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Tyranny Or Victory! Simón Bolívar's South American Revolt

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Tyranny Or Victory! Simón Bolívar's South American Revolt ODUMUNC 2018 Issue Brief Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s South American Revolt by Jackson Harris Old Dominion University Model United Nations Society of the committee, as well as research, all intricacies involved in the committee will be discussed in this outline. The following sections of this issue brief will contain a topical overview of the relevant history of Gran Colombia, Simón Bolívar, and Spanish-American colonial relations, as well as an explanation of the characters that delegates will be playing. This guide is not meant to provide a complete understanding of the history leading up to the committee, rather to provide a platform that will be supplemented by personal research. While there are a number of available online sources the Crisis Director has provided the information for a group of helpful books to use at the delegate’s discretion. The legacy of Simón Bolívar, the George Washington of South America, is anything but historical. His life stands at the center of contemporary South America.1 Any doubt about his relevance was eliminated on 16 July 2010 when Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez presided at the exhumation of Bolívar’s remains.2 Pieces of the skeleton were El Libertador en traje de campaña, by Arturo Michelena 1985, Galería de Arte Nacional 1 Gerhard Straussmann Masur, ‘Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan soldier and statesman’, Encyclopædia Britannica, n.d., https://www.britannica.com/biography/Simo n-Bolivar ; and Christopher Minster, FORWARD ‘Biography of Simon Bolivar: Liberator of ¡Bienvenidos delegados! Welcome to the South America’, ThoughtCo., 8 September Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s 2017, South American Revolt crisis committee! https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of- In order to allow delegates to familiarize simon-bolivar-2136407 2 Thor Halvorssen, ‘Behind exhumation of themselves with the rules and procedures Simon Bolivar is Hugo Chavez's warped Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s South American Revolt removed for testing. The rest was put in a American independence . The word of new coffin baring the seal of the Chávez the North American novelist William government. Chávez was claiming Faulkner, ‘The past is never dead. It's not Bolívar’s legacy as his own, establishing even past.’3 his government as Bolívar’s, using the past to strengthen his current authority. Chávez asked Christ to repeat his Lazarus miracle and raise the dead once RULES AND PROCEDURES more. Some delegates may have participated in crisis committees before, and the rules for this committee will remain largely the same as a typical crisis. The ODUMUNC rules and procedures can be found in the ODU Model UN delegate guide, Winning UN Simulations. Minor changes will streamline the body’s procedures, particularly use of the two-pad system. This will be a new way we will be using to communicate with crisis where each delegate will receive two legal pads that will be labeled with their character and committee. Instead of sending individual notes, the delegate will write their crisis notes on the legal pad and send the entire pad to crisis when note collection occurs. This will allow both the delegate and crisis to better keep track of dealings Monument to Simón Bolívar, Washington, DC, and arcs. It is suggested that the delegate dedicated 1959. only allow for one pad to be out of the By presidential decree, every television room at a time so that they have material station in Venezuela showed images of to write directives and notes to other Bolívar in historic paintings, then images delegates. of the skeleton, and then images of The character list section will Chávez, with the national anthem contain a short biopic of all fifteen blaring. The message of this macabre members of the committee that will parody was unmistakable: Chávez is not reveal their main personality traits, a follower of Bolívar, he is Bolívar, political affiliation, title within the reincarnated. The implications for his Colombian government, and other small domestic critics were unmistakable; to variables added to ensure no two criticize Chávez was attack soul of South characters are too similar. Real-life major accomplishments, career history, and any obsession’, Washington Post, 25 July 2010, other interesting facts of life of the http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/con tent/article/2010/07/23/AR2010072302420.ht ml 3 William Faulkner, Requiem for a Nun, 1950. PAGE 1 Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s South American Revolt characters will be responsibility of the Colombia. Every one of the fifteen individual to research. This will also available characters is a real person, provide an excellent opportunity to mold however replacement characters will not each character into unique styles (a be. For instance, if a character is larger knowledge base and creativity can removed through the committee due to help more than any other preparation!). exile for their actions the delegate will The Old Dominion University Model UN receive a new name and personality but Staff had to get creative with this retain the same powers so that no character list, as not that many founders additional research will be necessary. If of the Colombian government were alive there is any need for help understanding during the committee’s time period. how a character fits into their role, feel Some of the characters and titles may free to contact the Crisis Director have been altered to fit into the through email. That does not give free committee, though there is no need to reign to ask for advice or coaching, only worry as their real-life counterparts do clarification. have connections to Bolívar and Gran PAGE 2 Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s South American Revolt Background Gran Colombia, with the 12 departments created in 1824 and territories disputed with neighboring countries. FOUNDING OF GRAN COLOMBIA: across northern South America. The catalyst that caused any conflict in the REVOLUTIONS ABOUND first place was Napoleon’s invasion of The history of Spanish America in the Spain in 1808 and the subsequent early 19th century is, in a word, hectic.4 captivity of Ferdinand VII. Napoleon’s This committee will be taking place in lack of interest in the New World caused March 1829, and the previous two a power vacuum that unsettled the decades had seen a series of revolutions citizens of the Spanish territory New Granada. This unstable situation allowed 4 for independence movements to garner John Lynch, ‘Simon Bolivar and the Spanish traction, particularly in Venezuela. Revolution’, History Today, Volume 33 Issue Spanish officials were removed from 7 (July 1983), http://www.historytoday.com/john- office in most of the New Granada lynch/simon-bolivar-and-spanish-revolutions territory in 1810, though some regions PAGE 3 Tyranny or Victory! Simón Bolívar’s South American Revolt had no interest in independence. Initial armies to rest in security for a time, uprisings for independence began on July during which Santander and Bolívar 20, 1810 with the ousting of these colonial began planning for their dream: a unified offices, though the newly created and free South America under one Latin- governments of Spanish America did not American government. In 1821, Bolívar officially declare independence from marched his men back to Venezuela for Ferdinand VII until 1811. This was the the Battle of Carabobo that removed the dawn of the Republic of Venezuela, and a Spanish forces who attempted to rise in the stature of a certain young recapture Venezuela in their colonel. While the political history of commander’s absence. After this battle, Venezuela as an independent nation is New Granada and Venezuela were joined interesting, it is not wholly needed to in confederation under the plans made understand the context associated with earlier in 1819. These plans also the committee and will not be discussed culminated in the Congress and at length in this brief. If there is one Constitution of Cúcuta, which founded important takeaway from this period the Republic of Colombia. The name (from 1811 to 1819) it is that Simón Bolívar Colombia was especially important, as proved himself as a successful military the leaders of the revolution considered strategist and political leader. establishing a new identity for the liberated peoples of South America to be Elsewhere in New Granada during the paramount. Colombia served as a same period as Venezuelan unifying name native to the people of the independence there formed many region and as a callback to Christopher regional powers despite the resurgence Columbus in the sense that after of Spanish colonial forces. These nascent “discovering” the new continent it was governments had a series of conflicts briefly referred to as ‘Colombia’ before (some sources call them civil wars, Amerigo Vespucci coined the name though the unity of these groups is ‘America.’ debatable so the “civil” aspect is dubious) over the nature of political affiliation. After the founding of Colombia, the revolution did not end. Bolívar marched The series of conflicts weakened New his men South, campaigning to remove Granada to the extent that the Spanish influence from the borders of his reorganized Spanish Kingdom could new country. He and his armies entered recapture its old colonies by 1816. A Quito in 1822 after their victory at the group of revolutionary forces escaped Battle of Pichincha and claimed the capture to the flatlands near Casanare territory for Gran Colombia. A month within New Granada. Those forces, led after the liberation of Quito, Bolívar by Francisco de Paula Santander, would invited the Argentine revolutionary eventually join with the forces of Simón general José de San Martín to partake in Bolívar in Venezuela. The combined the Guayaquil Conference. San Martín, revolutionary armies led a series of who had recently liberated part of Peru campaigns against the Spanish forces from the Spanish, relinquished his title culminating in Bolívar’s resounding as “Protector of Peru” to Bolívar, who victory at the Battle of Boyacá on August then took up the task of liberating the 7, 1819.
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