views beyond around 3km.
Brief Description of Key Viewpoints
6.3.46 The key views for the appraisal were selected from a number of viewpoints assessed in the field, based on an initial desktop evaluation of the topography. Locations visited but omitted due to a lack of visibility include the byway along the Fosse Way and
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL the A429. In other areas, field observations indicated no views from publicly accessible locations, including several PRoW near Brokenborough.
6.3.47 The available views to the proposed Application Site are from PRoWs, one minor unclassified road and the road/pavements on the edge of Malmesbury, as listed below. Viewpoints within 1km: Public footpaths BROK13 and BROK1 to the west of the Application Site towards Brokenborough. Viewpoints between 1 and 2km: Pavement on B4014 on northern edge of Malmesbury to the south and from public footpath BROK18 and the unclassified road to the north. Viewpoints between 2 and 3km: Pavement on B4014 on edge of Long Newnton to the north-west. Viewpoints greater than 3km: Public footpath NSM17 at Estcourt Park to the west (in Gloucestershire)
Residential properties
6.3.48 There are several private residential properties that are likely to have views of the Proposed Development. These were not visited as they are not publicly accessible but include: Quobwell Farmhouse immediately adjacent to the Application Site. Quobwell Cottages beside the proposed vehicular entrance at the B4014. Cooper Farmhouse to the north-west. Dwellings on the northern edge of Malmesbury on both sides of the B4014. Properties on the eastern edge of Brokenborough.
6.4 ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS
6.4.1 This section will consider the effects on landscape and visual elements as a result of the Proposed Development. The scheme design includes landscape mitigation and is illustrated in Figure 6.5. Effects have been assessed during the construction phase and for the completed development, once mitigation measures have become established.
6.4.2 The establishment period for planting varies considerably depending on species choice, soil type, local climate, planting conditions and on-going management. With good husbandry, it is likely that native species, woodland style planting introduced as young stock, will begin to establish and thicken after 3 to 5 years and become taller and denser and begin to provide some screening, after 6 to 8 years. Full establishment of planting to provide screening may take at least 10- 12 years.
Landscape Effects
Construction Effects on Landscape
6.4.3 During construction of the Proposed Development, landscape effects are likely to be greatest at the initial stages of construction as a result of earth moving and land re- modelling. The effects will also be greatest at a site and local landscape scale. The likely landscape effects would arise from: Removal of vegetation; Stripping and stockpiling of soils; Landform re-grading; The widening of the vehicular entrance from the B4014; The construction of a spur access road from the farm track; The presence of construction compounds; and The activities of construction including the movement of heavy construction plant, tall machinery and increased dust and noise.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
Effects on Landscape Features
6.4.4 The Proposed Development will retain the existing stone wall on the southern boundary and all existing mature trees and hedgerows on the eastern boundary. The hedgerow along the existing farm track will be retained apart from a section to accommodate the new vehicular access. This will require the removal of around 30m of hedgerow where the access road will lead off the existing farm track. In addition, access from the B4014 will require the removal of approximately 82m of hedgerow and one tree to the north of the new entrance to accommodate sight lines. A small 2-3m section of hedgerow to the south of the entrance will also require removal to widen the access.
6.4.5 The field is currently arable land with only narrow strips of grassland at the margins. The new landform will be excavated within the open field with the topsoil and subsoil stripped and used to form the mound around the northern and western perimeters of the Proposed Development. This will provide some screening during construction operations.
6.4.6 There are judged to be some features sensitive to disturbance and using the criteria set out in Table 6.1 the sensitivity of landscape features is considered to be medium. There is the capacity to accommodate some change without an impact on the landscape features.
Construction
6.4.7 During construction there will be large scale ground modelling and movement of equipment and construction activity. Landscape features and trees to be retained will require protection from potential damage or contamination. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change is considered to be medium as there will be partial alteration of the landscape features and landform. The effects will be direct, temporary adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Operation
6.4.8 The proposed landscape mitigation will introduce new features including woodland areas, hedgerows and species-rich grassland. The range of habitats and biodiversity will increase through the planting of native species, which will be of benefit to wildlife. Overall there will be a gain in the amount and variety of landscape features. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change is considered to be medium as there will be alteration to the landscape features and key elements of the Application Site. The effects will be direct, permanent beneficial. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Effects on Landscape Character
National Character - Avon Vale National Character Area
6.4.9 The section of the study area over which the Proposed Development has the potential to have an impact is typical of the wider Avon Vale NCA. It is a low-lying, undulating clay vale with a mix of arable and pasture land use, and low ridges providing local views. Field sizes are less typical in that they are generally medium to large sized in the study area but are typically bounded by hedgerows with few hedgerow trees. There is a greater presence of rectilinear blocks of plantation coniferous woodland than is found elsewhere in the character area. The presence of large estates and country houses is typical.
6.4.10 Whilst the Application Site is relatively open, it is only visible from localised areas within the Avon Vale NCA, as a result of the low-lying landform and the woodland blocks within the local landscape. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.1 the sensitivity of the
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL section of the character area that falls within the study area is assessed as medium. There is the capacity to accommodate some change without an impact on the character of the area overall.
6.4.11 There would be a change in the pattern and cover of the land at a localised level which would lead to a reduction in the strength of the contribution the Application Site makes to the national landscape character area. The retention of hedgerows and trees on key boundaries are important in retaining some characterization. The Proposed Development would not cause the permanent loss of field boundaries and would introduce new hedgerows.
Construction
6.4.12 During construction there will be large scale earth modelling and movement of equipment and construction activity, which will result in a localised loss of tranquillity and, where there is connectivity with the wider character area will cause some localised visual intrusion. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change during construction on the overall character area is considered to be low. The effects will be direct, temporary adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR
Operation
6.4.13 The Proposed Development would represent a very minor loss of key characteristics over a localised area. Substantial mitigation planting of native species is included as part of the scheme design and this will help assimilate the development into the landscape. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change is considered to be medium as there will be a partial alteration of the landscape features and key elements. The effects will be direct, neutral permanent. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
North Wiltshire Landscape Character: Minety and Malmesbury Rolling Lowland
6.4.14 The section of the character area that falls within the study area is not wholly typical of the larger character area, with a greater presence of coniferous plantations and with a predominance of large arable fields. The Application Site is visible from localised areas within the character area, although it is screened from many locations by the undulating landform and coniferous plantations. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2, the sensitivity of the section of the character area that falls within the study area is assessed as medium.
6.4.15 The Proposed Development would represent a minor loss of key characteristics over a localised area. There will be a change in the pattern and land cover at the Application Site which will lead to a reduction in the strength of the contribution this makes to the district landscape character area. However, the Proposed Development will not cause any key views within the character area to be lost or changed. Existing hedgerows and trees will be retained as far as possible and new woodland, tree and hedgerow planting will occur. Whilst the scale of the Proposed Development is large, it would be associated with the existing built form at Quobwell Farm.
Construction
6.4.16 During construction there will be large scale earth modelling and movement of equipment and construction activity on the Application Site, which will result in a loss of tranquillity and, where there is connectivity with the wider character area will cause visual intrusion. In close proximity there is likely to be audible intrusion over a localised area. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change during construction is considered is considered to be medium. The effects will be direct, temporary adverse.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Operation
6.4.17 The Proposed Development would represent a minor loss of key characteristics over a localised area. Substantial mitigation planting as part of the scheme design will help assimilate the Proposed Development into the setting and introduce landscape features typical of the character area, including native hedgerows and deciduous woodland planting. No key views would be lost, in line with the key management strategies for the character area, and there would be limited visual connectivity between the Proposed Development and the adjacent parts of character area once the planting is established. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change is considered to be low as there will be a partial alteration of the landscape features and key elements of the Application Site. The effects will be direct, permanent adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
North Wiltshire Landscape Character: Sherston Dipslope Lowland
6.4.18 This character area lies to the north of the Application Site and the section that falls within the study area is broadly consistent with the larger character area, with broad low hills, shallow valleys and large amalgamated fields. There is a greater presence of coniferous plantations and predominance of arable fields than is typical elsewhere outside the study area. There is limited connectivity between the character area and the Application Site, largely restricted to areas immediately to the north as a result of lack of public access, topography and the presence of coniferous plantations. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.1, the sensitivity of the section of the character area that falls within the study area is assessed as medium.
6.4.19 The Proposed Development would not cause the direct loss of any key characteristics and would not cause any key views to be lost or any notable changed. There would be some inter-visibility from parts of the character area, as a result of the scale of the Proposed Development. There will be a small amount of change in the pattern and land cover which will be apparent from this character area, but there will be no direct impact on the landscape character area. The Proposed Development will not cause the loss of existing trees or significant sections of hedgerow as perceived from this character area.
Construction
6.4.20 During construction there will be large scale earth modelling and movement of equipment and construction activity on the Application Site, which will result in a loss of tranquillity and, where there is connectivity with the character area, this will cause visual intrusion. Close to the edge of the character area there may be some audible intrusion. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change during construction is considered is considered to be low. The effects will be indirect, temporary adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
Operation
6.4.21 Substantial mitigation planting as part of the scheme design will help assimilate the Proposed Development into the setting. There would be limited visual connectivity between the Proposed Development and the nearby parts of the character area once the planting is established. The mitigation proposals will introduce typical landscape features into the adjacent character area, including native hedgerows and deciduous woodland planting, which may be perceived from this character area. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible as there will be a very minor
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL alteration to landscape features and key elements. The effects will be indirect, neutral permanent. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Wiltshire Landscape Character: Malmesbury–Corsham Limestone Lowlands Character Area
6.4.22 The Application Site lies within the 16a Malmesbury–Corsham Limestone Lowlands character area, as described in the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment. The section of the study area within which the Proposed Development is located is broadly typical of the character area. It is gently undulating lowland farmland which does not contain the open, high ground offering wide views, as found in some other parts of the character area. The Application Site is relatively flat and open and is visible from localised areas within the character area, although it is screened from many locations by the undulating landform and woodland blocks within the landscape. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.1, the sensitivity of the section of the character area that falls within the study area is assessed as medium.
6.4.23 The Proposed Development would represent a minor loss of key characteristics over a localised area. Whilst the scale of the development is large, substantial mitigation planting is proposed as part of the scheme design to boundaries and within the Application Site. Whilst there will be a change in the pattern and land cover which will lead to a reduction in the strength of the contribution this makes to the county landscape character area, the retention of hedgerows and trees within the Proposed Development will be important in retaining the character of the area. The Proposed Development will not cause the permanent loss of field boundaries and would introduce new hedgerows.
Construction
6.4.24 During construction there will be large scale earth modelling and movement of equipment and construction activity on the Application Site, which will result in a loss of tranquillity and, where there is connectivity with the character area will cause visual intrusion. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change during construction is considered is considered to be medium. The effects will be direct, temporary adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Operation
6.4.25 The landscape mitigation will help assimilate the Proposed Development into the landscape setting and new features, including hedgerows and woodland planting which will be introduced that will lead to an increase in the amount and range of landscape features typical of the character area. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change is considered to be low as there will be partial alteration of the landscape features and key elements of the Application Site. The effects will be direct, permanent adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
The Study Area and Local Landscape Character
6.4.26 The study area is predominantly rural and the landscape character is broadly consistent with the wider published character area assessments. There are some detractors near the Application Site, such as influence of the urban edge of Malmesbury and the sense of a highly intensive agricultural land use. Consequently, the local area does not have a high sense of remoteness or tranquillity, whilst further to the west within the study area there is a greater sense of remoteness and tranquillity. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.1 the sensitivity of the study area and local landscape overall is assessed as medium.
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6.4.27 The Application Site is relatively flat and open. It is visible from localised areas, although it is screened from many locations by the undulating landform and woodland blocks within the local landscape. Whilst the Proposed Development is not located in a prominent position, it has the potential to result in a partial loss or alteration of key components of the local landscape. It will introduce a large built form that could be considered at odds with the scale and character of the local landscape. The alteration of the landform through the introduction of mounds is likely to contribute further to impacts on the local character surrounding the Application Site.
Construction
6.4.28 During construction there will be large scale earth modelling and movement of equipment and construction activity on the Application Site. There will be audible intrusion and a reduction of tranquillity and the works will cause notable visual intrusion within the adjacent areas. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change for the local landscape during construction is considered to be medium. The effects will be direct, temporary adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Operation
6.4.29 Robust mitigation is proposed as part of the Proposed Development, including the introduction of hedgerows to new boundaries, woodland planting on the mound and offsite planting on the adjacent field next to the southern boundary. These will, once established, assimilate the Proposed Development into the local landscape. The planting to the mound will appear as a woodland block in time, reflecting the local land pattern and the hedgerows will introduce new field boundaries. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change is considered to be low as there will be minor alteration of the landscape features and key elements of the Application Site. The effects will be direct, permanent adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
The Setting of the Cotswold AONB
6.4.30 There is some inter-visibility between the Application Site and the AONB, although the number of public locations where there are potential views is limited by the undulating, well-wooded landscape. There is some visibility from the south-eastern edge of the village of Long Newnton within the AONB, where the land drops away and there are open views towards the south-east for a short distance. There is no inter-visibility from PRoWs within the AONB, such as the byway along the Fosse Way, due to dense vegetation along the route.
6.4.31 There will be a small amount of change in the pattern and land cover which will be apparent within this localised area of the AONB setting. As a result of the gently undulating nature of the landform and the presence of woodland blocks and vegetation, the landscape can accommodate some change without loss of character or impact upon the AONB itself. The nearby presence of the built up area of Malmesbury lends some detracting influences to the AONB setting. Using the criteria set out in Appendix 3, the sensitivity of that part of the AONB setting falling within the study area is assessed as medium.
6.4.32 To minimise the potential for the Proposed Development to have an adverse effect on the setting of the AONB, landscape mitigation measures have been proposed to provide substantial screening from the direction of the AONB. These measures include a broad block of woodland planting to the mound and a hedgerow on the new boundary. Once this is established the Proposed Development will become integrated into the wider landscape.
Construction
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6.4.33 The construction activity will be confined to a very localised area within the setting of the AONB. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change brought about as a result of the Proposed Development on the character and integrity of the AONB setting is considered to be negligible in relation to the proportion of the AONB landscape affected. The effects will be indirect, temporary neutral. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Operation
6.4.34 The Proposed Development will represent a very minor alteration to characteristics of the setting of the AONB within a relatively localised area. Despite the scale of the Proposed Development, it will form a minor component in the wider landscape as perceived from the AONB itself. The Proposed Development will not block or interfere with views and will not breach the skyline when viewed from the limited number of potential public viewpoints within the AONB. Additionally, the Proposed Development will not cause an abrupt change of landscape character, as it a localised change within the wider landscape and it will not be seen in isolation. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3, the magnitude of change brought about as a result of the Proposed Development on the character and integrity of the AONB setting is considered to be negligible in relation to the proportion of the AONB landscape affected. The effects will be indirect, permanent neutral. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Public Rights of Way
6.4.35 There are no PRoW within the Application Site and there will be no direct impacts upon any footpaths or rights of way as a result of the Proposed Development. There may be an impact upon the experiential qualities of people using the PRoWs nearby. Refer to the visual assessment for an analysis of these effects.
6.4.36 No effects are predicted on PRoW during construction or operation. There will be no change.
Effects on Visual Amenity and Views
6.4.37 A total of 9 views were taken to illustrate the Application Site and its appearance in publicly available views. The viewpoints range from a distance of 600m to 3.3km from the centre of the Application Site. The elevation of viewpoints ranges from 94 metres AOD (Above Ordnance Datum) to 111m AOD, in comparison to the Application Site centre at around 94 metres. Photographs were taken in December 2015 therefore in winter with relation to vegetation density. The viewpoint photographs are illustrated in Figures 6.6 to 6.14.
6.4.38 The viewpoints considered are in Table 6.5 below and the viewpoint locations are illustrated on Figure 6.4.
Table 6.5: Viewpoints Viewpoint Location Distance from Elevation Grid Centre of (AOD) Reference Application Site 1 Footpath (BROK1) near 600m 94m E:392355 entrance to Quobwell N:189434 Farm 2 Footpath (BROK 13) 600m 94m E:392308 near B40014 N:189550
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3 Footpath (BROK 13) to 1km 95m E:391924 north N:189365 4 Pavement of B4014 on 1.1km 94m E:393124 edge of Malmesbury N:188676 5 Pavement of B4014 on 1.2km 90m E:393446 edge of Malmesbury N:188667 6 Junction of footpath 1.4km 111m E:393466 (BROK1) and road to N:190890 north 7 Minor road to north 1.8km 111m E:392326 N:191492 8 Pavement at Long 2.8km 110m E:390860 Newton N:191959 9 Footpath (NSM17) at 3.3km 107m E:389732 Estcourt Park N:190827
Viewpoint 1 – From footpath BROK1 near the entrance to Quobwell Farm
6.4.39 A close distance view taken from approximately 500m west of the Proposed Development looking east. The view looks across the B4014 and one of the gardens of Quobwell Cottages and along the track to Quobwell Farm. The mature oak trees are visible along the farm track. The Application Site is clearly visible in the middle distance within the large field beyond the cottages. The plantation woodland called L Strip forms a backdrop on the horizon. The viewpoint was selected to illustrate close distance views and the immediate context around the Application Site. The extent of the view drops away as the footpath crosses the field westwards.
6.4.40 Receptors will be users of the PRoW. Receptors walking across the footpath in the field towards the road will directly face the Proposed Development. It also represents the potential view of road users and nearby residents in Quobwell Cottages. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be medium.
Visual Effects
Construction
6.4.41 During construction the movement of equipment and construction activity will be experienced in close proximity and the works will also be audible. The works to the vehicular entrance will be seen in the foreground and the vehicular movements to the construction site will be seen in close proximity. The hedgerow removal along the B4014 will be clearly apparent and taller elements will be visible above the hedgerow. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be high due to the works forming a significant and immediately apparent element of the scene. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: HIGH Scale of Effect: MAJOR
Operation
6.4.42 The view will change from an essentially rural scene encompassing farm buildings, track and cottages to one featuring an industrial element. The digester tanks will be tallest element and may break the skyline from lower locations on the path. The Proposed Development will visibly extend across the field. The altered vehicular entrance will be
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL seen in the foreground and the vehicular movements to the Proposed Development will be seen in close proximity. Once the mitigation planting on the western boundary and mounds is established it will provide screening of the lower level elements and help assimilate the Proposed Development into the setting. The tallest elements may remain visible above the tree line. In time, the mitigation planting will appear as a woodland block, reflecting the local land pattern and the hedgerows will introduce new field boundaries. The replacement hedgerow and hedgerow trees beside the road will filter views. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be medium. The effects will be direct, permanent and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Viewpoint 2 – From footpath BROK13 near the stile beside the B4014
6.4.43 A close distance view taken from approximately 600m west of the Proposed Development looking east. The view looks across the B4014 towards the large field where the Application Site is clearly visible immediately beyond the roadside hedgerow. Woodland is visible on the horizon beyond, including the L Strip plantation and trees along the tributary stream. The viewpoint was selected to illustrate open, close distance views and the immediate context around the Application Site.
6.4.44 Receptors will be users of the PRoW and road users. It may also represent the potential view experienced by nearby residents in Quobwell Cottages. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be medium.
Visual Effects
Construction
6.4.45 During construction the movement of equipment and construction activity will be experienced in close proximity by the receptors in this location. Vehicular movements and construction activities across the whole Application Site will be clearly apparent with taller elements breaking the skyline. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be high due to the works forming a significant and immediately apparent element of the scene. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: HIGH Scale of Effect: MAJOR
Operation
6.4.46 The Proposed Development will form a prominent and immediately apparent element in the view. The view will change from an essentially rural, agricultural scene taking in fields, woodland and farm buildings to one dominated by an industrial element. The digester tanks will be tallest element and are likely to break the skyline. Other elements of the Proposed Development may be visible above the mounds, but the mounds will screen lower parts. Whilst the AD plant will visibly extend across the field, it will be seen in association with the existing farm buildings. Once the mitigation woodland planting on the mounds and the hedgerow along the boundary is established, they will provide screening and help assimilate the Proposed Development into the scene. The tallest elements may remain visible above the tree line. The replacement hedgerow and hedgerow trees beside the road will filter views in the foreground. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be medium. The effects will be direct, permanent and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Viewpoint 3 – From footpath BROK13 at the field boundary
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6.4.47 A close distance view taken at approximately 1km west of the Proposed Development looking east. The view is across an arable field towards the B4014. Quobwell Cottages are visible in the middle distance. The Application Site is visible beyond the hedgerows and mature trees are seen lining the road. The conifer trees within L Strip Plantation can be seen beyond on the skyline and other woodland extends south on the horizon. The viewpoint was selected to illustrate potential views from close to the edge of Brokenborough from a well-used footpath.
6.4.48 Receptors will be users of the PRoW. Receptors passing from one field to another travelling eastwards on the footpath will be directly facing the Proposed Development. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be medium.
Visual Effects
Construction
6.4.49 During construction the movement of equipment and construction activity will be apparent with some visual and audible intrusion. Taller elements will be visible above the intervening hedgerows. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be medium as the works will be readily noticed by the observer. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Operation
6.4.50 The view will change from a rural, agricultural scene of fields, with little visible built form to one with a visible industrial element. The taller elements, including the digester tanks, will be visible above the intervening hedgerows and the tanks are likely to just break the skyline. The new built form will introduce an industrial element into the scene. The existing retained trees along the B4014 will slightly filter views during leaf cover. Once established, the mitigation woodland planting on the western boundary and mound will screen lower elements of the Proposed Development. The taller structures may be just visible above the tree line. New tree planting along the B4014 will also filter views. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be low. The effects will be direct, permanent and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
Viewpoint 4 – From the pavement on the edge of Malmesbury
6.4.51 A middle distance, framed view taken through a field gateway approximately 1.1km to the south-east of Proposed Development. The view is across fields and field boundaries towards Quobwell Farm. The conifers at Quobwell Farm and the farm buildings are visible and the Application Site can be seen as a green wedge between hedgerows. The conifer trees within Quobwell plantation can be seen beyond and woodland on the higher ground can be seen on the skyline to the north. Mature hedgerow trees on intervening field boundaries filter the view slightly. The viewpoint was selected to illustrate potential views from the edge of Malmesbury, both from the roadside and potentially from adjacent properties.
6.4.52 Receptors will be pedestrians on the pavement and nearby residents. Receptors on the pavement will have a passing view and nearby residential properties directly facing the Proposed Development will have similar views from first or upper floor windows. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be medium.
Visual Effects
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
Construction
6.4.53 During construction the movement of equipment and construction activity will be apparent beyond the intervening hedgerows, with the potential for some audible intrusion. Taller elements are likely to break the skyline. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be medium as the works will be readily noticed by the observer. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: MEDIUM Scale of Effect: MODERATE
Operation The Proposed Development will be clearly visible, seen in association with the existing built form at Quobwell Farm. The digester tanks will be the tallest visible form and may break the skyline when viewed from street level. Other elements will be visible above the hedgerows, extending the built form and introducing an industrial element into the scene. The intervening trees on the field boundaries will filter views during leaf cover. The proposed mitigation planting along the southern boundary will provide screening once established, reducing the amount of visible form to only the tallest elements above the tree line or as glimpsed views through vegetation during leaf fall. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be low as the Proposed Development will be minor component of the wider view. The effects will be direct, permanent and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
Viewpoint 5 – From the pavement on the edge of Malmesbury
6.4.54 A middle distance view taken from the edge of the urban area, further east along the pavement to Viewpoint 4. It looks over the roadside hedgerow, looking north and is approximately 1.2km from the Proposed Development. The farmhouse, buildings and group of conifers at Quobwell Farm are visible. The Application Site is seen as a green wedge between field boundaries, partly screened by intervening trees on field boundaries. The coniferous trees of Quobwell Plantation are seen on the skyline beyond. The slightly elevated ground to the north also forms the horizon in part. The viewpoint was selected to illustrate potential views from the edge of Malmesbury both from the roadside and, potentially, adjacent properties.
6.4.55 Receptors will be pedestrians on the pavement and nearby residents. Receptors on the pavement will have a view over the roadside hedgerow. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be medium.
Visual Effects
Construction
6.4.56 During construction, the movement of equipment and construction activity will be apparent beyond the intervening hedgerows, with some potentially audible intrusion. Taller elements are likely to break the skyline. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be low as the works will constitute a minor component of the wider view. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
Operation
6.4.57 The Proposed Development will be partially visible and will be seen adjacent to the existing built form at Quobwell Farm. The digester tanks will be the tallest visible form but are unlikely to break the skyline as a result of the conifer plantation in the background. Other elements will be visible above the hedgerows, extending the extent of built form
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL and introducing an industrial element in the scene. The intervening trees on the field boundaries will screen some of the structures during leaf cover. The proposed mitigation planting along the southern boundary will provide additional screening once established, reducing the amount of visible form to only the tallest elements seen above the tree line or as glimpsed views through vegetation during leaf fall. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible as the Proposed Development will constitute a very minor component of the view. The effects will be direct, permanent and neutral. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Viewpoint 6 – From the minor road between Long Newnton and the A429
6.4.58 A middle distance view taken at the junction of the footpath (BROK1) and the minor road to the north of the Application Site, at approximately 1.4km. The view is through a field gateway across an arable field with coniferous plantations in the middle distance framing a longer distance view to the south-west. The Application Site can be seen in the middle distance as a narrow green wedge, partially screened by the conifer plantations and hedgerows on field boundaries. The viewpoint has been selected to represent localised views from the slightly elevated ground to the north of the Application Site.
6.4.59 Receptors will be users of the PRoW and the local road. Receptors at the end of the footpath travelling southwards will directly face the Proposed Development. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be medium.
Visual Effects
Construction
6.4.60 During construction the movement of equipment and construction activity will be apparent beyond intervening hedgerows. The earth moving and ground modelling will be visible through the gap in the vegetation, although some of the works will be partially screened by the conifer plantation. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be low as the works will constitute a minor component of the wider view. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR TO MODERATE
Operation
6.4.61 Whilst the Proposed Development will be readily noticeable between the conifer plantations, it will be only partially visible. The digester tanks are likely to be largely screened by the conifers. Other built elements of the plant and the mound will be visible above the intervening hedgerows but will not break the skyline. Mitigation planting on the northern boundary and on the mound will largely screen the development from view once established, with just glimpsed views possible. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible as the Proposed Development will constitute a very minor component of the view. The effects will be direct, permanent and neutral. Sensitivity: MEDIUM Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Viewpoint 7 – From the minor road between Long Newnton and the A429
6.4.62 A middle distance view taken through a field gate on the minor road to the north- west of the Application Site, at approximately 1.8km. The view is through a gap in the hedgerow across large arable fields and boundary hedgerows. There are long distance
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL views to the south towards the edge of Malmesbury and to higher ground in the far distance beyond. The horizon is formed by the far distant hills, punctuated by conifer plantations in the middle distance. The Application Site is visible between the plantations. The viewpoint has been selected to represent localised views from the slightly elevated ground to the north. The view also illustrates the predominantly rural nature of the study area.
6.4.63 Receptors will be users of the local road. Views will be glimpsed through gaps in the roadside hedgerows. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be low.
Visual Effects
Construction
6.4.64 During construction some movement of equipment and construction activity will be apparent beyond intervening vegetation on field boundaries. However, much of the low level activity will be screened by intervening hedgerows, with only taller plant likely to be visible above the vegetation. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be low as the works will constitute a minor component of the wider view. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: LOW Magnitude: LOW Scale of Effect: MINOR
Operation
6.4.65 The Proposed Development will be noticeable between the conifer plantations but will be only partially visible beyond the furthest visible hedgerow. The taller elements such as the digester tanks are likely to be visible but will not break the skyline. Other built elements of the plant and the mounds will be visible above the hedgerows, with the urban edge of Malmesbury seen beyond. Intervening trees will filter views and break up the visibility of the Proposed Development. Mitigation planting to the mound on the northern boundary will largely screen the development from view, once established. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible as the Proposed Development will constitute a very minor component of the view. The effects will be direct, permanent neutral. Sensitivity: LOW Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Viewpoint 8 – From the pavement at Long Newnton
6.4.66 A long distance view from the southern edge of Long Newnton within the Cotswold AONB, approximately 2.8km from the Proposed Development. The view looks south- easterly across large fields of pasture and hedgerows on field boundaries. The slightly more elevated position overlooks the ground in the middle distance, towards hills in the far distance views to the south-east. Quobwell Plantations are visible in the middle distance and between the plantations the Application Site is just visible. The viewpoint has been selected as it is within the AONB, from the more elevated ground to the north-west and potentially adjacent residential dwellings. The view also illustrates the predominantly rural nature of the study area.
6.4.67 Receptors will be pedestrians, users of the local road and nearby residents. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be high.
Visual Effects
Construction
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
6.4.68 During construction some movement of equipment and construction activity may be just visible between the conifer plantations and beyond the far hedgerow. However, much of the works will be screened by the conifers. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible as the works will constitute a very minor component of the wider view as to only be visible when deliberately sought out. The effects will be direct, temporary and adverse. Sensitivity: HIGH Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Operation
6.4.69 The Proposed Development is likely to be just perceptible between the conifer plantations but only partially seen above intervening vegetation. The tall digester tanks may be just perceptible, largely screened by the conifer plantation. Once established, the mitigation planting will screen the Proposed Development and it will be barely perceptible in the broad, far reaching view. Nearby residential properties directly facing the development will have a similar view from ground floor windows. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.3 the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible as the Proposed Development will constitute a very minor component of the overall view as to only be visible when deliberately sought out. The effects will be direct, permanent and neutral. Sensitivity: HIGH Magnitude: NEGLIGIBLE Scale of Effect: NEGLIGIBLE
Viewpoint 9 – from footpath BAYD27 to the east
6.4.70 A long distance view taken from a footpath within the registered historic park at Estcourt Park, approximately 3.3km from the Proposed Development. The view overlooks the paddocks of the stud farm in a south-easterly direction. It is a long distance view from this slightly elevated position, with woodland stretching along the horizon in the far distance. The water tower at Malmesbury is just visible on the skyline. The Application Site is screened from view by the dense trees and woodland blocks in the intervening landscape. The Proposed Development will not be visible. The viewpoint has been selected to illustrate potential views from the more elevated ground within the AONB and from the registered historic park and garden.
6.4.71 Receptors will be users the PRoW and nearby residents. Using the criteria set out in Table 6.2 the sensitivity is considered to be high.
Visual Effects
6.4.72 Neither the construction works or the Proposed Development will be visible. It will be screened by the intervening trees and woodland within the intervening landscape. No effects are predicted during construction or operation. There will be no change.
Residential receptors
6.4.73 There are a number of residential dwellings that will potentially have views of the Proposed Development. These have been assessed from nearby public locations and from assumptions made as to the likely visibility and are an indication only as to the potential visual effects.
6.4.74 The greatest effects are likely to be experienced by residents in close proximity, including:
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL
Quobwell Farmhouse: It is likely that much of the Proposed Development both during construction and operation will be screened from the farmhouse itself by the existing barns and buildings within the farmstead and partially by the small coniferous shelterbelt immediately to the east of the farmhouse. There are likely to be framed, glimpsed views and the mitigation planting along the southern boundary will provide additional screening once established. Quobwell Cottages: There will be direct, close distance views from ground and first floor windows at the rear. The Proposed Development will be immediately apparent and prominent and vehicular movements to the plant will be seen in close proximity. The removal of roadside hedgerow will open up the northern cottage to the road. Once the mitigation planting on the western boundary and mound is established it will provide screening to the lower level elements and, once established, will appear as a woodland block in the scene, largely screen views. Viewpoint 1 is taken close to the cottages and Viewpoint 2 is taken to the north-west. Cooper Farmhouse: It is not thought any windows directly face the Application Site and that the Proposed Development is likely to be screened from the farmhouse by the existing barns and buildings within the farmstead and by vegetation on intervening field boundaries.
6.4.75 Further afield there are a number of dwellings from which residents may have views, most likely from first floor windows, including: Properties on edge of Malmesbury: Properties that have windows directly facing northwards are likely to have clear views of the Proposed Development during construction and operation. Vegetation on intervening field boundaries will filter views, with taller elements more noticeable above intervening vegetation. The proposed mitigation planting along the southern boundary will provide screening once established, reducing the amount of visible form to only the tallest elements or as glimpsed views through vegetation during leaf fall. Viewpoints 4 and 5 are taken from the edge of the built up area. Properties on edge of Brokenborough: It is unlikely that any properties will have clear views of the Proposed Development during construction or operation due to intervening landform and vegetation. If views are possible it is likely to be just glimpsed views of the top of the tallest elements from first floor windows directly facing the Proposed Development.
6.5 MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENTS
Landscape Mitigation Measures
6.5.1 Landscape mitigation measures are proposed as part of the scheme design as the scale of the Proposed Development demands a robust and well-considered landscape framework. The mitigation is primarily aimed at the scale, mass and siting of the Proposed Development and aims to reduce or eliminate any potential adverse effects on landscape character and visual amenity within the local area and also on the landscape character and setting of the AONB. Given the scale of the Proposed Development within the local area and the semi-rural location, the design strategy and mitigation measures aim to be responsive to the landscape character of the locality and reduce the amount of change in the landscape.
6.5.2 The key objectives are: Retain the existing hedgerows and trees as much as possible; Replace sections of hedgerow lost to the development in new locations or alignment; Filter and screen close and middle distance views from the west, north and south; Integrate the Proposed Development within its setting and the wider landscape; Create landscape features that reflect local character, such as hedgerows; Increase biodiversity and provide opportunities for wildlife; and
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Provide a long-term landscape framework.
6.5.3 Planting has been strategically located to screen the Proposed Development from key directions and proposed at a scale to reflect the character of the local landscape and the scale of the Proposed Development. The proposed mitigation measures can be summarised as: A mound wrapping around the northern and western sides, utilising excavated material and at a maximum height of 4.5m; Woodland planting of native species to the mound; Native species hedgerows to the boundaries where none currently exist (on the northern and western boundaries); Replacement hedgerow on a new alignment along the B4014, including hedgerow trees; Off-site woodland planting of native species along the southern boundary; Planting of native trees along the existing hedgerow to the eastern boundary; Planting of native trees along the hedgerow between the existing barns and the proposed entrance on the southern boundary and beside the new entrance; and Sowing of a low maintenance, species-rich grass mixes to the inner faces of the mound and contiguous areas not planted.
6.5.4 Whilst a mound may be considered at odds with the local landscape character, it will reduce the visual prominence of the structures from key directions. The slopes will be formed with a natural convex/concave profile to ensure the landform is not perceived as an incongruous man-made feature in the local landscape. The planting of it with woodland trees and shrubs will integrate it into the setting once the vegetation is established.
6.5.5 A long-term management plan will also be agreed to ensure the landscape infrastructure and a range of habitats establish successfully.
Construction Phase Mitigation
6.5.6 During construction, specific measures should be in place to protect retained vegetation and minimise the impact on local residents. These include: Protect existing vegetation to be retained in accordance with BS5837: 2012 ‘Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction - Recommendations’. Ensure construction operations do not conflict with conservation interests such as archaeology, or the seasonal requirements of flora and fauna. Careful siting of construction machinery, materials and welfare facilities to avoid unnecessary intrusion; Erection of temporary wooden hoarding around construction areas to clearly delineate working areas; Adoption of a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) to ensure good site management; Form the mound at an early stage to reduce construction phase visibility. Some advanced planting can be undertaken at an early stage and be protected from construction works. This will allow the vegetation to establish more quickly and provide earlier visual and landscape mitigation. It will also provide an additional buffer to construction works.
6.5.7 The landscape mitigation measures are summarised in Table 6.6 below.
Table 6.6: Mitigation Ref Measure to avoid, reduce or How measure would be secured manage any adverse effects By Design By S.106 By and/or to deliver beneficial effects Condition
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1 Mounding to north and west of the AD X plant, planted with woodland species 2 Off-site woodland planting along the X southern boundary to reduce visual intrusion 3 Planting of native trees along the X existing hedgerow to the eastern boundary 4 Native species hedgerows to the X boundaries where none currently exist 5 Replacement hedgerow on a new X alignment along the B4014 and tree planting within hedgerow 6 Planting of native trees at the new X entrance
6.6 CUMULATIVE AND IN COMBINATION EFFECTS
6.6.1 There is one scheme to be assessed for cumulative effects. The scheme is for the construction of livestock buildings at Cowage Farm and lies approximately 2.2km to the south-west of Malmesbury. The proposed development received planning consent on 30th March 2016 (ref 15/11618/FUL) and comprises two buildings measuring 61 x 15m with an eaves height of 3.6m.
6.6.2 The development lies outside the study area for landscape and visual assessment and is over 4km from the Proposed Development. As a result of distance, combined with the low lying nature of the local topography, the intervening built form of Malmesbury and the contained nature of the development, there will be no cumulative or in combination landscape or visual effects.
6.7 SUMMARY
Introduction
6.7.1 This chapter has assessed the landscape and visual effects of the Proposed Development and has followed accepted good practice in trying to make as an objective assessment as possible.
6.7.2 The Proposed Development includes two digester tanks and associated infrastructure such as silage clamps, feeders, lagoons, gas flare, gas tanks and office. It also includes the formation of a mound for screening, a white water attenuation pond and a spur track from an existing farm track leading from the B4014.
Baseline Conditions
6.7.3 The Application Site is located on land currently used for arable production. The boundaries are formed by a combination of hedgerows with several mature trees, a stone wall, the rear of farm buildings and barns and open field. The landform is relatively flat, lying at around 94m Above Ordnance Datum. There are no public rights of way across the Application Site.
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6.7.4 There are several landscape character assessments covering the area. The Application Site lies within the Minety and Malmesbury Rolling Lowland character area as described in the North Wiltshire character assessment. It also lies within the Malmesbury – Corsham Limestone Lowlands character area as defined in the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment. The Application Site and the immediate surrounding area is typical of the landscape character descriptions in that it is a low-lying, undulating landform with a mix of arable and pasture in large amalgamated fields. In the local area, large rectilinear blocks of coniferous plantations form a prominent incongruous feature, but providing notable screening from certain directions. The Application Site lies approximately 800m from the nearest boundary of the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
6.7.5 As a result of topography, vegetation and the low level of public access, views toward the Application Site were found to be limited. The viewpoints were restricted to northern, western and southern directions, with none from the east, due to the lack of public access and the screening provided by vegetation and landform. The closest viewpoints were on the public rights of way to the west with middle distance views from the edge of Malmesbury to the south and from the minor road to the north. Longer distance views were only available from the slightly elevated ground to the north-west, within the AONB. No other viewpoints were found within the AONB as a result of the undulating landform and vegetation within the landscape.
6.8 LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS
Landscape Effects
6.8.1 The effects on landscape features within the Application Site has been assessed as significant during construction and operation due to the changes to the landform and land cover as a result of the Proposed Development.
6.8.2 The effects on the county and district wide character areas within which the Proposed Development lies has been assessed as significant during construction, including the Minety and Malmesbury Rolling Lowland character and the Malmesbury – Corsham Limestone Lowlands character area. During operation the effects on these character areas have been assessed as not significant.
6.8.3 For the local landscape within the study area the effects have been assessed as significant both during construction and operation as a result of the scale of the Proposed Development in relation to the setting in a relatively rural context.
6.8.4 The effects on the Cotswold AONB have been assessed as not significant as the Proposed Development will represent a very minor alteration to the setting of the AONB within a localised area.
Visual Effects
6.8.5 The effects on visual amenity and views from public rights of way in close proximity to the west (viewpoints 1 and 2) have been assessed as significant during construction and operation due to the scale of the Proposed Development in relation to the proximity of the receptors. The robust landscape mitigation proposed as part of the scheme design will reduce the effects, once established, but not mitigate them entirely when viewed in close distance.
6.8.6 For receptors on public rights of way slightly further afield towards Brokenborough and on the edge of Malmesbury (viewpoints 3 and 4) the effects on visual amenity and views have been assessed as significant during construction. The robust landscape mitigation proposed as part of the scheme design will, once established, reduce the effects which will not be significant.
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6.8.7 For all other viewpoints from public rights of way the visual effects have been assessed as not significant during both construction and operation.
6.8.8 No significant effects were assessed during construction or operation from public rights of way within the Cotswold AONB.
6.8.9 For local residents, assumptions on the effects on their visual amenity have been made in this assessment, as access to private property was not undertaken. It was assessed that that those dwellings close to the Proposed Development with direct views from ground or first-floor windows will experience significant effects on their visual amenity both during construction and operation. For those further afield, including dwellings on the edge of Malmesbury directly facing the Proposed Development, it was assessed that residential receptors are likely to experience significant effects on visual amenity during construction but once the landscape mitigation is established the effects will not be significant.
Mitigation
6.8.10 To ensure that the Proposed Development complies with national and regional planning policies, and takes into account the local landscape character and visual amenity, landscape mitigation measures have been included in the scheme design. The structural planting aims to establish new boundaries, integrate the development into the setting and screen key views the west, south and north. The measures include: Replacement hedgerow planting along the B4014 to the north of Quobwell Cottages; A mound to the northern and western sides, at a maximum height of 4.5m, planted with native woodland species; Native species hedgerows to the boundaries where none currently exist; Off-site woodland planting of native species along the southern boundary; Planting of native trees along existing hedgerow boundaries to the east and south; and Sowing of a low maintenance, species-rich grass mixes to the inner faces of the mound and contiguous areas not planted.
Conclusion
6.8.11 It is possible to mitigate against significant adverse visual effects through planting woodland areas and native hedgerows that will screen key views once established. Over time the woodland will develop to progressively screen the Proposed Development from view. With the successful implementation of the planting to filter, screen and reduce views, significant effects upon the visual amenity are predicted to only occur from limited locations in close proximity to the Proposed Development.
6.8.12 The introduction of a large-scale development in a predominantly rural setting will initially have a significant effect on local landscape character. However, over time the effects will be reduced as the mitigation planting matures and the Proposed Development becomes assimilated into the local setting and the wider landscape. With the successful establishment of the planting there will be no significant effects on the landscape character.
6.8.13 The Proposed Development is in line with national and local planning policies relating to supporting renewable energy schemes, enhancement of bio-diversity, green infrastructure and protecting valued landscapes. Upon implementation of the landscape mitigation and its future successful establishment, the Proposed Development can represent a sustainable renewable energy development that can be integrated into the local landscape setting and be restricted to a very localised effect on visual amenity.
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Table 6.7: Summary of Effects, Mitigation and Residual Effects.
Receptor / Description of Nature of Sensitivity Magnitude Geographical Significance Mitigation / Residual Receiving Effect Effect Value of Effect Importance of Effects Enhancement Effects Environment Measures
Construction Landscape Damage to Temporary Medium Medium Local Moderate Tree protection Moderate Features landscape Direct to BS:5837 Adverse features Adoption of CEMP Avon Vale Damage to Temporary Medium Low UK Minor No specific Minor National landscape Direct mitigation Adverse Character character Area Minety and Damage to Temporary Medium Medium District Moderate Tree protection Moderate Malmesbury landscape Direct to BS:5837 Adverse Rolling character Adoption of Lowland CEMP Character Area Sherston Damage to Temporary Medium Low District Minor to No specific Minor to Dipslope landscape Indirect moderate mitigation moderate Character character Adverse Area Malmesbury – Damage to Temporary Medium Medium County Moderate Tree protection Moderate Corsham landscape Direct to BS:5837 Adverse Character character Adoption of Area CEMP
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Study Area Damage to Temporary Medium Medium Local Moderate Tree protection Moderate landscape Direct to BS:5837 Adverse character Adoption of CEMP Viewpoint 1 Damage to Temporary Medium High Local Major Tree protection Major visual amenity Direct to BS:5837 Adverse Adoption of CEMP Viewpoint 2 Damage to Temporary Medium High Local Major Tree protection Major visual amenity Direct to BS:5837 Adverse Adoption of CEMP Viewpoint 3 Damage to Temporary Medium Medium Local Moderate Tree protection Moderate visual amenity Direct to BS:5837 Adverse Adoption of CEMP Viewpoint 4 Damage to Temporary Medium Medium Local Moderate Tree protection Moderate visual amenity Direct to BS:5837 Adverse Adoption of CEMP Viewpoint 5 Damage to Temporary Medium Low Local Minor to Tree protection Minor to visual amenity Direct moderate to BS:5837 moderate Adoption of Adverse CEMP Viewpoint 6 Damage to Temporary Medium Low Local Minor to Tree protection Minor to visual amenity Direct moderate to BS:5837 moderate Adoption of Adverse CEMP
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Viewpoint 7 Damage to Temporary Low Low Local Minor Tree protection Minor Adverse visual amenity Direct to BS:5837 Adoption of CEMP Viewpoint 8 Damage to Temporary Medium Low Local Minor to Tree protection Minor to visual amenity Direct moderate to BS:5837 moderate Adoption of Adverse CEMP Viewpoint 9 Damage to Temporary High None Local No change No specific No change visual amenity Direct mitigation Operation Landscape Damage to Permanent Medium Medium Local Moderate Scheme design Moderate Features landscape Direct landscape Beneficial features mitigation Avon Vale Damage to Permanent Medium Negligible UK Negligible Scheme design Negligible National landscape Direct landscape Character character mitigation Area
Minety and Damage to Permanent Medium Low District Minor to Scheme design Minor to Malmesbury landscape Direct moderate landscape moderate Rolling character mitigation Adverse Lowland Character Area Sherston Damage to Permanent Medium Negligible District Negligible Scheme design Negligible Dipslope landscape Indirect landscape Character character mitigation Area
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Malmesbury – Damage to Permanent Medium Low County Minor to Scheme design Minor to Corsham landscape Direct moderate landscape moderate Character character mitigation Adverse Area Study Area Damage to Permanent Medium Low Local Minor to Scheme design Minor to landscape Direct moderate landscape moderate character mitigation Adverse Viewpoint 1 Damage to Permanent Medium Medium Local Moderate Scheme design Moderate visual amenity Direct landscape Adverse mitigation Viewpoint 2 Damage to Permanent Medium Medium Local Moderate Scheme design Moderate visual amenity Direct landscape Adverse mitigation Viewpoint 3 Damage to Permanent Medium Low Local Minor to Scheme design Minor to visual amenity Direct moderate landscape moderate mitigation Viewpoint 4 Damage to Permanent Medium Low Local Minor to Scheme design Minor to visual amenity Direct moderate landscape moderate mitigation Viewpoint 5 Damage to Permanent Medium Negligible Local Negligible Scheme design Negligible visual amenity Direct landscape mitigation Viewpoint 6 Damage to Permanent Medium Negligible Local Negligible Scheme design Negligible visual amenity Direct landscape mitigation Viewpoint 7 Damage to Permanent Low Negligible Local Negligible Scheme design Negligible visual amenity Direct landscape mitigation
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Viewpoint 8 Damage to Permanent Medium Negligible Local Negligible Scheme design Negligible visual amenity Direct landscape mitigation
Viewpoint 9 Damage to Permanent High None Local No change None required No change visual amenity Direct
Cumulative and In-combination Proposed Damage to None None None None None None None livestock landscape buildings, character and Cowage Farm visual amenity
AUGUST 2016 QUOBWELL FARM, CHARLTON PARK ESTATE, SN16 0HT 3km
2km
1km
0.5km
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Site Context Drawing number: Figure 6.1 Scale: Date: As shown@A3 August 2016
0 0.5 1km 3km
County Boundary
2km LCA 7 Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment Malmesbury – Corsham Limestone Lowlands Minety Rolling Clay Lowland
North Wiltshire Landscape Character Areas
LCA 5 5 Minety and Malmesbury 1km Rolling Lowlands
LCA 7 7 Sherston Dipslope Lowland
LCA 5
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Planning Context and Character
Drawing number: Figure 6.2 Scale: Date: As shown@A3 August 2016
0 0.5 1km Application Boundary 4km Low Ridgelines
Valleys
Approximate extent of visual influence of the proposals 3km Screening by vegetation or built form Close distance views
Middle distance views
2km Long distance views
Screened views
Glimpsed views to wooded middle distance ground
1km
Views from low lying ground to west screened by vegetation 0.5km
No views from east beyond vegetation
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Visual Analysis
Drawing number: Figure 6.3
Views from town Scale: Date: screened by built As shown@A3 August 2016 form and vegetation
0 0.5 1km 4km NCA117 Application Boundary
1 Viewpoint Location 8
3km
7
2km 6 9
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Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate 4 5 Drawing: Viewpoint Locations Drawing number: Figure 6.4
Scale: Date: As shown@A3 August 2016
0 0.5 1km
Approximate extent of site Proposed access
Quobwell Farm
VIEWPOINT 1 View from footpath (BROK1) near the entrance to the site and Quobwell Cottages, looking east
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 1 Drawing number: Figure 6.6 Viewpoint 1 Date: Grid reference: ST 392355 / 189434 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 600m Elevation: 94m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate extent of site
L Strip Plantation
Quobwell Farm
VIEWPOINT 2 View from footpath near B4014 (BROK13), looking east
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 2 Drawing number: Figure 6.7 Viewpoint 2 Date: Grid reference: ST 392308 / 189550 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 600m Elevation: 94m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate extent of site
L Strip Plantation Quobwell Cottages
VIEWPOINT 3 View from footpath (BROK13), looking east
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 3 Drawing number: Figure 6.8 Viewpoint 3 Date: Grid reference: ST 391924 / 189365 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 1km Elevation: 95m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate extent of site
Quobwell Plantations
VIEWPOINT 4 View from the pavement on the B4014, looking north
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 4 Drawing number: Figure 6.9 Viewpoint 4 Date: Grid reference: ST 393124 / 188676 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 1.1km Elevation: 94m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate extent of site
Quobwell Farm
VIEWPOINT 5 View from the pavement on the B4014, looking north-west
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 5 Drawing number: Figure 6.10 Viewpoint 5 Date: Grid reference: ST 393446 / 188667 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 1.2km Elevation: 90m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate extent of site
L Strip Proposed Plantation entrance
VIEWPOINT 6 View from road at junction with footpath (BROK1), looking south-west
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 7 Drawing number: Figure 6.11 Viewpoint 6 Date: Grid reference: ST 393466 / 190890 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 1.4km Elevation: 111m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate extent of site
Quobwell Plantations
VIEWPOINT 7 View through field gate on minor road, looking south-east
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 6 Drawing number: Figure 6.12 Viewpoint 7 Date: Grid reference: ST 392326 / 191492 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 1.8km Elevation: 111m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate extent of site
Quobwell Quobwell Plantations Plantations
VIEWPOINT 8 View from pavement at Long Newnton, looking south-east
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 8 Drawing number: Figure 6.13 Viewpoint 8 Date: Grid reference: ST 390860 / 191959 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 2.8km Elevation: 110m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015. Approximate Water Tower at location of site Malmesbury
VIEWPOINT 9 View from footpath (NSM17) at Estcourt Park, looking south-east
Client: Charlton Park Estate
Site: Quobwell Farm, Charlton Park Estate
Drawing: Photosheet 9 Drawing number: Figure 6.14 Viewpoint 9 Date: Grid reference: ST 389732 / 190827 August 2016 Distance from centre of site: 3.3km Elevation: 107m AOD
(c) Copyright ACLA Ltd. All rights reserved. Drawings prepared for planning purposes only. (c) Promap 2015.