DOCSLIB.ORG

Simón Bolívar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Simón Bolívar Reading Comprehension/Biography SIMÓN BOLÍVAR Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios, (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830), more commonly known as Símon Bolívar, was one of the most important leaders of Spanish America's successful struggle for independence from Spain. He is a very important figure in South American political history, and served as President of Gran Colombia from 1821 to 1830, President of Peru from 1824 to 1826, and President of Bolivia from 1825 to 1826. Bolívar was born into a wealthy family in Caracas, in what is now Venezuela. Much of his family’s wealth came from silver, gold and copper mines. Later in his revolutionary life, Bolívar used part of the mineral income to finance the South American revolutionary wars. After the death of his parents, he went to Spain in 1799 to complete his education. He married there in 1802, but his wife died of yellow fever on a short return visit to Venezuela in 1803. Bolívar returned to Europe in 1804 and for a time was part of Napoleon's retinue. Bolívar returned to Venezuela in 1807, and, when Napoleon made Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain and its colonies in 1808, he participated in the resistance juntas in South America. The Caracas junta declared its independence in 1810, and Bolívar was sent to Britain on a diplomatic mission. Bolívar returned to Venezuela in 1811. In March 1812, he left Venezuela after an earthquake destroyed Caracas. In July 1812, junta leader Francisco de Miranda surrendered to the Spanish, and Bolívar had to flee. In 1813, Bolívar led an invasion of Venezuela. Caracas was retaken on August 6, 1813, and the Venezuelan Second Republic was proclaimed. There was a rebellion in 1814 and the republic fell. Later that same year, Bolívar commanded a Colombian nationalist force and entered Bogotá in 1814, recapturing the city from dissenting republican forces. He intended to march into Cartagena and seek the aid of local forces in order to capture Royalist Santa Marta. However, after a number of political and military disputes with the government of Cartagena, he fled to Haiti in 1815. He befriended the leader of the newly independent country. Bolívar was given sanctuary in Haiti, and asked the Haitian leader Alexandre Pétion for aid. In 1817, Haiti helped Bolívar on the condition that he abolish slavery. Bolívar landed in Venezuela and captured Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar). A victory at the Battle of Boyacá in 1819 added New Granada to the territories free from Spanish control, and on September 7, 1821, after the victory over the Spanish monarchy, the nation of Gran Colombia was created. It was formed from the liberated Spanish colonies (a federation covering much of modern Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador). Bolívar was president. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adapted from WIKIPEDIA for abcteach http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar Reading Comprehension/Biography SIMÓN BOLÍVAR (continued) Further victories consolidated his rule over Venezuela and Ecuador respectively. After a July 1822 meeting with Argentine General José de San Martín, who had partially liberated Peru from the Spanish, Bolívar took over the task of fully liberating Peru. The Peruvian congress named him dictator of Peru, on February 10, 1824, enabling him to reorganize the political and military administration. On August 6, 1825, at the Congress of Upper Peru, the Republic of Bolivia was created. Bolívar is thus one of the few men to have a country named after him. Bolivia’s constitution reflected the influence of the French and Scottish Enlightenment on Bolívar's political thought, as well as that of classical Greek and Roman authors. It was hard for Bolívar to maintain control of the vast Gran Colombia. During 1826, internal divisions sparked dissent throughout the nation and regional uprisings erupted in Venezuela. The fragile South American coalition appeared to be on the verge of collapse. In an attempt to keep the federation together as a single entity, Bolívar called for a constitutional convention during April 1828. A great admirer of the American Revolution, Bolívar’s dream was to create an American Revolution-style federation between all the newly independent republics, with a government set-up to recognize and uphold individual rights. However, this dream fell under the pressures of particular interests throughout the region, which rejected that model and allegedly had little or no allegiance to liberal principles. To prevent a break-up, Bolívar wanted to implement a more centralist model of government in Gran Colombia, with some or all of the elements of the Bolivian constitution he had written. This was controversial and the deliberations met with strong opposition. The convention almost ended up drafting a document which would have implemented a radically federalist form of government, which would have greatly reduced the powers of the central administration. Unhappy with this, Bolívar's delegates left the convention. The convention eventually failed due to grave political differences. Bolívar proclaimed himself dictator on August 27, 1828. He considered this as a temporary measure, as a way to reestablish his authority and save the republic. However, it increased dissatisfaction and anger among his political opponents. An assassination attempt on September 25, 1828 failed. Bolívar emerged physically intact from the event, but it nevertheless greatly affected him. Dissident feelings continued, and there were new uprisings in New Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador during the next two years. Bolívar finally resigned his presidency on April 27, 1830, intending to leave the country for exile in Europe, possibly in France. He died before setting sail, of tuberculosis on December 17, 1830, in what is now Colombia. Although he had failed to unite the countries of Latin America, this “George Washington of South America” left a legacy of independence from the Spanish monarchy, contributing decisively to the independence of the present-day countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia, where he is often revered as a hero. ©2009 abcteach.com Reading Comprehension/Biography SIMÓN BOLÍVAR Name _____________________________________ Date _______________________ Use your research skills to answer the following questions. 1. When was Bolívar born? 2. Where was Bolìvar born? 3. From which European power did Bolívar fight to liberate colonies? 4. Which country was named after Bolivar? 5. Bolivar was president of which countries? 6. What was the source of Bolívar’s family’s wealth? 7. What did Bolívar finance with this wealth? 8. Where did Bolívar go to study following his father’s death? 9. Bolívar was part of which European leader’s retinue? 10. What did Bolívar’s wife die of? 11. Where did Bolivar take refuge after fleeing Cartagena? 12. The Constitution of Bolivia reflects the influence of what thinkers on Bolívar? 13. When was Gran Colombia created? 14. What present-day countries did it include? 15. Which countries did Bolívar free from Spanish rule? 16. On what condition did Haiti help Bolívar’s 1817 invasion of Venezuela? 17. Bolívar was a fan of the revolution in what country? 18. Why did Bolívar proclaim himself dictator of Gran Colombia in August 1828? 19. What did Bolívar do on April 27 1830? 20. When did Bolívar die? ©2009 abcteach.com Reading Comprehension/Biography SIMÓN BOLÍVAR Name _____________________________________ Date _______________________ Choose the best answer for each question. 1. Which sentence best describes Bolívar? a. He was a famous miner. b. He was the George Washington of South America. c. He met Napoleon. d. He was a widower. 2. Bolívar’s wealth came from a. farming b. diplomacy c. conquest d. mining 3. Bolivar’s revolutionary career began in the year a. 1804 b. 1808 c. 1813 d. 1821 4. Why was Gran Colombia hard to control? a. It was large and internally divided. b. Bolívar was running out of mining income. c. There was a Spanish invasion. d. An attempt was made on Bolívar’s life. 5. Bolívar was not involved in the fight for independence in what country? a. Venezuela b. Mexico c. Colombia d. Ecuador 6. What did Simon Bolívar die of? a. assassination b. yellow fever c. tuberculosis d. battle wounds ©2009 abcteach.com Reading Comprehension/Biography SIMÓN BOLÍVAR Name _____________________________________ Date _______________________ Answer these questions in complete sentences. 1. What did Bolívar’s wealth enable him to do? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Was support for independence from Spain universal in South America? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did the Haitian government agree to help Bolívar? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Bolívar fail to realize his dream of an American Revolution-style federation in South America? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Bolívar was a dictator
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colombian Refugees Cross the Border with Ecuador
    Colombian refugees cross theborderwithEcuador. 114 UNHCR Global Report 2008 OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS • UNHCR increased its protection • Within the framework of UNHCR’s capacity in Colombia, enabling coverage Global Needs Assessment pilot of 41 of the 50 districts most affected initiative, nationwide consultations by displacement and benefitting more were carried out in Ecuador in order to than 570,000 internally displaced assess the main protection needs of persons (IDPs). refugees. • More than 678,000 hectares of land in • Chile accepted the resettlement of 117 Colombia were protected in 2008 Palestinian refugees in 2008. Uruguay through the Land Property Protection and Paraguay joined the Solidarity Project of the Government, which Resettlement Programme, and UNHCR supported with advice and government delegations from these sensitization campaigns. countries undertook a familiarization mission to Argentina and Chile. •InEcuador,theGovernment presented a new National Policy of • Governments in many Latin American Asylum. This policy envisages the countries have been supported to adoption of an accelerated refugee strengthen their legal frameworks and status determination (RSD) capacity to undertake refugee status procedure, known as ‘enhanced determination, as well as to increase registration,’ and the decentralization the ability to identify refugees within of the General Directorate for mixedflowsandprovideaccesstothe Refugees to this effect. asylum procedures. UNHCR / B. HEGER / ECU•2004 UNHCR Global Report 2008 115 Working environment Canada remained a major country of asylum and resettlement, and an important donor to Tensions between Colombia and Ecuador UNHCR’s programmes. However, difficulties persisted throughout 2008, in spite of efforts by have arisen from perceptions in the country the Organization of American States (OAS) to that its refugee system is being misused by mend the rift between the two countries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Labor Market Effects of Venezuelan Migration in Ecuador
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 13501 The Labor Market Effects of Venezuelan Migration in Ecuador Sergio Olivieri Francesc Ortega Ana Rivadeneira Eliana Carranza JULY 2020 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 13501 The Labor Market Effects of Venezuelan Migration in Ecuador Sergio Olivieri Ana Rivadeneira The World Bank Group and CUNY, Queens The World Bank Group and CUNY, Queens College College Francesc Ortega Eliana Carranza The World Bank Group, CUNY, Queens Col- The World Bank Group and CUNY, Queens lege and IZA College JULY 2020 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ISSN: 2365-9793 IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information
    Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information Updated August 5, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46225 SUMMARY R46225 Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical August 5, 2021 Information Carla Y. Davis-Castro This report provides statistical information on Indigenous peoples in Latin America. Data and Research Librarian findings vary, sometimes greatly, on all topics covered in this report, including populations and languages, socioeconomic data, land and natural resources, human rights and international legal conventions. For example the figure below shows four estimates for the Indigenous population of Latin America ranging from 41.8 million to 53.4 million. The statistics vary depending on the source methodology, changes in national censuses, the number of countries covered, and the years examined. Indigenous Population and Percentage of General Population of Latin America Sources: Graphic created by CRS using the World Bank’s LAC Equity Lab with webpage last updated in July 2021; ECLAC and FILAC’s 2020 Los pueblos indígenas de América Latina - Abya Yala y la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible: tensiones y desafíos desde una perspectiva territorial; the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and World Bank’s (WB) 2015 Indigenous Latin America in the twenty-first century: the first decade; and ECLAC’s 2014 Guaranteeing Indigenous people’s rights in Latin America: Progress in the past decade and remaining challenges. Notes: The World Bank’s LAC Equity Lab
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective
    water Article Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective Carlos Mestanza-Ramón 1,2,3,* , J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz 1 , Giorgio Anfuso 1 , Alexis Mooser 1,4, Camilo M. Botero 5,6 and Enzo Pranzini 7 1 Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; [email protected] (J.A.C.-R.); [email protected] (G.A.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, YASUNI-SDC Research Group, El Coca EC220001, Ecuador 3 Instituto Tecnologico Supeior Oriente, La Joya de los Sachas 220101, Orellana, Ecuador 4 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy 5 Grupo Joaquín Aarón Manjarrés, Escuela de Derecho, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia; [email protected] 6 Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas Costeros, PlayasCorp, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia 7 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; enzo.pranzini@unifi.it * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +593-9-9883-0801 Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 6 June 2020; Published: 9 June 2020 Abstract: Tourism in coastal areas is becoming increasingly important in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as an integrated approach that balances the requirements of different tourist sectors. This paper analyzes ICZM in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands from the perspective of the 3S tourism, and presents its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The methodology used was based on a literature review of ten aspects of the highest relevance to ICZM, i.e., Policies, Regulations, Responsibilities, Institutions, Strategies and Instruments, Training, Economic Resources, Information, Education for Sustainability, and Citizen Participation.
    [Show full text]
  • A Key Ingredient for Successful Peacekeeping Operations Management by Joseph L
    No. 04-6W Landpower Essay October 2004 An Institute of Land Warfare Publication Special Operators: A Key Ingredient for Successful Peacekeeping Operations Management by Joseph L. Homza Low-intensity operations cannot be won or contained by military power alone. They require the application of all elements of national power across the entire range of conditions which are the source of the conflict.1 U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, Special Forces Peacekeeping is not a job for soldiers, but only a soldier can do it.2 Former United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammerskold Multinational and regional alliances, as well as the Charter of the United Nations, include “terms that reflect a determination to provide an international institution that could control conflict” in the Low-Intensity Conflict (LIC) spectrum of war.3 As a defense contractor employed by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, I recently had a unique opportunity to participate directly in the Military Observer Mission Ecuador and Peru (MOMEP), an LIC reduction operation conducted by conventional military forces with management influence by Special Operations Forces (SOF). The tenets of campaign analysis—e.g., military historical perspectives, force structure, command and control capabilities and military objectives—provide a paradigm to demonstrate clearly the effectiveness of this conflict management mission performed by SOF in accordance with the ten focus areas stipulated by John M. Collins in Special Operations Forces: An Assessment.4 The MOMEP Confidence Building Measure (CBM) was an example of SOF and conventional military force elements at their operational best. The Organization of American States (OAS), due to the actions of the SOF and conventional units assigned to MOMEP, would experience a successful CBM Peacekeeping Operation (PKO) in a regional context.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Border War Between Ecuador and Peru
    1 Student: Solveig Karin Erdal pn: 810711 7684 Border War between Ecuador and Peru -Can there be Positive Peace without the Indians? Peace and Conflict Studies C level, 41-60 points Autumn 2003 Malmö University Supervisor: Peter Hervik 2 Table of content Table of Content 2 Maps 3 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Solving the Border Conflict 4 1.2 Contextualisation of the Problem 5 1.3 Research Question 5 1.4 Method, Material, Source Criticism and Limitations 6 2 Theory 8 2.1 Positive Peace 8 2.2 Distributive and Integrative Negotiations 10 2.3 Borders 10 2.4 Citizenship 11 2.5 Summary 12 3 Indians in Ecuador and Peru 13 3.1 Indians in the ‘War Zone’ 13 3.2 Indian Identity 15 3.3 Indian Demands 17 3.4 Indian Rights 19 3.4.1 ILO 169 19 3.4.2 Self Determination 21 3.5 Indian Social Movements 22 3.6 Summary 23 4 Border Conflict between Ecuador and Peru 24 4.1 The Conflict in 1995 24 4.2 Long-term Historical Background 26 4.3 The Conflict after the Rio Protocol 28 4.4 Ecuador and Peru’s Interests in the Conflict 29 4.5 Summary 31 5 Towards a Peace Agreement 31 5.1 Getting to the Negotiating Table 31 5.2 Four Guarantor Countries as Mediators 32 5.3 Negotiations become Integrative 35 5.4 Peace Agreement of 1998 37 5.5 Integration of the Indians in the Negotiations 39 5.6 Summary 42 6 Positive Peace Including Indians 42 6.1 Indians in the States 42 6.2 Positive Peace Building 44 6.3 Future of Positive Peace in Ecuador and Peru 46 6.4 Summary 46 7 Positive Peace With the Indians 47 References 49 3 Maps Map over the conflicting border line (Palmer 1997:120).
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Neoliberal Environmental Governance in Bolivia and Ecuador Pablo Andrade A
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector OPEN 4 The Government of Nature: Post-Neoliberal Environmental Governance in Bolivia and Ecuador Pablo Andrade A. Introduction In 2005 and 2006, anti-neoliberal coalitions won the elections in Bolivia and Ecuador, respectively. In both countries, this development put an end to the rules that had regulated the use of natural resources in hydrocarbon extraction during the latter part of the twentieth century (Hogenboom, 2014). The post-neoliberal governments constructed new institutions for the governance of extractive-industry activities. The new rules of the game have changed the way in which the Andean countries govern extractive industries. It has not put an end to their dependence on income generated from natural resources, but it has changed the way in which that income is distributed. The process of change from neoliberalism to post-neoliberalism was fast, and fraught with confusion and abandoned experiments. This chapter describes that process. Two analytical objectives guide this description. First, I will identify the factors that guided the changes from neoliberalism to post-neoliberalism; and second, I will analyse the pos- sibilities for the governance of mineral and hydrocarbon wealth and the creation of a “government of nature” that were opened up by the new regulatory framework. Natural resources, rentier states, development and post-neoliberalism The contemporary debate about development based on natural resources has existed since the 1990s. Numerous academic studies con- ducted in that decade called attention to the relationship between 113 F. de Castro et al. (eds.), Environmental Governance in Latin America © Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 114 The Government of Nature income from natural resources and development, highlighting the neg- ative impact of the former on the latter.
    [Show full text]
  • Habits of Peace: the Foundations of Long-Term Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia and South America
    Habits of Peace: The Foundations of Long-Term Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia and South America by Aarjen Derek Glas A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto @ Copyright by Aarjen Derek Glas 2017 Habits of Peace: The Foundations of Long-Term Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia and South America Aarjen Derek Glas Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto 2017 Abstract The regions of Southeast Asia and South America are often cited as puzzling cases of long peace among nation-states. Absent hard power balancing behaviours, liberal democratic development, and economic interdependence, both present unlikely cases for prolonged periods of time absent large scale inter-state violence. This research begins with an inquiry into the foundations the long peace of each region: practices of conflict management. More narrowly, this project asks: How can we understand cooperation and community building alongside persistent militarized violence? Upon what foundations have these largely illiberal states been able to build relative but lasting peace despite pervasive territorial disputes? In answering these questions, this research argues that distinct and diplomatic habits shape the management of peace and conflict in each region. The underlying argument of this work is that the habitual and dispositional qualities of regional diplomatic practice inform the long peace of these regions and regional relations more generally. In each region, distinctive and discrete qualities of regional relations shape crisis response, but also shape how crises, themselves, are understood by regional diplomatic officials. These “habits of peace” make possible long-term regional cooperation and relative peace alongside persistent intra-regional violence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Andean Community at the Crossroads
    Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas Discussion Paper Number 16 Natural Resources & Foreign Investors: A tale of three Andean countries Leonardo Stanley April 2008 The Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas, founded in 2004, brings together researchers from several countries in the Americas who have carried out empirical studies of the social and environmental impacts of economic liberalization. The goal of the Working Group Project is to contribute empirical research and policy analysis to the ongoing policy debates on national economic development strategies and international trade. The project also brings more prominently into U.S. policy debates the rich body of research carried out by Latin American experts, as well as their informed perspectives on trade and development policies. Hosted by Tufts' Global Development and Environment Institute, the Working Group Project has four initiatives. The Working Group’s web page is http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/WGOverview.htm Leonardo Stanley is an economist at Universidad de Mar del Plata and a visiting researcher in the Department of Economics at CEDES. He has previously worked in the Programa de Teoría Económica at Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social in Buenos Aires. Leonardo Stanley received his MA in Science in Economics from Queen Mary & Westfield, London University, and a Diplome d’Etudes Approfondies from Universidad de Evry Val-d'Essone. © 2008, Leonardo Stanley and the Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas Natural Resources & Foreign Investors: A tale of three Andean countries Leonardo Stanley Introduction Over the past 25 years, Latin American governments have undertaken a structural-adjustment process including, among other actions, the elimination of trade barriers, privatization of large public domestic firms, and deregulation of markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Directorio-De-La-Institución.Pdf
    SERVICIO INTEGRADO DE SERGURIDAD ECU 911 - QUITO 1) Parámetros Aplicables a la Información Administrativa B. Directorio de la Institución Fecha de publicación: 31 DE MAYO DE 2014 Teléfono y extensión Correo Electrónico No. Nombres y Apellidos Cargo o Puesto Dirección institucional institucional institucional SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 1 ACOSTA FUERTES EDGAR RAMIRO TECNICO DE SEGURIDAD FISICA ENDARA 3800700 EXT 9790 [email protected] SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 2 AGUILAR CARDENAS JHONATAN GABRIEL ANALISTA DE TECNOLOGIA ENDARA 3800700 EXT 9780 [email protected] SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 3 AGUILAR CARDENAS JHONATAN GABRIEL ANALISTA TECNOLOGICO ENDARA 3800793 EXT 9793 [email protected] SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 4 AGUIRRE PALACIOS MIRYAM IVONNE ANALISTA DE TALENTO HUMANO II ENDARA 3800700 EXT 9753 [email protected] SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 5 ALBERCA GOMEZ EDWIN LEODAN ANALISTA REGULATORIO ENDARA 3800700 EXT 9762 [email protected] ANDRADE HEREDIA PAOLA DEL SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 6 CONSUELO ANALISTA ADMINISTRATIVO II ENDARA 3800700 EXT 9732 [email protected] ANALISTA DE REDES, SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 7 ARGUELLO RIVERA DIEGO DAVID TELECOMUNICACIONES Y PERIFERICOS ENDARA 3800700 EXT 9780 [email protected] ANALISTA DE REDES, SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 8 ARGUELLO RIVERA DIEGO DAVID TELECOMUNICACIONES Y PERIFERICOS ENDARA 3800785 EXT 9785 [email protected] SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO 9 ARTEAGA RODRIGUEZ MARIA BELEN ESPECIALISTA MULTIMEDIA ENDARA 3800700 EXT 9854 [email protected] AULESTIA ORTEGA CARMENSA SECTOR PARQUE ITCHIMBÍA, AV. JULIO [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Tyranny Or Victory! Simón Bolívar's South American Revolt
    ODUMUNC 2018 Issue Brief Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s South American Revolt by Jackson Harris Old Dominion University Model United Nations Society of the committee, as well as research, all intricacies involved in the committee will be discussed in this outline. The following sections of this issue brief will contain a topical overview of the relevant history of Gran Colombia, Simón Bolívar, and Spanish-American colonial relations, as well as an explanation of the characters that delegates will be playing. This guide is not meant to provide a complete understanding of the history leading up to the committee, rather to provide a platform that will be supplemented by personal research. While there are a number of available online sources the Crisis Director has provided the information for a group of helpful books to use at the delegate’s discretion. The legacy of Simón Bolívar, the George Washington of South America, is anything but historical. His life stands at the center of contemporary South America.1 Any doubt about his relevance was eliminated on 16 July 2010 when Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez presided at the exhumation of Bolívar’s remains.2 Pieces of the skeleton were El Libertador en traje de campaña, by Arturo Michelena 1985, Galería de Arte Nacional 1 Gerhard Straussmann Masur, ‘Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan soldier and statesman’, Encyclopædia Britannica, n.d., https://www.britannica.com/biography/Simo n-Bolivar ; and Christopher Minster, FORWARD ‘Biography of Simon Bolivar: Liberator of ¡Bienvenidos delegados! Welcome to the South America’, ThoughtCo., 8 September Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s 2017, South American Revolt crisis committee! https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of- In order to allow delegates to familiarize simon-bolivar-2136407 2 Thor Halvorssen, ‘Behind exhumation of themselves with the rules and procedures Simon Bolivar is Hugo Chavez's warped Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s South American Revolt removed for testing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Irish in Colombia by Edmundo Murray
    Irish Migration Studies in Latin America Vol. 4, No. 2: March 2006 www.irlandeses.org The Irish in Colombia By Edmundo Murray The only South American country with coasts on both the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans, Colom- bia was part of the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada. The United States of Colombia, which also included Panama, Venezuela and Ecuador was proclaimed in 1819 by Simón Bolívar when he crossed the Andes and defeated the royalist forces at the battle of Boyacá. In 1822 the four countries were united as Gran Colombia, which collapsed in 1830 with the separation of Vene- zuela and Ecuador. The republic of Colombia was established in 1886, but Panama separated in 1903, after the US-backed War of the Thousand Days (1899-1902). Irish soldiers fought in Colombia during the War of Independence with Spain in 1816-1822. They were recruited in Dublin, London and other cities by John Devereux, James T. English, William Walton and others. The Irish Legion sailed from Liverpool in July 1819. Some of the officers were Major L'Estrange, Francis Burdett O'Connor, and William Aylmer. They arrived in the island of Margarita, where they suffered hardships, sickness and loss of life. In March 1820 the Legion sailed to Río Hacha, and after the attack to this city, their standard displaying the harp of Ireland was raised instead of the Palenquera in the Caribbean coast Spanish royal ensign. Weakened by lack of pay Photo Mauricio Zuloaga (http://www.uniandes.edu.co/Colombia/Turismo/turismo.html) and proper food, and complaining of the native officers, some of the Irish mutinied, got drunk and began to ransack the city for booty.
    [Show full text]