GENERAL INDEX Abgal,49 acculturation, XX Athena, 68, 80, 96, 149, n. 100,279, 302, Adad, ll7,n. 74, 136,n.43, 163 327 Adonis, 10, 178, n. 75 Attis, 178, n. 75 Aglibol, 9, 45-46, 56-58, 68-70, 72-75, 91, Aurelian, 17,89,169,n.49, 174 106, 146, 153, 160-169, 187, 192-193, Azizu, 94-96, 237 226, 227, 282, 302, 307-308, 312; and Azzanatbkona, 9, 315 Malakbel, 60-63, 86-87; see triad of Bel Ain Zaoni, 182, n. 90 Baalshamin, 10, 68-69, 73, 75-82, 91, 113- al-Maqate, 68 114, 115-119, 158, n. 5, 164-170, 172, Akitu festival, 32, n. 127, 137-139,146-148, 183, 192,211-222,257,319; see triad of 151-154,258 Baalshamin Akitu temple, 32, n. 127, 138, 153 Bacaltak, 45, 71, n. 18, 109 Allat, 63, 68-69, 73, 75, 78-81, 90-93, 96, Babylon, 20,45,64-65, 133, 129, 154 105, 107, n. 36, 149, n. 100, 151, 162, Babylonia, 20-21, 26, 34-38,40, 111, n. 48, 166,277,279,302,322,331 134, 128-129, 136-141, 146, 153-155; al-Uzza, 90 influence of, 45, n. 13; see Mesopotamia Anath, 6, 7, 9, 15,33, 35, 68, 81, 126, 128, bazaar, 99-100 n.2,202,214,219 bed, cultic, 71, 206 angelofYaweh,l72 Bel, 9, 42-44, 48, 50, 54, 67-70, 99, 105- Anonymus God, 29, 76, n. 37-38, 165-170, 107, 109, 126, 130, 133, 170-174, 182- 172 183, 187, 189, 199-201, 199-206, 208, Antioch,8, 12, 102, 112,119,120,248,306 211, 227, 273-278, 287, 294-295, 302, Aphlad, 5, 9, 163,202,206-207,214 334; and Allat, 81-86, 90; and Apollo, 9,120-121, 128, 131-136, 145-146, Baalshamin 75-78; and Nabft, 146-156; 179, 254; founder of the Seleucid daughter of, 45; group of, 68-78, 97, dynasty, 121, 141-146 191; of Apamea, 58, n. 73; symbol of, Apulum, 182, n. 90 63; see triad of Bel Arabia, 20, 79 Be~on,45, 105 Arabs, see nomads Belti, 77, 79, 165 Arak, 49, 105, 111 Berenike, 104, 182, n. 90 Architect, 204, 208 betyl,84, 104 Ares, 88, 95-96 Bol, 44, 48, 61, 200 Ar~u, 9, 67-70, 73, 79, 80, 88-97,124-125, BolCastor, 45, 49-50, n. 43 151, 187, 192, 207-208, 227, 275-278, Borsippa, 129, 133, 135-140, 146; cylinder, 279,282,302,307-308,319-320 136-137 Artemis, 9, 120-121, 133-136, 141-146, Bosra, 25, n. 101,104 151,155 boule, of Dura-Europos, 15, 299; of Asharu, 97, 324-325 Paimyra, 25,39,n. 149.63,74 assimilation, XXI, 90, 113, 173, 183, 195 bouleutes, 297, 299 Assur, 31, 138-140, 147, 152,215 Assyria,45,n. 13, 133,138, 140,152, 162 camel, 82-85, 94,124,323 Astarte, 45-46, 50, n. 43, 68-70, 73, 75, 77, cameleer, 95, 320 105, 107-110, 193; companion of Bel, Caracalla, 14,21 70-72,106-177,126; see Gad Tadmor caravans, 17, 19-22,27-28,32-34,50,63- Atargatis, 10,49,50, n. 43, 74-75, 80, 107- 65,89,97, 100, 126; routes of, 8, 13,35- 108, 151, 161, 248, 296; of Hierapolis, 40; goods transported by, 38-39; 91-92,107 protection of, 95-97; resting places for, 32 GENERAL INDEX 355 Castellum Dimidi, 181, n. 85 Painting, house of the banquet, 291- Chabur,6, 15 293; IartJ.ibol from the military clerical city god, 57, 60, 63, 66, 91, 97, 99, 114, office in the temple of Azzanathkona, 1~1~lnM~I~I~U~I~ 186, 316-318; Julius Terentius, 102, 192-193,274,278,290; festival of, 126, 123-124, 157, 186-187, 191, 304-307; 139; see Gad M5, 278-279; Otes sacrificing before city goddess, 305; see Tyche, Gad five Palmyrene deities, 68, 183, 208, city temple, 28, 63, 67, 73-74, 87-88, 97, 278, 300-302; Synagogue, 83; temple of 193 Adonis, 227; temple of the Gadde, early cohors XX Palmyrenorum, 14, 16, 184-188, period, 226-227, after 150 CE, 256-258; 191,217,235-236,242,259,303-304, temple in the necropolis (~u), 68, 207- 307,311,315-316,320 208 Coptos, 182, n. 90, 242 Sculpture, Aphlad, 214, 250; Ar~u Cos, 57 from temple of Zeus Megistos, 321; Asharu and Shacd,97 324-325, Gad of Dacia, 181, 185 Dura, 100-102, 111-113, 157-158, 188, Damara, 3 245-247; Gad Tadmor, 100-103, 157- Daphne, 142-144 158,188,247-248; Goddess with mural differentiation, XI crown flanked by doves or eagles, 123, dog, 71,n. 18, 109-110, 148-150,268 n. 94; Hadad, 11, n. 43; Heracles, 327; donkey, 82-84 larl)ibol, sacred stone of the source, 13, Ducanat, 81 47, 186, 253-254; Malakbel (fragments), Dura-Europos, discovery of, XVI-XVII, 2; 100, 157-158, 188-189,248-253; Man Feriale Duranum, 184-185, 187; leading a camel (~u) from the temple fortifications of, 3-4, 12; Hellenistic of Zeus Megistos, 124-125, 190; military period, 3-4, 113-115, 120, 145, 318; figure (larJ.Jibol) from the temple in the Jewish community, 16; military camp, necropolis, 208-209; Mithraic relief 168- 13, 30, mold from the temple of the CE,267-269; Mithraic relief UO-Ul Gadde, 255; Palmyrene gate, 7, 14, 36, CE, 269-272; MS, dedicated to Bel, 91- 123-124; Parthian period, 4-11; Roman 93, 106-107, 259, 275-278; Nabtl., 128- period, 11-17; Roman army in Dura, 129, 254; Nemesis, 328-331; Zeus 123-124, 183-188 Kyrios-Baalshamin, 8, 31, 115-119, 190, Bnildings, Christian bnilding, XVIII, 219-220,319 12,272; house of the banquet, 281-282; ~,77, 79,80,165 house of Nebuchelus, 6,17; M5, 29-30, Fortuna, 112, n. 53,329 279-281; Mithraeum, 12, 13, 30, 185, Fortune, of Palmyra, % 260-262,272; praetorium,13; synagogue, XVIII, 12,272; temple of Adonis, 123, n. eagle, 54-55, 76, 85-87,109,117,165,177- 95, 227; temple of Aphlad, 33, 128, n. 2, 179,246,317,324 212, 281; temple of Artemis, 5, 34, n. Edessa, 16,94-%, 104, 130, 147 133, 120; temple of Atargatis, 201, 215, Efqa, 17, 19,47-49, 102, 110,234,305; see 234; temple of Azzanathkona, 13, 30, larl)ibol 116, n. 67, 128, n. 2, 315-316; temple of Elagabalus, 15 Bel in the necropolis, 29-33, 36, 41 f, Elam,141 184,190,209-211; temple of the Gadde, EI Ghara, 181, n. 85 early period, 29-30, 33, 36,41,99,227- EI Kantara, 181, n. 85 228; after 150 CE, 30, 99, 128, 156, 157- Emesa, 20,; see Homs 159,184,188-189,190,258-260; temple EnUIIUJ elish, 147-154, 192 of the Palmyrene gods, 13, 30, 34, n. Eros,285,292 133, 42, 186, 191, 293-295; temple of eunuch,296-297 Zeus Kyrios-Baalshamin, 29-30, 33, 36, evil eye, 293 111-116,123, n. 95, 220-222; temple of Zeus Theos, 10, n. 39; temple of Zeus family god, 23, 28, 44, 46, n. 28, 50, 62-63, Megistos, 114-115, 120-122, 124-125, 192; see religion, family 191,281,318-319 fertility god, 80,117,160-162 .