GENERAL INDEX

Abgal,49 acculturation, XX Athena, 68, 80, 96, 149, n. 100,279, 302, Adad, ll7,n. 74, 136,n.43, 163 327 , 10, 178, n. 75 Attis, 178, n. 75 , 9, 45-46, 56-58, 68-70, 72-75, 91, Aurelian, 17,89,169,n.49, 174 106, 146, 153, 160-169, 187, 192-193, Azizu, 94-96, 237 226, 227, 282, 302, 307-308, 312; and Azzanatbkona, 9, 315 , 60-63, 86-87; see triad of Ain Zaoni, 182, n. 90 Baalshamin, 10, 68-69, 73, 75-82, 91, 113- al-Maqate, 68 114, 115-119, 158, n. 5, 164-170, 172, Akitu festival, 32, n. 127, 137-139,146-148, 183, 192,211-222,257,319; see triad of 151-154,258 Baalshamin Akitu temple, 32, n. 127, 138, 153 Bacaltak, 45, 71, n. 18, 109 Allat, 63, 68-69, 73, 75, 78-81, 90-93, 96, Babylon, 20,45,64-65, 133, 129, 154 105, 107, n. 36, 149, n. 100, 151, 162, Babylonia, 20-21, 26, 34-38,40, 111, n. 48, 166,277,279,302,322,331 134, 128-129, 136-141, 146, 153-155; al-Uzza, 90 influence of, 45, n. 13; see Mesopotamia Anath, 6, 7, 9, 15,33, 35, 68, 81, 126, 128, bazaar, 99-100 n.2,202,214,219 bed, cultic, 71, 206 angelofYaweh,l72 Bel, 9, 42-44, 48, 50, 54, 67-70, 99, 105- Anonymus God, 29, 76, n. 37-38, 165-170, 107, 109, 126, 130, 133, 170-174, 182- 172 183, 187, 189, 199-201, 199-206, 208, Antioch,8, 12, 102, 112,119,120,248,306 211, 227, 273-278, 287, 294-295, 302, Aphlad, 5, 9, 163,202,206-207,214 334; and Allat, 81-86, 90; and Apollo, 9,120-121, 128, 131-136, 145-146, Baalshamin 75-78; and Nabft, 146-156; 179, 254; founder of the Seleucid daughter of, 45; group of, 68-78, 97, dynasty, 121, 141-146 191; of Apamea, 58, n. 73; symbol of, Apulum, 182, n. 90 63; see triad of Bel Arabia, 20, 79 Be~on,45, 105 , see nomads Belti, 77, 79, 165 Arak, 49, 105, 111 Berenike, 104, 182, n. 90 Architect, 204, 208 betyl,84, 104 Ares, 88, 95-96 Bol, 44, 48, 61, 200 Ar~u, 9, 67-70, 73, 79, 80, 88-97,124-125, BolCastor, 45, 49-50, n. 43 151, 187, 192, 207-208, 227, 275-278, Borsippa, 129, 133, 135-140, 146; cylinder, 279,282,302,307-308,319-320 136-137 Artemis, 9, 120-121, 133-136, 141-146, Bosra, 25, n. 101,104 151,155 boule, of Dura-Europos, 15, 299; of Asharu, 97, 324-325 Paimyra, 25,39,n. 149.63,74 assimilation, XXI, 90, 113, 173, 183, 195 bouleutes, 297, 299 Assur, 31, 138-140, 147, 152,215 Assyria,45,n. 13, 133,138, 140,152, 162 camel, 82-85, 94,124,323 , 45-46, 50, n. 43, 68-70, 73, 75, 77, cameleer, 95, 320 105, 107-110, 193; companion of Bel, Caracalla, 14,21 70-72,106-177,126; see Tadmor caravans, 17, 19-22,27-28,32-34,50,63- Atargatis, 10,49,50, n. 43, 74-75, 80, 107- 65,89,97, 100, 126; routes of, 8, 13,35- 108, 151, 161, 248, 296; of Hierapolis, 40; goods transported by, 38-39; 91-92,107 protection of, 95-97; resting places for, 32 GENERAL INDEX 355

Castellum Dimidi, 181, n. 85 Painting, house of the banquet, 291- Chabur,6, 15 293; IartJ.ibol from the military clerical city god, 57, 60, 63, 66, 91, 97, 99, 114, office in the temple of Azzanathkona, 1~1~lnM~I~I~U~I~ 186, 316-318; Julius Terentius, 102, 192-193,274,278,290; festival of, 126, 123-124, 157, 186-187, 191, 304-307; 139; see Gad M5, 278-279; Otes sacrificing before city goddess, 305; see Tyche, Gad five Palmyrene deities, 68, 183, 208, city temple, 28, 63, 67, 73-74, 87-88, 97, 278, 300-302; Synagogue, 83; temple of 193 Adonis, 227; temple of the Gadde, early cohors XX Palmyrenorum, 14, 16, 184-188, period, 226-227, after 150 CE, 256-258; 191,217,235-236,242,259,303-304, temple in the necropolis (~u), 68, 207- 307,311,315-316,320 208 Coptos, 182, n. 90, 242 Sculpture, Aphlad, 214, 250; Ar~u Cos, 57 from temple of Megistos, 321; Asharu and Shacd,97 324-325, Gad of Dacia, 181, 185 Dura, 100-102, 111-113, 157-158, 188, Damara, 3 245-247; Gad Tadmor, 100-103, 157- Daphne, 142-144 158,188,247-248; Goddess with mural differentiation, XI crown flanked by doves or eagles, 123, dog, 71,n. 18, 109-110, 148-150,268 n. 94; , 11, n. 43; Heracles, 327; donkey, 82-84 larl)ibol, sacred stone of the source, 13, Ducanat, 81 47, 186, 253-254; Malakbel (fragments), Dura-Europos, discovery of, XVI-XVII, 2; 100, 157-158, 188-189,248-253; Man Feriale Duranum, 184-185, 187; leading a camel (~u) from the temple fortifications of, 3-4, 12; Hellenistic of Zeus Megistos, 124-125, 190; military period, 3-4, 113-115, 120, 145, 318; figure (larJ.Jibol) from the temple in the Jewish community, 16; military camp, necropolis, 208-209; Mithraic relief 168- 13, 30, mold from the temple of the CE,267-269; Mithraic relief UO-Ul Gadde, 255; Palmyrene gate, 7, 14, 36, CE, 269-272; MS, dedicated to Bel, 91- 123-124; Parthian period, 4-11; Roman 93, 106-107, 259, 275-278; Nabtl., 128- period, 11-17; Roman army in Dura, 129, 254; Nemesis, 328-331; Zeus 123-124, 183-188 Kyrios-Baalshamin, 8, 31, 115-119, 190, Bnildings, Christian bnilding, XVIII, 219-220,319 12,272; house of the banquet, 281-282; ~,77, 79,80,165 house of Nebuchelus, 6,17; M5, 29-30, Fortuna, 112, n. 53,329 279-281; Mithraeum, 12, 13, 30, 185, Fortune, of , % 260-262,272; praetorium,13; synagogue, XVIII, 12,272; temple of Adonis, 123, n. eagle, 54-55, 76, 85-87,109,117,165,177- 95, 227; temple of Aphlad, 33, 128, n. 2, 179,246,317,324 212, 281; temple of Artemis, 5, 34, n. Edessa, 16,94-%, 104, 130, 147 133, 120; temple of Atargatis, 201, 215, Efqa, 17, 19,47-49, 102, 110,234,305; see 234; temple of Azzanathkona, 13, 30, larl)ibol 116, n. 67, 128, n. 2, 315-316; temple of Elagabalus, 15 Bel in the necropolis, 29-33, 36, 41 f, Elam,141 184,190,209-211; temple of the Gadde, EI Ghara, 181, n. 85 early period, 29-30, 33, 36,41,99,227- EI Kantara, 181, n. 85 228; after 150 CE, 30, 99, 128, 156, 157- Emesa, 20,; see Homs 159,184,188-189,190,258-260; temple EnUIIUJ elish, 147-154, 192 of the Palmyrene gods, 13, 30, 34, n. Eros,285,292 133, 42, 186, 191, 293-295; temple of eunuch,296-297 Zeus Kyrios-Baalshamin, 29-30, 33, 36, evil eye, 293 111-116,123, n. 95, 220-222; temple of Zeus Theos, 10, n. 39; temple of Zeus family god, 23, 28, 44, 46, n. 28, 50, 62-63, Megistos, 114-115, 120-122, 124-125, 192; see religion, family 191,281,318-319 fertility god, 80,117,160-162