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Multinational Federation of Community Tourism In Empowered lives. Resilient nations. MULTINATIONAL FEDERATION OF COMMUNITY TOURISM IN ECUADOR (FEPTCE) Ecuador Equator Initiative Case Studies Local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that work for people and for nature. Few publications or case studies tell the full story of how such initiatives evolve, the breadth of their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practitioners themselves guiding the narrative. To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to fill this gap. The following case study is one in a growing series that details the work of Equator Prize winners – vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmental conservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local success to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models for replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reference to ‘The Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Years of the Equator Prize’, a compendium of lessons learned and policy guidance that draws from the case material. Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiative’s searchable case study database. Editors Editor-in-Chief: Joseph Corcoran Managing Editor: Oliver Hughes Contributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding Contributing Writers Edayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughes, Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma, Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu Design Oliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Parra, Brandon Payne, Mariajosé Satizábal G. Acknowledgements The Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Multinational Federation of Community Tourism in Ecuador (FEPTCE), and in particular the guidance and inputs of Galo Villamil Gualinga. All photo credits courtesy of FEPTCE. Maps courtesy of CIA World Factbook. Suggested Citation United Nations Development Programme. 2012. Multinational Federation of Community Tourism in Ecuador (FEPTCE), Ecuador. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY. MULTINATIONAL FEDERATION OF COMMUNITY TOURISM IN ECUADOR (FEPTCE) Ecuador PROJECT SUMMARY KEY FACTS The Multinational Federation of Community Tourism in Ecuador (Federacion Plurinacional de Turismo Comunitario del EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2006 Ecuador - FEPTCE) brings together indigenous communities across Ecuador that offer tourism, guiding and lodging FOUNDED: 2002 services. The initiative has especially targeted the country’s indigenous, Afro-Ecuadorian, peasant, and montubio LOCATION: Throughout Ecuador (mestizo) communities, who are traditional stewards of Ecuador’s cultural and natural heritage, but who typically BENEFICIARIES: 106 member communities suffer from economic marginalization, high infant mortality rates, illiteracy, and out-migration from rural communities, BIODIVERSITY: reforestation of 2,000 hectares among many other socioeconomic challenges. With its roots in the late-1980s, the federation currently brings together 106 community-based initiatives (giving 33,689 direct beneficiaries, as estimated in 2009.) The reintroduction of traditional land management practices for improved agriculture has supplemented support for ecotourism initiatives. TABLE OF CONTENTS Background and Context 4 Key Activities and Innovations 6 Biodiversity Impacts 7 Socioeconomic Impacts 7 Policy Impacts 8 3 Background and Context For over 500 years, indigenous peoples, Afro-Ecuadorians, peasants Amazonian from the community of Capirona, and members the and montubios (mestizos) have been the stewards of the environment communities of Runatupari, Ricancie, and Agua Blanca. Membership and ecosystems in rural Ecuador. Sustainable land management in the federation has grown incrementally, with 106 initiatives now strategies have been handed down from generation to generation participating based on a shared vision of sustainable development. through a rich culture and tradition that emphasizes a strong conservation ethic. Today, indigenous communities in Ecuador Priority objectives and fields of work suffer from high infant mortality rates, illiteracy, out-migration from communities, a lack of primary health care, malnutrition, a lack FEPTCE’s main goals are to promote and strengthen community of employment and income-generating opportunities, housing tourism initiatives nationally and internationally and to improve shortages, and a range of other social and economic problems. the quality of life of communities through sustainable development These are further exacerbated by environmental challenges such as and the maintenance of cultural identity. The group’s vision for the low soil productivity, environmental contamination by large-scale next 15 years is community tourism as a sustainable activity which mining activities, deforestation, overgrazing, the indiscriminate use generates economic benefits for the communities involved and of agrochemicals, and pollution of water resources. contributes to the conservation of the natural heritage and the strengthening of cultural and ethnic diversity. Preserving culture and nature through ecotourism The federation’s key objectives are organizational strengthening, In response to these challenges, indigenous, peasant, Afro- cultural revitalization, management of indigenous territory, Ecuadorian and montubio communities in Ecuador have come and community-based economic development. FEPTCE aims to together since the late 1980s to coordinate cultural and ecotourism consolidate a strong organizational structure that will allow it to activities in a manner that provides for community wellbeing, make decisions on the basis of consensus and a collective vision, to the protection of ancestral territories, cultural preservation, and resolve internal conflicts with autonomy and independence, and to conservation of the environment. Federacion Plurinacional de weave a local, regional and national organizational structure that Turismo Comunitario del Ecuador (FEPTCE) is a multinational provides a basis for claiming indigenous rights across rural Ecuador. federation of indigenous communities that offer tourism, guiding and lodging services. The organization is incorporated as a legally The objective of cultural revitalization is designed to maintain and registered non-profit organization that brings together community bolster the ancestral principles and values that sustain indigenous tourism initiatives of diverse peoples settled in the three continental community co-existence with “Pachamama”, or Mother Earth. FEPTCE regions of Ecuador. endeavors to reclaim indigenous symbols and to retrieve ancient wisdom and techniques in architecture, medicine, agriculture, and FEPTCE emerged in the late 1980s to provide an alternative cultural expressions such as dance, music, rituals, myths, tales and indigenous community development model which prioritizes legends. cultural integrity and identity above the prevailing “mercantilist vision of power” in Ecuador. The initiative was also a response to The objective of managing indigenous territories is an ongoing the historical and ongoing appropriation of indigenous lands by process of restoration and the revitalization of traditional land the government and those holding power. Among the original use management including mounds, “pukaras”, “tambos”, paths, architects of the initiative are Tarquino Tapuy, an indigenous Kichwa terraces, and stone walls. This objective is inclusive of efforts to 4 protect indigenous territory from harmful extractive activities by The organization differentiates community tourism from other offering alternative proposals for land use based on the communal types of tourism. The ‘community’ focus defines a way of life that management of nature and cultural heritage and the demarcation corresponds with certain forms of organization. It takes the group of indigenous community territory. Part and parcel of this is a as its subject, where a community is governed by its own values, determination to ensure food security and sovereignty for member practices and institutions (economic, social, cultural and political) communities, as well as demanding collective rights to employ with rights and obligations that go beyond the individual to the ancestral land management techniques and the cultivation of collective. It also focuses on democratic structures and practices of traditional crops. solidarity, where a set of stakeholders and practices are governed by the principles of reciprocity, relationships of trust, and on the Finally, FEPTCE has the objective of integrating and strengthening basis of solidarity and cooperation. It also maintains a socio-cultural community economies through collective work and the purpose which prioritizes collective welfare, the affirmation of redistribution of revenues to develop new community initiatives cultural identity, and improving the living conditions and livelihood and projects,
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