London: Biography of a City
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London's Soap Industry and the Development of Global Ghost Acres
London’s Soap Industry and the Development of Global Ghost Acres in the Nineteenth Century John Knight won a prize medal at the Great Exhibition in 1851 for his soaps, which included an ‘excellent Primrose or Pale-yellow-soap, made with tallow, American rosin, and soda’.1 In the decades that followed the prize, John Knight’s Royal Primrose Soap emerged as one of the United Kingdom’s leading laundry soap brands. In 1880, the firm moved down the Thames from Wapping in East London to a significantly larger factory in West Ham’s Silvertown district.2 The new soap works was capable of producing between two hundred and three hundred tons of soap per week, along with a considerable number of candles, and extracting oil from four hundred tons of cotton seeds.3 To put this quantity of soap into context, the factory could manufacture more soap in a year than the whole of London produced in 1832.4 The prize and relocation together represented the industrial and commercial triumph of this nineteenth-century family business. A complimentary article from 1888, argued the firm’s success rested on John Knights’ commitment ‘to make nothing but the very best articles, to sell them at the very lowest possible prices, and on no account to trade beyond his means’.5 The publication further explained that before the 1830s, soap ‘was dark in colour, and the 1 Charles Wentworth Dilke, Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851: Catalogue of a Collection of Works On, Or Having Reference To, the Exhibition of 1851, 1852, 614. -
Women Investors and the Virginia Company in the Early Seventeenth Century
The University of Manchester Research Women Investors and the Virginia Company in the Early Seventeenth Century DOI: 10.1017/s0018246x19000037 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Ewen, M. (2019). Women Investors and the Virginia Company in the Early Seventeenth Century. The Historical Journal, 62(4), 853-874. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000037 Published in: The Historical Journal Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:07. Oct. 2021 WOMEN INVESTORS AND THE VIRGINIA COMPANY IN THE EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY* MISHA EWEN University of Manchester WOMEN INVESTORS Abstract. This article explores the role of women investors in the Virginia Company during the early seventeenth century, arguing that women determined the success of English overseas expansion not just by ‘adventuring’ their person, but their purse. -
London and Middlesex in the 1660S Introduction: the Early Modern
London and Middlesex in the 1660s Introduction: The early modern metropolis first comes into sharp visual focus in the middle of the seventeenth century, for a number of reasons. Most obviously this is the period when Wenceslas Hollar was depicting the capital and its inhabitants, with views of Covent Garden, the Royal Exchange, London women, his great panoramic view from Milbank to Greenwich, and his vignettes of palaces and country-houses in the environs. His oblique birds-eye map- view of Drury Lane and Covent Garden around 1660 offers an extraordinary level of detail of the streetscape and architectural texture of the area, from great mansions to modest cottages, while the map of the burnt city he issued shortly after the Fire of 1666 preserves a record of the medieval street-plan, dotted with churches and public buildings, as well as giving a glimpse of the unburned areas.1 Although the Fire destroyed most of the historic core of London, the need to rebuild the burnt city generated numerous surveys, plans, and written accounts of individual properties, and stimulated the production of a new and large-scale map of the city in 1676.2 Late-seventeenth-century maps of London included more of the spreading suburbs, east and west, while outer Middlesex was covered in rather less detail by county maps such as that of 1667, published by Richard Blome [Fig. 5]. In addition to the visual representations of mid-seventeenth-century London, a wider range of documentary sources for the city and its people becomes available to the historian. -
The History of London
The History of London STUDENT A The Romans came to England in ____________ ( when? ) and built the town of Londinium on the River Thames. Londinium soon grew bigger and bigger. Ships came there from all over Europe and the Romans built _____________ ( what? ) from Londinium to other parts of Britain. By the year 400, there were 50,000 people in the city. Soon after 400 the Romans left, and we do not know much about London between 400 and 1000. In __________ (when? ) William the Conqueror came to England from Normandy in France. William became King of England and lived in ___________ ( where? ). But William was afraid of the people of London, so he built a big building for himself – the White Tower. Now it is part of the Tower of London and many ____________ ( who? ) visit it to see the Crown Jewels – the Queen’s gold and diamonds. London continued to grow. By 1600 there were ______________ ( how many? ) people in the city and by 1830 the population was one and a half million people. The railways came and there were ___________ ( what? ) all over the city. This was the London that Dickens New and wrote about – a city of very rich and very poor people. At the start of the 20th century, _____________ ( how many? ) people lived in London. Today the population of Greater London is seven and a half million. ______________ ( how many ?) tourists visit London every year and you can her 300 different languages on London’s streets! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUDENT B The Romans came to England in AD43 and built the town of Londinium ____________ (where? ). -
History of London Timeline Cut out the Following Cards and Glue Them in the Correct Order on the Timeline
History of London Timeline Cut out the following cards and glue them in the correct order on the timeline. 18th Century 2005 A Victorian London Terror Attack 1599 14th Century The Globe Theatre The Great Plague 20th Century 1834 Damage and Expansion Houses of Parliament Fire 1863 AD 43 The London Underground London Located 11th Century 1485 – 1603 London Alone Tudor Times 1665 AD 60 The Great Fire of London The Roman’s London 1605 2000 The famous Gunpowder Plot The London Eye 1066 The Tower of London 5th – 7th Century St. Paul’s Cathedral visit twinkl.com This famous theatre is where many Unfortunately, there was lots of damage to of William Shakespeare’s plays were London due to bombings during the Second performed. However, in 1613, it was World War including to St. Paul’s Cathedral. burnt down by a staged cannon fire in London once again expanded and many one of his plays. Today, a new 1990s big department stores such as Harrods and Globe Theatre, close to the original Selfridges were built. building, still holds performances of Shakespeare’s plays. 200 years after Guy Fawkes tried to Due to its trading links, Britain and London blow up the Houses of Parliament, became very powerful with goods from all over an accidental fire spread through the world being imported. the main building leaving only Westminster Hall undamaged. The th During the 18 century and Queen Victoria’s replacement was built ten years reign, the population of London expanded and later and still remains there today. many of the buildings we still see in London today were built during the Victorian times. -
The Politics of Architecture in Tudor and Stuart London Transcript
The Politics of Architecture in Tudor and Stuart London Transcript Date: Thursday, 11 February 2010 - 12:00AM Location: Museum of London The Politics of Architecture in Tudor and Stuart London Professor Simon Thurley Visiting Gresham Professor of the Built Environment 11/12/2010 Tonight, and again on the 11 March, I will be looking at the interrelation of architecture and power. The power of kings and the power of government and how that power has affected London. On the 11th I will be looking at Victorian and Edwardian London but tonight I'm going to concentrate on the sixteenth and seventeenth century and show how Tudor and Stuart Monarchs used, with varying degrees of success, the great buildings of the City of London to bolster their power. The story of royal buildings in the City starts with the Saxons. Before 1052 English Kings had had a palace in London at Aldermanbury, but principally to avoid the instability, turbulence and violence of the populace Edward the Confessor, the penultimate English King, had moved his royal palace one and a half miles west to an Island called Thorney. On Thorney Island the Confessor built the great royal abbey and palace of Westminster. And it was here, that William the Conqueror chose to be crowned on Christmas day 1066, safely away from the still hostile inhabitants of the city. London was too big, powerful and independent to be much influenced by the Norman Conquest. Business continued unabated under a deal done between the city rulers and their new king. However William left a major legacy by establishing the metropolitan geography of the English monarchy - the subject of my talk this evening. -
Shakespeare in London Show
© Museum of London 2017 This guide is designed to help KS2 teachers prepare for the Shakespeare in London ‘at your school’ show. Page 2 contains information for the lead teacher on preparing for the show to take place at your school. Pages 3–6 contain information for you and your colleagues about what will happen during the show as well as ideas for teaching resources to use in class both before and afterwards. Shakespeare in London show KS2 resources © Museum of London 2017 School organiser guidance © Museum of London 2017 Thank you for booking our Shakespeare in London show. Here is some information about the show and what you need to do to prepare for it taking place at your school. Overview Introduce your pupils to the life and works of England’s most famous writer in this dramatic show, perfect for large key stage 2 groups. Imagine the sights, sounds and smells of London in 1604 and meet William Shakespeare in his city lodging house. Get acting tips from the man himself and help him conquer his writer’s block to create a play fit for a king! Preparing for the show Please use this checklist to help you to prepare for the show. Before the show • Book your school hall for the times agreed on booking (please check your booking confirmation email) • Please check that a laptop, projector and a CD player are available for the show and are working • Give copies of the ‘Information for adults’ to colleagues On the day • Set up the laptop, projector and CD player in the hall • Ensure that someone is available to meet the actors on arrival • Ensure actors have access to the hall, laptop, projector and CD player and somewhere to change into their costumes Timings • The actors will arrive one hour before the start of the show to set up • The show lasts approximately 45 minutes Shakespeare in London show KS2 resources © Museum of London 2017 2 Information for adults Please give a copy of this sheet to all adults who will be attending the show. -
Monarchy – a Royal History of London
Monarchy – A Royal History of London Module Code 4HIST007X Module Level 4 Length Session One, Three Weeks Site Central London Host Course London International Summer Programme Pre-Requisite None Assessment 40% Oral Presentation, 60% Written Coursework Special features This module may include additional costs for museum tickets. Site visits: as a part of the module, students will be visiting The British Museum, British Library, National Portrait Gallery, the Museum of London, Imperial War Museum. The students will also tour important royal sites in London. Note: these visits are subject to change. Summary of module content This course examines London as the historical setting for monarchy and national ceremonial. As such the course considers Royalty’s central place in British life and examines how its purpose and function have changed over the centuries. It also investigates Royalty’s influence on British history and society and its impact on government, culture and science. Finally the course will consider how the monarchy has adapted – and continues to adapt – to changing times and how critics react to it. Learning outcomes On successful completion of this module, a student will be able to: 1. Explain how key moments in history have affected the role of the monarchy 2. Identify and evaluate how the monarchy has changed and adapted over time in response to national and international issues 3. Identify the extent to which the monarchy’s influence on diplomacy, international relations, society, culture and science have shaped the United Kingdom and its place on the world stage 4. Relate places and objects in and around London to key moments in the history of the monarchy. -
A History of the French in London Liberty, Equality, Opportunity
A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity Edited by Debra Kelly and Martyn Cornick A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity Edited by Debra Kelly and Martyn Cornick LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2013. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN 978 1 909646 48 3 (PDF edition) ISBN 978 1 905165 86 5 (hardback edition) Contents List of contributors vii List of figures xv List of tables xxi List of maps xxiii Acknowledgements xxv Introduction The French in London: a study in time and space 1 Martyn Cornick 1. A special case? London’s French Protestants 13 Elizabeth Randall 2. Montagu House, Bloomsbury: a French household in London, 1673–1733 43 Paul Boucher and Tessa Murdoch 3. The novelty of the French émigrés in London in the 1790s 69 Kirsty Carpenter Note on French Catholics in London after 1789 91 4. Courts in exile: Bourbons, Bonapartes and Orléans in London, from George III to Edward VII 99 Philip Mansel 5. The French in London during the 1830s: multidimensional occupancy 129 Máire Cross 6. Introductory exposition: French republicans and communists in exile to 1848 155 Fabrice Bensimon 7. -
Plague in Elizabethan and Stuart London: the Dutch Response
Medical History, 1990, 34: 424-439. PLAGUE IN ELIZABETHAN AND STUART LONDON: THE DUTCH RESPONSE by OLE PETER GRELL * Plague was, without doubt, the most devastating disease that could hit an urban community in the early modern period. It was a regular visitor to London for three centuries from the Black Death of 1348 until its last outbreak in 1665. Its most terrifying impact was obviously felt when major epidemics occurred in the City-as they did in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and finally in 1665. Nearly a quarter of London's inhabitants died in 1563 and more than 80,000 in the last epidemic in the metropolis in 1665-almost 20 per cent of the City's population. Apart from these major outbreaks, plague persisted in London during most ofthe intervening years in a milder, more endemic form. Between 1563 and 1665-the first period for which we have reasonable data, thanks to the Bills ofMortality, it was only absent from the City from 1616 to 1624 and again from 1650 to 1664.' I will concern myselfwith the social response to plague within the Dutch community in London, whose provision for and care ofinfected members has been held up as "an example of foreign civility close to home" by Paul Slack in his recent study on the impact ofplague in Tudor and Stuart England. I hope not only to expand this verdict, but also to modify it substantially. Accordingly, I shall attempt to demonstrate how and why this exceptional system, introduced by the London Dutch church during the plague of 1563, for the care and reliefofplague-ridden members, was allowed to decay under the early Stuarts. -
Abstract Stuart Suits and Smocks
ABSTRACT STUART SUITS AND SMOCKS: DRESS, IDENTITY, AND THE POLITICS OF DISPLAY IN THE LATE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH COURT by Emilie M. Brinkman This thesis centers on the language of dress and the politics of display during the late Stuart dynasty (1660–88). In the late Stuart courts, fashion and material possessions became an extension of one’s identity. As such, this study examines how elite Englishmen and women viewed themselves, and others, through their clothing on the eve of Britain’s birth in response to critical moments of identity crisis during the Restoration period. Whitehall courtiers and London gentility utilized their physical appearance, specifically their clothing, accoutrements, and furnishings, to send messages in order to define themselves, particularly their “Englishness,” in response to numerous unresolved issues of identity. Therefore, this thesis argues that the roots of English national character were evident in the courts of Charles II and James II as a portion of the English population bolstered together in defiance of the French culture that pervaded late seventeenth-century England. STUART SUITS AND SMOCKS: DRESS, IDENTITY, AND THE POLITICS OF DISPLAY IN THE LATE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH COURT A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by Emilie M. Brinkman Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2013 Advisor ______________________ P. Renée Baernstein, PhD Reader ______________________ Andrew Cayton, PhD Reader ______________________ Katharine Gillespie, PhD TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. The Character of Clothes 12 III. Diplomatic Dress 23 IV. Gendered Garb 36 V. -
A HISTORY of LONDON in 100 PLACES
A HISTORY of LONDON in 100 PLACES DAVID LONG ONEWORLD A Oneworld Book First published in North America, Great Britain & Austalia by Oneworld Publications 2014 Copyright © David Long 2014 The moral right of David Long to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78074-413-1 ISBN 978-1-78074-414-8 (eBook) Text designed and typeset by Tetragon Publishing Printed and bound by CPI Mackays, Croydon, UK Oneworld Publications 10 Bloomsbury Street London WC1B 3SR England CONTENTS Introduction xiii Chapter 1: Roman Londinium 1 1. London Wall City of London, EC3 2 2. First-century Wharf City of London, EC3 5 3. Roman Barge City of London, EC4 7 4. Temple of Mithras City of London, EC4 9 5. Amphitheatre City of London, EC2 11 6. Mosaic Pavement City of London, EC3 13 7. London’s Last Roman Citizen 14 Trafalgar Square, WC2 Chapter 2: Saxon Lundenwic 17 8. Saxon Arch City of London, EC3 18 9. Fish Trap Lambeth, SW8 20 10. Grim’s Dyke Harrow Weald, HA3 22 11. Burial Mounds Greenwich Park, SE10 23 12. Crucifixion Scene Stepney, E1 25 13. ‘Grave of a Princess’ Covent Garden, WC2 26 14. Queenhithe City of London, EC3 28 Chapter 3: Norman London 31 15. The White Tower Tower of London, EC3 32 16. Thomas à Becket’s Birthplace City of London, EC2 36 17.